NL8201303A - Wind turbine with rotating guide vane - effective at fluctuating wind conditions and positioned near root of blades having adjustable support arms - Google Patents

Abstract

A wind turbine has a horizontal shaft and guide vanes rotating with the blade rotor to produce max. efficiency. It is quite effective in conditions where the strength of the wind varies strongly in a short period. The rotor shaft is aligned parallel to the direction of the wind. The setting of the blades is controlled by propelling blades and guide vanes. One of the guide vanes is located near the root of the blade close to the rotor shaft. There are support arms with the guide vanes on the root of the blade for adjustable rotor blades. They are placed in the direction of flow w.r.t. the rotor blades pointing to the rear.

Description

. -1- i: 1. .-:: 1 ""! 1! Horizontal axis wind turbine equipped with I --------- I or more steering vanes rotating with the blade rotor.

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t! The invention relates to a wind-driven turbine provided with one or more control vanes rotating with the blade 1.1. ! and / or control a wealth regulation. j I i! 5; The object of the invention is to design a wind turbine in this way; that optimal functioning is achieved, especially in! those situations where the wind strength within a short time:

I cutlery varies widely. I

10 In the hitherto known wind turbines provided with j f · i j steering vanes rotating with the blade rotor, these steering l | vanes applied as one with the horizontal tail plane of aircraft similar, rotor blade adjusting, control surface.

I The rotor blades or rotor blade parts adjusted in this way: 15 are more or less free for this purpose, between two stops, turn j! mounted on a shaft which intersects or cuts the rotor shaft in a radial sense. The mass point of the rotor blade and / or steering wheel; i! ! van is thereby in or near its adjusting axis! ! ! laid. j | 20}. I gives a diagram of such a construction. j

I This construction achieves: I

ί I Optimal angle of attack of the airflow with respect to the j I rotor blade under normal working conditions and when starting up. j '' e | 25, 2 By exceeding the maximum permissible speed-ί: ί | ! many change the position of the steering vane relative to the blade, j j! by means of a centrifugal weight, an unfavorable blade angle is set, so that the power consumption is no longer! I {.

j j increases, and the speed also increases with increasing wind speed j

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remains almost constant. j | In the hitherto known types, the control surface is about halfway down the rotor blade, or even more to the outside, | with the longitudinal axis of the track face under all!

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L; 8201303— “i:: -2- I * i! ! conditions approximately parallel to the longitudinal axis! of the impeller to which it is attached. The described arrangement has the disadvantage that the i | somewhat current-disturbing effect of the rotor: 5; blade negative control surface, the flow around the | rotor blade behind that, at the location of the steering wheel! vane, is disturbed. j j! . In addition, the blade width at the control surface should be:! 1 should be made smaller which is usually due to the i! ; 10; desired strength and stiffness is not possible. See stripe | j line in fig. I. j | j The description described in Council I of this patent application | ' | | steering vane on the leaf root has the following advantages:! I. The permissible total leaf width at the root is ten! i; ± 5i due to the low speed running on site (i.e.

large angle of attack and large deflection) so large that the | | placement of a steering vane there, for that matter, no naj; part, because this allows the width of the rotor blade J I itself to remain relatively within acceptable proportions.

20; kig. 2 shows a rotor blade without steering vane, FIG. 3 a-I 1 'i! i same sheet with part of the width at the base i; sis is used for the steering vane.

] 2. Tests have shown that a negative state of: i * j; steering vane relative to the front rotor blade, as is the case with a more outward steering vane, see the corner in fig. 4, when using a steering vane on the ί *! root can be replaced by a positive attitude.

i see angle o <in fig. 5, without the directing action being done. This also allows the steering vane to operate fully 30 1. She also gets an extra current-deflecting 1! | function which releases the airflow to the pipe! side of the main blade ("tracing"), similar to the operation of landing "flaps" on aircraft. j! 3. Since the mass of the steering vane must be combined as far as possible at the front of the blade; I brushed to prevent the occurrence of vibrations, "flutter"

This compensation is with a steering vane on the I.

