NO129396B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO129396B NO129396B NO01300/71A NO130071A NO129396B NO 129396 B NO129396 B NO 129396B NO 01300/71 A NO01300/71 A NO 01300/71A NO 130071 A NO130071 A NO 130071A NO 129396 B NO129396 B NO 129396B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- acrylonitrile
- polymer
- mixture
- vinyl
- percent
- Prior art date
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims description 33
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000005673 monoalkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 heterocyclic amine Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-vinylpyridine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=N1 KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002903 fire-safe polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- SMTDFMMXJHYDDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-prop-1-enylpyridine Chemical compound CC=CC1=CC=CC=N1 SMTDFMMXJHYDDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 18
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylimidazole Chemical compound C=CN1C=CN=C1 OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VJOWMORERYNYON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-ethenyl-2-methylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=N1 VJOWMORERYNYON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002166 wet spinning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IEPRKVQEAMIZSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-Et ester-Fumaric acid Natural products CCOC(=O)C=CC(=O)OCC IEPRKVQEAMIZSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IEPRKVQEAMIZSS-WAYWQWQTSA-N Diethyl maleate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)\C=C/C(=O)OCC IEPRKVQEAMIZSS-WAYWQWQTSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HXGDTGSAIMULJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N acenaphthylene Chemical compound C1=CC(C=C2)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 HXGDTGSAIMULJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- FUSUHKVFWTUUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N buten-2-one Chemical compound CC(=O)C=C FUSUHKVFWTUUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011437 continuous method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000578 dry spinning Methods 0.000 description 2
- FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC=C FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 2
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKFHAJHLJHVUDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-vinylcarbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(C=C)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 KKFHAJHLJHVUDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- MFEVGQHCNVXMER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 1,3,2$l^{2}-dioxaplumbetan-4-one Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-]C([O-])=O MFEVGQHCNVXMER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- WDXYVJKNSMILOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2-oxide Chemical compound O=S1OCCO1 WDXYVJKNSMILOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQIRHMDFDOXWHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-1-chloroethene Chemical group ClC(Br)=C DQIRHMDFDOXWHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZCMOJQQLBXBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxy-2-methylpropane Chemical compound CC(C)COC=C OZCMOJQQLBXBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SHVBLBWXKTWTAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-5-methylimidazole Chemical compound CC1=CN=CN1C=C SHVBLBWXKTWTAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPNGUUBTOATYSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylnaphthalene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=C2C(C=C)=CC=CC2=C1 DPNGUUBTOATYSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOCDJQSAMZARGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione Chemical compound C=CN1C(=O)CCC1=O VOCDJQSAMZARGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PFHGNIMWELIXGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitropiperidine Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N1CCCCC1 PFHGNIMWELIXGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZTBMYHIYNGYIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloroacrylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(Cl)=C SZTBMYHIYNGYIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBXYCBGDIALKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloroprop-2-enamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C(Cl)=C YBXYCBGDIALKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCFYCLRCIJDYQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenyl-5-methylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)N=C1 LCFYCLRCIJDYQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQBUHYQVKJQAOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenylfuran Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CO1 QQBUHYQVKJQAOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XWEJYCPRFACKRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,3-trichloro-1-nitropropan-1-ol Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C(CC(Cl)(Cl)Cl)O XWEJYCPRFACKRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFDVPJUYSDEJTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenylpyridine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=NC=C1 KFDVPJUYSDEJTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YYHVCLZQFKNMNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C=C)#N.[Cl] Chemical compound C(C=C)#N.[Cl] YYHVCLZQFKNMNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HETCEOQFVDFGSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropenyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=C)OC(C)=O HETCEOQFVDFGSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000003 Lead carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- CWRYPZZKDGJXCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N acenaphthalene Natural products C1=CC(CC2)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CWRYPZZKDGJXCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008360 acrylonitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000410 antimony oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001553 barium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DAMJCWMGELCIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl n-(2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl)carbamate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1COC(=O)NC1CCNC1=O DAMJCWMGELCIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- INLLPKCGLOXCIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromoethene Chemical compound BrC=C INLLPKCGLOXCIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012662 bulk polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- AYOHIQLKSOJJQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyltin Chemical compound CCCC[Sn]CCCC AYOHIQLKSOJJQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- YPTLFOZCUOHVFO-VOTSOKGWSA-N diethyl (e)-2-methylbut-2-enedioate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)\C=C(/C)C(=O)OCC YPTLFOZCUOHVFO-VOTSOKGWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YPTLFOZCUOHVFO-SREVYHEPSA-N diethyl (z)-2-methylbut-2-enedioate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)\C=C(\C)C(=O)OCC YPTLFOZCUOHVFO-SREVYHEPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEPRKVQEAMIZSS-AATRIKPKSA-N diethyl fumarate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)\C=C\C(=O)OCC IEPRKVQEAMIZSS-AATRIKPKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004177 diethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- UCQFCFPECQILOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(O)(=O)OCC UCQFCFPECQILOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATLPLEZDTSBZQG-UHFFFAOYSA-L dioxido-oxo-propan-2-yl-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound CC(C)P([O-])([O-])=O ATLPLEZDTSBZQG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- XJELOQYISYPGDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl 2-chloroacetate Chemical compound ClCC(=O)OC=C XJELOQYISYPGDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC=C UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005670 ethenylalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethene Chemical compound FC=C XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011087 fumaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002238 fumaric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011872 intimate mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- YJOMWQQKPKLUBO-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead(2+);phthalate Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YJOMWQQKPKLUBO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002689 maleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVQPBIMCRZQQBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxymethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound COCOC(=O)C(C)=C LVQPBIMCRZQQBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NZIDBRBFGPQCRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NZIDBRBFGPQCRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940065472 octyl acrylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ANISOHQJBAQUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C ANISOHQJBAQUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006027 ternary co-polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H25/00—Steering; Slowing-down otherwise than by use of propulsive elements; Dynamic anchoring, i.e. positioning vessels by means of main or auxiliary propulsive elements
- B63H25/06—Steering by rudders
- B63H25/38—Rudders
- B63H25/382—Rudders movable otherwise than for steering purposes; Changing geometry
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H25/00—Steering; Slowing-down otherwise than by use of propulsive elements; Dynamic anchoring, i.e. positioning vessels by means of main or auxiliary propulsive elements
- B63H25/50—Slowing-down means not otherwise provided for
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H25/00—Steering; Slowing-down otherwise than by use of propulsive elements; Dynamic anchoring, i.e. positioning vessels by means of main or auxiliary propulsive elements
- B63H25/06—Steering by rudders
- B63H2025/066—Arrangements of two or more rudders; Steering gear therefor
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Control Devices (AREA)
- Control Of Position, Course, Altitude, Or Attitude Of Moving Bodies (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
Description
Brannhemmende polymerisatblanding, særlig egnet for fremstilling av fibre. Fire-retardant polymer mixture, particularly suitable for the production of fibres.
