NO129378B - - Google Patents
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- NO129378B NO129378B NO483370A NO483370A NO129378B NO 129378 B NO129378 B NO 129378B NO 483370 A NO483370 A NO 483370A NO 483370 A NO483370 A NO 483370A NO 129378 B NO129378 B NO 129378B
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- Prior art keywords
- oil
- hydrogenated
- fat
- acid
- weight
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- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 claims description 35
- 235000013310 margarine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000003264 margarine Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Brassidinsaeure Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- URXZXNYJPAJJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erucic acid Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O URXZXNYJPAJJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-KTKRTIGZSA-N erucic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 31
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N alpha-linolenic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000020661 alpha-linolenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229960004488 linolenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 5
- KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N linolenic acid Natural products CC=CCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002385 cottonseed oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 description 2
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N Linoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940116364 hard fat Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000020778 linoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N linoleic acid Natural products CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021085 polyunsaturated fats Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000020238 sunflower seed Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009874 alkali refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010512 hydrogenated peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014593 oils and fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019871 vegetable fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Edible Oils And Fats (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
Description
Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av en bordmargarin. Method for producing a table margarine.
Oppfinnelsen vedrører fremstilling av en margarin av sa-kalt bordtype. The invention relates to the production of a so-called table-type margarine.
: Ved fremstilling av margarinprodukter av typen bordmargarin : In the manufacture of margarine products of the table margarine type
av høy klasse anvendes nesten utelukkende vegetabilske fettarter og oljer. of high class, almost exclusively vegetable fats and oils are used.
Spesielt egnet hår herunder jordnøtt- og bomullsfrøoljé vist seg å være, selv som hydrogenert komponent, på grunn av sin natur- Particularly suitable for hair including peanut and cottonseed oil has been shown to be, even as a hydrogenated component, due to its natural
lige frihet for linolensyre. equal freedom for linolenic acid.
Anvendelsen av ikke-liholehsyreholdige ,9!jer' ansees nemlig The use of non-liholic acid-containing '9!jer' is considered namely
å gi årsak til en margarin méd bedre holdbarhet og mindre tendens til smaksfeil enn det er mulig å oppnå med linblsyreholdige oljer, to give rise to a margarine with better durability and less tendency to taste defects than is possible to achieve with oils containing linolenic acid,
som f.eks. soyabønneolje, selv i hydrogenert tilstand. like for example. soybean oil, even in the hydrogenated state.
Jordnøtt- og bomullsfrøolje er imidlertid forholdsvis However, peanut and cottonseed oil are relatively
dyre, og det har derfor vært et ønskemål å kunne finne erv billigere ikke-linolensyreholdig olje med/samme høye kvalitet og anvehdbårhets-egenskaper. expensive, and it has therefore been a wish to be able to find cheaper non-linolenic acid-containing oil with/the same high quality and usability properties.
Solsikkeolje er en slik ikke-linolensyreholdig olje, som lig-ger på et gunstig prisnivå, takket være den kraftige økning av sol-sikke fr ødyrk ing som i de senere år, har funnet sted først"og fremst i de østeuropeiske land. , Sunflower oil is one such oil containing non-linolenic acid, which is at a favorable price level, thanks to the strong increase in sunflower seed cultivation which in recent years has taken place primarily in the Eastern European countries.
Dessverre hører den hydrogener.te solsikkefrøolje til grup- Unfortunately, hydrogenated sunflower seed oil belongs to the group
pen "B-krystalliserende" .oljer,.. dys., den antar direkte eller ved en suksessiv omkrystallisering en krystallstruktur som er karakterisert ved forholdsvis store adskilte krystaller, som i margarin gir seg til kjenne som en konsistensfeil, ■såkalt "sandåktighet", dvs. en kornet struktur som kan påvises mikroskopisk og også gir seg til kjenne orgaholeptisk ved grovhet i konsistensen. pretty "B-crystallizing" .oils,.. dys., it adopts directly or through a successive recrystallization a crystal structure characterized by relatively large separated crystals, which in margarine manifests itself as a consistency defect, ■so-called "sandiness", i.e. a grainy structure that can be detected microscopically and also makes itself known organoleptically by the roughness of the consistency.
