NO120357B - - Google Patents
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- NO120357B NO120357B NO156387A NO15638765A NO120357B NO 120357 B NO120357 B NO 120357B NO 156387 A NO156387 A NO 156387A NO 15638765 A NO15638765 A NO 15638765A NO 120357 B NO120357 B NO 120357B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- products
- perlite
- clay
- water
- cellulose binder
- Prior art date
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- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 6
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004200 microcrystalline wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019808 microcrystalline wax Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101150110592 CTS1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009950 felting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019809 paraffin wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012169 petroleum derived wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019381 petroleum wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005335 volcanic glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H5/00—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for
- D21H5/12—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for characterised by the use of special fibrous materials
- D21H5/18—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for characterised by the use of special fibrous materials of inorganic fibres with or without cellulose fibres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
- C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B26/28—Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
- C04B26/285—Cellulose or derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/001—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing unburned clay
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
- D21H11/02—Chemical or chemomechanical or chemothermomechanical pulp
- D21H11/04—Kraft or sulfate pulp
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
- D21H13/36—Inorganic fibres or flakes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
- D21H13/36—Inorganic fibres or flakes
- D21H13/38—Inorganic fibres or flakes siliceous
- D21H13/40—Inorganic fibres or flakes siliceous vitreous, e.g. mineral wool, glass fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21J—FIBREBOARD; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM CELLULOSIC FIBROUS SUSPENSIONS OR FROM PAPIER-MACHE
- D21J1/00—Fibreboard
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Description
Bindemiddel for byggeplafcer som hovedsakelig består av ekspandert perlitt. Binder for building slabs which mainly consists of expanded perlite.
Den foreliggende oppfinnelse angår lette byggeplater som hovedsakelig består av ekspandert perlitt. The present invention relates to lightweight building boards which mainly consist of expanded perlite.
Ekspandert perlitt er et i handelen velkjent mineralaggregat med liten vekt og fremstilt ved termisk ekspansjon av det vulkanske glass perlitt. Produktene er bygget opp av en rekke celler eller blærer, som vanligvis har hovedsakelig sfærisk form. I alminnelighet inneholder produktet, når det fremstilles ved vanlige fremgangsmåter, partikler i et stort storrelsesområde. Expanded perlite is a commercially well-known mineral aggregate with a light weight and produced by thermal expansion of the volcanic glass perlite. The products are made up of a number of cells or vesicles, which usually have a predominantly spherical shape. In general, the product, when produced by conventional methods, contains particles in a large size range.
Byggeprodukter som inneholder ekspandert perlitt og fiber-mafcerialer som f.eks. papirmasse, er likeledes kjent. Isolasjonsplater er f.eks. blitt fremstilt av ekspandert perlitt og avispapirmasse ved tilbakeholdelse av faststoffene i en oppslemning på en Yankeemaskin på lignende måte som ved fremstilling av papir. Skjbnt disse produkter er av verdi som isolasjonsmateriale, er det funnet at de mangler til-strekkelig ensartet materialfasthet (structural integrity) for visse formål og heller ikke har de nodvendige overflate-egenskaper for anvendelse som ferdige vegg- eller himlingsoverflater i bolig- eller forretningsbygg. Ingen av produktene har noen særlig fasthet overfor slitasje eller sammentrykning. Building products containing expanded perlite and fiber mafcerials such as e.g. pulp, is likewise known. Insulation boards are e.g. has been produced from expanded perlite and newsprint pulp by retaining the solids in a slurry on a Yankee machine in a manner similar to the manufacture of paper. Although these products are of value as insulation material, it has been found that they lack sufficient uniform material strength (structural integrity) for certain purposes and also do not have the necessary surface properties for use as finished wall or ceiling surfaces in residential or commercial buildings. None of the products have any particular resistance to wear or compression.
