NO115358B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO115358B NO115358B NO143951A NO14395162A NO115358B NO 115358 B NO115358 B NO 115358B NO 143951 A NO143951 A NO 143951A NO 14395162 A NO14395162 A NO 14395162A NO 115358 B NO115358 B NO 115358B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- salt
- lubricant according
- oil
- emulsion
- metal
- Prior art date
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007762 w/o emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 alkyl salicylate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium acetate Chemical group [Ca+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001639 calcium acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960005147 calcium acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011092 calcium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrate group Chemical group [N+](=O)([O-])[O-] NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 3
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229940031826 phenolate Drugs 0.000 claims 2
- JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound N.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C2=NON=C12 JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M phenolate Chemical compound [O-]C1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004707 phenolate Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 229960001860 salicylate Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Guanidine Chemical compound NC(N)=N ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010688 mineral lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- RAFRTSDUWORDLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl 3-chloropropanoate Chemical compound ClCCC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RAFRTSDUWORDLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000010689 synthetic lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108010007979 Glycocholic Acid Proteins 0.000 description 1
- CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-guanidine Natural products CNC(N)=N CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic acid Chemical class CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940078480 calcium levulinate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical class [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- HCAJEUSONLESMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylsulfamic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)NC1CCCCC1 HCAJEUSONLESMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminoamidine Natural products CN(C)C(N)=N SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010685 fatty oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004675 formic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RFDAIACWWDREDC-FRVQLJSFSA-N glycocholic acid Chemical compound C([C@H]1C[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC(=O)NCC(O)=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C1 RFDAIACWWDREDC-FRVQLJSFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- APLYTANMTDCWTA-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium;phthalate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O APLYTANMTDCWTA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002826 nitrites Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003873 salicylate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OKUCEQDKBKYEJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 3-(methylamino)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CNC1CCN(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)C1 OKUCEQDKBKYEJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C49/02—Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison
- B29C49/04—Extrusion blow-moulding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
- B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
- B29C55/10—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets multiaxial
- B29C55/12—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets multiaxial biaxial
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C71/00—After-treatment of articles without altering their shape; Apparatus therefor
- B29C71/0072—After-treatment of articles without altering their shape; Apparatus therefor for changing orientation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
- B29C48/0017—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with blow-moulding or thermoforming
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
- B29C48/0018—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with shaping by orienting, stretching or shrinking, e.g. film blowing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
- B29C48/0019—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with shaping by flattening, folding or bending
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
- B29C48/10—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels flexible, e.g. blown foils
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Shaping By String And By Release Of Stress In Plastics And The Like (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Description
Smøremidler, særlig for dieselmotorer. Lubricants, especially for diesel engines.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår smøre-midler, særlig for dieselmotorer. Smøremid-lene ifølge oppfinnelsen består av vann-i-olje emulsjoner i hvilke oljefasen har en smøreoljes viskositet og hvis vandige fase inneholder et salt. Det er funnet at slike emulsjoner er meget fordelaktige som smø-remidler for sylindre i forbrenningsmotorer, særlig dieselmotorer, som drives med et svovelholdig drivstoff. The present invention relates to lubricants, particularly for diesel engines. The lubricants according to the invention consist of water-in-oil emulsions in which the oil phase has the viscosity of a lubricating oil and whose aqueous phase contains a salt. It has been found that such emulsions are very advantageous as lubricants for cylinders in internal combustion engines, especially diesel engines, which are operated with a sulfur-containing fuel.