De hydrogenerte jordnøtt- og bomullsfrøoljer derimot- hører til de "8'-krystalliserte oljer", dvs. de forblir stabile i en mikro-fin, nålformet krystallform. • ' The hydrogenated peanut and cottonseed oils, on the other hand, belong to the "8'-crystallized oils", i.e. they remain stable in a micro-fine, needle-shaped crystal form. • '
Randomisert omestring av oljer og fett ér en teknikk som tidligere ble anvendt i margarinindustrien. • ' Randomized transesterification of oils and fats is a technique that was previously used in the margarine industry. • '
I britisk patentskrift, nr. 927.534 foreslås det således, å omestre 70-85 % flytende, vegetabilsk olje med 30-15 % hydro- In British patent document No. 927,534 it is thus proposed to transesterify 70-85% liquid vegetable oil with 30-15% hydro-
genert fett. Formålet med dette er å tilveiebringe et egnet basisfett for margarinfremstilling med høyt innhold av flerumettet fett og lavt transsyreinnhold. Flere vegetabilske oljer med høyt linolsyreinnhold foreslås, og disse kan, som ofte i U.S.A., når det gjelder soyaolje, ha vært underkastet en meget lett hydroge- shy fat. The purpose of this is to provide a suitable base fat for margarine production with a high content of polyunsaturated fat and low trans acid content. Several vegetable oils with a high linoleic acid content are proposed, and these may, as is often the case in the USA, in the case of soybean oil, have been subjected to a very light hydroge-
nering for eliminering av linolensyren, uten at oljens flytende karakter forandres. nering for the elimination of the linolenic acid, without changing the liquid nature of the oil.
Basisfettet i henhold til nevnte patent er beregnet for an- .: vendelse som eneste komponent i margarinen. Skulle imidlertid pro-duktet bli for hårdt eller mykt,. kan dette justeres innen visse grenser ved at det blandes inn ytterligere, ikke omestret olje eller hårdt fett, forutsatt at de fastsatte betingelser for innholdet av essensielle,flerumettede,. fettsyrer opprettholdes. The base fat according to the aforementioned patent is intended for use as the only component in the margarine. Should the product be too hard or soft, however. this can be adjusted within certain limits by mixing in additional, non-transesterified oil or hard fat, provided that the stipulated conditions for the content of essential, polyunsaturated, fatty acids are maintained.
I britisk patentskrift nr. 1.212.720 foreslås en lik-nende fremgangsmåte for oppnåelse av en margarin, med høyt innhold av flerumettet fett, hvorved 65^95 % flytende olje omestres korandomisert med 5-35 % hydrogenert olje. I motsetning til det som gjaldt for ovennevnte patent, hydrogeneres hårdfettkomponenten bare til et smeltepunkt på 42-48°C, og det omestrede produkt inn- In British patent document no. 1,212,720, a similar method is proposed for obtaining a margarine, with a high content of polyunsaturated fat, whereby 65-95% liquid oil is transesterified with 5-35% hydrogenated oil. In contrast to what was the case for the above-mentioned patent, the hard fat component is only hydrogenated to a melting point of 42-48°C, and the transesterified product in-
går i den ferdige margarinblanding bare med 45-65 %. goes into the finished margarine mixture only with 45-65%.
I henhold til svensk patentskrift nr. 337.522, som til- According to Swedish patent document no. 337,522, which
svarer GB-PS 1.121.662, er det tidligere kjent at man ved randomisert omestring av solsikkeolje før eller etter hydrogenering kan forbedre dens egenskaper slik at en etterkrystallisering av typen ^B i en margarin forsinkes noe, selv om man ikke helt kan hindre den. responds to GB-PS 1,121,662, it is previously known that, by random transesterification of sunflower oil before or after hydrogenation, its properties can be improved so that a post-crystallization of type ^B in a margarine is somewhat delayed, even if it cannot be completely prevented.