Visse forsok har også vært gjort på å forbedre fastheten av perlitt/papirmasse-produktene ved anvendelse av bindemidler som asfalt og andre organiske materialer, f.eks. stivelse, plast og lignende. Skjont disse forholdsregler til en viss grad har kunnet forbedre fastheten av produktet, forandrer det også utseendet og andre egenskaper, som f.eks. fargen, vekten og brannsikkerheten. Certain attempts have also been made to improve the firmness of the perlite/pulp products by using binders such as asphalt and other organic materials, e.g. starch, plastic and the like. Although these precautions have been able to improve the firmness of the product to a certain extent, it also changes the appearance and other properties, such as e.g. the colour, weight and fire safety.
Det er nå ifolge den foreliggende oppfinnelse funnet at der som bindemiddel i byggeplater som i det alt vesentlige består av ekspandert perlitt, kan anvendes et vannaktivert, gelformet, hydratisert cellulosebindemiddel som har en vannavgivende evne etter Schopper-Riegler på mindre enn 100 og er fiberfritt.,Platene kan f.eks. bestå It has now been found, according to the present invention, that a water-activated, gel-shaped, hydrated cellulose binder can be used as a binder in building boards which essentially consist of expanded perlite, which has a water-releasing capacity according to Schopper-Riegler of less than 100 and is fiber-free. ,The plates can e.g. consist
av 1 del av et mekanisk frembragt vannaktivert cellulosebindemiddel som angitt og fra 1 2/3 til 9 vektdeler (regnet på torrstoffinnholdet) av en termisk ekspandert perlitt. Andelen av perlitt ligger fortrinnsvis mellom 2 1/3 og 8 l/2 deler pr. del cellulosebindemiddel. of 1 part of a mechanically produced water-activated cellulose binder as indicated and from 1 2/3 to 9 parts by weight (calculated on the dry matter content) of a thermally expanded perlite. The proportion of perlite is preferably between 2 1/3 and 8 l/2 parts per part cellulose binder.
Det er således mulig å fremstille en byggeplate ved at der dannes et vakkaktivert hydratisert cellulose-bindemiddel i form av en vandig oppslemning som har en v.annavgivende evne etter Schopper-Riegler på mindre enn 100, idet en oppslemning av vannholdige cellulosefibre fores gjennom en rekke male- og geldannende trinn, at det resulterende gel-lignende cellulose-bindemiddel blandes med fra 1 2/3 til 9 deler (regnet på torrstoffinnholdet i bindemiddelet) av en termisk ekspandert perlitt pr. del cellulosebindemiddel, at torrstoffinnholdet i blandingen innstilles på 4 * 8%i at en sammenhengende plate dannes fra den resulterende blanding, at platen komprimeres for utpresning av over-skytende vann, og at platen torkes. ;Det aktiverte cellulose-bindemiddel for anvendelse i byggeplater ifolge oppfinnelsen kan fremstilles ved at en vandig oppslemning av cellulosefibre med et torrstoffinnhold på minst 6$ fores gjennom en rekke male- og geldannende trinn for å danne et gel-lignende cellulose-bindemiddel som praktisk talt ikke inneholder fibre og har en vannavgivende evne etter Schopper-Riegler på mindre enn 100. ;Byggeplatene kan inneholde en mindre andel keramisk leire, . f.eks. inntil 2 deler, fortrinnsvis 1/3 - 2 deler, leire pr. del cellulosebindemiddel. ;Platene kan også eventuelt inneholde borsyre som brannhemmende middel og små mengder voks til å meddele dem vannavstøtende egenskaper. Egnede voksarter er mikrokrystallinsk voks, petroleumsvoks, parafin-vokser og lignende. Ved anvendelse av voks benyttes der vanligvis mengder opptil 2 vektprosent, fortrinnsvis 0,25 ~ "1 vektprosent. Borsyre innlemmes vanligvis i produktet i mengder opptil 3 vektprosent, fortrinnsvis 0,25 - 2$. For å lette fremstillingen kan der også innlemmes alun i mengder av l/2 - 1 l/ 2fo. De stoffer som tilsettes i små mengder, f.eks. borsyre, voks og alun, er angitt i vektprosent av det samlede produkt. Alle andeler og prosentmengder som er omtalt i denne beskrivelse, er beregnet på basis