NO119341B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO119341B NO119341B NO162474A NO16247466A NO119341B NO 119341 B NO119341 B NO 119341B NO 162474 A NO162474 A NO 162474A NO 16247466 A NO16247466 A NO 16247466A NO 119341 B NO119341 B NO 119341B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- resin
- furfuryl alcohol
- formaldehyde
- phenol
- weight
- Prior art date
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- XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfuryl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CO1 XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical class [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 7
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyraldehyde Chemical compound CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- -1 phenol (C0H5OH) Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical compound OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic aldehyde Chemical compound CCC=O NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric aldehyde Natural products CCCCC=O HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylphenol;3-methylphenol;4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1.CC1=CC=CC=C1O QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N acetaldehyde Chemical compound [14CH]([14CH3])=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930003836 cresol Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000006266 etherification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002256 xylenyl group Chemical class C1(C(C=CC=C1)C)(C)* 0.000 description 2
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004036 acetal group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrifluoroethylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)Cl UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;phenol Chemical compound O=C.OC1=CC=CC=C1 SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009998 heat setting Methods 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M hexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCC([O-])=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003987 resole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
- H05H1/3436—Hollow cathodes with internal coolant flow
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
- H05H1/3442—Cathodes with inserted tip
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
Description
Fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av fenol-, kresol- eller xylenolharpikser med sterk nettdannelse. Process for the production of phenolic, cresol or xylenol resins with strong network formation.
Det er kjent å fremstille harpikser som kan herde i varmen av blandinger av fe-nolharpikser og furfurylalkohol eller furfu-ryralkoholharpikser, som er bestandige mot fortynnende oppløsninger av alkalier i kulden. Derved angis at forholdet mellom fenol-formaldehyd-harpikser og furfurylalkoholharpikser hensiktsmessig ligger mellom 2 : 1 og 1 : 1. It is known to produce resins which can harden in the heat from mixtures of phenolic resins and furfuryl alcohol or furfuryl alcohol resins, which are resistant to diluting solutions of alkalis in the cold. This indicates that the ratio between phenol-formaldehyde resins and furfuryl alcohol resins is suitably between 2:1 and 1:1.
Det ble nå funnet at blandinger, som har et vesentlig høyere innhold av flytende furfurylalkoholharpiks, og som også er til-satt hydrofile OH-gruppeholdige addisjonspolymerisater f. eks. av hydroksyl-acetal- eller addisjonspolymerisater av kar-boksylgruppeholdige forbindelser eller blandingspolymerisat som inneholder slike forbindelser eller blandinger av de nevnte polymerisater, besitter en utmerket bestandighet mot fortynnede og konsentrerte alkalier i et stort temperaturområde. Ved harpikser ifølge oppfinnelsen ligger forholdet mellom fenol-formaldehydharpiks og furfurylalkoholharpiks i området fra 1 : 1,5 til 1 : 5, fortrinnsvis i området fra 1 : 2 til 1 : 3,5. Ved framstilling av harpiksene ifølge oppfinnelsen tilsettes både fenol-formaldehydharpiksen og furfurylal-koholharpiksen i flytende form. It was now found that mixtures, which have a significantly higher content of liquid furfuryl alcohol resin, and which also have hydrophilic OH group-containing addition polymers added, e.g. of hydroxyl-acetal or addition polymers of compounds containing carboxyl groups or mixed polymers containing such compounds or mixtures of the aforementioned polymers, possess an excellent resistance to dilute and concentrated alkalis in a wide temperature range. In the case of resins according to the invention, the ratio between phenol-formaldehyde resin and furfuryl alcohol resin is in the range from 1:1.5 to 1:5, preferably in the range from 1:2 to 1:3.5. When producing the resins according to the invention, both the phenol-formaldehyde resin and the furfuryl alcohol resin are added in liquid form.