Det har nå overraskende vist seg at man kan oppnå en stabil margarin, som ikke gjennomgår den nevnte etter-krystallisering, i hvert fall ikke innen et rimelig tidsrom, ved at fettfasen fremstilles ved at 20-60 vekt% solsikkeolje som er hydrogenert til et stige-smeltepunkt på mellom 35 og 45°C (JT 80-55) og som deretter er underkastet en korandomisert•omestring med 15-30 %, fortrinns- It has now surprisingly been shown that a stable margarine can be obtained, which does not undergo the aforementioned post-crystallization, at least not within a reasonable period of time, by producing the fat phase by adding 20-60% by weight of sunflower oil which has been hydrogenated to a -melting point of between 35 and 45°C (JT 80-55) and which is then subjected to a corandomized•oesterification with 15-30%, preferably
vis minst 20 %, regnet på vekten av solsikkeoljen, av en annen, vanligvis hydrogenert olje som har stige-smeltepunkt mellom 30 og 50°C, og hvis molekyler inneholder en vesentlig del, 30-70 vekt%, show at least 20%, calculated on the weight of the sunflower oil, of another, usually hydrogenated oil which has a rise-melting point between 30 and 50°C, and whose molecules contain a significant part, 30-70% by weight,
av en karakteristisk fettsyre som med hensyn til karbonkjedelengde avviker fra solsikkeoljens fettsyrer, som har 18 karbonatomer, of a characteristic fatty acid which differs in terms of carbon chain length from sunflower oil's fatty acids, which have 18 carbon atoms,
blandes med 80-40 vekt% flytende olje og eventuelt laurinsyre- mixed with 80-40% by weight liquid oil and possibly lauric acid
holdig fett, f.eks. kokosolje eller palmekjernefett. containing fat, e.g. coconut oil or palm kernel fat.
Eksempler på fettarter som er egnet som tilsetningsolje Examples of fat types that are suitable as additive oil
ved omestringen, er hydrogenert palmeolje, med nærmere 50 % palmitinsyre, som har 16 karbonatomer i kjeden, og rapsolje med 50 % erukasyre, som har 22 karbonatomer i kjeden. by transesterification, is hydrogenated palm oil, with close to 50% palmitic acid, which has 16 carbon atoms in the chain, and rapeseed oil with 50% erucic acid, which has 22 carbon atoms in the chain.
Solsikkeoljens fettsyrer utgjøres for en overveiende del Sunflower oil's fatty acids make up the majority
av linolsyre og oljesyre, dvs. fettsyrer som har 18 karbonatomer i kjeden, ca. 90 % totalt. of linoleic acid and oleic acid, i.e. fatty acids that have 18 carbon atoms in the chain, approx. 90% in total.
Det beste produkt oppnås herunder ved innblanding av 15-30 %, fortrinnsvis minst 20 %, av en rapsolje som er hydrogenert til et stige-smeltepunkt på mellom 30 og 50°C. Bordmargarin, hvor .dette produkt inngår med 35 % i fettfasen, har etter 6 ukers lagring i romtemperatur vist en fullt akseptabel konsistens uten noen tegn på begynnende etterkrystallisering, dvs. "sandaktighet". The best product is obtained below by mixing in 15-30%, preferably at least 20%, of a rapeseed oil which has been hydrogenated to a rising melting point of between 30 and 50°C. Table margarine, where this product comprises 35% in the fat phase, has, after 6 weeks of storage at room temperature, shown a fully acceptable consistency without any signs of incipient post-crystallization, i.e. "sandiness".
