NO122686B - - Google Patents
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- NO122686B NO122686B NO16201866A NO16201866A NO122686B NO 122686 B NO122686 B NO 122686B NO 16201866 A NO16201866 A NO 16201866A NO 16201866 A NO16201866 A NO 16201866A NO 122686 B NO122686 B NO 122686B
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- adrenocorticotropin
- blood
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- 101800000414 Corticotropin Proteins 0.000 claims description 56
- IDLFZVILOHSSID-OVLDLUHVSA-N corticotropin Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CO)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IDLFZVILOHSSID-OVLDLUHVSA-N 0.000 claims description 56
- 229960000258 corticotropin Drugs 0.000 claims description 56
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- LXNHXLLTXMVWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridoxine Chemical compound CC1=NC=C(CO)C(CO)=C1O LXNHXLLTXMVWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 claims description 8
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000008160 pyridoxine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011677 pyridoxine Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940011671 vitamin b6 Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003227 pyridoxines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 102100027467 Pro-opiomelanocortin Human genes 0.000 description 55
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012888 bovine serum Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 5
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 206010062767 Hypophysitis Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000003635 pituitary gland Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 3
- TYQCGQRIZGCHNB-JLAZNSOCSA-N l-ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(O)=C(O)C1=O TYQCGQRIZGCHNB-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010254 subcutaneous injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007929 subcutaneous injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000275 Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 210000004404 adrenal cortex Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000001919 adrenal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000004100 adrenal gland Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000001780 adrenocortical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002156 adsorbate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010253 intravenous injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioglycolic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CS CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XINQFOMFQFGGCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L (2-dodecoxy-2-oxoethyl)-[6-[(2-dodecoxy-2-oxoethyl)-dimethylazaniumyl]hexyl]-dimethylazanium;dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C[N+](C)(C)CCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CC(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCC XINQFOMFQFGGCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009858 acid secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013068 control sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cysteine Natural products SCC(N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010255 intramuscular injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007927 intramuscular injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZUFQODAHGAHPFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridoxine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC1=NC=C(CO)C(CO)=C1O ZUFQODAHGAHPFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004172 pyridoxine hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019171 pyridoxine hydrochloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011764 pyridoxine hydrochloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 pyridoxine-activated adrenocorticotropin Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007974 sodium acetate buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- BHZOKUMUHVTPBX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium acetic acid acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC(O)=O.CC([O-])=O BHZOKUMUHVTPBX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960005480 sodium caprylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BYKRNSHANADUFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium octanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCC([O-])=O BYKRNSHANADUFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D1/00—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements
- F16D1/06—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end
- F16D1/08—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end with clamping hub; with hub and longitudinal key
- F16D1/09—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end with clamping hub; with hub and longitudinal key with radial clamping due to axial loading of at least one pair of conical surfaces
- F16D1/093—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end with clamping hub; with hub and longitudinal key with radial clamping due to axial loading of at least one pair of conical surfaces using one or more elastic segmented conical rings forming at least one of the conical surfaces, the rings being expanded or contracted to effect clamping
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Clamps And Clips (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
Description
Fremgangsmåte til utvinning av adrenocorticotropin av blod. Method for extracting adrenocorticotropin from blood.
Den foreliggende oppfinnelse går ut The present invention expires
på en fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av adrenocorticotropt hormon, og mer spesielt en fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av adrenocorticotropin fra blod av pattedyr. on a method for producing adrenocorticotropic hormone, and more particularly a method for producing adrenocorticotropin from mammalian blood.
Det adrenocorticotrope hormon utskilles fra hypofysen hos pattedyr i blodet og føres med dette til binyrene, hvor det stimulerer dannelsen av adrenocorti-kale hormoner fra binyrebarken. I de se-nere år er adrenocorticotropin blitt trukket ut fra hypofysen hos pattedyr, som f. eks. svin, kveg og sauer, og er etter rensning blitt inngitt husdyr og mennesker ved behandling av visse sykdommer. Det er blitt angitt at blodet av pattedyr bare inneholder litt, hvis overhodet noe som helst, aktivt adrenocorticotropin. Ennvidere er der ved forsøk blitt påvist at menneskeblod inneholder mindre enn 0,5 milli-enheter adrenocorticotropin pr. 100 ml under optimale betingelser. Man har derfor ansett blod for å være et lite egnet utgangsmateriale ved fremstilling av adrenocotico-tropin til farmasøytiske formål. The adrenocorticotropic hormone is secreted from the pituitary gland in mammals into the blood and carried with it to the adrenal glands, where it stimulates the formation of adrenocortical hormones from the adrenal cortex. In recent years, adrenocorticotropin has been extracted from the pituitary gland in mammals, such as e.g. pigs, cattle and sheep, and after purification has been administered to domestic animals and humans in the treatment of certain diseases. It has been stated that the blood of mammals contains little, if any, active adrenocorticotropin. Furthermore, experiments have shown that human blood contains less than 0.5 milli-units of adrenocorticotropin per 100 ml under optimal conditions. Blood has therefore been considered to be an unsuitable starting material for the production of adrenocoticotropin for pharmaceutical purposes.
