NO124342B - - Google Patents
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- NO124342B NO124342B NO0894/69A NO89469A NO124342B NO 124342 B NO124342 B NO 124342B NO 0894/69 A NO0894/69 A NO 0894/69A NO 89469 A NO89469 A NO 89469A NO 124342 B NO124342 B NO 124342B
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- oscillator
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- coupling
- diode
- capacity
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- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000036848 Porzana carolina Species 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/18—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising distributed inductance and capacitance
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
- H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
- H03B5/1203—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device the amplifier being a single transistor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
- H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
- H03B5/1231—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device the amplifier comprising one or more bipolar transistors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
- H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
- H03B5/1237—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator
- H03B5/124—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator the means comprising a voltage dependent capacitance
- H03B5/1243—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator the means comprising a voltage dependent capacitance the means comprising voltage variable capacitance diodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/18—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising distributed inductance and capacitance
- H03B5/1841—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising distributed inductance and capacitance the frequency-determining element being a strip line resonator
- H03B5/1847—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising distributed inductance and capacitance the frequency-determining element being a strip line resonator the active element in the amplifier being a semiconductor device
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of oscillators covered by H03B
- H03B2200/003—Circuit elements of oscillators
- H03B2200/004—Circuit elements of oscillators including a variable capacitance, e.g. a varicap, a varactor or a variable capacitance of a diode or transistor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of oscillators covered by H03B
- H03B2200/003—Circuit elements of oscillators
- H03B2200/004—Circuit elements of oscillators including a variable capacitance, e.g. a varicap, a varactor or a variable capacitance of a diode or transistor
- H03B2200/0042—Circuit elements of oscillators including a variable capacitance, e.g. a varicap, a varactor or a variable capacitance of a diode or transistor the capacitance diode being in the feedback path
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B2201/00—Aspects of oscillators relating to varying the frequency of the oscillations
- H03B2201/02—Varying the frequency of the oscillations by electronic means
- H03B2201/0208—Varying the frequency of the oscillations by electronic means the means being an element with a variable capacitance, e.g. capacitance diode
Landscapes
- Inductance-Capacitance Distribution Constants And Capacitance-Resistance Oscillators (AREA)
Description
Oscillatorkopling for ultrahøyfrekvente svingninger. Oscillator coupling for ultra-high frequency oscillations.
Oppfinnelsen angår en oscillatorkopling for ultrahoyfrekvente svingninger, med en transistor i felles-basiskopling hvis kollektor er forbundet med en ved hjelp av en kapasitetsdiode avstembar oscillatorkrets, og med en tilbakekoplingsvei som inneholder en andre kapasitetsdiode hvis kapasitet ved avstemning av oscillator- The invention relates to an oscillator coupling for ultra-high-frequency oscillations, with a transistor in common-base coupling whose collector is connected to an oscillator circuit tunable by means of a capacitance diode, and with a feedback path containing a second capacitance diode whose capacitance when tuning the oscillator-
koplingen styres i samme retning som den forste kapasitetsdiode. the connection is controlled in the same direction as the first capacitance diode.
Oscillatorkoplinger med en oscillatorkrets Oscillator couplings with an oscillator circuit
som avstemmes ved hjelp av en diode hvis kapasitet er styrbar, har den ulempe at resonansmotstanden for oscillatorkretsen er meget mindre for de lavere frekvenser enn for de hoyere frekvenser. Dette har til fol- which is tuned by means of a diode whose capacity can be controlled, has the disadvantage that the resonant resistance of the oscillator circuit is much smaller for the lower frequencies than for the higher frequencies. This results in
ge at koplingen enten svinger godt ved hoyere frekvenser, men opp- means that the coupling either oscillates well at higher frequencies, but up-
horer å svinge ved de lavere frekvenser, eller svinger godt ved de should oscillate at the lower frequencies, or oscillates well at them
lavere frekvenser, men ved avstemning på hoyere frekvenser opptrer det oversvingninger. lower frequencies, but when tuning at higher frequencies overshoots occur.