Man kan imidlertid variere sammensetningen innen vide You can, however, vary the composition within vide
grenser, og det har vist seg mulig ved innblanding av 20-60 % av den hydrogenerete, korandomisert omestrede komponenten å oppnå utmer- limits, and it has proven possible by mixing in 20-60% of the hydrogenated, corandomized transesterified component to achieve
kede bordmargariner, der den faste fettandelen forblir stabil i B'-krystallisert tilstand under et tilfredsstillende langt tidsrom. table margarines, in which the solid fat portion remains stable in the B'-crystallized state for a satisfactorily long period of time.
Dette er overraskende, da det ikke har kunnet forut- This is surprising, as it has not been possible to predict
sees, og tidligere forsøk med andre fett og blandinger tvertom har vist, at for ikke helt stabile B<1->krystalliserte hydrogenerte fett har omlagjringshastigheten B'—*B i blandinger med flytende oljer økt opp til 15 ganger. can be seen, and earlier experiments with other fats and mixtures have shown, on the contrary, that for not completely stable B<1->crystallized hydrogenated fats, the rate of rearrangement B'—*B in mixtures with liquid oils has increased up to 15 times.
EKSEMPEL 1 EXAMPLE 1
En solsikkeolje som er hydrogenert til jodtallet 69 opp-viste et stige-smeltepunkt på 38°c. A sunflower oil hydrogenated to an iodine number of 69 showed a rising melting point of 38°c.
Det hydrogenerte fett hadde følgende omtrentlige fettsyresammensetning, uttrykt som antall karbonatomer i kjeden (bestemt ved gasskromatografi): C16 7 % The hydrogenated fat had the following approximate fatty acid composition, expressed as the number of carbon atoms in the chain (determined by gas chromatography): C16 7%
C18 90 % C18 90%
C20 1 % C20 1%
C22 2 % C22 2%
Fettet ble omestret ved 90°C med 0, 3 % natriummetylat som katalysator. The fat was transesterified at 90°C with 0.3% sodium methylate as catalyst.
Etter fullstendig randomisering av fettsyrefordelingen ble reaksjonen avbrutt ved nøytralisering med foaforsyre, etterfylgt av vanlig alkaliraffinering. After complete randomization of the fatty acid distribution, the reaction was terminated by neutralization with phophoric acid, followed by ordinary alkali refining.
Dilatasjonen, uttrykt i mm 3/g i henhold til DGF nr.c IV 3e viste følgende verdier før og etter omestring. The dilatation, expressed in mm 3/g according to DGF no.c IV 3e, showed the following values before and after transesterification.
Krystallformen under forlenget lagring ved romtemperatur ble undersøkt med røntgenkamera ifølge Quinier, hvorunder følgende resultat ble oppnådd: The crystal form during prolonged storage at room temperature was examined with an X-ray camera according to Quinier, during which the following result was obtained:
EKSEMPEL 2 EXAMPLE 2
En fettblanding bestående av 80 % hydrogenert solsikkeolje (som i eksempel 1) og 20 % palmeolje, ble omestret som angitt i følgende eksempel. A fat mixture consisting of 80% hydrogenated sunflower oil (as in Example 1) and 20% palm oil was transesterified as indicated in the following example.
Følgende data ble oppnådd: The following data were obtained:
Istedenfor den i eksempelet anvendte palmeolje kan også hydrogenert palmeolje anvendes. Instead of the palm oil used in the example, hydrogenated palm oil can also be used.
EKSEMPEL 3 EXAMPLE 3
En blanding bestående av 80 % av samme hydrogenerte solsikkeolje som ble anvendt i de foregående eksempler, og 20 % rapsolje, som er hydrogenert til et stige-smeltepunkt på 40°c ble omestret som angitt ovenfor. A mixture consisting of 80% of the same hydrogenated sunflower oil used in the previous examples, and 20% rapeseed oil, which has been hydrogenated to a rising melting point of 40°c was re-esterified as indicated above.
Herunder ble oppnådd et sluttprodukt med følgende data: A final product with the following data was obtained below:
EKSEMPEL 4 EXAMPLE 4
En fettblanding bestående av: A fat mixture consisting of:
25 % kokosolje 25% coconut oil
35 % prøvefett 35% sample fat
40 % soyabønneolje 40% soybean oil
anvendes ved fremstilling av en serie bordmargariner. used in the production of a series of table margarines.