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I i root of the blade much easier to perform, with ί I -! ι with a view to space and the relatively small centrifugal! j | forces acting there on that compensation mass. | r) 4. Tests have shown that when an en-.

i i; j 5 j kei control surface at the root, as described, extra protection! countermeasures, in most cases 1 y are unnecessary. The explanation of this is that the influence of the more to 1 | | outside rotor parts increase with increasing speed.

101 After all, the lift L in Figs. 4 and 5 is directly proportional to the 2nd power of the flow velocity of the medium relative to the | rotor blade. As a result, the torque of the rotor blade decreases; S with respect to its setting axis i at increasing speed more than the counter moment that the steering vane is at the root! i; 15 supplies. This balances a | larger angle of attack ^ with respect to the steering vane, so the blade angle v |> | relative to the rotor plane becomes smaller. Ultimately, the; ; blade angle vj) at the tip of the blade become negative,:; as a result of which the absorbed power no longer increases. In Fig. 6 [20ί, the dashed line D1 indicates how, with such a protection, the lying; is the line connecting the pressure points of the air forces on the blade (pressure line). The solid line is; [thereby the heart of the adjusting axis. j I 5. With a forward or backward rotation j | 25; tilting the blade relative to its adjusting axis, or a ge | modified blade shape at the tip, any desired speed! | reach the blade angle characteristic. J) lg. 7 and FIG. 8; ι the situation with an increased negative blade angle adjustment; j. 9 and 10 show the situation with a positive blade angle adjustment, when the speed is increased. | [6. Placement of the control surface at the root is also the | most logical in the cases that: j a. The steering vane has its own adjusting shaft on the rotor head and! ! is indirectly coupled to the impeller. lie. 11 to 15.

ι 35 ° • If a centrifugal control is used which adjusts the control surface or part thereof. Slg. 17.

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Γ! ί: -4 ~ I * | I ''! i 1 c. The control surface or part thereof in position with respect to the rotor blade changes when the rotor blade is rotated [by means of a linkage connected to the rotor head, - i (j which can be adjusted during operation or not.

5i. 16.

# (I d. The steering vane transmits its movement to the rotor blade 1; j with the addition of energy supplied from the outside.;! Hg. 18 and 19.!! 1. | |! E. The steering vane directly or indirectly power control

.10! sends, Hg. 20 to 24. I

! When described in claim 3 of this patent application! control valve is a far in the direction of flow i! ·; i backwards extended leaf root which serves as! i i directional steering vane. partly comparable to the stabil 1 1 "% 15; as previously applied to aircraft of the" aircraft; | going wing * 'type. Hg. 25 shows such an airplane. j J Hg. 26 and 27 comparable windmill blades. The dashed line; | is the line of action of the air forces on the main wing or the rotor blade. The solid line indicates the position of the center of gravity or the axis around which the blade j J j hinges. S is the steering vane section. Such rotor j | blades are preferably constructed as a mast construction; | tie with sails or a light-plate cover, whether or not! | double-walled. Because of the rotation, the windmill blade at the base is of course much wider. j i To improve stability even more, the line which the! I! j pivots, so the adjustment axis i, preferably something: | held in front of the impeller. That is possible with these mills;

! without compensation of the something behind the adjustment axis! 30; center of gravity z, since these are slow-running mills, I.

! where the influence of mass forces is relatively small in! compared to the air forces. Hg. 28 shows such a rotor blade in perspective.

1 Hg. 11 to 15 show the control vane which has an adjustment shaft as defined in claim 4 of this patent application. j on the rotor head and using a mechanical and / or hydraulic j ^ 8201303

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-i '! The transmission is coupled to the rotor blade, the advantage of this is that the most favorable location for the steering vane can be utilized, for example, opposite the rotor blade in single-blade rotors.