For å unngå denne ulempe er det i den ovenfor nevnte kopling anordnet en tilbakekoplingsvei med en kapasitetsdiode hvis kapasitet endrer seg på sådan måte med avstemningen at ved avstemning til hoyere frekvenser får kapasitetsdioden i tilbakekoplingsveien bare liten kapasitet og ved avstemning i retning av de lavere frekvenser får diodens kapasitet en storre okning. Kapasitetsdioden In order to avoid this disadvantage, a feedback path with a capacity diode is arranged in the above-mentioned connection, the capacity of which changes with the tuning in such a way that when tuning to higher frequencies the capacity diode in the feedback path only gets a small capacity and when tuning in the direction of the lower frequencies gets the diode's capacity a larger increase. The capacitance diode
i tilbakekoplingsveien endres således i samme retning som kapasiteten av kapasitetsdioden i oscillatorkretsen. Ved endring av avstemningen i retning av de lavere frekvenser hvorved resonansmotstanden i oscillatorkretsen og dermed oscillatorspenningen avtar, vil derimot admit-tansen for tilbakekoplingsveien oke slik at det unngås at oscillatoren opphorer å svinge. in the feedback path thus changes in the same direction as the capacity of the capacity diode in the oscillator circuit. By changing the tuning in the direction of the lower frequencies, whereby the resonant resistance in the oscillator circuit and thus the oscillator voltage decreases, the admittance for the feedback path will, on the other hand, increase so that the oscillator is prevented from ceasing to oscillate.
Det har imidlertid vist seg at ved en slik oscillatorkopling er oscillatorfrekvensen sterkt temperaturavhengig ved avstemning til de hoyere frekvenser av avstemningsområdet. Ved en UHF-oscillatorkopling for anvendelse i en fjernsyns-UHF-avstemningsenhet, hvor avstemningsområdet for oscillatoren strekker seg fra ca. 500 MHz til ca. 900 MHz, visar det sog at ved avstamning på 900 MHz kan det opptre en frekvensforskyvning på ca. 3 til 5 MHz pr. 15°C, hvilket er utillatelig stor frekvensendring for fjernsynsmottakning. However, it has been shown that with such an oscillator coupling, the oscillator frequency is strongly temperature dependent when tuning to the higher frequencies of the tuning range. In the case of a UHF oscillator coupling for use in a television UHF tuning unit, where the tuning range of the oscillator extends from approx. 500 MHz to approx. 900 MHz, it also shows that with descent at 900 MHz, a frequency shift of approx. 3 to 5 MHz per 15°C, which is an unacceptably large frequency change for television reception.
Hensikten med oppfinnelsen er å tilveiebringe en oscillatorkopling hvor den nevnte ulempe unngås, og det skjer ifolge oppfinnelsen ved at den andre kapasitetsdiode danner en del av en i tilbakekoplingsveien liggende parallellsvingkrets som ved avstemning av oscillatorkoplingen til de hoyere frekvenser av avstemningsområdet, i det minste tilnærmet er i resonans med frekvensen av den av oscillatorkoplingen frembrakte svingning. The purpose of the invention is to provide an oscillator coupling where the mentioned disadvantage is avoided, and this happens according to the invention by the second capacitor diode forming part of a parallel oscillator circuit lying in the feedback path which, when tuning the oscillator coupling to the higher frequencies of the tuning range, is at least approximately in resonance with the frequency of the oscillation produced by the oscillator coupling.