Hensikten med den foreliggende oppfinnelse er å skaffe en fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av adrenocorticotropin fra blod av pattedyr. En annen hensikt er å skaffe en fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av adrenocorticotropin fra forskjellige blodfraksj oner. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for producing adrenocorticotropin from the blood of mammals. Another purpose is to provide a method for producing adrenocorticotropin from different blood fractions.
En mer spesiell hensikt med oppfinnelsen er å skaffe en fremgangsmåte til å utvikle adrenocorticotropinaktivitet i blod. Enda en hensikt er å skaffe en fremgangsmåte til å oppspore adrenocorticotropinaktivitet i blod. Andre hensikter og fordeler ved oppfinnelsen vil fremgå av det følgende. A more particular purpose of the invention is to provide a method for developing adrenocorticotropin activity in blood. A further object is to provide a method for detecting adrenocorticotropin activity in blood. Other purposes and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following.
Den foreliggende fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av preparater av adrenocorticotropin er karakteristisk ved at blodmateriale fra pattedyr, f. eks. blod, plasma eller serum, blandes med pyridoxin eller et pyridoxinsalt som adrenocorticotropinak-tiverende middel, hvoretter blandingen henstår for oppnåelse av maksimal adrenocorticotropinaktivitet, eventuelt under oppvarmning, idet den hertil nødvendige tid er kortere jo høyere temperaturen er. The present method for producing preparations of adrenocorticotropin is characteristic in that blood material from mammals, e.g. blood, plasma or serum, is mixed with pyridoxine or a pyridoxine salt as an adrenocorticotropin-activating agent, after which the mixture is left to achieve maximum adrenocorticotropin activity, possibly during heating, the time required for this being shorter the higher the temperature.
Skjønt blod ikke oppviser noen særlig Although blood does not show any in particular
adrenocorticotropinaktivitet, har det vist seg at denne behandling medfører en på-viselig adrenocorticotropinaktivitet i blodet på mellom 0,5 og 2,0 enheter pr. ml. Med «pattedyrblod»-materiale skal i denne beskrivelse forstås adrenocorticotropinhol-dige blodmaterialer som f. eks. selve blodet, plasma, serum og defibrinert blod. adrenocorticotropin activity, it has been shown that this treatment causes a detectable adrenocorticotropin activity in the blood of between 0.5 and 2.0 units per ml. In this description, "mammal blood" material is understood to mean adrenocorticotropin-containing blood materials such as e.g. the blood itself, plasma, serum and defibrinated blood.