Denne oppfinnelse angår brannhemmende blandinger av fiberdannede akrylnitril-sampolymerisater og halogenholdige polymerisater og som er særlig egnet for fremstilling av fibre. This invention relates to fire-retardant mixtures of fibrous acrylonitrile copolymers and halogen-containing polymers and which are particularly suitable for the production of fibres.
Fiberdannende akrylnitril-polymerisater som normalt inneholder mere enn ca. 75 pst. akrylnitril har betydelig anvendelse til fremstilling av tekstilmateri-aler. Stoffer fremstillet av slike materialer er lett brennbare på samme måte som andre voluminøse syntetiske polymerisater som brukes i tekstilfabrikasjonen. Når produkter dannet fra filamenter av akrylnitrilpolymerisater utsettes for frie flammer, brenner de under dannelse av små kuler av smeltede tjæreaktige materialer som forbrenningsprodukt. Dette forhold er meget fremtredende i ikke-vevede og løst vevede stoffer. De nevnte små kuler repre-senterer et faremoment ved siden av flammene som utvikles av det brennende materiale. De smeltede, tjæreaktige materialer som kulene består av, inneholder flyk-tige stoffer og er lett brennbare, og de har i kuleformen tilbøyelighet til å flyte utover eller dryppe og således å spre det brennende materiale. Denne tilbøyelighet er særlig ufordelaktig når akrylnitrilpoly-merisatprodukter brukes i gjenstander som markiser, telt, forheng, sengetøy og lignende. Et annet risikomoment forbun-det med forbrenning av materialer som danner smeltede tjæreaktige forbrenningsprodukter er at slike materialer hef-ter seg til hud og hår og derved alvorlige brannsår. Fiber-forming acrylonitrile polymers that normally contain more than approx. 75 per cent acrylonitrile has considerable application in the production of textile materials. Substances made from such materials are easily flammable in the same way as other voluminous synthetic polymers used in textile manufacturing. When products formed from filaments of acrylonitrile polymers are exposed to open flames, they burn to form small globules of molten tar-like materials as a combustion product. This ratio is very prominent in non-woven and loosely woven fabrics. The aforementioned small balls represent a point of danger next to the flames developed by the burning material. The molten, tar-like materials of which the balls consist contain volatile substances and are easily flammable, and in ball form they have a tendency to float outwards or drip and thus spread the burning material. This tendency is particularly disadvantageous when acrylonitrile polymer products are used in articles such as awnings, tents, curtains, bedding and the like. Another risk associated with the burning of materials that form molten tar-like combustion products is that such materials stick to skin and hair and thereby cause serious burns.
Ved hjelp av foreliggende oppfinnelse skaffes der nye fiberdannende akrylnitril-polymerisater som er mindre brannfarlige enn de tidligere kjente. Særlig skaffes der ved hjelp av oppfinnelsen fiberdannende akrylnitrilpolymerisater som når de fore-ligger i form av vevstoffer, tepper og lignende ved forbrenning danner en kompakt aske og ikke smeltede tjæreaktige kuler som forbrenningsprodukt. With the help of the present invention, new fibre-forming acrylonitrile polymers are obtained which are less flammable than the previously known ones. In particular, fiber-forming acrylonitrile polymers are obtained with the help of the invention which, when present in the form of woven fabrics, carpets and the like, upon combustion form a compact ash and unmelted tar-like balls as a combustion product.
De brannhemmende polymerisatblandinger ifølge oppfinnelsen består av en oppløsning med mere enn 80 pst. akrylnitril og et annet monoolefin som er sampolymerisert med dette, i blanding med et klorholdig vinylpolymerisat, og det karakteristiske hovedtrekk ved oppfinnelsen er at det akrylnitrilholdige polymerisat omfatter 70—95 pst. av blandingen, samt at det klorholdige polymerisat inneholder minst 80 vektspst. av en monomer valgt fra gruppen bestående av vinylklorid og vinylidenklorid og mindre enn 20 vektpst. av andre monoolefinmonomere som er sampolymerisert med førstnevnte monomer. The fire-retardant polymer mixtures according to the invention consist of a solution with more than 80 percent acrylonitrile and another monoolefin that is copolymerized with this, in a mixture with a chlorine-containing vinyl polymer, and the characteristic main feature of the invention is that the acrylonitrile-containing polymer comprises 70-95 percent of the mixture, and that the chlorine-containing polymer contains at least 80 wt. of a monomer selected from the group consisting of vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride and less than 20 wt. of other monoolefin monomers which are copolymerized with the first-mentioned monomer.