De polymerisater som skal anvendes ifølge oppfinnelsen kan f. eks. inneholde polymerisater av akrylsyre, metakrylsyre-, vinylalkohol-, acetaliserte vinylalkoholgrupper osv. Som acetaler kommer forbindelsen av butyraldehyd, av propionaldehyd, acetaldehyd, valeraldehyd osv. på tale. Poly-merisatene, som fortrinnsvis tilsettes i mengder på mellom 0,5 og 50 %, beregnet på blandingen av fenolformaldehyd-harpiks og furfurylalkoholharpiks, kan oppløses i blan-dingene eller eventuelt tilsettes som fyllstoffer. Tilsetningen av polyvinylalkohol eller polyvinylacetaler som inneholder 55— 75 % fortrinnsvis inntil 67 % av de hydroksylgrupper som opprinnelig var til stede i polyvinylalkoholen i acetalisert form, har vist seg å være meget fordelaktig. Polyvinylacetalene av hvilke polyvinylbutyral er særlig egnet, har den fordel at de ved innbrenningstemperaturen inngår en binding, sannsynligvis en foretring med de herdende harpikser. En tilsetning av paraformaldehyd i en mengde på 10—50 % beregnet på mengden av polyvinylacetalet, bevirker en videre betydelig forbedring, formodentlig ved en videre nettdannelse mellom harpiksene og polyvinylacetalet. The polymers to be used according to the invention can e.g. contain polymers of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, vinyl alcohol, acetalized vinyl alcohol groups, etc. Acetals include the compound of butyraldehyde, of propionaldehyde, acetaldehyde, valeraldehyde, etc. The polymers, which are preferably added in amounts of between 0.5 and 50%, calculated on the mixture of phenol formaldehyde resin and furfuryl alcohol resin, can be dissolved in the mixtures or possibly added as fillers. The addition of polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl acetals containing 55-75%, preferably up to 67% of the hydroxyl groups that were originally present in the polyvinyl alcohol in acetalized form, has proven to be very advantageous. The polyvinyl acetals, of which polyvinyl butyral is particularly suitable, have the advantage that at the firing temperature they form a bond, probably an etherification, with the curing resins. An addition of paraformaldehyde in an amount of 10-50% calculated on the amount of the polyvinyl acetal causes a further significant improvement, presumably by a further network formation between the resins and the polyvinyl acetal.
Harpiksene som fåes ifølge oppfinnelsen har en vesentlig større alkalibestandig7 het enn de hittil kjente fenolformaldehydharpikser og er samtidig godt bestandige mot oppløsningsmidler, og har dessuten en god elastisitet og god vedhengende evne. The resins obtained according to the invention have a significantly greater alkali resistance than the hitherto known phenol formaldehyde resins and are at the same time well resistant to solvents, and also have good elasticity and good adhesion.
Overraskende oppviser de dessuten til tross for et forholdsvis lavt innhold av fenol-formaldehydharpikser en like så god Surprisingly, despite a relatively low content of phenol-formaldehyde resins, they also show just as good
bestandighet mot syrer av enhver konsentrasjon, særlig mot kensentrert svovelsyre i et stort temperaturområde som bare fenol-formaldehydharpiks. Denne sistnevnte resistance to acids of any concentration, especially to concentrated sulfuric acid in a wide temperature range as only phenol-formaldehyde resin. This latter
egenskap var ikke å vente, da herdede furfurylalkoholharpikser ellers bare er be- property was not to be expected, as hardened furfuryl alcohol resins are otherwise only be-
standige mot svovelsyre med en høyest konsentrasjon på 50 %. På grunn av de nevnte egenskaper er disse harpikser meget verdifulle for teknikken. resistant to sulfuric acid with a highest concentration of 50%. Because of the aforementioned properties, these resins are very valuable for the technique.