In addition, the movement of the steering vane can be adjusted strengthened or weakened which can be easily transferred when adjusting, fig. 11. j I '! In the rotor construction described in claim 5, according to! i - z = —j! Fig. 16, the entire control surface 4, or a part thereof, 10 can change position with respect to the rotor blade 1, with which it! ; is hinged, when the rotor is turned:

J blade, because the moving part is moved by a rod 2 I

| J bonding is with the rotor head. just attachment point 3 on the; j j i rotor head, if desired, even during operation; 15. be adjusted, allowing fine adjustment of the adjustment mechanism during operation of the wind turbine. ; ! Fig. 17 shows a conventional centrifugal control with j! however, weights which here instead of the rotor blade, the steering vane or a part of the steering vane at the root of the: I '! adjust the blade. This concerns claim 6! I In the previously described versions, the air - j i forces on the steering vane are used directly to adjust the impeller J. With larger wind turbines it may make sense: 25: to use one or more small control vanes which are on j

| electrodynamic, pneumatic and / or hydrodynamic path S

I! i set the impeller with the addition of energy which! ~~ j ΐ generated by the turbine itself or from outside! i i supplied. To this end, the rotors are provided with servo-30 'probes 6 and servo motors and / or cylinders 7.

I 'j j i? Ig. 18 shows the embodiment according to FIG. 7 with digital sensors 6 in which the control vane 4 is suspended on an arm 5 attached to the rotor blade 11.

! Fig. 19 shows the embodiment according to claim 8, wherein the 35 'steering vane 4 is mounted on the rotor head or other fixed! i point connected to the rotor shaft. The sensors 6 are executed here proportionally. j ~ ^ ~ 82Ö1TÖ3

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IT; I i! ! I The ex- |. Described in claim 9 of this patent application tra auxiliary steering vanes. " confirmed on one or more, more to! leaf parts located on the outside. according to Fig. 29, is sensible.

; "1 r- full in high-speed wind turbines with an efficiency of .5f; longer than a simple construction. . j i These auxiliary steering vanes ^ are mounted on in flow i. 1! direction towards the impeller backward pointing j ·: · · | · | arms 5, and can optionally be mounted so that they; at very high flow rates due to the air forces eradicating on the auxiliary handlebar 101 against the action of a | or rotate more resilient members to a position where their longitudinal axis makes an angle of 90 ° or more with the longitudinal axis of the impeller to which they are attached.

i. These auxiliary steering vanes have the following function: 15 | 1. Completely independent of the speed, the angle of incidence at the blade end is kept optimal. 2. When adjusted to this, they can be vacuum build and flow mixing; (tip-vane effect) .3..As performed according to fig.30,! described in claim 12, they additionally act as protection against extremely fast wind speeds and speeds, because they then flip over and thereby lose their steering effect or even start to work in opposite directions. j J The constructions described above refer to mech i i! nisms which improve the useful effect of wind turbine rotors by means of leaf setting. Many rotor systems, however, are; ; designed on the basis of one particular ideal leaf position i t ί i which, as much as possible under normal working conditions; ! i i deflects air at the most favorable angle without the | I the following impeller is interrupted in its operation. Since the j 30! wind speed, however, especially at low altitudes, changes j i continuously, this means that the rotational speed of the rotor, to | ! to obtain the highest possible useful effect continuously. i must be adapted to the prevailing wind speed i i at any time. Since a deviating position of a control vane rotating with the rotor 35 'is an indication of the extent to which j

J the speed is too high or too low, such a steering I

. | —J van and any directly or indirectly associated with it j 82013Ö3

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! I i I rotor blade, serve as a guiding element for a power control. |

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; In the specification described in claim 10 of this patent application blade rotor, according to FIGS. 20 to 24, are to the 5; steering vane, the rotor blade and / or another fixed with the rotor; The shaft-connected part of the rotor, one or more digital or! proportional sensors, valves, switches, or photoelectric cells or the like 6 attached, which deviating position of the impeller and / or steering vane 10; endorsed. These control directly or by means of servo motors 7! a power regulator 8 such as a regulating resistor, capacitor battery, variator, phase regulator, adjustable transformer, pole | pair switch, frequency controller, impulse converter, a flow controller, pressure regulator or valve etc. etc. 1 i: 15; whether or not using integrated circuits and / or other electronic control equipment. \