Når slike produkter i form av vevstoffer eller loede stoffer utsettes for When such products in the form of woven fabrics or fleeces are exposed to
flammer, viser de en minsket brennbarhet, en minsket forbrenningshastighet og der dannes som forbrenningsprodukter en kompakt aske istedenfor brennbare, smeltede, tjæreaktige små kuler. På grunn av flames, they show a reduced combustibility, a reduced combustion rate and a compact ash is formed as combustion products instead of flammable, molten, tar-like small balls. Because of
de endrede forbrenningsegenskaper hos produkter ifølge oppfinnelsen er de ikke brannfarlige i motsetning til produkter som er basert på vanlige akrylnitril-polymerisater, og forbrenningsproduktene bi-beholder deres form som en kompakt aske uten dannelse av smeltede tjæreaktige små kuler. Produkter ifølge oppfinnelsen kan lett formes og lett behandles slik at der dannes farvede filamenter med meget gode fysikalske egenskaper. the changed combustion properties of products according to the invention are not flammable in contrast to products based on ordinary acrylonitrile polymers, and the combustion products retain their shape as a compact ash without the formation of molten tar-like small balls. Products according to the invention can be easily shaped and easily processed so that colored filaments with very good physical properties are formed.
Som halogenholdige polymerisater er ved utførelse av oppfinnelsen best egnet polymerisater som inneholder en større mengde av fortrinnsvis, vinylklorid eller vinylidenklorid. Slike polymerisater kan også inneholde mindre enn 20 pst. av andre monoolefin-monomere med > C = C O grupper og som er sampolymeriserbare med de halogenholdige polymerisater. For-delaktige polymerisater eller sampolyme-risater er dem som inneholder 100 pst. vinylklorid eller vinylidenklorid, eller sam-polymerisater av disse to forbindelser i hvilket som helst forhold, eller sampoly-merisater av vinylklorid og/eller vinylidenklorid som inneholder mindre enn 20 pst. av andre sampolymeriserbare monoolefin-monomere, deriblant monomere som vinylester, f. eks. vinylacetat lavere dial-kylester av malein- og fumarsyre, f. eks. dietyl- og dibutylestere, estere av akryl-og metakrylsyre, f. eks. metylakrylat, bu-tylaktulat, oktylakrylat, metylmetakrylat, butylmetakrylat og lignende, vinylalkyl-etere, f. eks. vinyletyleter og vinylisobu-tyleter, isobutylen, isopropenylacetat, al-kylvinylketoner og andre monoolefin-monomere som er sampolymeriserbare med vinylklorid og vinylidenklorid. Særlig foretrekkes polyvinylklorid eller sampolymeri-sater av den ovenfor angitte art som inneholder mere enn 90 vektspst. vinylklorid og mindre enn 10 pst. av andre sampolymeriserbare monoolefin-monomere. As halogen-containing polymers, when carrying out the invention, polymers which contain a larger amount of preferably vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride are most suitable. Such polymers can also contain less than 20 percent of other monoolefin monomers with >C=CO groups and which are copolymerizable with the halogen-containing polymers. Advantageous polymers or copolymers are those containing 100 percent vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride, or copolymers of these two compounds in any ratio, or copolymers of vinyl chloride and/or vinylidene chloride containing less than 20 percent. of other copolymerizable monoolefin monomers, including monomers such as vinyl ester, e.g. vinyl acetate lower dialkyl esters of maleic and fumaric acids, e.g. diethyl and dibutyl esters, esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid, e.g. methyl acrylate, butyl actulate, octyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate and the like, vinyl alkyl ethers, e.g. vinyl ethyl ether and vinyl isobutyl ether, isobutylene, isopropenyl acetate, alkyl vinyl ketones and other monoolefin monomers copolymerizable with vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride. Particular preference is given to polyvinyl chloride or copolymers of the above type which contain more than 90% by weight. vinyl chloride and less than 10 percent of other copolymerizable monoolefin monomers.
Mengden av det halogenholdige polymerisat som brukes i akrylnitrilpolymerisat-blandingen varierer fra 5 til 30 vektpst. av det halogenholdige polymerisat basert på totalinnholdet av polymerisatet, og fortrinnsvis fra 10 til 20 vektpst. med tilsvarende fra 90 til 80 vektpst. av akrylnitril-polymerisatet. Mengden av det halogenholdige polymerisat som skal brukes kan også beregnes på grunnlag av det to-tale halogeninnhold av polymerisatblandingen. Ved anvendelse av klorholdige forbindelser polymerisatblandingen vanligvis fra 5 til 20 vektpst. klor, og fortrinnsvis 10 til 15 vektpst. The amount of the halogen-containing polymer used in the acrylonitrile polymer mixture varies from 5 to 30 wt. of the halogen-containing polymer based on the total content of the polymer, and preferably from 10 to 20 wt. with correspondingly from 90 to 80 wt. of the acrylonitrile polymer. The quantity of the halogen-containing polymer to be used can also be calculated on the basis of the binary halogen content of the polymer mixture. When using chlorine-containing compounds, the polymer mixture usually from 5 to 20 wt. chlorine, and preferably 10 to 15 wt.
De halogenholdige polymerisater som The halogen-containing polymers which
normalt er polymerisater av vinylklorid inneholder i alminnelighet som velkjent, en stabilisator. Typiske stabilisatorer er dibutyl-tinn-laureat, tinn-merkaptid, epoxyderte fettsyreestere, toverdig blyfta-lat, blykarbonat, kadmium- og bariumfor-bindelser og lignende. normally, polymers of vinyl chloride generally contain, as is well known, a stabilizer. Typical stabilizers are dibutyl tin laureate, tin mercaptide, epoxidized fatty acid esters, divalent lead phthalate, lead carbonate, cadmium and barium compounds and the like.