Harpiksblandinger ifølge oppfinnelsen egner seg eventuelt i forbindelse med eg-nede fyllstoffer særlig som varmeherdende harpikser og er derfor frem for alt egnet til fremstilling av mot syrer, alkalier og oppløsningsmiddel bestandige gjenstander, slik som plater, rør, skåler, vinkler eller andre formlegemer, som kan fåes ifølge kjente fremgangsmåter, samt til fremstilling av innbrente overtrekk. F. eks. anvendes en fenol-formaldehydharpiks som fremstiltes ved kondensasjon av fenol med formaldehyd i et molforhold på 1 : 1,2, fortrinnsvis i alkalisk område. Det kan også anvendes andre fenolformaldehyd-molforhold, men det er dog fordelaktig å anvende mellom 1 og 2 mol formaldehyd på et mol fenol. Det kan imidlertid også anvendes høyere formaldehyd: fenol-forhold. Kon-densasjonen kan videre foretas også i surt område. Resin mixtures according to the invention are, if necessary, suitable in connection with suitable fillers, especially as heat-setting resins and are therefore above all suitable for the production of objects resistant to acids, alkalis and solvents, such as plates, pipes, bowls, angles or other shaped bodies, which can be obtained according to known methods, as well as for the production of burned-in covers. For example a phenol-formaldehyde resin is used which was produced by condensation of phenol with formaldehyde in a molar ratio of 1:1.2, preferably in the alkaline range. Other phenol-formaldehyde mole ratios can also be used, but it is however advantageous to use between 1 and 2 moles of formaldehyde per mole of phenol. However, higher formaldehyde:phenol ratios can also be used. Condensation can also be carried out in acidic areas.
Som fenol-formaldehyd-harpikser kan de vanlige (alkyl)fenol-formaldehyd-harpikser, f. eks. harpikser av enkjernede enverdige fenoler, slik som fenol (C0H5OH), kresol eller xylenol anvendes. Furfurylalko-holharpiksen kan fremstilles ved konden-sasjonen av furfurylalkohol med seg selv på kjent måte, f. eks. i nærvær av syrer eller andre aktivatorer. Det ligger nær for en sakkyndig at som utgangsprodukter å anvende kondenserbare harpikser, dvs. flytende fenolformaldehydharpikser og flytende furfurylalkoholharpiks. As phenol-formaldehyde resins, the usual (alkyl)phenol-formaldehyde resins, e.g. resins of mononuclear monovalent phenols, such as phenol (C0H5OH), cresol or xylenol are used. The furfuryl alcohol resin can be produced by the condensation of furfuryl alcohol with itself in a known manner, e.g. in the presence of acids or other activators. It is easy for a person skilled in the art to use condensable resins as starting products, i.e. liquid phenol formaldehyde resins and liquid furfuryl alcohol resin.
Når det skal fremstilles innbrente overtrekk, kan harpiksene som fåes ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse også innstilles med et egnet oppløsningsmiddel, slik som — fortrinnsvis lavere — alkoholer, estere og/ eller ketoner, f. eks. med isopropanol, etyl-alkohol, aceton, butylalkohol, f. eks. se-kundær butanol, metyl- etylketon, metyl-isobutylketon, metylacetat, etylacetat, e.tylpropionat, butylacetat osv. til en styrke-egnet henholdsvis sprøyteegnet konsistens. F. eks. kan slike overtrekk fremstilles som følger: En flate på en jerngjenstand som skal beskyttes forberedes ved hjelp av sand-blåsning eller fosforsyrebehandling på vanlig måte. På denne flate påføres ett eller flere påstrøk av en f. eks. med et oppløsningsmiddel, slik som isopropanol, homogenisert blanding av furfurylalkoholharpiks og fenol-formaldehydharpiks in-nenfor de ovenfor angitte mengdeforhold, som etter hvert påstrøk tørkes ved ca. 100°. Det totale beskyttelsessjikt innbrennes deretter ved 150—180°. Varigheten av inn-brenningen retter seg etter gjenstandens størrelse. For enkle gjenstander, slik som tørrblikk, er en time tilstrekkelig. When baked-in coatings are to be produced, the resins obtained according to the present invention can also be set with a suitable solvent, such as — preferably lower — alcohols, esters and/or ketones, e.g. with isopropanol, ethyl alcohol, acetone, butyl alcohol, e.g. secondary butanol, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, e.tyl propionate, butyl acetate, etc. to a strength-suitable or spray-suitable consistency. For example such coatings can be produced as follows: A surface of an iron object to be protected is prepared by means of sandblasting or phosphoric acid treatment in the usual way. On this surface, one or more coats of an e.g. with a solvent, such as isopropanol, homogenized mixture of furfuryl alcohol resin and phenol-formaldehyde resin within the above stated quantity ratios, which after each coat is dried at approx. 100°. The total protective layer is then burned in at 150-180°. The duration of the burn-in depends on the size of the object. For simple objects, such as dry tin, one hour is sufficient.