: The blade rotor defined in claim 11 uses of a direct mechanical, hydrostatic and / or pneumatic transmission to the power controller. I

20: Apart from the maximum speed protection which is possible | | '! with an additional forward or backward tilt of the i; rotor blade relative to its adjusting axis in constructions according to claims 2 to 5, which, however, always with a very sophisticated rotor tip shape and with strongly changing wind force! slightly at the expense of efficiency, yet another I protection is possible, other than those with centrifugal weights, J according to claim 6, fig. £ 7. j! In the embodiment described in claim 12 according to the fi-:

In figures 30, 31 and 32, the steering vane 4 or a part thereof j 30 j may be against the action of one or more resilient elements, I

j turning on its mounting arm 5. j j The driving moment for this is provided by the j i ground point and / or the pressure point of that rotatable part outside j I! i is the axis on which it is rotatable. The trackpad flips! I! therefore above a certain speed or flow rate i, whereby its directing effect on the blade is lost.

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j -8-! 'I I! i In all cases where the air force on the vane controls the blade setting without energy supply, the | Turn the impeller to a smaller blade angle, so that its propelling effect is reduced. - - j 5i If power control is additionally available on such a system i | Appropriate according to Fig. 21, it will be controlled to max power reduction by the modified blade setting. ! 1 i! In cases where ar is not automatically an angle of attack; [of flow is maintained relative to the steering vane, 101 e.g. in the embodiment according to fig. 18, 20 and 22, wherein! digital sensors control the blade setting, it can be removed; folding and adjusting of the steering vane are obtained by designing the compensation mass at the front of the steering vane as a pressure plane which is at a greater angle; relative to the airflow than the rear part,! so that it works analogous to a rotor blade with respect to one! associated steering vane. See fig. 33 and the description! caught under claim 13.! I ------- = - 1 | ; The same can be achieved with a twisted or converted | 20 | control surface of which the axis around which it folds away-j. | pin can rotate at an acute angle to the air flow j, as shown in fig. 34. i j 1 j This construction is defined in claim 14.! Still another possibility is described in fig. 35 according to fig. 35 - j j As a result of the steering vane flipping over, possibly; | an additional sensor or switch can also be activated, which:] has a special braking or flow-disrupting mechanism; | turns on. This is described in claim 16.

30! In the systems described above for controlling the; ! power refers to sensors that rotate with the blade rotor. In some cases the control signal j i will then move via slip rings or slip couplings to the immobile; | part must be passed. These can be a source! 35 j of malfunctions.

! £ 17 describes 17 a construction in which by means of a | Mechanical transmission on the circumference of the rotor shaft, not: ...... i! 8201303

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-. -9- I 1 co-rotating transducers outside that axis are energized, | ; according to fig. 36 »or where the same is done via the hollow | , rotor shaft. Hg. 37.9 is the rotor shaft, with respect to which one shaft 10 is shifted and, if necessary, rotated) by steering! . i 5 van 4, by means of rod 12. 11 is a bearing mounted on shaft 10! part that does not rotate and that the sensors 6 6.

: I '; ί i With the above described constructions with adjustable ro ~! j; It is important that the leaf bearings also fit! j high speeds have a small friction. | To that end, in claim 18 the construction of fig. 38 and | fig. 39 where the centrifugal forces are! received by flexible rope or rods 12, with which the ro- | The blade on the inside is hung. ; I ί:! ! Figures 40 and 41 show such solutions with rope and 15 bars on the rotor shaft side of the blades as defined I; in claim 19. j | To increase the adjustment possibilities of the blade adjustment mechanism and / or j, the power control can be used! Ί of resilient elements as defined in claim 20.

| 20; Hg. 42 ^ / m45 show some rotor blade shapes where the steering | ; Vane-supporting arm is constructed as a portion of the impeller extended in the direction of flow towards the rear.

j! as defined in claim 21.