Ved en foretrukken utførelsesform av fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen behandles blod av pattedyr med pyridoxin ved en temperatur av minst 15° C i så lang tid at adrenocorticotropinaktiviteten i blodet utvikles helt. Det har ifølge oppfinnelsen vist seg at den tid som er nød-vendig for å oppnå maksimal adrenocorticotropinaktivitet i blodet, er omvendt proporsjonal med oppvarmningstempera-turen, hvilket vil si at hvis oppvarmnings-temperaturen økes, vil der tilsvarende be-høves mindre tid for å oppnå maksimal adrenocorticotropinaktivitet. Det har f. eks. ifølge oppfinnelsen vist seg at fullstendig aktivitet av blodets adrenocorticotropin kan oppnås på ca. 6 i/2 time ved en temperatur av 100° C, mens der vil kreves 3 måneder for å oppnå fullstendig aktivitet ved en temperatur av 25° C og 2—3 uker ved en temperatur av ca. 37° C. Til-lempningen av denne fremgangsmåte for fabrikasjon av adrenocorticotropin i han-delsmålestokk må antas å kunne foregå best ved en oppvarmningstemperatur av fra 30° C til 150° C, mens bedre resultater kan oppnås ved en temperatur mellom 75° C og 120° C, og en spesielt god adrenocorticotropinaktivering vil oppnås ved en temperatur av mellom 90° C og 100° C. In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, mammalian blood is treated with pyridoxine at a temperature of at least 15° C for such a long time that the adrenocorticotropin activity in the blood is fully developed. According to the invention, it has been shown that the time required to achieve maximum adrenocorticotropin activity in the blood is inversely proportional to the heating temperature, which means that if the heating temperature is increased, correspondingly less time will be required to achieve maximal adrenocorticotropin activity. It has e.g. according to the invention, it has been shown that complete activity of the blood's adrenocorticotropin can be achieved in approx. 6 in/2 hours at a temperature of 100° C, while 3 months will be required to achieve complete activity at a temperature of 25° C and 2-3 weeks at a temperature of approx. 37° C. The adaptation of this method for the manufacture of adrenocorticotropin on a commercial scale must be assumed to be best at a heating temperature of from 30° C to 150° C, while better results can be obtained at a temperature between 75° C and 120° C, and a particularly good adrenocorticotropin activation will be achieved at a temperature of between 90° C and 100° C.
Den optimale pH-verdi for aktivering av blodadrenocorticotropin med pyridoxin har ifølge oppfinnelsen vist seg å ligge mellom en pH-verdi på 3,5 og 5,5, selv om noen aktivering kan oppnås med en pH-verdi som ligger litt på den sure eller basiske side av dette område. Aktiverin-gen av adrenocorticotropin med pyridoxin utføres bedre ved pH-verdier mellom 4,0 og 5,0, og et spesielt godt resultat kan oppnås ved en pH-verdi på omkring 4,7— 4,8. Innstillingen av pH ved denne fremgangsmåte kan foretas med en hvilken som helst egnet syre, base eller puffer, som f. eks. saltsyre, natriumhydroxyd og eddiksyre-natriumacetatpufferoppløsning. According to the invention, the optimal pH value for activation of blood adrenocorticotropin with pyridoxine has been shown to lie between a pH value of 3.5 and 5.5, although some activation can be achieved with a pH value that is slightly on the acidic or basic side of this area. The activation of adrenocorticotropin with pyridoxine is carried out better at pH values between 4.0 and 5.0, and a particularly good result can be achieved at a pH value of around 4.7-4.8. The setting of the pH in this method can be done with any suitable acid, base or buffer, such as e.g. hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide and acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer solution.
Mens ethvert blodmateriale av pattedyr kan anvendes som utgangsmateriale ved denne fremgangsmåte, har det ifølge oppfinnelsen vist seg at bedre resultater oppnås med plasma eller serum, og at særlig gode resultater oppnås med okseplas-ma eller -serum. Adrenocorticotropinakti-veringsmekanismen ved denne fremgangsmåte er ikke klart opplyst, men det antas at adrenocorticotropin utskilles fra hypofysen i inaktiv form, eller at aktivt adrenocorticotropin som føres inn i blodet, in-aktiveres av en eller annen mekanisme i blodet. Det er muligens en mekanisme i forbindelse med binyrene som er istand til å omdanne proadrenocorticotropin til adrenocorticotropin for å stimulere dannelsen av adrenocorticale hormoner i binyrebarken. Dette inaktive adrenocorticotropin eller forløper for adrenocorticotropin som finnes i blod kalles pro-adrenocorticotropin. Utgangsmaterialet for denne fremgangsmåte kan således være ethvert pro-adrenocorticotropinholdig blodmateriale av pattedyr. While any mammalian blood material can be used as starting material in this method, according to the invention it has been shown that better results are obtained with plasma or serum, and that particularly good results are obtained with bovine plasma or serum. The adrenocorticotropin activation mechanism by this method is not clearly explained, but it is assumed that adrenocorticotropin is secreted from the pituitary gland in an inactive form, or that active adrenocorticotropin introduced into the blood is inactivated by some mechanism in the blood. There is possibly a mechanism associated with the adrenal glands that is able to convert proadrenocorticotropin to adrenocorticotropin to stimulate the formation of adrenocortical hormones in the adrenal cortex. This inactive adrenocorticotropin or precursor of adrenocorticotropin found in blood is called pro-adrenocorticotropin. The starting material for this method can thus be any mammalian pro-adrenocorticotropin-containing blood material.