Som prøvefett anvendes herunder: The following are used as test greases:
1. 100 % hydrogenert solsikkeolje ifølge eksempel 1. 1. 100% hydrogenated sunflower oil according to example 1.
2. 100 % hydrogenert, omestret solsikkeolje ifølge eksempel 1. 3. En omestret blanding av 80 % solsikkeolje og 20 % hydrogenert rapsolje ifølge eksempel 3. 2. 100% hydrogenated, transesterified sunflower oil according to example 1. 3. A transesterified mixture of 80% sunflower oil and 20% hydrogenated rapeseed oil according to example 3.
Prøver av margarin av disse tre typer ble lagret i 6 uker Samples of margarine of these three types were stored for 6 weeks
ved forskjellige temperaturer. at different temperatures.
Utseendet ble bedømt til forskjellige tider ifølge følgende skala: Appearance was rated at different times according to the following scale:
B = ingen synlige korn B = no visible grains
F = finkornet F = fine-grained
G = grovkornet G = coarse grain
Resultat: Result:
De fettblandinger som ble anvendt til disse tre prøvemarga-riner ble lagret ved romtemperatur, og krystallpakningen ble bestemt med røntgenkamera som i de foregående eksempler. The fat mixtures used for these three test margarines were stored at room temperature, and the crystal packing was determined with an X-ray camera as in the previous examples.
Følgende resultat ble oppnådd: The following results were obtained:
Prøvefett 3 hadde følgende fettsyresammensetning, bestemt Sample fat 3 had the following fatty acid composition, determined
med gasskromatografi (:1 angir at en umettet dobbeltbinding fore-ligger i karbonkjeden) with gas chromatography (:1 indicates that an unsaturated double bond is present in the carbon chain)
C12 1 % C12 1%
C14 1 % C14 1%
C16 7 % C16 7%
C16:1 0,5% C16:1 0.5%
C18 14 % C18 14%
C18:1 61 % C18:1 61%
C20 1 % C20 1%
C20:l 2 % C20:l 2%
C22 2 % C22 2%
C22:l 10 % C22:l 10%
C24 0,5 % C24 0.5%
EKSEMPEL 5 EXAMPLE 5
For å undersøke systemets stabilitet under varierende mengdeforhold ble det fremstilt en fettblanding som besto av: In order to investigate the stability of the system under varying quantity conditions, a fat mixture was prepared which consisted of:
10 % kokosolje 10% coconut oil
55 % prøvefett 55% sample fat
35 % soyaolje 35% soybean oil
Prøvefettet for dette eksempel ble fremstilt av en hydrogenert solsikkeolje som hadde et smeltepunkt på 36°C. 80 % av den- The sample grease for this example was prepared from a hydrogenated sunflower oil having a melting point of 36°C. 80% of the
ne hydrogenerte solsikkeolje ble omestret med 20 % hydrogenert rapsolje av samme type som ble anvendt i eksempel 3, dvs. med et smeltepunkt på 40°c. ne hydrogenated sunflower oil was transesterified with 20% hydrogenated rapeseed oil of the same type as used in example 3, i.e. with a melting point of 40°c.
Ovennevnte fettblanding ble lagret ved romtemperatur i 6 The above fat mixture was stored at room temperature for 6
uker, og krystallpakkingen ble bestemt med røntgenkamera som angitt i de foregående eksempler etter ett døgn, 1, 2, 4 og 6 uker. Krystallformen forble stabil i B<1>, og det kunne ikke iakttas noen weeks, and the crystal packing was determined with an X-ray camera as indicated in the previous examples after one day, 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks. The crystal form remained stable in B<1>, and none could be observed
som helst tegn på begynnende omvandling B ' - > B. any sign of incipient transformation B ' - > B.