Egenskapene for de overtrekk som fåes med de ovenfor beskrevne blandinger lar seg videre forbedre, f. eks. med hensyn til tetthet, elastisitet, vedheftning og bestandighet mot kjemikalier, når man også til-setter hydrofile addisjons-polymerisater hydroksyl-, acetal- eller karboksylgruppe-holdige forbindelser eller blandingspolymerisater, som inneholder slike forbindelser eller blandinger av de nevnte polymerisater. F. eks. kan disse polymerisater inneholde akrylsyre-, metakrylsyre-, vinylalkohol-, acetaliserte vinylalkoholgrupper osv. Som acetalet kommer forbindelsen av butyraldehyd, av propionaldehyd, av acetaldehyd, av valeraldehyd osv. på tale. Poly-merisatene som tilsettes fortrinnsvis i mengder mellom 0,5 og 50 %, beregnet på blandingen av fenol-formaldehydharpiks og furfurylalkoholharpiks, kan tilsettes oppløst i blandingen eller eventuelt som fyllstoffer. Meget fordelaktig har tilsetningen av polyvinylalkohol eller polyvinylacetaler vist seg å være, som inneholder 55 til 75 %, fortrinnsvis inntil 67 % av det opprinnelige i polyvinylalkoholen forhånden værende hydroksylgrupper i acetalisert form. Polyvinylacetalene, av hvilke polyvinylbutyral egner seg særlig, har den fordel at de ved innbrenningstemperaturen inngår en binding med de herdende harpikser, sannsynligvis en foretring. En tilsetning av paraformaldehyd i en mengde på 10—50 %, beregnet på mengden av polyvinylacetalet, bevirker en videre betydelig forbedring, formodentlig ved en videre nettdannelse mellom harpiksene og polyvinylacetalet. The properties of the coatings obtained with the above-described mixtures can be further improved, e.g. with regard to density, elasticity, adhesion and resistance to chemicals, when one also adds hydrophilic addition polymers, hydroxyl-, acetal- or carboxyl group-containing compounds or mixed polymers, which contain such compounds or mixtures of the aforementioned polymers. For example these polymers can contain acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, vinyl alcohol, acetalized vinyl alcohol groups, etc. As the acetal, the compound of butyraldehyde, of propionaldehyde, of acetaldehyde, of valeraldehyde, etc. comes into question. The polymers which are preferably added in amounts between 0.5 and 50%, calculated on the mixture of phenol-formaldehyde resin and furfuryl alcohol resin, can be added dissolved in the mixture or possibly as fillers. The addition of polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl acetals has proven to be very advantageous, containing 55 to 75%, preferably up to 67% of the hydroxyl groups originally present in the polyvinyl alcohol in acetalized form. The polyvinyl acetals, of which polyvinyl butyral is particularly suitable, have the advantage that at the firing temperature they form a bond with the curing resins, probably an etherification. An addition of paraformaldehyde in an amount of 10-50%, calculated on the amount of the polyvinyl acetal, causes a further significant improvement, presumably by a further network formation between the resins and the polyvinyl acetal.