Det er tidligere foreslått å smøre damp-maskiners sylindre med emulsjoner frem-stillet av en vandig oppløsning av kalium-karbonat eller kalsiumhydroksyd og en mi-neralsk smøreolje. Det er videre foreslått å forbedre smøreevnen hos vann-i-olje emulsjoner ved tilsetning av et nitrit, særlig kalsiumnitrit, i et mengdeforhold på 0,1 —1 pst. Det er også foreslått å forbedre renseevnen hos vannfrie smøreoljer, særlig for dieselmotorer, ved å føre inn i slike oljer en liten mengde av et salt av en fettsyre med mindre enn 5 kullstoffatomer i molekylet og et metall av gruppene II, III eller IV av elementenes periodiske system. It has previously been proposed to lubricate the cylinders of steam engines with emulsions prepared from an aqueous solution of potassium carbonate or calcium hydroxide and a mineral lubricating oil. It is further proposed to improve the lubricity of water-in-oil emulsions by adding a nitrite, especially calcium nitrite, in a quantity ratio of 0.1 -1 per cent. It is also proposed to improve the cleaning ability of water-free lubricating oils, particularly for diesel engines, by introducing into such oils a small amount of a salt of a fatty acid with less than 5 carbon atoms in the molecule and a metal of groups II, III or IV of the periodic table of elements.
Når forbrenningsmotorer drives med drivstoff med relativt høye svovelinhold, har man det spesielle problem at der finner sted en meget sterkere slitasje som blandt annet forårsakes av korrosjon, særlig korrosjon av sylindervegger og stempelringer, enn i de tilfelle hvor der brukes et svovelfritt eller praktisk talt svovelfritt drivstoff. Da drivstoffer med relativt høye svovelinnhold ofte brukes i dieselmotorer, f. eks. dieselmotorer i skib, er nevnte problem særlig viktig i forbindelse med drift av dieselmotorer. When internal combustion engines are operated with fuel with a relatively high sulfur content, one has the particular problem that much stronger wear takes place, which is caused, among other things, by corrosion, particularly corrosion of cylinder walls and piston rings, than in cases where a sulfur-free or practically sulfur-free fuel is used fuel. As fuels with a relatively high sulfur content are often used in diesel engines, e.g. diesel engines in ships, the aforementioned problem is particularly important in connection with the operation of diesel engines.
For å minske denne skadelige virkning av svovelinnholdet i motordrivstoffer på forbrenningsmotorers sylindre er det tidligere foreslått å tilsette basiske stoffer som anilin og guanidin til den smøreolje som brukes i motorer som drives med svovelholdige drivstoffer. In order to reduce this harmful effect of the sulfur content in engine fuels on internal combustion engine cylinders, it has previously been proposed to add basic substances such as aniline and guanidine to the lubricating oil used in engines that run on sulfur-containing fuels.
Det er nu funnet at den slitasje som forårsakes ved anvendelse av svovelholdige drivstoffer i forbrenningsmotorer kan min-skes betydelig ved å smøre motorenes sylindre med vann-i-olje emulsjoner hvis olj ef ase har en smøreoljes viskositet og hvis vandige fase inneholder i oppløst tilstand enten et organisk salt av et toverdig metall i et mengdeforhold som tilsvarer minst 0,025 mol pr. kg av hele emulsjonens vekt, eller et anorganisk salt av et toverdig metall i et mengdeforhold som tilsvare minst 0,1 mol pr. kg av hele emulsjonens vekt. It has now been found that the wear caused by the use of sulfur-containing fuels in internal combustion engines can be significantly reduced by lubricating the engine's cylinders with water-in-oil emulsions whose oil phase has the viscosity of a lubricating oil and whose aqueous phase contains in dissolved state either an organic salt of a divalent metal in a proportion corresponding to at least 0.025 mol per kg of the entire weight of the emulsion, or an inorganic salt of a divalent metal in a proportion corresponding to at least 0.1 mol per kg of the entire weight of the emulsion.