Det klorholdige polymerisat blandes intimt med det fiberdannende akrylnitril-polymerisat ved hjelp av hvilken som helst av kjente metoder. En enkel metode består f. eks. i å oppløse både akrylnitril-polymerisatet og det klorholdige polymerisat i det ønskede oppløsningsmiddel for akrylnitrilpolymerisatet. De ovenfor nevnte akrylnitril- og klorholdige polymerisater i de ovenfor nevnte mengdeforhold danner hva der er uventet forenlige blandinger i de nedenfor angitte oppløsnings-midler, og danner stabile oppløsninger som kan brukes til spinning i industriell måle-stokk. En annen metode består i å blande vandige dispersjoner av det klorholdige polymerisat og akrylnitrilpolymerisat og derpå tørre denne blanding, samt før bruk å oppløse den i det ønskede oppløsnings-middel. Det kan brukes en hvilken som helst metode til fremstilling av blandingen av de to polymeriserte materialer så lenge man oppnår en intim blanding. The chlorine-containing polymer is intimately mixed with the fiber-forming acrylonitrile polymer by any of known methods. A simple method consists, for example, of in dissolving both the acrylonitrile polymer and the chlorine-containing polymer in the desired solvent for the acrylonitrile polymer. The above-mentioned acrylonitrile- and chlorine-containing polymers in the above-mentioned proportions form what are unexpectedly compatible mixtures in the below-mentioned solvents, and form stable solutions that can be used for spinning on an industrial scale. Another method consists in mixing aqueous dispersions of the chlorine-containing polymer and acrylonitrile polymer and then drying this mixture, as well as dissolving it in the desired solvent before use. Any method of preparing the mixture of the two polymerized materials can be used as long as an intimate mixture is achieved.
De akrylnitril-materialer som brukes i foreliggende oppfinnelse er polymerisater av akrylnitril og omfatter binære og ternære polymerisater inneholdende minst 80 vektspst. akrylnitril i polymerisatmole-kylet og opptil 20 vektpst. av med dette sampolymeriserbare monomere, eller blandinger av polyakrylnitril eller sampoly-merisater inneholdende akrylnitril, hvilke blandinger har totalt innhold av polymeri-ert akrylnitril på minst 80 vektpst., således som det vil bli beskrevet detaljert i det følgende. The acrylonitrile materials used in the present invention are polymers of acrylonitrile and comprise binary and ternary polymers containing at least 80 wt. acrylonitrile in the polymerized mole chiller and up to 20 wt. of monomers that can be copolymerized with this, or mixtures of polyacrylonitrile or copolymers containing acrylonitrile, which mixtures have a total content of polymerized acrylonitrile of at least 80% by weight, as will be described in detail below.
Akrylnitrilpolymerisatet kan f. eks. være et sampolymerisat av minst 80 vektpst. akrylnitril og mindre enn 20 pst. av en annen monomer som inneholder The acrylonitrile polymer can e.g. be a copolymer of at least 80% by weight. acrylonitrile and less than 20 percent of another monomer containing
>jC = C <-bindingen og som lar seg sampolymerisere med akrylnitril. Blant de passende monoolefin-monomere er akrylsyre, a-klor-akrylsyre og metakrylsyre, metakrylater, f. eks. metylmetakrylat, etylmetakrylat, butylmetakrylat, oktylme-takrylat, metoksymetyl-metakrylat, (5-klor-etyl-metakrylat og de tilsvarende estere av akrylsyre og cc-klorakrylsyre, vinylklorid, vinylfluorid, vinylbromid, vinylidenklorid, 1-klor-l-brometylen, metakryl-nitril, akrylamid og metakrylamid, a-klor-akrylamid eller dets monoalkyl-substitu-sjonsprodukter, metylvinylketon, vinylkar- >jC = C < bond and which can be copolymerized with acrylonitrile. Among the suitable monoolefin monomers are acrylic acid, α-chloroacrylic acid and methacrylic acid, methacrylates, e.g. methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, octyl methacrylate, methoxymethyl methacrylate, (5-chloro-ethyl methacrylate and the corresponding esters of acrylic acid and cc-chloroacrylic acid, vinyl chloride, vinyl fluoride, vinyl bromide, vinylidene chloride, 1-chloro-l-bromethylene, methacryl -nitrile, acrylamide and methacrylamide, α-chloroacrylamide or its monoalkyl substitution products, methyl vinyl ketone, vinyl car-
boxylater, f. eks. vinylacetat, vinylklorace-tat, vinylpropionat og N-vinylsuccinimid, metylenalonsyreestere, itakonsyre og ita-konsyreestere, N-vinylkarbazol, vinylfu-ran, alkylvinyletere, vinylsulfonsyre, ety-len-a-, (3-dikarboxylsyrér og deres anhy-drider eller derivater såsom dietylfumarat, dietylmaleat, dietyl-citrakonat, dietyl-mesakonat, styren-vinyl-naftalin, acenaf-talin, vinylsubstituerte tertiære hetero-cykliske aminer såsom vinylpyridiner og al-kylsubstituerte vinyl-pyridiner, f. eks. 2-vinylpyridin, 4-vinylpyridin, 5-metyl-2-vinyl-pyridin, m. m., 1-vinylimidazol og al-kyl-substituerte 1-vinylimidazoler, såsom 2-, 4-, eller 5-metyl-1-vinylimidazol, og andre > C = C Oholdige sampolymeriserbare materialer. boxylates, e.g. vinyl acetate, vinyl chloroacetate, vinyl propionate and N-vinyl succinimide, methylenealonic acid esters, itaconic acid and itaconic acid esters, N-vinylcarbazole, vinylfuran, alkyl vinyl ethers, vinylsulfonic acid, ethylene-α-, (3-dicarboxylic acids and their anhydrides or derivatives such as diethyl fumarate, diethyl maleate, diethyl citraconate, diethyl mesaconate, styrene-vinyl-naphthalene, acenaphthalene, vinyl-substituted tertiary heterocyclic amines such as vinylpyridines and alkyl-substituted vinyl-pyridines, e.g. 2-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine , 5-methyl-2-vinyl-pyridine, etc., 1-vinylimidazole and alkyl-substituted 1-vinylimidazoles, such as 2-, 4-, or 5-methyl-1-vinylimidazole, and other > C = C O-containing copolymerizable materials.