Til grunn for oppfinnelsen ligger den erkjennelse at ved en UHF-oscillatorkopling vil oscillatorfrekvensen ikke bare være bestemt av oscillatorkretsen som er tilsluttet kollektoren i transistoren, men også av transistorens stromforsterkningsfaktor a,særlig f asef orskyvningen <|> a for forsterkningsfaktoren. Det har imidlertid vist seg at stromforsterkningsfaktoren ved liten kollektorstrom bare er lite temperaturavhengig, men ved stor kollektorstrom f ved en transistor av typen BF l8l er f.eks. abrommen over 2 mA) er stromfor-sterkningsf aktoren sterkt temperaturavhengige Ved den innledningsvis nevnte oscillatorkopling vil den sberke frekvens forskyvning ved avstemning til hoyere frekvenser, være forårsaket av at de i transistoren opptredende kollektorstromtopper når inn i det område i hvilket stromforsterkningsfaktoren er sterkt temperaturavhengig. Dette forårsakes av den kjennsgjerning at koplingen ved hoyere frekvenser er for sterkt tilbakekoplet gjennom kapasiteten av kapasitetsdioden i tilbakekoplingsveien, og denne virkning forsterkes ved seriespredningsinduktiviteten i tilbakekoplingsveien som ikke er til å unngå ved de hoyere oscillatorfrekvenser. Ved en UHF-oscillatorkopling for anvendelse i en UHF-avstemningsenhet i en fjernsynsmot-taker, kan kapasiteten av kapasitetsdioden i tilbakekoplingsveien ved avstemning av oscillatoren f.eks. på $ 00 MHz, være 2,5 pF, hvilken kapasitet gir en kapasitiv reaktans på 7° Ohm. Den minste lengde som kan oppnås av tilbakekoplingsveien er ca. 1 cm og denne lengde tilsvarer en induktivitet på ca. 0,01 <y>uH. Denne induktivitet har ved $ 00 MHz en induktiv reaktans på 57 Ohm, slik at den nevnte kapasitive reaktans i tilbakekoplingsveien ved <J00 MHz bare er 13 Ohm, hvilket tilsvarer en kapasitet på ca. 14 pF. The invention is based on the realization that with a UHF oscillator connection, the oscillator frequency will not only be determined by the oscillator circuit which is connected to the collector in the transistor, but also by the transistor's current amplification factor a, especially the phase shift <|> a for the amplification factor. However, it has been shown that the current amplification factor at small collector currents is only slightly dependent on temperature, but at large collector currents f for a transistor of the type BF l8l is e.g. abroom above 2 mA) the current amplification factor is strongly temperature dependent In the initially mentioned oscillator coupling, the weak frequency shift when tuning to higher frequencies will be caused by the collector current peaks appearing in the transistor reaching the area in which the current amplification factor is strongly temperature dependent. This is caused by the fact that the coupling at higher frequencies is too strongly fed back through the capacity of the capacitance diode in the feedback path, and this effect is amplified by the series spread inductance in the feedback path which cannot be avoided at the higher oscillator frequencies. In the case of a UHF oscillator connection for use in a UHF tuning unit in a television receiver, the capacitance of the capacitance diode in the feedback path when tuning the oscillator can e.g. of $ 00 MHz, be 2.5 pF, which capacity gives a capacitive reactance of 7° Ohm. The minimum length that can be achieved by the feedback path is approx. 1 cm and this length corresponds to an inductance of approx. 0.01 <y>uH. This inductance has at $ 00 MHz an inductive reactance of 57 Ohms, so that the aforementioned capacitive reactance in the feedback path at <J00 MHz is only 13 Ohms, which corresponds to a capacity of approx. 14 pF.
Ved forholdsregelsen ifolge oppfinnelsen vil reaktansen i tilbakekoplingsveien ved avstemning til hoyere frekvenser oke i vesentlig grad, slik at det unngås at de i transistoren opptredende kollektorstromtopper kan nå inn i det område i hvilket forsterkningsfaktoren er sterkt temperaturavhengig. På denne måte minskes på virksom måte oscillatorens frekvensforskyvning. Ved en i praksis gunstig oscillatorkopling ifolge oppfinnelsen viste det seg at frekvensforskyvningen ved 9°0 MHz praktisk talt var fullstendig forsvunnet og at frekvensforskyvningen over hele avstemningsområdet ikke var mere enn MHz pr. 15°C. With the precaution according to the invention, the reactance in the feedback path when tuning to higher frequencies will increase to a significant extent, so that it is avoided that the collector current peaks appearing in the transistor can reach into the area in which the amplification factor is strongly dependent on temperature. In this way, the oscillator's frequency shift is effectively reduced. With a practically favorable oscillator coupling according to the invention, it turned out that the frequency shift at 9°0 MHz had practically completely disappeared and that the frequency shift over the entire tuning range was no more than MHz per 15°C.
Et utforelseseksempel på oppfinnelsen skal forklares nærmere under henvisning til tegningen, som viser et kop-lingsskjema for en oscillatorkopling ifolge oppfinnelsen. An embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing, which shows a connection diagram for an oscillator connection according to the invention.
Oscillatorkoplingen inneholder en transistor 1 hvis basis gjennom en forholdsvis stor kondensator 2 er jordet. The oscillator coupling contains a transistor 1 whose base is grounded through a relatively large capacitor 2.