av torrstoff, hvis der ikke er sagt noe annet. ;Produktene ifolge oppfinnelsen har vanligvis liten tyngde, idet de f.eks. har en tetthet av ca. 0,064 - 0,400 g/crn-^, fortrinnsvis 0,128 - 0,320 g/cm^. ;De foretrukne produkter ifolge oppfinnelsen inneholder;50 - 30% perlitt, 10 - 30% cellulose-bindemiddel og 0 - 20$ leire. De produkter som består bare av cellulose-bindemiddel og perlitt, kan f.eks. inneholde 70 - 90% perlitt og 10 - 30% cellulose-bindemiddel. Disse produkter er i særlig grad egnet for anvendelse som isolerende gulvunderlag, himlings- eller veggfliser eller isolasjonsplater. De er kjennetegnet ved overlegen trykkfasthet og motstand mot slitasje, skarpe slag og mishandling. Disse særlige egenskaper ved produkter som inneholder en hoy andel perlitt, gjor det mulig å anvende produktene som varmeisolerende gulvunderlag som dekket med tre eller plastfliser vil tåle påkjenningene fra gulvtrafikken. Dette produktet kan også anvendes som veggisolasjon og til fliser, idet det har særlig gode egenskaper med hensyn til isolasjon og reduksjon av lydgjennomgang. Denne, siste egenskap er særlig verdifull i moderne forretningsbygg med senkede himlinger og ikke-bærende skillevegger. Ved slike utforelser blir vanligvis himlingen og veggene dannet av fliser eller plater. Som folge av de lyddempende og -absorberende egenskaper ved produktene vil den lyd som overfores gjennom taket og veggene til naborom, bli betydelig svekket, særlig ved anvendelse av de plateprodukter som inneholder en hoy andel av perlitt. De produkter, som inneholder leire i tillegg til perlitt og cellulose-bindemiddel, er særlig anvendelige for brannsikre anvendelser. Den anvendte leire er av den keramiske type som inneholder store mengder aluminiumoksyd og silisiumoksyd og kan kjenne-tegnes som ikke svellende. Kaolin, ildfast leire, teglstensleire og pottemakerleire er eksempler på slike leirearter. Det brannsikre byggeprodukt ifolge oppfinnelsen inneholder 50"80# perlitt, 10 - 30$ cellulose-bindemiddel og 10 - 20% keramisk leire. Leiren er særlig verdifull ved fremstilling av brannklassifiserte fliser. Når de ut-settes for varme, vil nemlig fliser eller plater som inneholder leire, sintre istedenfor å spaltes, dele seg opp i skikt eller underholde forbrenningen, noe som er tilfellet med andre materialer. ;Som påpekt tidligere kan produktene også anvendes når over-flaten er synlig. ;Videre skal det nevnes at himlingsfliser eller plater ifclge den foreliggende oppfinnelse kan males eller eventuelt dekkes på den ene eller begge sider med papirark, så der dannes et laminat. Ved hjelp av vanlige fremgangsmåter kan der også fra produktene fremstilles akustiske, borede eller gjennomhullede fliser. ;Den perlitt som anvendes i produktet ifolge oppfinnelsen, kan ha en rekke forskjellige kornstorrelser. Vanligvis er en kornstorrelse under 8 masker egnet for isolerende byggeplater og underlag. For anvendelser hvor der kreves en glatt overflate av produktet, f.eks. ved himlingsfliser, foretrekkes det å anvende en finere perlitt, fortrinnsvis en hvor minst 70% passerer en 20 maskers sikt, og hvor ingen av partiklene er storre enn 8 masker (U.S. Standard Sieve Series), ;Cellulose-bindemiddelet er et sterkt hydratisert gel-lignende stoff. Utgangsmaterialet er fortrinnsvis en masse fra avfall av ubleket kraftpapir. Det er funnet at en utstrakt maling av massen forer til en forandring av massens egenskaper, og at cellulosen herunder omformes fra et fibrbst materiale til et hovedsakelig fiberfritt gel-lignende stoff. Det er funnet at egenskapene av cellulosen som folge av denne mishandling forandrer seg i en slik grad at materialet oppforer seg hovedsakelig som et lim uten fiber-sammenfiltende virkning. Hydratiser-ingen gir seg uttrykk i den vannavgivende evne etter Schopper-Riegler. Cellulosemassen blir fortrinnsvis mekanisk hydratisert til en vannavgivende evne etter Schopper-Riegler på mindre enn ca. 100 ml og fortrinnsvis mindre enn ca. 90 ml. Når der i produktene