Nevnte polymerisat kan også være et ternært sampolymerisat, f. eks. produkter erholdt ved sampolymerisasjon av akrylnitril og to eller flere av de ovenfor nevnte monomere. Et spesielt fordelaktig ternært polymerisat inneholder akrylnitril, meta-krylnitril og 2-vinylpyridin. De ternære polymerisater kan f. eks. inneholde fra 80 til 96 pst. akrylnitril, fra 1 til 10 pst. vinylpyridin eller 1-vinyl-imidazol og fra 1 til 18 pst. av et annet stoff, f. eks. meta-krylnitril eller vinylklorid. Said polymer can also be a ternary copolymer, e.g. products obtained by copolymerization of acrylonitrile and two or more of the above-mentioned monomers. A particularly advantageous ternary polymerizate contains acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile and 2-vinylpyridine. The ternary polymers can e.g. contain from 80 to 96 percent of acrylonitrile, from 1 to 10 percent of vinylpyridine or 1-vinyl imidazole and from 1 to 18 percent of another substance, e.g. methacrylonitrile or vinyl chloride.
Akrylnitrilpolymerisatet kan som nevnt også bestå av blandinger av polyakrylnitril eller et sampolymerisat med fra 80 til '99 pst. akrylnitril og fra 1 til 20 pst. av i det minste et annet >C = C<-holdig stoff som lar seg sampolymerisere med akrylnitril, med fra 2 til 50 vektpst. beregnet på vekten av blandingen av et sampolymerisat av fra 10 til 70 pst. av i det minste et annet > C = C <-holdig polymeriserbart monomer. Når polymerisat-materialet omfatter en blanding, kan denne blanding bestå av et sampolymerisat av 90 til 98 pst. akrylnitril og fra 2 til 20 pst. av et annet monoolefin-monomer, som vinylacetat, med en tilstrekkelig mengde av et sampolymerisat av fra 10 til 70 pst. akrylnitril eller N-vinylkarbazol og lignende og fra 30 til 90 pst. av et vinylsubstituert tertiært heterocyklisk amin, såsom vinylpyridin, metyl-vinylpyridin eller 1-vinylimidazol, for å danne en farg-bar blanding med et totalt innhold av vi-, nyl-substituert tertiært heterocyklisk amin fra 2 til 10 pst., beregnet på blandingens vekt. As mentioned, the acrylonitrile polymer can also consist of mixtures of polyacrylonitrile or a copolymer with from 80 to 99 per cent of acrylonitrile and from 1 to 20 per cent of at least one other >C = C<-containing substance which can be copolymerized with acrylonitrile, with from 2 to 50 wt. calculated on the weight of the mixture of a copolymer of from 10 to 70 percent of at least one other >C=C<-containing polymerizable monomer. When the polymer material comprises a mixture, this mixture may consist of a copolymer of 90 to 98 percent of acrylonitrile and from 2 to 20 percent of another monoolefin monomer, such as vinyl acetate, with a sufficient amount of a copolymer of from 10 to 70 percent of acrylonitrile or N-vinylcarbazole and the like and from 30 to 90 percent of a vinyl-substituted tertiary heterocyclic amine, such as vinylpyridine, methyl-vinylpyridine or 1-vinylimidazole, to form a colorable mixture with a total content of vi- , nyl-substituted tertiary heterocyclic amine from 2 to 10 percent, calculated on the weight of the mixture.
De polymerisater som anvendes ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse kan fremstilles ved hjelp av hvilken som helst kjent poly-meriseringsmetode, f. eks. masse-polymeri-seringsmetoder, oppløsnings-polymerise-ringsmetoder eller metoder for polymeri-sering i vandige emulsjoner. Den fore-trukne metode er en suspensjons-polyme-risering i hvilken polymerisatet fremstilles i findelt form for direkte anvendelse til fremstilling av fibre. Denne polymerise-ring kan utføres chargevis. De monomere blandes da med et vandig medium som inneholder den nødvendige katalysator, samt dispergeringsmidler. En fordelakti-gere metode er en halv-kontinuerlig metode i hvilken polymerisasjons-reaktoren som inneholder det vandige medium gradvis tilføres de ønskede monomere under reak-sjonens forløp. Der kan også brukes helt kontinuerlige metoder hvorved tilsetnin-gen av monomere foregår litt etter litt og polymerisatet fjernes kontinuerlig. The polymers used according to the present invention can be produced using any known polymerization method, e.g. mass polymerization methods, solution polymerization methods or methods for polymerization in aqueous emulsions. The preferred method is a suspension polymerization in which the polymer is prepared in finely divided form for direct use in the production of fibers. This polymerization can be carried out in batches. The monomers are then mixed with an aqueous medium containing the necessary catalyst and dispersants. A more advantageous method is a semi-continuous method in which the polymerization reactor containing the aqueous medium is gradually supplied with the desired monomers during the course of the reaction. Completely continuous methods can also be used, whereby the addition of monomers takes place little by little and the polymerizate is continuously removed.
De mest effektive polymerisater for fremstilling av fibrer er polymerisater som har ensartede fysikalske og kjemiske egenskaper og en forholdsvis høy molekylvekt. Polymerisatene bør ha molekylvekter på minst ca. 10 000 og fortrinnsvis mellom 25 000 og 150 000. The most effective polymers for the production of fibers are polymers that have uniform physical and chemical properties and a relatively high molecular weight. The polymers should have molecular weights of at least approx. 10,000 and preferably between 25,000 and 150,000.
Til fremstilling av produkter ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse kan man bruke apparater som vanlig anvendes til fremstilling av kunstige og syntetiske fibre og spesielt de vanlig anvendte apparater til fremstilling av fibrer og filamenter fra akrylnitril-polymerisatene. Foreliggende oppfinnelse kan anvendes i forbindelse med vanlige metoder for fremstilling av syntetiske filamenter og fibrer, f. eks. ved tørr-spinning og våtspinning. For the production of products according to the present invention, one can use devices which are commonly used for the production of artificial and synthetic fibers and in particular the devices commonly used for the production of fibers and filaments from the acrylonitrile polymers. The present invention can be used in connection with usual methods for the production of synthetic filaments and fibres, e.g. by dry spinning and wet spinning.