Basisen er videre gjennom en motstand 3 forbundet med den positive klemme av en likespenningskilde for innstilling av transistorens arbeidspunkt. Transistorens 1 kollektor er gjennom en kondensator 4 forbundet med en oscillatorkrets som inneholder et -<*>£- -lednings-stykke 5 hvis ene ende. er forbundet med jord og hvis andre ende er forbundet med anoden i en kapasitetsdiode 6. Katoden i dioden 6 er gjennom en kondensator 7 på f.eks. 13 pF forbundet med jord. Katoden i dioden 6 er dessuten gjennom en motstand 8 forbundet-med en inn-stillbar likespenning Uv, ved hjelp av hvilken kapasiteten i dioden 6 og dermed avstemningen av oscillatorkretsen som dannes av ledningsstykket 5> kapasitetsdioden 6 og kondensatoren 7» kan innstilles. The base is further connected through a resistor 3 to the positive terminal of a DC voltage source for setting the transistor's operating point. The collector of the transistor 1 is connected through a capacitor 4 to an oscillator circuit which contains a -<*>£- -line piece 5 one end of which. is connected to earth and whose other end is connected to the anode in a capacitance diode 6. The cathode in the diode 6 is through a capacitor 7 of e.g. 13 pF connected to ground. The cathode in the diode 6 is also connected through a resistor 8 to an adjustable direct voltage Uv, by means of which the capacity in the diode 6 and thus the tuning of the oscillator circuit formed by the wire piece 5, the capacity diode 6 and the capacitor 7" can be set.
Eh méd ledningsstykket 5 forbundet kondensator 9 tjener til justering av oscillatorkretsen. Eh méd the wire piece 5 connected capacitor 9 serves to adjust the oscillator circuit.
For å bringe koplingen til å svinge er for-bindelsespunktet mellom dioden 6 og kondensatoren 7 gjennom en tilbakekoplingsvei som er dannet av en andre kapasitetsdiode 10, en kondensator 11 på f.eks. 12 pF og en forholdsvis stor kondensator 12, forbundet med emitteren i transistoren 1. Anoden i dioden 10 er ved hjelp av en motstand 13 for likespenning forbundet med jord. Da katoden i kapasitetsdioden 10 har den samme innstillbare spenning Uv som katoden i kapasitetsdioden 6, vil kapasiteten av dioden 10 ved avstemning endres i samme retning som kapasiteten av dioden 6. Der-ved oppnås at ved avstemning til hoyere frekvenser i avstemningsområdet,blir oscillatoren bare lite tilbakekoplet, men ved avstem- In order to make the coupling oscillate, the connection point between the diode 6 and the capacitor 7 is through a feedback path formed by a second capacity diode 10, a capacitor 11 of e.g. 12 pF and a relatively large capacitor 12, connected to the emitter of the transistor 1. The anode in the diode 10 is connected to earth by means of a resistor 13 for direct voltage. As the cathode in the capacity diode 10 has the same adjustable voltage Uv as the cathode in the capacity diode 6, the capacity of the diode 10 will change in the same direction as the capacity of the diode 6 upon tuning. Thereby, it is achieved that when tuning to higher frequencies in the tuning range, the oscillator only becomes little feedback, but at tuning
ning til de lavere frekvenser blir tilbakekoplingen meget storre. ning to the lower frequencies, the feedback becomes much greater.
For at frekvensforskyvning ved avstemning til de hoyere frekvenser skal minskes i vesentlig grad er kapasitetsdioden 10 og kondensatoren 11 parallellkoplet med en induktivitet 14 som kan bestå av en enkel trådsloyfe. Induktiviteten 14 danner sam-men med kapasitetsdioden 10 og kondensatoren 11 en parallellsvingekrets som er dimensjonert slik at ved avstemning til hoyere frekvenser' i avstemningsområdet eller i nærheten av dette opptrer det resonans med oscillatorfrekvensen. For disse hoyere frekvenser er således tilbakekoplingsveien som består av-elementene 10, 11, 12 og 14 hoy-ohmig slik at den tilbakekopling som er nodvendig for at oscillatoren skal virke hovedsakelig skjer gjennom transistorens indre kollektor-emitterkapasitet. På den innledningsvis beskrevne måte oppnås der-ved en vesentlig reduksjon av frekvensforskyvningen. In order for the frequency shift during tuning to the higher frequencies to be significantly reduced, the capacitance diode 10 and the capacitor 11 are connected in parallel with an inductance 14 which can consist of a simple wire loop. The inductance 14 forms, together with the capacity diode 10 and the capacitor 11, a parallel oscillator circuit which is dimensioned so that when tuning to higher frequencies in the tuning range or close to it, resonance occurs with the oscillator frequency. For these higher frequencies, the feedback path consisting of the elements 10, 11, 12 and 14 is therefore high-resistive so that the feedback necessary for the oscillator to work mainly occurs through the transistor's internal collector-emitter capacity. In the manner described at the outset, a substantial reduction of the frequency shift is thereby achieved.