anvendes et cellulosemateriale som er sterkere hydratisert, fås der storre styrke av produktene. Virkningen av malingen på verdien for den vannavgivende evne etter Schopper-Riegler er vist i tabell I. ; Den rekke måletrinn som der er henvist til i Tabell I, refererer seg til massegjennomlop gjennom en "Morden Stockmaker"-massem6lle forsynt med lavakniver (lava tackle). ;Oppfinnelsen vil nå bli nærmere beskrevet under henvisning;til tegningen, som er et prosesskjema av en foretrukket fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av cellulose-bindemiddelet og byggeplatene. ;På tegningen er der vist en kilde for papir (fortrinnsvis avfall fra ubleket kraftpapir) som fores til en våtoppslutter (hydro pulper) av "Morden Slushmaker"-typen og får tilsatt vann så der dannes en fibermasse av kraftpapir med et torrstoffinnhold av minst ca. 6$. ;Fra våtoppslutteren fores massen til en massebeholder og deretter gjennom en rekke massembller A, B, C og D, som fortrinnsvis er av "Morden "-typen forsynt med lavakniver. Massen fra molle A fores inn i molle B ;og deretter gjennom mollene C og D etter tur med en samlet oppholdstid på ca. 15 sek. Det ferdige produkt har en vannavgivende evne etter Schopper-Riegler på mindre enn ca. 100. Det cellulose-bindemiddel som kommer ut fra serien av maleoperasjoner, er sterkt hydratisert og av hovedsakelig ikke-fibros art. Cellulose-bindemiddelet fores til en massebeholder som tjener som forråds- og lagringsbeholder. Med passende mellomrom fores cellulose-bindemiddelet til en blandekasse hvor der tilsettes perlitt i bnsket mengde. Eventuelt -kan leire fra et forråd tilsettes blandingen. Ledningsvann kan tilsettes for å innstille tbrrstoff-innholdet av blandingen på 4~men konsistensen kan og;;å innstilles på et senere trinn. Andre tilsetninger som borsyre, voks og alun kan ; ; eventuelt tilsettes på dette strium. Etterat.innholdet av blande-kassen er blitt godt blandet for å danne en jevn oppslemning, fores det ut i innlopskassen og deretter ut på duken hos en Fourdriniermaskin. Andre typer av maskiner til fremstilling av papir eller plater, f.eks. Yankee-maskiner og lignende, kan anvendes. Oppslemningen av cellulose-bindemiddel og perlitt med eller uten tilsetninger avsettes på duken eller viren i et skikt av ca. 19 - 102 mm. Den således dannede bane komprimeres i presseseksjonen med valsepresser eller lignende til en tykkelse av 12 - 38 rm°S fores deretter til en torke, fortrinnsvis ;av flerplanstypen. Det torkede plateformede produkt kantskjæres og kappes til onsket storrelse og fores deretter til et lager eller til ytterligere behandling, som f.eks. maling, laminering med papirark på en eller begge sider, laminering av flere plater til hinannen, gjennom-hulling eller lignende. ;I tabell II er der oppfort spesielle eksempler på isolasjons-produkter fremstilt ved fremgangsmåten ifolge oppfinnelsen og bestående av ulike mengder av perlitt, cellulose-bindemiddel, leire og andre tilsetninger. Hvert av produktene ble laminert med papirark på begge sider for å vise hva som kunne oppnås med laminerte produkter i forhold til ulaminerte. ;Som et ytterligere eksempel skal der beskrives en industriell fremstilling av en isolasjonsplate med lav vekt og egnet som lyd-absorberende plate. Fremstillingen folger den foran beskrevne fremgangsmåte. Den nedenstående tabell viser andelen av hver bestanddel i det ferdige produkt. ; 11,6 tonn vann og 728 kg avfall fra ubleket kraftpapir ble fort inn i en "Morden Slushmaker" og malt i 30 min. Den resulterende fibermasse ble fort inn i en massebeholder og deretter gjennom fire etter hverandre fclgende "Morden" massemoller (gjennomgangstid på 60 min/tonn). ;Det vannaktiverte cellulose-bindemiddel fra den siste molle var hovedsakelig fiberfritt og hadde en vannavgivende evne etter Schopper-Riegler på mindre enn 100. Dispersjonen av cellulose-bindemiddel med et torrstoffinnhold på ca. 6% ble fort til en massebeholder og deretter til en blandekasse for tilblanding av vann (75>5tonn) leire, perlitt, borsyre, voks og alun i de angitte mengder. Perlitten hadde et storrelsesområde på ca. -20 - +200 masker ( r{ Ofo) . Leiren var en keramisk pottemakerleire (Kentucky-Tennessee Clay Co., CTS-1) med folgende analyse: ; Voksen var en emulsjon av,en mikrokrystallinsk voks (Mobil Oil Co. Mobilcere-RV). ;Med et torrstoffinnhold på ca. 4$ ble produktet fra blande-kassen fort til Fourdriniermaskinen og formet til en plate som etter pressing og torking hadde en tykkelse på ca. 19 mm. Da det ferdige produkt var tilskåret og kappet, hadde det en tetthet av 0,224 g/cm^. ;Produktene er kjennetegnet ved utmerket brannfasthet. De produkter som inneholder perlitt, bindemiddel og leire, er f.eks. klassifisert i klasse 1 etter ASTM E84-6I (Underwriters Laboratories Standard 723). Produktene er også klassifisert i klasse A ifolge Federal Specification SS-A-001l8c (14. april 1960). *It is thus possible to produce a building board by forming a highly activated hydrated cellulose binder in the form of an aqueous slurry which has a water-releasing capacity according to Schopper-Riegler of less than 100, as a slurry of water-containing cellulose fibers is fed through a series of grinding and gelling step, that the resulting gel-like cellulose binder is mixed with from 1 2/3 to 9 parts (calculated on the dry matter content of the binder) of a thermally expanded perlite per part cellulose binder, that the solids content of the mixture is set to 4 * 8%, that a continuous plate is formed from the resulting mixture, that the plate is compressed to squeeze out excess water, and that the plate is dried. The activated cellulose binder for use in building boards according to the invention can be produced by passing an aqueous slurry of cellulose fibers with a solids content of at least 6$ through a series of grinding and gelling steps to form a gel-like cellulose binder which practically does not contain fibers and has a water-releasing capacity according to Schopper-Riegler of less than 100. ;The building boards may contain a small proportion of ceramic clay, . e.g. up to 2 parts, preferably 1/3 - 2 parts, clay per part cellulose binder. The sheets may also possibly contain boric acid as a fire retardant and small amounts of wax to give them water-repellent properties. Suitable waxes are microcrystalline wax, petroleum wax, paraffin wax and the like. When using wax, amounts of up to 2% by weight, preferably 0.25 ~ "1% by weight, are usually used. Boric acid is usually incorporated into the product in amounts of up to 3% by weight, preferably 0.25 - 2%. To facilitate production, alum can also be incorporated in amounts of l/2 - 1 l/ 2fo. The substances that are added in small amounts, e.g. boric acid, wax and alum, are stated as a percentage by weight of the total product. All proportions and percentages mentioned in this description are calculated on the basis of dry matter, if nothing else is stated. The products according to the invention usually have a low weight, for example they have a density of about 0.064 - 0.400 g/crn-^, preferably 0.128 - 0.320 g/ cm^. ;The preferred products according to the invention contain; 50 - 30% perlite, 10 - 30% cellulose binder and 0 - 20% clay. The products which consist only of cellulose binder and perlite can, for example, contain 70 - 90% perlite and 10 - 30% cellulose binder These products are particularly suitable for or use as an insulating floor substrate, ceiling or wall tiles or insulation boards. They are characterized by superior compressive strength and resistance to wear, sharp blows and abuse. These special properties of products containing a high proportion of perlite make it possible to use the products as heat-insulating floor underlays that, covered with wood or plastic tiles, will withstand the stresses of floor traffic. This product can also be used as wall insulation and for tiles, as it has particularly good properties with regard to insulation and reduction of sound