Ved tørr- eller våtspinnings-prosessen fremstilles der først en oppløsning av akrylnitril-polymerisatet og det klorholdige polymerisat. Der kan brukes hvilket som helst kjent oppløsningsmiddel for akrylnitril-polymerisater, deriblant, N,N-dimetylacetamid, N,N-dimetylformamid, nitrometan og vann, tris(dimetylamido)-fosfat, N-nitropiperidin, blandinger av etylensulfitt med N,N-dimetylacetamid, N,N-dimetylformamid, og nitrometan og vann, tri(betacyanetyl), nitrometan, tri-klornitropropanol, blandinger av dietyl-fosfat og N,N-dimetylacetamid og N,N-di-metylformamid og lignende, og oppløs-ningsmidler såsom dimetyl-metanfosfonat, gamma-butyrolakton etylenkarbonat og lignende. In the dry or wet spinning process, a solution of the acrylonitrile polymer and the chlorine-containing polymer is first prepared. Any known solvent for acrylonitrile polymers may be used, including N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, nitromethane and water, tris(dimethylamido)-phosphate, N-nitropiperidine, mixtures of ethylene sulfite with N,N- dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, and nitromethane and water, tri(betacyanoethyl), nitromethane, tri-chloronitropropanol, mixtures of diethyl phosphate and N,N-dimethylacetamide and N,N-dimethylformamide and the like, and solvents such as dimethyl methane phosphonate, gamma-butyrolactone ethylene carbonate and the like.
Ved våtspinnings-prosessen ekstrude-res spinneoppløsningen gjennom en eller flere åpninger i spinnhoder som er ned-dykket i et koagulerende medium eller bad. Badet inneholder et stoff som polymerisatet ikke er oppløselig i, men som er et oppløsningsmiddel for eller er blandbart med oppløsningsmidlet i spinneoppløsnin-gen. Badet inneholder en vandig oppløs-ning av et oppløsningsmiddel for det polymerisat som skal spinnes, idet konsentrasjonen av badet er slik at dette oppløs-ningsmiddel ikke oppløser polymerisatet. Ved anvendelse av f. eks. amider som N,N-dimetylformamid, N,N-dimetylacetamid og lignende, kan det vandige koagulasjonsbad inneholde fra 1 til 75 pst. av amidet. In the wet spinning process, the spinning solution is extruded through one or more openings in spinning heads which are immersed in a coagulating medium or bath. The bath contains a substance in which the polymer is not soluble, but which is a solvent for or is miscible with the solvent in the spinning solution. The bath contains an aqueous solution of a solvent for the polymer to be spun, the concentration of the bath being such that this solvent does not dissolve the polymer. When using e.g. amides such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide and the like, the aqueous coagulation bath may contain from 1 to 75 percent of the amide.
Filamentene fjernes fra koagulasjonsbadet og man lar dem passere gjennom et vaskemedium i hvilket de befries for alt resterende oppløsningsmiddel og koa-gulasjonsvæske. Vann foretrekkes som vaskemedium, og det bad som filamentene føres gjennom inneholder vanligvis vann. Vaskemediet kan strømme i medstrøm eller motstrøm til filamentenes bevegel-sesretning gjennom badet. Washington-valser eller lignende apparater kan eventuelt også brukes. Filamentene tørres der-etter og kan eventuelt strekkes i dampatmosfære. The filaments are removed from the coagulation bath and allowed to pass through a washing medium in which they are freed of all remaining solvent and coagulation liquid. Water is preferred as the washing medium, and the bath through which the filaments are passed usually contains water. The washing medium can flow with or against the direction of movement of the filaments through the bath. Washington rollers or similar devices may also be used. The filaments are then dried and can optionally be stretched in a steam atmosphere.
For å orientere polymerisat-moleky-lene i filamentene, særlig når strekning i dampatmosfære ikke er anvendt, strekkes filamentene mens de befinner seg i vaskebadet eller koagulasjonsbadet eller i begge bad. Der kan videre brukes et strekkebad bestående av oppløsningsmidler umiddelbart etter det koagulasjonsbadet hvor filamentenes polymerisatmolekyler orienteres. Det må imidlertid merkes at de betingelser under hvilke strekningen ut-føres i badet som temperatur, størrelse, filamentenes oppholdstid i badet m. m. kan reguleres på kjent måte. Normalt holdes strekke- eller vaskebadet på en temperatur fra 80° til 100° C, mens filamentene ikke forblir i badet mere enn 15 sekunder. In order to orient the polymer molecules in the filaments, especially when stretching in a steam atmosphere has not been used, the filaments are stretched while they are in the washing bath or the coagulation bath or in both baths. A stretching bath consisting of solvents can also be used immediately after the coagulation bath in which the filament polymer molecules are oriented. However, it must be noted that the conditions under which the stretching is carried out in the bath such as temperature, size, the residence time of the filaments in the bath etc. can be regulated in a known manner. Normally, the stretching or washing bath is kept at a temperature of 80° to 100° C, while the filaments do not remain in the bath for more than 15 seconds.
Hvilket som helst oppløsningsmiddel for akrylnitril-polymerisater kan brukes i strekkebadet, som kan omfatte en rekke trinn. Konsentrasjonen av oppløsnings-middel i badet er avhengig av det anvendte oppløsningsmiddels kjemiske egenskaper og av badtemperaturen. Man må selvfølgelig velge en slik konsentrasjon at polymerisatgjenstanden som passerer gjennom oppløsningsmidlet ikke oppløses i dette. Visse oppløsningsmidler kan brukes i høyere konsentrasjoner enn andre. Vanligvis er et strekkebad som inneholder fra 10 til 85 vektpst. oppløsningsmiddel som f. eks. N,N-dimetylacetatamid, N,N-dimetylformamid og lignende, fordelaktig for oppfinnelsens formål. Badet kan ha forskjellig konsentrasjon av oppløsnings-midlet under de forskjellige trinn i strek-keprosessen. Any solvent for acrylonitrile polymers can be used in the stretching bath, which can include a number of steps. The concentration of solvent in the bath depends on the chemical properties of the solvent used and on the bath temperature. One must, of course, choose such a concentration that the polymer material that passes through the solvent does not dissolve in it. Certain solvents can be used in higher concentrations than others. Usually, a stretching bath contains from 10 to 85 wt. solvent such as e.g. N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide and the like, advantageous for the purposes of the invention. The bath can have a different concentration of the solvent during the different stages of the stretching process.