De karakteristiske hovedtrekk ved smøremidlet ifølge oppfinnelsen som særlig er egnet for dieselmotorer er følgelig at smøremidlet består av en vann-i-olje emulsjon hvis olj ef ase har en smøreoljes viskositet og hvis vandige fase inneholder i opp-løst tilstand et organisk salt av et toverdig metall i et mengdeforhold som tilsvarer minst 0,025 mol pr. kg av hele emulsjonen eller alternativt et anorganisk salt av et toverdig metall i et mengdeforhold som tilsvarer 0,1 mol pr. kg av hele emulsjonen. The main characteristic features of the lubricant according to the invention, which is particularly suitable for diesel engines, are consequently that the lubricant consists of a water-in-oil emulsion whose oil phase has the viscosity of a lubricating oil and whose aqueous phase contains in dissolved state an organic salt of a divalent metal in a proportion corresponding to at least 0.025 mol per kg of the entire emulsion or alternatively an inorganic salt of a divalent metal in a proportion corresponding to 0.1 mol per kg of the entire emulsion.
Slike vann-i-olje emulsjoner er fordelaktige som sylindersmøremidler for forbrenningsmotorer, særlig dieselmotorer, som drives med drivstoff med et svovelinnhold på minst 0,1 vekt-pst., beregnet som elementært svovel. Der er ikke nogen bestemt øvre grense for svovelinnholdet i de drivstoffer for forbrenningsmotorer hvis sylindre smøres med smøremidler ifølge oppfinnelsen. Også i motorer som drives med drivstoffer med meget høye svovelinnhold, f. eks. 5 vekt-pst. eller høyere, oppnåes der en betydelig minskning av slitasjen ved anvendelse av nevnte vann-i-olje emulsjoner som sylindersmøremidler. I mange tilfelle brukes der drivstoffer som har svovelinnhold på 0,5—3,5 vekt-pst., og særlig 1—3 vekt-pst. De svovelholdige drivstoffer kan være mineraloljedestillater eller residuumoljer. Vann-i-olje emulsjoner iføl-ge oppfinnelsen kan også brukes i motorer som drives med gassformige drivstoffer hvis svovelinnhold er 0,1 vekt-pst. eller mere. Such water-in-oil emulsions are advantageous as cylinder lubricants for internal combustion engines, especially diesel engines, which are operated with fuel with a sulfur content of at least 0.1% by weight, calculated as elemental sulphur. There is no specific upper limit for the sulfur content in the fuels for internal combustion engines whose cylinders are lubricated with lubricants according to the invention. Also in engines that run on fuels with a very high sulfur content, e.g. 5 weight percent. or higher, a significant reduction in wear is achieved by using said water-in-oil emulsions as cylinder lubricants. In many cases, fuels are used that have a sulfur content of 0.5-3.5% by weight, and in particular 1-3% by weight. The sulfur-containing fuels can be mineral oil distillates or residue oils. Water-in-oil emulsions according to the invention can also be used in engines that are operated with gaseous fuels whose sulfur content is 0.1% by weight. or more.
Oppfinnelsen omfatter videre en fremgangsmåte til smøring av forbrenningsmotorer, særlig dieselmotorer som drives med et drivstoff hvis svovelinnhold er minst 0,1 vekt-pst. beregnet som eleméntært svovel og de karakteristiske hovedtrekk ved denne fremgangsmåte er at smøringen av moto-rens sylindre utføres med en vann-i-olje emulsjon hvis olj ef ase har en smøreoljes viskositet og hvis vandige fase inneholder minst 0.025 mol. pr. kg av hele emulsjonen av et organisk salt av et toverdig metall, eller alternativt minst 0,1 mol pr. kg av hele emulsjonen av et anorganisk salt av et toverdig metall. The invention further comprises a method for lubricating internal combustion engines, in particular diesel engines which are operated with a fuel whose sulfur content is at least 0.1% by weight. calculated as elemental sulphur, and the main characteristic features of this method are that the lubrication of the engine's cylinders is carried out with a water-in-oil emulsion whose oil phase has the viscosity of a lubricating oil and whose aqueous phase contains at least 0.025 mol. per kg of the entire emulsion of an organic salt of a divalent metal, or alternatively at least 0.1 mol per kg of the whole emulsion of an inorganic salt of a divalent metal.