transmission. This last feature is particularly valuable in modern commercial buildings with lowered ceilings and non-load-bearing partitions. In such designs, the ceiling and walls are usually formed from tiles or slabs. As a result of the sound-absorbing and sound-absorbing properties of the products, the sound that is transmitted through the ceiling and walls to neighboring rooms will be significantly weakened, especially when using the board products that contain a high proportion of perlite. The products, which contain clay in addition to perlite and cellulose binder, are particularly suitable for fireproof applications. The clay used is of the ceramic type which contains large amounts of aluminum oxide and silicon oxide and can be characterized as non-swelling. Kaolin, refractory clay, brick clay and potter's clay are examples of such types of clay. The fireproof building product according to the invention contains 50"80# perlite, 10 - 30% cellulose binder and 10 - 20% ceramic clay. The clay is particularly valuable in the production of fire-classified tiles. When exposed to heat, tiles or slabs that contain clay, sinter instead of splitting, splitting into layers or sustaining combustion, which is the case with other materials. ;As pointed out earlier, the products can also be used when the surface is visible. ;Furthermore, it should be mentioned that ceiling tiles or slabs according to the present invention can be painted or possibly covered on one or both sides with sheets of paper, so that a laminate is formed. Using normal methods, acoustic, drilled or perforated tiles can also be produced from the products. ;The perlite used in the product according to invention, can have a variety of different grain sizes. Generally, a grain size below 8 mesh is suitable for insulating building boards and substrates g. For applications where a smooth surface of the product is required, e.g. in the case of ceiling tiles, it is preferable to use a finer perlite, preferably one where at least 70% passes a 20 mesh sieve, and where none of the particles are larger than 8 mesh (U.S. Standard Sieve Series), ;The cellulose binder is a highly hydrated gel- similar substance. The starting material is preferably a pulp from waste unbleached kraft paper. It has been found that extensive grinding of the pulp leads to a change in the properties of the pulp, and that the cellulose is subsequently transformed from a fibrous material into a mainly fiber-free gel-like substance. It has been found that the properties of the cellulose as a result of this mishandling change to such an extent that the material behaves mainly as an adhesive without a fibre-felting effect. Hydratiser-ingen expresses itself in the water-releasing ability according to Schopper-Riegler. The cellulose mass is preferably mechanically hydrated to a water-releasing capacity according to Schopper-Riegler of less than approx. 100 ml and preferably less than approx. 90 ml. When a cellulose material that is more hydrated is used in the products, greater strength is obtained from the products. The effect of the paint on the value for the water-releasing ability according to Schopper-Riegler is shown in table I.; The series of measurement steps referred to in Table I refer to mass flow through a "Morden Stockmaker" mass medium equipped with lava knives (lava tackle). The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the drawing, which is a process diagram of a preferred method for producing the cellulose binder and the building boards. The drawing shows a source for paper (preferably waste from unbleached kraft paper) which is fed to a wet pulper (hydro pulper) of the "Morden Slushmaker" type and water is added so that a fibrous mass of kraft paper is formed with a dry matter content of at least approx. . 6$. From the wet trap, the pulp is fed to a pulp container and then through a series of pulp mixers A, B, C and D, which are preferably of the "Morden" type equipped with lava knives. The mass from jetty A is fed into jetty B; and then through jetties C and D in turn with a total residence time of approx. 