Rekkefølgen ved denne fremgangsmåte kan være først å regenerere adrenocorticotropinaktiviteten i blod, plasma, serum osv., og deretter å utvinne adrenocorticotropin i den aktive form. På den annen side kan adrenocorticotropin trekkes ut av blodutgangsmaterialet for å oppnå et pro-adrenocorticotropinkonsentrat som deretter kan behandles med pyridoxin, slik at pro-adrenocorticotropin omdannes til adrenocorticotropin. Utvinningen eller konsentreringen av enten pro-adrenocorticotropin eller adrenocorticotropin fra blodutgangsmaterialet kan skje ved kjemisk fraksjonering med nøytrale salter, f. eks. ammoniumsulfat, natriumklorid og natriumsulfat, tunge metalljoner som sink og aluminium eller et oxygenholdig alifa-tisk oppløsningsmiddel som en alkohol eller en keton, f. eks. ethanol, methanol eller aceton. Ved denne kjemiske frak-sjoneringsmetode bundf elles proteinmn-holdet i blodet med andre adrenocortico-tropinforurensninger, hvoretter bundfallet skilles fra adrenocorticotropinoppløsnin-gen. The order of this method may be first to regenerate adrenocorticotropin activity in blood, plasma, serum, etc., and then to recover adrenocorticotropin in the active form. On the other hand, adrenocorticotropin can be extracted from the blood source material to obtain a pro-adrenocorticotropin concentrate which can then be treated with pyridoxine, so that pro-adrenocorticotropin is converted to adrenocorticotropin. The recovery or concentration of either pro-adrenocorticotropin or adrenocorticotropin from the blood starting material can be done by chemical fractionation with neutral salts, e.g. ammonium sulfate, sodium chloride and sodium sulfate, heavy metal ions such as zinc and aluminum or an oxygen-containing aliphatic solvent such as an alcohol or a ketone, e.g. ethanol, methanol or acetone. With this chemical fractionation method, the protein level in the blood is precipitated with other adrenocorticotropin contaminants, after which the precipitate is separated from the adrenocorticotropin solution.
Til bestemmelse av aktiviteten av preparater av adrenocorticotropin foreligger der en internasjonalt anerkjent metode, hvor preparatets virkning bestemmes ved intravenøs injeksjon på rotter, hvoretter styrken uttrykkes i internasjonale enheter. There is an internationally recognized method for determining the activity of preparations of adrenocorticotropin, where the effect of the preparation is determined by intravenous injection into rats, after which the strength is expressed in international units.
Foruten denne metode anvendes imid-lertid også en annen metode, hvor der også anvendes rotter, men hvor injeksjonen blir foretatt subcutant, idet preparatet dess-uten tilsettes gelatin før injeksjonen. Den styrke som blir funnet på denne måte, kan betegnes som «styrke ved subcutan injeksjon» til forskjell fra den ovenfor nevnte styrke, som er bestemt ved intravenøs injeksjon. In addition to this method, however, another method is also used, where rats are also used, but where the injection is made subcutaneously, as gelatin is also added to the preparation before the injection. The strength found in this way can be termed "strength by subcutaneous injection" in contrast to the above-mentioned strength, which is determined by intravenous injection.