Bruken av de nevnte emulsjoner er særlig fordelaktig i forbrenningsmotorer som drives med drivstoffer med svovelinnhold på minst 0,1 pst. beregnet som elmentært svovel. Det er ingen bestemt øvre grense for disse drivstoffers svovelinnhold. Også i motorer som drives med drivstoffer med meget høyt svovelinnhold, f. eks. 5 vekt-pst. eller høyere, oppnåes der en betydelig re-duksjon av slitasjen ved bruk av de ovenfor angitte vann-i-olje-emulsjoner som sylin-dersmøremiddel. I mange tilfelle brukes der drivstoffer med et svovelinnhold på 0,5—3,5 vekt-pst., og særlig 1—3 vekt-pst. De svovelholdige drivstoffer kan være mineraloljedestillater eller residuumoljer. Vann-i-olje-emulsjonen ifølge oppfinnelsen kan også brukes i motorer som drives med gassformige drivstoffer som har et svovelinnhold på minst 0,01 vekt-pst. og særlig på 0,1 vekt-pst. eller høyere. The use of the aforementioned emulsions is particularly advantageous in internal combustion engines which are operated with fuels with a sulfur content of at least 0.1 per cent calculated as elemental sulphur. There is no specific upper limit for the sulfur content of these fuels. Also in engines that run on fuels with a very high sulfur content, e.g. 5 weight percent or higher, a significant reduction in wear is achieved by using the above-mentioned water-in-oil emulsions as cylinder lubricant. In many cases, fuels with a sulfur content of 0.5-3.5% by weight, and especially 1-3% by weight, are used there. The sulfur-containing fuels can be mineral oil distillates or residue oils. The water-in-oil emulsion according to the invention can also be used in engines which are operated with gaseous fuels which have a sulfur content of at least 0.01% by weight. and in particular at 0.1% by weight. or higher.
De angitte vann- i-olje-emulsjoner er særlig egnet til bruk i forbrenningsmotorer med separat sylindersmøring. De kan imidlertid også brukes i forbrenningsmotorer med skvalpesmøring. Ved anvendelse av emulsjonene i motorer av den sistnevnte type kan det være fordelaktig å forhindre fordampning av vannet fra vann-i-olje-emulsjonen ved høye temperaturer i veiv-kassen og å forhindre de oppløste salter fra å skille seg ut fra vann-i-olje-emulsjonen. Dette kan, f. eks. oppnås ved hjelp av sær-lige kjøleanordninger. The indicated water-in-oil emulsions are particularly suitable for use in internal combustion engines with separate cylinder lubrication. However, they can also be used in internal combustion engines with splash lubrication. When using the emulsions in engines of the latter type, it can be advantageous to prevent evaporation of the water from the water-in-oil emulsion at high temperatures in the crankcase and to prevent the dissolved salts from separating from the water-in- the oil emulsion. This can, e.g. achieved by means of special cooling devices.
De foretrukne salter som er oppløst i den vandige fase i emulsjonene ifølge oppfinnelsen er salter av metaller av den annen gruppe av elementenes periodiske system, og særlig salter av jordalkalimetal-lene, spesielt kalsium og barium, samt salter av magnesium, sink og kadmium. Bly-salter er også egnet. The preferred salts which are dissolved in the aqueous phase in the emulsions according to the invention are salts of metals of the second group of the elements' periodic system, and in particular salts of the alkaline earth metals, especially calcium and barium, as well as salts of magnesium, zinc and cadmium. Lead salts are also suitable.