15 sec. The finished product has a water-releasing capacity according to Schopper-Riegler of less than approx. 100. The cellulose binder emerging from the series of milling operations is highly hydrated and of a predominantly non-fibrous nature. The cellulose binder is fed to a pulp container which serves as a supply and storage container. At suitable intervals, the cellulose binder is fed into a mixing box, where perlite is added in the desired amount. Optionally, clay from a supply can be added to the mixture. Tap water can be added to adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 4~ but the consistency can also be adjusted at a later stage. Other additives such as boric acid, wax and alum can ; ; possibly added to this strium. After the contents of the mixing box have been thoroughly mixed to form a smooth slurry, it is fed into the inlet box and then onto the cloth of a Fourdrinier machine. Other types of machines for the production of paper or plates, e.g. Yankee machines and the like can be used. The slurry of cellulose binder and perlite with or without additives is deposited on the cloth or wire in a layer of approx. 19 - 102 mm. The web thus formed is compressed in the press section with roller presses or the like to a thickness of 12 - 38 rm°S and is then fed to a drier, preferably of the multi-plane type. The dried flat product is edge-cut and cut to the desired size and then fed to a warehouse or for further processing, such as e.g. painting, lamination with paper sheets on one or both sides, lamination of several plates to each other, punching through or the like. In Table II are listed special examples of insulation products produced by the method according to the invention and consisting of different amounts of perlite, cellulose binder, clay and other additives. Each of the products was laminated with paper sheets on both sides to show what could be achieved with laminated products compared to unlaminated ones. As a further example, an industrial production of an insulating board with a low weight and suitable as a sound-absorbing board will be described. The production follows the procedure described above. The table below shows the proportion of each component in the finished product. ; 11.6 tonnes of water and 728 kg of waste from unbleached kraft paper were quickly fed into a "Morden Slushmaker" and ground for 30 minutes. The resulting fiber pulp was quickly fed into a pulp container and then through four consecutive "Morden" pulp mills (through time of 60 min/ton). ;The water-activated cellulose binder from the last molle was mainly fiber-free and had a Schopper-Riegler water-releasing capacity of less than 100. The dispersion of cellulose binder with a solids content of approx. 6% quickly became a pulp container and then a mixing box for mixing water (75>5 tonnes), clay, perlite, boric acid, wax and alum in the indicated quantities. The perlite had a size range of approx. -20 - +200 stitches ( r{ Ofo) . The clay was a ceramic potter's clay (Kentucky-Tennessee Clay Co., CTS-1) with the following analysis: ; The wax was an emulsion of a microcrystalline wax (Mobil Oil Co. Mobilcere-RV). With a dry matter content of approx. 4$, the product from the mixing box was quickly sent to the Fourdrinier machine and formed into a plate which, after pressing and drying, had a thickness of approx. 19 mm. When the finished product was cut and cut, it had a density of 0.224 g/cm 2 . The products are characterized by excellent fire resistance. The products that contain perlite, binding agent and clay are, for example, classified in class 1 according to ASTM E84-6I (Underwriters Laboratories Standard 723). The products are also classified in class A according to Federal Specification SS-A-001l8c (April 14, 1960). *