Adrenocorticotropin eller pro-adrenocorticotropin kan også skilles fra blodutgangsmaterialet ved at man på kjent måte, slik som det skjer i den såkalte Bunding-prosess, adsorberer det på et cellulosede-rivat. Bunding-prosessen går ut på å utvinne adrenocorticotropin fra oppløsnin-ger ved adsorbsjon på oxycellulose ved en pH-verdi på omkring 4,5. Adsorbatet vas-kes ut slik at der fremkommer et inaktivt materiale, hvoretter adrenocorticotropin elueres fra det utvaskede adsorbat med en vandig, saltsur oppløsning med en pH-verdi på fra 1,0 til 1,5. En annen metode til kjemisk fraksjonering av blodsubstans for å få konsentrert en pyridoxinaktivert adrenocorticotropinoppløsning er en var-me-sjokk-prosess, hvor den foretrukne ut-førelsesform av fremgangsmåten består i at blodserum forenes med natriumcapry-lat som har en konsentrasjon på mellom 0,11 og 0,13 M, hvoretter den fremkomne oppløsning innstilles på en pH-verdi mellom 5,0 og 5,2, oppvarmes til en temperatur mellom 65° C og 71° C i minst 20 mi-nutter for selektivt å koagulere en del av proteinet i væsken og endelig å skille det koagulerte protein fra den tiloversblevne væske. Adrenocorticotropin or pro-adrenocorticotropin can also be separated from the blood output material by adsorbing it onto a cellulose derivative in a known manner, as occurs in the so-called Bunding process. The Bunding process involves extracting adrenocorticotropin from solutions by adsorption on oxycellulose at a pH value of around 4.5. The adsorbate is washed out so that an inactive material appears, after which the adrenocorticotropin is eluted from the washed out adsorbate with an aqueous, hydrochloric acid solution with a pH value of from 1.0 to 1.5. Another method for chemical fractionation of blood substance to concentrate a pyridoxine-activated adrenocorticotropin solution is a heat-shock process, where the preferred embodiment of the method consists in combining blood serum with sodium caprylate which has a concentration of between 0, 11 and 0.13 M, after which the resulting solution is adjusted to a pH value between 5.0 and 5.2, heated to a temperature between 65° C and 71° C for at least 20 minutes to selectively coagulate a portion of the protein in the liquid and finally to separate the coagulated protein from the remaining liquid.
Det har vist seg at det adrenocorticotropin som frembringes fra blodmaterialet av pattedyr ved denne fremgangsmåte, har en tendens til å bli ustabilt, dvs. miste sin styrke, og at slikt adrenocorticotropin kan stabiliseres ved å forenes med et organisk reduserende stoff som inneholder minst en sulfhydrylgruppe, som cy-stein, thioglycolsyre og beta-mecaptoetha-nol. Dette reduserende stoff kan settes til adrenocortricotropinpreparatet i en konsentrasjon mellom 0,05 og 0,2 g pr. 100 ml. Stabiliseringen av blod-adrenocorticotropin ved hjelp av dette reduserende stoff kan økes ved en pH-verdi på mellom 6,5 og 7,0. Dette adrenocorticotropin-prepa-rat kan også inneholde gelatin i en konsentrasjon på omkring 8 — 40 pst. for å oppnå ytterligere økning av adrenocortico-tropinstyrken ved subcutan eller intra-muskulær injeksjon ifølge en kjent fremgangsmåte. It has been found that the adrenocorticotropin produced from the blood material of mammals by this method tends to become unstable, i.e. lose its potency, and that such adrenocorticotropin can be stabilized by combining with an organic reducing agent containing at least one sulfhydryl group , such as cystein, thioglycolic acid and beta-mecaptoethanol. This reducing substance can be added to the adrenocortricotropin preparation in a concentration between 0.05 and 0.2 g per 100 ml. The stabilization of blood adrenocorticotropin by means of this reducing substance can be increased at a pH value of between 6.5 and 7.0. This adrenocorticotropin preparation can also contain gelatin in a concentration of about 8 to 40 percent to achieve a further increase in adrenocorticotropin strength by subcutaneous or intramuscular injection according to a known method.
Bestanddelene i dette adrenocortico-tropinpreparat må være tilstrekkelig rene, dvs. være egnet til injeksjon på mennesker, når preparatet er beregnet til bruk på mennesker, og at det skal være egnet til injeksjon på dyr, når preparatet er beregnet til veterinære formål. Adrenocorticotropinaktiviteten av preparater fremstilt ved fremgangsmåten ifølge den foreliggende oppfinnelse kan bestemmes ved en metode hvor ascorbinsyre-utskillelsen fra hypofysen- hos rotter bestemmes ved subcutan injeksjon. The components in this adrenocorticotropin preparation must be sufficiently pure, i.e. be suitable for injection into humans, when the preparation is intended for use in humans, and that it must be suitable for injection into animals, when the preparation is intended for veterinary purposes. The adrenocorticotropin activity of preparations produced by the method according to the present invention can be determined by a method in which the ascorbic acid secretion from the pituitary gland in rats is determined by subcutaneous injection.
Den foreliggende oppfinnelse er i det følgende forklart nærmere ved et eksempel. The present invention is explained in more detail in the following by means of an example.