I det følgende beskrives som eksemp-ler noen utførelsesformer for oppfinnelsen. In the following, some embodiments of the invention are described as examples.
Eksempel 1. Example 1.
Der ble fremstillet en rekke spinne-oppløsninger ved å oppløse akrylnitril-polymerisat og klorholdige polymerisater i N,N-dimetylacetat til en totalkonsentra-sjon av polymerisater på 18 pst. Av polymerisatene bestod 16 pst. av det klorholdige polymerisat og 84 pst. av akrylnitrilpolymerisatet. Bestanddelene ble blandet i 45 minutter ved 85° C. 15 denier garn ble våtspunnet i et koagulasjonsbad inneholdende vann og et lite overskudd av N,N-dimetylacetamid og ble strukket omtrent 3 ganger, vasket, tørret, herdet og krym-pet 5 til 6 krympinger pr. cm. Det anvendte akrylnitril-polymerisat besto av en blanding av (A) et sampolymerisat av 94 pst. akrylnitril og 6 pst. vinylacetat og (B) et sampolymerisat av 50 pst. akrylnitril og 50 pst. 2-metyl-5-vinylpyridin, idet nevnte blanding inneholdt 6 pst. 2^metyl-5-vinylpyridin beregnet på blandingens total-vekt. De under (1), (2), (3) og (4) nedenfor angitte materialer ble fremstilt av disse oppløsninger: (1) Filamenter av en polymerisat-blanding inneholdende 95 pst. vinylklorid og 5 pst. dietylmaleat (med en spesifikk viskositet 0,85) og med bruddstyrke på 1,7 g/den samt en forlengelse på 21 pst. (2) Filamenter av en polymerisatblanding inneholdende et sampolymerisat av ca. 90 pst. vinylidenklorid og 10 pst. vinylklorid, med en bruddstyrke på 1,2 g/den og en forlengelse på 12 pst. (3) Filamenter av en polymerisat-blanding inneholdende ca. 80 pst. vinylklorid og ca. 20 pst. vinylidenklorid med en bruddstyrke på 1,5 g/den og en forlengelse på 18 pst. (4) Filamenter av en polymerisatblanding inneholdende et sampolymerisat av 90 pst. vinylidenklorid og ca. 10 pst. akrylnitril med en bruddstyrke på 1,6 g/den og en forlengelse på 21 pst. A number of spinning solutions were prepared by dissolving acrylonitrile polymer and chlorine-containing polymers in N,N-dimethylacetate to a total concentration of polymers of 18 per cent. Of the polymers, 16 per cent consisted of the chlorine-containing polymer and 84 per cent of the acrylonitrile polymer . The ingredients were mixed for 45 minutes at 85° C. 15 denier yarn was wet spun in a coagulation bath containing water and a small excess of N,N-dimethylacetamide and was stretched approximately 3 times, washed, dried, cured and shrunk 5 to 6 shrinkages per cm. The acrylonitrile polymer used consisted of a mixture of (A) a copolymer of 94% acrylonitrile and 6% vinyl acetate and (B) a copolymer of 50% acrylonitrile and 50% 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine, the said mixture contained 6% 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine calculated on the total weight of the mixture. The materials indicated under (1), (2), (3) and (4) below were prepared from these solutions: (1) Filaments of a polymer mixture containing 95% vinyl chloride and 5% diethyl maleate (with a specific viscosity 0.85) and with a breaking strength of 1.7 g/den and an elongation of 21 percent. (2) Filaments of a polymer mixture containing a copolymer of approx. 90 percent vinylidene chloride and 10 percent vinyl chloride, with a breaking strength of 1.2 g/den and an elongation of 12 percent (3) Filaments of a polymer mixture containing approx. 80 percent vinyl chloride and approx. 20% vinylidene chloride with a breaking strength of 1.5 g/den and an elongation of 18% (4) Filaments of a polymer mixture containing a copolymer of 90% vinylidene chloride and approx. 10 percent acrylonitrile with a breaking strength of 1.6 g/den and an elongation of 21 percent.
Der ble også fremstilt filamenter fra en rekke polymerisatblandinger inneholdende 10 pst. klorholdige polymerisater, på følgende måte: (5) Filamenter av en polymerisatblanding inneholdende et sampolymerisat ca. 90 pst. vinylidenklorid og 10 pst. akrylnitril med en bruddstyrke på 1,8 g/d og en forlengelse på 20 pst. (6) Filamenter fra en polymerisat-blanding inneholdende et sampolymerisat av ca. 90 pst. vinylidenklorid og 10 pst. vinylklorid med en bruddstyrke på 1,6 g/d og en forlengelse på 21 pst. (7) Filamenter fra en polymerisat-blanding inneholdende et<1 >sampolymerisat av 90 pst. vinylklorid og 10 pst. vinylidenklorid med en bruddstyrke på 1,8 g/d og en forlengelse på 26 pst. Filaments were also produced from a number of polymer mixtures containing 10% chlorine-containing polymers, as follows: (5) Filaments of a polymer mixture containing a copolymer approx. 90 percent vinylidene chloride and 10 percent acrylonitrile with a breaking strength of 1.8 g/d and an elongation of 20 percent (6) Filaments from a polymer mixture containing a copolymer of approx. 90% vinylidene chloride and 10% vinyl chloride with a breaking strength of 1.6 g/d and an elongation of 21% (7) Filaments from a polymer blend containing a copolymer of 90% vinyl chloride and 10% vinylidene chloride with a breaking strength of 1.8 g/d and an elongation of 26 percent.