. "1, Hg. 46 shows the embodiment 25 | described in claim 22 the balancing mass on the propeller blade being designed as a flow-influencing, and if rotatable or pivotable, also supporting surface against "overspeed".

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Claims (11)

1. Wind turbine blade rotor with parallel to the '| ! rotor shaft positioned in the wind direction, provided with propeller blades and one or more steering vanes which adjust the blade setting and / or one! "I steer power control, characterized in that j: · I 5. at least one of the control vanes is placed at the root of the blade, j close to the rotor shaft. 2. Leaf motor according to claim 1, m e t h e t! ! feature, that on the leaf root of adjustable rotor j! blades, in the direction of flow relative to said rotor blades 10 rear-facing wishbones are mounted on which the control valve is placed. ] Blade motor according to claim 1, characterized in that a steering vane consists of a direction far in the direction of flow relative to the rotor blade! knitted leaf root of an adjustable rotor blade. 4. Leaf motor according to claim 1, m e t h e t! ι ·! Characteristic that steering vane and rotor blade both have their own have adjusting shaft on the rotor head, and they mutually a j '| mechanical and / or hydro-static transmission are coupled. Leaf motor according to claim 2, 5 or 4, characterized in that an entire steering vane or a part thereof is hinged to the rotor head! • j adjustable rotor blade, with the movable rotor 251 part is also connected to the rotor head by means of a ! j · i. connecting rod with hinges on both sides:. I; which on the steering vane part its pivot point outside it! the steering vane hinge. 6. Blade impeller according to claim 5, characterized in that one or more centrifugal weights have the pivot point on the rotor head, which is connected to the j weighing part of a steering vane connected connecting rod, adjusting according to the speed, 7. Leaf motor according to claim 1, characterized in that a steering vane has its own adjusting shaft ........... i J 62Π 303 ........ ....... J 014022LC '\ i Γ: ........ ........... Ί -11- I i : '1 I ii J on an arm connected to the adjustable rotor blade, where | are mounted on one or more sensors which, if the steering vane deviates from the rotor blade, the 1! regulate energy supply to a servo actuator 5 which adjusts the impeller so that the abnormal position! i i i is discontinued 8. Leaf rotor according to claim 1, characterized in that the steering vane and the rotor blade both have their settings: | shaft on the rotor head or other fixed with the rotor shaft 10! connected point, while on the rotor one or more proportional i,! sensors are installed, which regulate the energy supply I! to proportional controllable servo actuators, which adjust the rotor blade analogous to the position of the steering vane. I; i 15 | 9. Blade impeller as claimed in one or more of the foregoing claims, characterized in that on the more outer portion of at least one of the rotor blades one points in the direction of flow relative to the impeller towards the rear blade. The control arm is attached to which another steering wheel is attached 10. Leaf motor according to one or more of the aforementioned | claims, characterized in that some of the | blade rotor due to its rotation moving part of the machine, one or more sensors are attached which are attached to a; deviation from the ideal position of one or more steering vanes placed on an adjusting axis, and if they are directly or indirectly connected to an adjustable stowage surface, possibly with this deviation from the ideal position, directly or by means of one, transmission to be put into operation, and which directly or 50! indirectly a power and possibly blade adjustment rule | ling. Blade motor according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that by means of a direct mechanical, hydrostatic or pneumatic transmission 55 during an abnormal position of one or more of the steering vanes and | any rotor or impeller blades directly or indirectly connected to it, a power and possibly blade setting control is controlled, whereby if the power control 8201303 ------------- »12-:: outside the moving with the rotor as a result of its rotation! 