Beskyttelsesovertrekkets egenskaper kan videre forbedres på gunstig måte ved hjelp av slike stoffer som både oppviser en god kjemisk bestandighet og en god varme-ledningsevne. Hertil er grafitt eller kunstig grafitt, f. eks. koksmel, egnet. Dog kan det tilsettes andre vilkårlige kjemisk bestandige fyllstoffer eller pigmenter. Som andre inerte fyllstoffer kommer f. eks. på tale silicium, siliciumkarbid, siliciumdioksyd, f. eks. form av kvarts, titandioksyd, bari-umsulfat osv. De maksimale mengder av fyllmiddel som kan tilsettes harpiksene som fåes ifølge oppfinnelsen kan lett be-stemmes av en sakkyndig. The properties of the protective coating can further be improved in a favorable way with the help of such substances which exhibit both good chemical resistance and good thermal conductivity. In addition, graphite or artificial graphite, e.g. coke flour, suitable. However, other arbitrary chemically resistant fillers or pigments can be added. Like other inert fillers, e.g. in terms of silicon, silicon carbide, silicon dioxide, e.g. form of quartz, titanium dioxide, barium sulfate, etc. The maximum amounts of filler that can be added to the resins obtained according to the invention can be easily determined by an expert.
Som inerte fyllmidler egner seg også videre kjemisk bestandige hydrofobe poly-merisasjonsharpikser, f. eks. herdede fe-nolaldehydharpikser eller addisjonspolymerisater, slik som polyvinylklorid, poly-monoklortrifluoretylen, polytetrafluorety-len, polystyrol, polyisobutylen, polyetylen og blandingspolymerisater av disse. Also suitable as inert fillers are chemically resistant hydrophobic polymerization resins, e.g. hardened phenol aldehyde resins or addition polymers, such as polyvinyl chloride, poly-monochlorotrifluoroethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polystyrene, polyisobutylene, polyethylene and mixed polymers thereof.
De overtrekk som fremstilles med harpiksene ifølge oppfinnelsen finner i teknikken en utbredt anvendelse, f. eks. til beskyttelse av beholdere, rør, avtrekkska-naler, tørreblikk eller likende ting, som er utsatt for en påkjenning av sterke syrer, lut og oppløsningsmidler. Ved hjelp av overtrekkene kan ikke bare metalliske, men også gummilag beskyttes. The coatings produced with the resins according to the invention find widespread use in the technique, e.g. for the protection of containers, pipes, exhaust ducts, drying tins or similar things, which are exposed to stress from strong acids, lye and solvents. With the help of the covers, not only metallic but also rubber layers can be protected.
Harpiksene som fåes ifølge oppfinnelsen egner seg også som støpemasse, som på grunn av deres lille elektrolyttinnhold har gode isolerende egenskaper. De egner seg derfor også for isolatorer, da de oppviser en høy temperaturbestandighet. The resins obtained according to the invention are also suitable as molding compounds, which, due to their low electrolyte content, have good insulating properties. They are therefore also suitable for insulators, as they exhibit a high temperature resistance.
Eksempel: Example:
465 vektsdeler av en furfurylalkoholharpiks med en viskositet på ca. 500 cP og 125 vektsdeler av en 75 %'s oppløsning av en fenolresol i metanol, samt 100 vektsdeler av en 35 %'s metanolisk oppløsning av polyvinyl-butyral, i hvilken ca. 35 % av den opprinnelige i polyvinylalkohol forhånden værende fri hydroksylgrupper er ubundne, homogeniseres og tilberedes for påføring av beskyttelsespåstrøk. (Oppløs-ning A). 465 parts by weight of a furfuryl alcohol resin with a viscosity of approx. 500 cP and 125 parts by weight of a 75% solution of a phenol resole in methanol, as well as 100 parts by weight of a 35% methanolic solution of polyvinyl butyral, in which approx. 35% of the free hydroxyl groups originally present in polyvinyl alcohol are unbound, homogenized and prepared for the application of a protective coating. (Solution A).