De krympete tråder ble tvunnet i 32 tvinninger og derpå foldet 2y2 S. Etter tvinningen ble garnet sydd til tepper med et lerret-underlag. Disse tepper ble utsatt for brennbarhetsforsøk ved å utsette dem for fri flamme. Teppene ble antent av den fri flamme og brente langsomt. På alle forbrente steder dannet der seg en kompakt aske. Kuler av tjæreaktige forbrenningsprodukter viste seg ikke. I tett vevede tepper ble flammene slokket når man fjernet flammen. The shrunk threads were twisted in 32 twists and then folded 2y2 S. After the twisting, the yarn was sewn into carpets with a canvas backing. These carpets were subjected to flammability tests by exposing them to an open flame. The blankets were ignited by the free flame and burned slowly. A compact ash formed in all burnt places. Balls of tarry combustion products did not appear. In tightly woven carpets, the flames were extinguished when the flame was removed.
Eksempel 2. Example 2.
I en annen forsøksrekke ble polymerisatblandinger fremstillet i det vesentlige som angitt i eksempel 1. De anvendte akrylnitril-polymerisater besto av (1) et sampolymerisat av ca. 93 pst. akrylnitril og ca. 7 pst. vinylacetat, og (2) en akrylnitril-polymerisatblanding av (A) et sampolymerisat av 94 pst. akrylnitril og 6 pst. vinylacetat og (B) et sampolymerisat av 50 pst. akrylnitril og 50 pst. 2-metyl-5-vinyl-pyridin, idet nevnte blanding inneholdt 6 pst. 2-metyl-5-vinylpridin beregnet på totalvekten av blandingen. Disse to akrylnitril-polymerisater ble blandet med 5 og 10 pst. av like deler polyvinylklorid og polyvilidenklorid i N,N-dimetyl-acetamid. Filmer og fibre fremstilt av disse oppløsningsblandinger ble utsatt for fri flamme og ga i hvert tilfelle en kompakt aske. Der dannet seg ikke smeltede tjæreaktige kuler. Når filmer og fibre fremstilt fra de samme akrylnitril-polymerisater uten tilsetning av klorholdige polymerisater ble utsatt for fri flamme, forbrente de lett under dannelse av små kuler av smeltede tjæraktige stoffer. In another series of experiments, polymer mixtures were prepared essentially as indicated in example 1. The acrylonitrile polymers used consisted of (1) a copolymer of approx. 93 percent acrylonitrile and approx. 7% vinyl acetate, and (2) an acrylonitrile polymer mixture of (A) a copolymer of 94% acrylonitrile and 6% vinyl acetate and (B) a copolymer of 50% acrylonitrile and 50% 2-methyl-5- vinylpyridine, said mixture containing 6% of 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine calculated on the total weight of the mixture. These two acrylonitrile polymers were mixed with 5 and 10 percent of equal parts of polyvinyl chloride and polyvinylidene chloride in N,N-dimethylacetamide. Films and fibers produced from these solution mixtures were exposed to open flame and in each case produced a compact ash. Molten tar-like globules did not form there. When films and fibers prepared from the same acrylonitrile polymers without the addition of chlorine-containing polymers were exposed to an open flame, they burned readily forming small globules of molten tar-like substances.
Når ovennevnte forsøk ble gjentatt med velkjente flamme-forsinkelsesmidler og midler mot brennbarhet, nemlig med antimontriklorid, antimonoxyd og klorert bifenyl i mengder på opptil 15 pst. i akrylnitril-polymerisat-spinneoppløsningen istedenfor de klorholdige polymerisater, minsket ikke mengden av den smeltede tjære som dannet seg når polymerisatene i fiber- og filmform ble forbrent. Produk-tenes forhold ved forbrenningen lignet disse forhold hos ikke modifiserte akrylnitrilpolymerisater. When the above experiments were repeated with well-known flame retardants and antiflammability agents, namely with antimony trichloride, antimony oxide and chlorinated biphenyl in amounts up to 15 percent in the acrylonitrile polymer spinning solution instead of the chlorine-containing polymers, the amount of molten tar formed did not decrease itself when the polymers in fiber and film form were incinerated. The products' conditions during combustion were similar to those of unmodified acrylonitrile polymers.
Når ovennevnte forsøk ble gjentatt med andre akrylnitril-polymerisater, an- When the above experiments were repeated with other acrylonitrile polymers, an-
dre halogenholdige polymerisater av den her angitte art og i de ovenfor angitte mengder, ble der oppnådd lignende for-bedringer i akrylnitril-polymerisater med henblikk til askedannelsen og forbrenning. Slike polymerisat-blandinger, inn-befattet de som er nevnt i eksemplene, lar seg lett farve og behandle i normale tek-stiloperasjoner. Produktene ifølge oppfinnelsen kan også blandes med andre klor-frie filamenter for fremstilling av for-bedrede og nyttige artikler. halogen-containing polymers of the type indicated here and in the amounts indicated above, similar improvements were achieved in acrylonitrile polymers with regard to ash formation and combustion. Such polymer mixtures, including those mentioned in the examples, can be easily dyed and processed in normal textile operations. The products according to the invention can also be mixed with other chlorine-free filaments to produce improved and useful articles.
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19702020877 DE2020877C (en) | 1970-04-29 | Arrangement for the implementation of emergency stop maneuvers on ships |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO129396B true NO129396B (en) | 1974-04-08 |
Family
ID=5769705
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO01300/71A NO129396B (en) | 1970-04-29 | 1971-04-05 |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5352240Y2 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1337505A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO129396B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE383715B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022094121A1 (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2022-05-05 | Naiad Maritime Group, Inc. | Marine vessel brake assist and stabilization system |
-
1971
- 1971-04-05 NO NO01300/71A patent/NO129396B/no unknown
- 1971-04-28 SE SE7105499A patent/SE383715B/en unknown
- 1971-04-29 GB GB1219271A patent/GB1337505A/en not_active Expired
-
1975
- 1975-12-25 JP JP1975174468U patent/JPS5352240Y2/ja not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2020877B2 (en) | 1971-09-30 |
| GB1337505A (en) | 1973-11-14 |
| SE383715B (en) | 1976-03-29 |
| JPS5179898U (en) | 1976-06-24 |
| JPS5352240Y2 (en) | 1978-12-13 |
| DE2020877A1 (en) | 1971-09-30 |
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