Organiske salter som er særlig egnet for anvendelse i nevnte vann-i-olje-emulsjoner er salter av de lavere fettsyrer, særlig fettsyrer med 1—3 kullstoffatomer. Således er formiater, acetater og propionater foretrukne salter. Andre eksempler på egnede salter av organiske syrer er salicylatene av kalsium, barium og magnesium, magne-siumftalat, kalsiumlevulinat, kalsiumglyko-kolat og magnesiumsuccinat. Organic salts which are particularly suitable for use in said water-in-oil emulsions are salts of the lower fatty acids, especially fatty acids with 1-3 carbon atoms. Thus formates, acetates and propionates are preferred salts. Other examples of suitable salts of organic acids are the salicylates of calcium, barium and magnesium, magnesium phthalate, calcium levulinate, calcium glycocholate and magnesium succinate.
Anorganiske salter som er særlig fordelaktige for anvendelse i emulsjonene ifølge oppfinnelsen er nitratene og nitri-tene. Andre eksempler på egnede anorganiske salter er kromater og sulfater. Inorganic salts which are particularly advantageous for use in the emulsions according to the invention are the nitrates and nitrites. Other examples of suitable inorganic salts are chromates and sulphates.
Ved bruken av vann-i-olje-emulsjonene ifølge oppfinelsen som sylindersmøre-midler i motorer som drives med et svovelholdig drivstoff bør saltet fortrinsvis være tilstede i disse emulsjoners vandige fase i en konsentrasjon på mere enn 0,5 mol pr. liter, idet en konsentrasjon på minst 1 mol pr. liter særlig foretrekkes. Følgelig foretrekkes det å bruke salter som er lett opp-løselige i vann. Om ønskes kan saltets opp-løselighet i vann økes ved samtidig bruk av hjelpestoffer som fremmer denne oppløse-lighet. Det kan være fordelaktig å påse at konsentrasjonen av saltet i vann-i-olje-emulsjonens vandige fase ikke er så høy at metningskonsentrasjonen overskrides ved noen av de temperaturer som emulsjonen kan bringes på i motorer. Imidlertid er det ikke alltid en ulempe at vann-i-olje-emulsjonens vandige fase også inneholder ikke oppløste, dispergerte eller krystalliserte salter foruten oppløst salt. When using the water-in-oil emulsions according to the invention as cylinder lubricants in engines that are operated with a sulfur-containing fuel, the salt should preferably be present in the aqueous phase of these emulsions in a concentration of more than 0.5 mol per litre, with a concentration of at least 1 mol per liters are particularly preferred. Accordingly, it is preferred to use salts that are easily soluble in water. If desired, the salt's solubility in water can be increased by the simultaneous use of auxiliaries that promote this solubility. It can be advantageous to ensure that the concentration of the salt in the aqueous phase of the water-in-oil emulsion is not so high that the saturation concentration is exceeded at some of the temperatures that the emulsion can be brought to in engines. However, it is not always a disadvantage that the aqueous phase of the water-in-oil emulsion also contains undissolved, dispersed or crystallized salts in addition to dissolved salt.
Den totale mengde salt som brukes i emulsjonene er i sin alminnelighet større når emulsjonen skal brukes som smøremid-del i motorer som drives med et drivstoff med et høyere svovelinnhold, enn når emulsjonen brukes som smøremiddel i motorer hvis drivstoff har et lavere svovelinnhold. The total amount of salt used in the emulsions is generally greater when the emulsion is to be used as a lubricant component in engines operated with a fuel with a higher sulfur content, than when the emulsion is used as a lubricant in engines whose fuel has a lower sulfur content.
De nevnte vann-i-olje-emulsjoners vandige fase kan også inneholde blandinger av de nevnte salter. Således kan denne vandige fase inneholde f. eks. et nitrat eller nitrit av et metall av annen gruppe av elementenes periodiske system, som kalsium-nitrat, og/eller kalsiumnitrit, sammen med et organisk salt av et metall av samme gruppe av elementenes periodiske system, som kalsiumacetat. The aqueous phase of the mentioned water-in-oil emulsions can also contain mixtures of the mentioned salts. Thus, this aqueous phase can contain e.g. a nitrate or nitrite of a metal of another group of the periodic system of the elements, such as calcium nitrate, and/or calcium nitrite, together with an organic salt of a metal of the same group of the periodic system of the elements, such as calcium acetate.