1 I! part of the machine is positioned, it is adjusted j: because a shift is made from an un-! | third part with respect to the rotor shaft or a rotation of another j 5; part that passes through the rotor shaft due to its rotation and! i is moved again. . ! I; 12. Leaf rotor according to one or more of the aforementioned con- tacts! j clusions, characterized in that at least a part | | 1 of at least one of the steering and / or auxiliary steering vanes, against the i; 10. action of one or more resilient elements in rotatable fasteners; is mounted on an additional shaft, or on a resiliently bendable and / or -tor- I; ! I armable, such that the point of the vane, or that part of the vane, on which the air and / or mass forces act, outside i i | ! the rotary, bending or torsion axis is located. Blade motor according to claim 12 and one or more of the! major constructions, characterized in that i; i | the counterweight of the steering vane is designed as extra I: radially placed thrust surface and / or that elsewhere on the | i folding part of the. control vane is an extra thrust surface: | 20: placed, with that extra thrust surface placed at a greater I I angle relative to the airflow than the rest of the; steering vane. 14. Leaf motor according to claim 12 and one or more of the | | aforementioned constructions, characterized in that 25 'at least part of the control surface during normal operation; i king position is perpendicular to the adjusting axis, while the axis: j why it can flip over crosses the adjusting axis. s; 1 "! I | A leaf motor according to claim 12 and one or more of the; J aforementioned constructions, characterized in that 30. at least part of one of the folding steering vane surfaces! makes an acute angle with the tangential direction to | ; the rotor shaft and the axis why they can flip intersects the i adjusting shaft. 16. Leaf motor according to claim 12, 13, 14 or 15, 35 [m e t. The feature is that a sensor or switch is mounted on the steering vane which, when folding | the pivoting steering vane section is energized and j g2ÖÏ5Ö3 ~ oi4o; 2i.c '* ► Η -13-' i ί t I; i! *! I that is connected with a braking or flow-disturbing! ; mechanism, and so activate it; ! 1 || Blade motor according to one of the aforementioned claims, characterized in that one or more sensors are mounted on the part of the machine, which does not move with the rotor 5, due to its rotation. i! : of the ideal position of the auxiliary vanes and any propeller blades directly or indirectly connected thereto, by means of a mechanical j! and / or the hydrostatic transmission is actuated, 110. the components of which, if appropriate, may pass through the hollow rotor shaft | which are eventually shifted * 1 | I | weighing a part with respect to the rotor shaft or a rotation relative to another part that is rotated with the rotor as a result of | its rotation moves rectilinearly. 18. Blade motor according to one of the preceding claims, I! ; j 'characterized in that one or more rotor blades I | are adjustable, and internally contain a tube, which one! I or more ropes or flexible rods attached to one! On one side are attached to a blade shaft fixedly connected to the rotor head and on the other side, more to the circumference of the rotor, on the inner side of the rotor blade. Blade rotor according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one or more rotor blades; are adjustable and of which the blade shafts with which they are attached to the i 25. rotor head, or the blades themselves, by means of flexible j j rope and / or rods are joined together and / or a point on the rotor j iop. i j .20. Leaf rotor according to one of the aforementioned claims, characterized in that one or more resilient elements, which are adjustable, whether or not during operation, influence the adjusting movements of one or more control vanes and, if appropriate, propeller blades. j! ! Leaf motor according to one of the aforementioned claims, j ', characterized in that the steering vane-bearing j 35' arm is designed as a, in the direction of flow towards * s; extended rear; part of the impeller. j! ! j i 8Γ0Ί303 ~ - ouo ?? i.c ....................- 14 -......, k 22. Electric motor according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one or more of the balancing masses are formed on the propeller blade or the propeller blades; i! ; as fixed, or against spring pressure in rotatable or scissor | 5 1 retractable auxiliary surfaces. ; HI ! . ; ! Ij j i! I I I! I I; I:. I. i i j:! i; ί: i 1 * i I 1! · Ί! i! i i ji i; ; i is -; :! i 1! II · I i <[: i I! ! I - j | ] i ί! i! : s! ί | 1 I i. ! I i • i I - · ί 'I r I j i i! I j I. I. ! "I! I ·. I * 8201303 ....... 014022LC