Eksempel. 25 ml okseserum ble blandet med 0,62 g pyridoxinhydroklorid. 2,5 ml av den fremkomne blanding ble forenet med 2,5 ml av en 32 pst.'s vandig gelatinoppløsning som inneholdt 1 pst. fenol. Det herved fremkomne produkt ble betraktet som et kontrollprodukt. Example. 25 ml of bovine serum was mixed with 0.62 g of pyridoxine hydrochloride. 2.5 ml of the resulting mixture was combined with 2.5 ml of a 32% aqueous gelatin solution containing 1% phenol. The resulting product was considered a control product.
De 22,5 ml av okseserumsblandingen som ble tilbake ble anbragt i en glassbe-holder. Denne beholder ble lukket tett til og deretter oppvarmet i vannbad ved en temperatur av 85—90° C. Etter 30 minut-ters forløp ble der tilsatt 15 ml pyrogen-fritt, destillert vann til innholdet av beholderen. Etter en tid på 2, 4 og 6 timer ble prøver av okseserumblandingen tatt ut av beholderen. Hver av disse prøver ble fortynnet i forholdet 1:1 med en 32 pst.'s vandig gelatinoppløsning som inneholdt 1 pst. fenol. The 22.5 ml of the bovine serum mixture that remained was placed in a glass container. This container was closed tightly and then heated in a water bath at a temperature of 85-90° C. After 30 minutes, 15 ml of pyrogen-free, distilled water was added to the contents of the container. After a time of 2, 4 and 6 hours, samples of the bovine serum mixture were taken out of the container. Each of these samples was diluted 1:1 with a 32% aqueous gelatin solution containing 1% phenol.
De forskjellige preparater fikk føl-gende betegnelser: Kontrollpreparatet A, 2-timers-preparatet B, 4-timers-preparatet C og 6-timers-preparatet D. 8 rotter ble injisert subcutant med 0,5 ml av hvert av disse preparater pr. rotte. Adrenocorticotropinaktiviteten av preparatene ble bestemt ifølge den ovenfor nevnte subcutane metode. Resultatene er ført opp i den føl-gende tabell, hvor den adrenale ascorbin-syreutskillelse er uttrykt i microgram ascorbinsyre pr. mg. binyrevekt. The different preparations were given the following designations: Control preparation A, 2-hour preparation B, 4-hour preparation C and 6-hour preparation D. 8 rats were injected subcutaneously with 0.5 ml of each of these preparations per rat. The adrenocorticotropin activity of the preparations was determined according to the above-mentioned subcutaneous method. The results are listed in the following table, where the adrenal ascorbic acid excretion is expressed in micrograms of ascorbic acid per mg. adrenal weight.
Standardutslagene som er anført i den ovenstående tabell ville svare til henholds-vis 0,0236, 0,0590 og 0,1475 enheter pr. 0,5 ml. Kontrollprøven (A) utviste ikke noen aktivitet. Forsøksresultatet for prøve C viser en styrke på 0,39—0,40 enheter pr. ml okseserum, mens forsøksresultatet for prøve B viser en styrke på 2 enheter pr. ml okseserum, og forsøksresultatet for prøve D viser en styrke på 1,5 enheter pr. ml okseserum. The standard outputs listed in the above table would correspond to respectively 0.0236, 0.0590 and 0.1475 units per 0.5 ml. The control sample (A) did not show any activity. The test result for sample C shows a strength of 0.39-0.40 units per ml of bovine serum, while the test result for sample B shows a strength of 2 units per ml of bovine serum, and the test result for sample D shows a strength of 1.5 units per ml of bovine serum.
Claims (4)
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BE (1) | BE677522A (en) |
CH (1) | CH469207A (en) |
DE (2) | DE1525376A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1140601A (en) |
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DE3816523A1 (en) * | 1988-05-14 | 1989-11-23 | Manfred Schanz | Centring element |
WO1990002272A2 (en) * | 1988-08-23 | 1990-03-08 | Moxee Innovations Corporation | Shaft positioning and coupling device |
GB2350878A (en) * | 1999-06-10 | 2000-12-13 | John Rush | Expansion bushes |
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1966
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- 1966-03-08 GB GB1012066A patent/GB1140601A/en not_active Expired
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- 1966-03-09 NO NO16201866A patent/NO122686B/no unknown
- 1966-03-10 AT AT228666A patent/AT274490B/en active
- 1966-03-11 DE DE19661525376 patent/DE1525376A1/en active Pending
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BE677522A (en) | 1966-08-01 |
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