I utforelseseksemplet sorger kondensatoren 11 for at induktiviteten 14 som er forbundet med reguleringsspenningen Uv, for likespenning er skilt fra anoden i kapasitetsdioden 10 som ■ for likespenning er jordet. På samme måte sorger kondensatoren 12 In the exemplary embodiment, the capacitor 11 ensures that the inductance 14, which is connected to the regulation voltage Uv, for direct voltage is separated from the anode in the capacitance diode 10, which ■ for direct voltage is grounded. In the same way, the capacitor 12 grieves
for et likespenningsskille mellom induktiviteten 14. og emitterelek-troden i transistoren 1. Det skal bemerkes at det også er mulig å legge kondensatoren 11 eller kondensatoren 12 i sloyfen 14.. for a direct voltage separation between the inductance 14. and the emitter electrode in the transistor 1. It should be noted that it is also possible to place the capacitor 11 or the capacitor 12 in the coil 14..
Mens resonanskretsen 10,- 11, 14 ved de hoyere frekvenser av avstemningsområdet. er tilnærmet i resonans med oscilla-torf rekvensen, må det sbrges for at for de lavere frekvenser av avstemningsområdet må denne krets ha en kapasitiv impedans for oscillatorfrekvensen, slik Sb tilbakekoplingsveien har den nodvendige fase-forskyvning for opprettholdelse av svingningen. Dette betyr at ved endring av avstemningen, må resonansfrekvensen for kretsen 10,11,14 endre seg hurtigere enn resonansfrekvensen for oscillatorkretsen 5,6, 7. Dette kan på enkel måte oppnås ved et riktig valg av koplingsele-mentene f.eks. ved at oscillatorkretsen belastes med tilstrekkelig parallellkapasitet (kondensatoren0/) , eller ved egnet valg av serie-kapasiteter (7 og 11) i de to kretser. While the resonant circuit 10, - 11, 14 at the higher frequencies of the tuning range. is approximately in resonance with the oscillator frequency, it must be ensured that for the lower frequencies of the tuning range this circuit must have a capacitive impedance for the oscillator frequency, so that the Sb feedback path has the necessary phase shift to maintain the oscillation. This means that when the tuning is changed, the resonance frequency for the circuit 10,11,14 must change faster than the resonance frequency for the oscillator circuit 5,6,7. This can be easily achieved by a correct choice of the coupling elements, e.g. by the oscillator circuit being loaded with sufficient parallel capacity (the capacitor 0/), or by suitable selection of series capacities (7 and 11) in the two circuits.
Da den viste kopling samtidig virker som blande-trinn tilfores emitteren i transistoren 1 en signalspenning som skal blandes med oscillatorsvingningene. Denne signalspenning stammer f. eks. fra et båndfilter hvis sekundærkrets dannes av et lednings-stykke 15, en kapasitetsdiode 16 og en seriekondensator ^7 • Inngans-signalet tilfores denne krets f.eks. induktivt. En i emitterledningen liggende koplingssloyfe 18 som er induktivt koplet med ledningsstykket 15, overforer signalet til emitteren. Den ende av koplingssloyfen 18 som ligger lengst fra emitteren er gjennom en motstand 19 og en av-koplingskondensator 20 forbundet med jord. Eventuelt kan koplingssloyfen 18 også fores langs ledningsstykket 5 i oscillatorkretsen slik at det foruten den kapasitive tilbakekopling gjennom dioden 10 også oppnås en induktiv tilbakekopling. Since the connection shown also acts as a mixing stage, the emitter of transistor 1 is supplied with a signal voltage which is to be mixed with the oscillator oscillations. This signal voltage originates, e.g. from a bandpass filter whose secondary circuit is formed by a piece of wire 15, a capacity diode 16 and a series capacitor ^7 • The input signal is supplied to this circuit, e.g. inductively. A coupling sloyfe 18 lying in the emitter line, which is inductively coupled with the line piece 15, transmits the signal to the emitter. The end of the coupling loop 18 which is farthest from the emitter is through a resistor 19 and a decoupling capacitor 20 connected to earth. Optionally, the coupling loop 18 can also be routed along the wire section 5 in the oscillator circuit so that, in addition to the capacitive feedback through the diode 10, an inductive feedback is also achieved.