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US338057A US3379609A (en) | 1964-01-16 | 1964-01-16 | Water-felted building product including nonfibrous cellulose binder |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO120357B true NO120357B (en) | 1970-10-05 |
Family
ID=23323236
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO156387A NO120357B (en) | 1964-01-16 | 1965-01-15 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3379609A (en) |
BE (1) | BE658352A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1246515B (en) |
GB (1) | GB1101954A (en) |
LU (1) | LU47789A1 (en) |
NL (1) | NL6500529A (en) |
NO (1) | NO120357B (en) |
SE (1) | SE342437B (en) |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3494824A (en) * | 1965-12-27 | 1970-02-10 | United States Gypsum Co | Foamed water felted insulation and building product |
US3952830A (en) * | 1974-05-07 | 1976-04-27 | Grefco, Inc. | Mineral aggregate (perlite) acoustical board |
US4043862A (en) * | 1975-07-21 | 1977-08-23 | Eucatex S. A. Industria E Gomercio | Fire resistant vermiculite composition board and method of manufacture |
US4087317A (en) * | 1975-08-04 | 1978-05-02 | Eucatex S.A. Industria E Comercio | High yield, low cost cellulosic pulp and hydrated gels therefrom |
US4309247A (en) * | 1976-03-15 | 1982-01-05 | Amf Incorporated | Filter and method of making same |
AU533396B2 (en) * | 1979-10-19 | 1983-11-24 | Turner & Newall Limited | Non-asbestos paper |
US4403891A (en) * | 1980-10-09 | 1983-09-13 | Toa Grout Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Stabilizer for excavated surface |
DE68927879T2 (en) * | 1988-12-06 | 1997-10-09 | Shaikh Ghaleb Mohammad Y A | Composition of materials for inhibiting fires or explosions and process therefor |
GB2233357B (en) * | 1989-06-21 | 1993-01-06 | Timsales Limited | Fibreboard and method for production thereof |
US5395438A (en) * | 1994-01-14 | 1995-03-07 | Usg Interiors, Inc. | Mineral wool-free acoustical tile composition |
US5911818A (en) * | 1997-08-20 | 1999-06-15 | Usg Interiors, Inc. | Acoustical tile composition |
US8383233B2 (en) * | 2010-12-22 | 2013-02-26 | Usg Interiors, Llc | Ceiling tile base mat |
US20240076239A1 (en) | 2022-08-25 | 2024-03-07 | United States Gypsum Company | Light-weight fast-dry self-leveling cementitious gypsum underlayment with particle fillers |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2426923A (en) * | 1942-12-31 | 1947-09-02 | Cowles Co | Method for hydrating paper stock |
US2634207A (en) * | 1947-12-31 | 1953-04-07 | Great Lakes Carbon Corp | Building board |
DE927260C (en) * | 1950-03-16 | 1955-05-02 | Koppers Gmbh Heinrich | Refractory insulating stone |
US2971878A (en) * | 1953-08-21 | 1961-02-14 | Carey Philip Mfg Co | Insulation material and method of making same |
US3095347A (en) * | 1958-09-11 | 1963-06-25 | Johns Manville Perlite Corp | Insulating material and the like |
US3001907A (en) * | 1958-11-17 | 1961-09-26 | Wood Conversion Co | Manufacture of fire-retardant board |
US3066065A (en) * | 1959-01-30 | 1962-11-27 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Glass flake electrical insulation |
US3015626A (en) * | 1959-09-29 | 1962-01-02 | John C Kingsbury | Insulating composition |
-
1964
- 1964-01-16 US US338057A patent/US3379609A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1964-12-31 GB GB53055/64A patent/GB1101954A/en not_active Expired
-
1965
- 1965-01-15 DE DEU11374A patent/DE1246515B/en active Pending
- 1965-01-15 NL NL6500529A patent/NL6500529A/xx unknown
- 1965-01-15 BE BE658352D patent/BE658352A/xx unknown
- 1965-01-15 NO NO156387A patent/NO120357B/no unknown
- 1965-01-15 LU LU47789A patent/LU47789A1/xx unknown
- 1965-01-15 SE SE566/65A patent/SE342437B/xx unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BE658352A (en) | 1965-04-30 |
GB1101954A (en) | 1968-02-07 |
NL6500529A (en) | 1965-07-19 |
US3379609A (en) | 1968-04-23 |
SE342437B (en) | 1972-02-07 |
LU47789A1 (en) | 1965-03-15 |
DE1246515B (en) | 1967-08-03 |
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