Viskositeten av emulsjonenes oljebestanddel kan variere innen vide grenser og ligger i alminnelighet mellom 20 centistoke ved 50° C og 120 centistoke ved 100° C. De vanlige mineralske smøreoljer kan brukes som oljebestanddelen, men residuumoljer såvel som destillater er også egnet. Videre kan der brukes syntetiske oljer med smøre-oljers viskositet. Der kan her komme i be-traktning syntetiske smøreoljer av kull-vannstofftypen, f. eks. oljer av polymerisat-eller alkylattypen såvelsom syntetiske smøreoljer av andre typer som f. eks. estere. Emulsjonens oljebestanddel kan også bestå av blandinger av smøreoljer av forskjellige typer. Slike blandinger kan inneholde fete oljer. De vanlige tilsetningsmidler til smøreoljer som heldepunktnedsettende midler, viskositetindeks-forbedrende midler, tilsetninger for smøremidlers anvendelse under høyt trykk, antioksydasjonsmidler, antiskumningsmidler, rensemidler og midler mot slitasje kan være tilstede i oljefasen. The viscosity of the oil component of the emulsions can vary within wide limits and is generally between 20 centistokes at 50° C and 120 centistokes at 100° C. The usual mineral lubricating oils can be used as the oil component, but residue oils as well as distillates are also suitable. Furthermore, synthetic oils with the viscosity of lubricating oils can be used. Synthetic lubricating oils of the coal-hydrogen type can be considered here, e.g. oils of the polymer or alkylate type as well as synthetic lubricating oils of other types such as e.g. esters. The emulsion's oil component can also consist of mixtures of lubricating oils of different types. Such mixtures may contain fatty oils. The usual additives to lubricating oils such as pour point depressants, viscosity index improvers, additives for use of lubricants under high pressure, antioxidants, antifoams, cleaning agents and antiwear agents may be present in the oil phase.
Claims (16)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB13192/61A GB954254A (en) | 1961-04-12 | 1961-04-12 | Improvements in or relating to linear organic thermoplastic film manufacture |
GB4603861 | 1961-12-22 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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NO115358B true NO115358B (en) | 1968-09-23 |
Family
ID=26249613
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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NO143951A NO115358B (en) | 1961-04-12 | 1962-04-06 |
Country Status (8)
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AT (1) | AT247595B (en) |
CH (1) | CH405681A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1504393B2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK111539B (en) |
ES (1) | ES276416A1 (en) |
FI (1) | FI41605B (en) |
NO (1) | NO115358B (en) |
SE (1) | SE211592C1 (en) |
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SE437490B (en) * | 1982-10-18 | 1985-03-04 | Unifos Kemi Ab | PROCEDURES FOR CONTINUOUS FILM BLASTING OF LINER THERMOPLASTIC MATERIAL |
-
1962
- 1962-04-06 NO NO143951A patent/NO115358B/no unknown
- 1962-04-11 SE SE403462A patent/SE211592C1/sv unknown
- 1962-04-11 CH CH438162A patent/CH405681A/en unknown
- 1962-04-11 FI FI0759/62A patent/FI41605B/fi active
- 1962-04-11 AT AT301862A patent/AT247595B/en active
- 1962-04-11 DE DE19621504393 patent/DE1504393B2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1962-04-12 DK DK168062AA patent/DK111539B/en unknown
- 1962-04-12 ES ES276416A patent/ES276416A1/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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SE211592C1 (en) | 1967-03-14 |
DE1504393B2 (en) | 1971-01-07 |
DE1504393A1 (en) | 1969-02-06 |
FI41605B (en) | 1969-09-01 |
AT247595B (en) | 1966-06-10 |
ES276416A1 (en) | 1962-06-16 |
DK111539B (en) | 1968-09-09 |
CH405681A (en) | 1966-01-15 |
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