En margarin som ble laget av fettblandingen, ble lagret i A margarine made from the fat mixture was stored in
6 uker ved henholdsvis 5, 10, 15 og 20°c og ble bedømt visuelt. 6 weeks at 5, 10, 15 and 20°c respectively and was assessed visually.
Det kunne ikke iakttas noen som helst synlige korn. Organoleptisk No visible grains could be observed. Organoleptic
var margarinene tilfredsstillende, slik at det ikke kunne merkes "grovhet" eller grynethet av et smaksteam på 5 personer. were the margarines satisfactory, so that no "roughness" or grittiness could be felt by a tasting team of 5 people.
Samme resultat ble oppnådd med en fettblanding som besto, The same result was obtained with a fat mixture consisting,
av 60 % prøvefett og 40 % soyaolje, hvor prøvefettet var av samme type som ble anvendt i eksempel 3, dvs. hadde et smeltepunkt på 38°c. of 60% sample fat and 40% soya oil, where the sample fat was of the same type as used in example 3, i.e. had a melting point of 38°c.
Konsistensen til denne margarin ble dog bedømt som "salve-aktig" eller "tykk", hvilket berodde på fravær av kokosolje. Det kunne imidlertid ikke iakttas noen som helst "sandaktighet". However, the consistency of this margarine was judged to be "ointment-like" or "thick", which was due to the absence of coconut oil. However, no "sandiness" could be observed.
EKSEMPEL 6 EXAMPLE 6
For ytterligere å prøve fettkomponentens anvendbarhet i bordmargarinblandinger ble det fremstilt et prøvefett i henhold til oppfinnelsen av en hydrogenert solsikkeolje som hadde et stige-smeltepunkt på 41°c og som var omestret med en hydrogenert rapsolje, med smeltepunkt 40°C, i forholdet 80:20. In order to further test the applicability of the fat component in table margarine mixtures, a test fat was prepared according to the invention from a hydrogenated sunflower oil which had a rising melting point of 41°C and which was transesterified with a hydrogenated rapeseed oil, with a melting point of 40°C, in a ratio of 80: 20.
Det ble fremstilt en margarinfettblanding av: A margarine fat mixture was produced from:
25 % kokosolje 25% coconut oil
20 % av ovenstående prøvefett 20% of the above sample fat
55 % soyaolje 55% soybean oil
Etter lagring i 6 uker viste en røntgenkrystallografisk undersøkelse at fettets krystaller forelå helt og holdent i B<1->form. After storage for 6 weeks, an X-ray crystallographic examination showed that the fat's crystals were entirely in the B<1-> form.
Margarinen som ble fremstilt av fettblandingen, var en ut-preget kjøleskapsmargarin, dvs. den hadde på grunn av den høye flytende andel et lavt smeltepunkt. Til tross for dette viste margarinen seg å være meget stabil, og ved lagring i 6 uker ved temperaturer mellom 5 og 20°C kunne det ikke iakttas noen synlige korn. Organoleptisk viste margarinen en hurtig og jevn smeltning, uten den minste tendens til "grovhet" eller "sandaktighet". The margarine produced from the fat mixture was a distinct refrigerator margarine, i.e. it had a low melting point due to the high liquid content. Despite this, the margarine proved to be very stable, and when stored for 6 weeks at temperatures between 5 and 20°C, no visible grains could be observed. Organoleptically, the margarine showed a rapid and uniform melting, without the slightest tendency to "coarseness" or "sandiness".
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO483370A NO129378B (en) | 1969-03-27 | 1970-12-16 |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE431169 | 1969-03-27 | ||
| NO115070A NO128389B (en) | 1970-03-25 | 1970-03-25 | |
| NO483370A NO129378B (en) | 1969-03-27 | 1970-12-16 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO129378B true NO129378B (en) | 1974-04-08 |
Family
ID=27352543
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO483370A NO129378B (en) | 1969-03-27 | 1970-12-16 |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| NO (1) | NO129378B (en) |
-
1970
- 1970-12-16 NO NO483370A patent/NO129378B/no unknown
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