600 vektsdeler av denne oppløsning 600 parts by weight of this solution
homogeniseres med 450 vektsdeler kunstig grafitt (f. eks. koksmel), 150 vektsdeler fnokkgrafitt, av hvilke i begge tilfelle ikke mer enn 5 % rest blir tilbake på 10 000-maskerssikt, samt 300 vektsdeler isopropanol. (Oppløsning B). is homogenized with 450 parts by weight artificial graphite (e.g. coke flour), 150 parts by weight flake graphite, of which in both cases no more than 5% residue remains on a 10,000-mesh sieve, and 300 parts by weight isopropanol. (Solution B).
For de i den nedenfor stående tabell angitte andre blandingsforhold av fenol-og furfurylalkoholharpikser forandres de under A angitte vektsforhold da tilsvar-ende. For the other mixing ratios of phenol and furfuryl alcohol resins specified in the table below, the weight ratios specified under A are then changed accordingly.
Med oppløsningen A og B fremstilles With the solution A and B are prepared
følgende beskyttelsesovertrekk: the following protective cover:
Et blikk som er befridd for rust og for-beredt ved sandblåsing eller ved en fosfa-tisering bestrykes to ganger med oppløs-ning B. Etter hvert påstrøk tørkes for for-dampning av oppløsningsmidlet i 30 mi-nutter ved 100° C, deretter påføres et på-strøk av oppløsning A, og blikket brennes deretter 1 time ved 180° C. Antall påstrøk kan eventuelt økes. Således erholdte prø-veblikk innstilles i følgende reagenser : 15 — henholdsvis 40 %'s natronlut og 96 %'s svovelsyre. Prøvingen i reagensmidlene fo-regår både ved romtemperatur og ved 100° C. Resultatene av prøvene er sammen-fattet i følgende tabell. Av denne sees at den kjemiske bestandighet for fenol-formaldehydharpiks - furfurylalkoholharpiks-blandingene, hvor forholdet mellom fenol harpiks er 1:1 eller 2:1, er betydelig min-formaldehydharpiks og furfurylalkohol- dre. A tin that has been freed from rust and prepared by sandblasting or by phosphating is coated twice with solution B. After each coating, the solvent is dried to evaporate the solvent for 30 minutes at 100° C, then applied one coat of solution A, and the tin is then fired for 1 hour at 180° C. The number of coats can possibly be increased. Samples thus obtained are set in the following reagents: 15 — respectively 40% caustic soda and 96% sulfuric acid. The testing of the reagents takes place both at room temperature and at 100° C. The results of the tests are summarized in the following table. From this it can be seen that the chemical resistance of the phenol-formaldehyde resin - furfuryl alcohol resin mixtures, where the ratio between phenol resin is 1:1 or 2:1, is significant min-formaldehyde resin and furfuryl alcohol- dre.
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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PL108328A PL52185B1 (en) | 1965-04-09 |
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NO119341B true NO119341B (en) | 1970-05-04 |
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NO162474A NO119341B (en) | 1965-04-09 | 1966-04-05 |
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BE (1) | BE679280A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1256816B (en) |
GB (1) | GB1139092A (en) |
NL (1) | NL6604711A (en) |
NO (1) | NO119341B (en) |
SE (1) | SE336729B (en) |
Families Citing this family (21)
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SE376859B (en) * | 1974-06-20 | 1975-06-16 | Vni Pk T I Elektrosvarotschno | |
US4129772A (en) * | 1976-10-12 | 1978-12-12 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Electrode structures for high energy high temperature plasmas |
US4549065A (en) * | 1983-01-21 | 1985-10-22 | Technology Application Services Corporation | Plasma generator and method |