Den på katoden i kapasitetsdiodene 6 og 10 påtrykte avstemningsspenning U tilfores gjennom en motstand 21 til katoden i kapasitetsdioden 16, slik at avstemningen av båndfilterkretsen 15,16, 17 endres samtidig med avstemningen av oscillatorkretsen 5,6,7. The tuning voltage U applied to the cathode in the capacitance diodes 6 and 10 is supplied through a resistor 21 to the cathode in the capacitance diode 16, so that the tuning of the bandpass filter circuit 15,16, 17 changes simultaneously with the tuning of the oscillator circuit 5,6,7.
Det i transistoren 1 frembrakte mellomfrekvens-signal kan tas fra utgangsklemmen 22 som er forbundet med transistorens kollektor. Den for riktig virkning av transistoren nodvendige kollektor-likespenning tilfores likeledes klemmen 22. The intermediate frequency signal produced in the transistor 1 can be taken from the output terminal 22 which is connected to the collector of the transistor. The collector DC voltage required for the correct operation of the transistor is also supplied to terminal 22.
Claims (2)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL686803054A NL153037B (en) | 1968-03-04 | 1968-03-04 | OSCILLATOR SWITCH FOR ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY ELECTRICAL VIBRATIONS. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO124342B true NO124342B (en) | 1972-04-04 |
Family
ID=19802933
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO0894/69A NO124342B (en) | 1968-03-04 | 1969-03-03 |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (1) | AT292784B (en) |
| BE (1) | BE729301A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1906943B2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK119519B (en) |
| ES (1) | ES364283A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2003205A1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL153037B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO124342B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE335754B (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3723906A (en) * | 1971-02-26 | 1973-03-27 | Zenith Radio Corp | Uhf oscillator |
| NL161935C (en) * | 1973-09-21 | 1980-03-17 | Schrader Elect Nv | ELECTRICALLY TUNABLE AMPLIFIER CHAIN. |
| DE2558120C3 (en) * | 1975-12-23 | 1981-09-17 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt | Transistor oscillator |
| GB1593723A (en) * | 1977-03-14 | 1981-07-22 | Lignes Telegraph Telephon | Ultra high frequency oscillators |
| FR2419609A1 (en) | 1978-03-07 | 1979-10-05 | Thomson Csf | "THREE-DOOR" OSCILLATOR, ELECTRONICALLY TUNABLE ON A VERY LARGE FREQUENCY BAND |
| FR2494929B1 (en) * | 1980-11-27 | 1986-04-11 | Orega Electro Mecanique | TRANSISTOR MICROWAVE OSCILLATOR, TUNABLE BY TENSION |
| FR2625051B1 (en) * | 1987-12-18 | 1990-04-20 | Thomson Hybrides Microondes | DOUBLE FREQUENCY OSCILLATOR, TUNED BY VARACTORS |
-
1968
- 1968-03-04 NL NL686803054A patent/NL153037B/en unknown
-
1969
- 1969-02-12 DE DE19691906943 patent/DE1906943B2/en active Granted
- 1969-02-28 AT AT202869A patent/AT292784B/en active
- 1969-02-28 DK DK113969AA patent/DK119519B/en unknown
- 1969-03-01 ES ES364283A patent/ES364283A1/en not_active Expired
- 1969-03-03 BE BE729301D patent/BE729301A/xx unknown
- 1969-03-03 SE SE02891/69A patent/SE335754B/xx unknown
- 1969-03-03 NO NO0894/69A patent/NO124342B/no unknown
- 1969-03-04 FR FR6905877A patent/FR2003205A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL153037B (en) | 1977-04-15 |
| DE1906943A1 (en) | 1969-11-06 |
| AT292784B (en) | 1971-09-10 |
| FR2003205A1 (en) | 1969-11-07 |
| ES364283A1 (en) | 1971-01-01 |
| SE335754B (en) | 1971-06-07 |
| DE1906943B2 (en) | 1976-01-15 |
| NL6803054A (en) | 1969-09-08 |
| DK119519B (en) | 1971-01-18 |
| BE729301A (en) | 1969-09-03 |
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