DE3642375A1 (en) * | 1986-12-11 | 1988-06-23 | Castolin Sa | METHOD FOR APPLYING AN INTERNAL COATING INTO TUBES OD. DGL. CAVITY NARROW CROSS SECTION AND PLASMA SPLASH BURNER DAFUER |
DE3840485A1 (en) * | 1988-12-01 | 1990-06-07 | Mannesmann Ag | LIQUID-COOLED PLASMA TORCH WITH TRANSFERED ARC |
DE4022111A1 (en) * | 1990-07-11 | 1992-01-23 | Krupp Gmbh | PLASMA TORCH FOR TRANSFERED ARC |
DE4034731A1 (en) * | 1990-10-30 | 1992-05-07 | Mannesmann Ag | PLASMA BURNER FOR MELTING AND KEEPING WARM MATERIALS TO BE TREATED |
US5208441A (en) * | 1991-04-29 | 1993-05-04 | Century Manufacturing Co. | Plasma arc ignition system |
CH687354A5 (en) * | 1992-06-18 | 1996-11-15 | Rodasky Etablissement | Electrode for plasma cutting torch of metal |
DE4228064A1 (en) * | 1992-08-24 | 1994-03-03 | Plasma Technik Ag | Plasma spray gun |
WO2001043155A1 (en) * | 1999-12-07 | 2001-06-14 | Trusi Technologies, Llc | Hollow electrode for plasma generation |
TW469757B (en) * | 1999-12-13 | 2001-12-21 | Nippon Steel Corp | A transferred plasma heating anode |
US6621199B1 (en) * | 2000-01-21 | 2003-09-16 | Vortek Industries Ltd. | High intensity electromagnetic radiation apparatus and method |
US7781947B2 (en) * | 2004-02-12 | 2010-08-24 | Mattson Technology Canada, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for producing electromagnetic radiation |
DE102010006786A1 (en) | 2010-02-04 | 2011-08-04 | Holma Ag | Nozzle for a liquid-cooled plasma cutting torch |
WO2012040998A1 (en) * | 2010-09-28 | 2012-04-05 | Zhou Kaigen | Electric arc plasma torch and application method thereof |
US9114475B2 (en) * | 2012-03-15 | 2015-08-25 | Holma Ag | Plasma electrode for a plasma cutting device |
CN103458602A (en) * | 2013-09-05 | 2013-12-18 | 南京理工大学 | Electrode water-cooling integrated supersonic speed plasma torch |
US10492286B2 (en) * | 2016-04-11 | 2019-11-26 | Hypertherm, Inc. | Plasma arc cutting system, including retaining caps, and other consumables, and related operational methods |
CZ202054A3 (en) * | 2020-02-05 | 2021-03-03 | B&Bartoni, spol. s r.o. | Electrode set for plasma arc torch with improved electric current transfer |
US11974384B2 (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2024-04-30 | The Esab Group Inc. | Consumables for cutting torches |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US2960594A (en) * | 1958-06-30 | 1960-11-15 | Plasma Flame Corp | Plasma flame generator |
US3116405A (en) * | 1961-03-23 | 1963-12-31 | Thermal Dynamics Corp | Electric arc torches |
NL290760A (en) * | 1962-03-30 | |||
US3294953A (en) * | 1963-12-19 | 1966-12-27 | Air Reduction | Plasma torch electrode and assembly |
US3309492A (en) * | 1963-12-30 | 1967-03-14 | Lockheed Aircraft Corp | High ampere machine welding torch |
FR1428278A (en) * | 1964-03-07 | 1966-02-11 | Inst Badan Jadrowych | Nitrogen plasma generator |
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1966
- 1966-04-05 NO NO162474A patent/NO119341B/no unknown
- 1966-04-05 DE DEJ30544A patent/DE1256816B/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1966-04-06 SE SE04767/66A patent/SE336729B/xx unknown
- 1966-04-06 US US540750A patent/US3463957A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1966-04-07 GB GB15749/66A patent/GB1139092A/en not_active Expired
- 1966-04-07 NL NL6604711A patent/NL6604711A/xx unknown
- 1966-04-08 BE BE679280D patent/BE679280A/xx unknown
Also Published As
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DE1256816B (en) | 1967-12-21 |
NL6604711A (en) | 1966-10-10 |
GB1139092A (en) | 1969-01-08 |
US3463957A (en) | 1969-08-26 |
SE336729B (en) | 1971-07-12 |
BE679280A (en) | 1966-09-16 |
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