NL2035117A - Use of rice protein for treating and/or preventing sarcopenia, resisting exercise fatigue and improving exercise performance - Google Patents
Use of rice protein for treating and/or preventing sarcopenia, resisting exercise fatigue and improving exercise performance Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23L33/17—Amino acids, peptides or proteins
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Abstract
The present application discloses a use of rice protein for treating and/or preventing sarcopenia, resisting exercise fatigue and improving exercise performance. That is, by administering an effective amount of rice protein or a composition comprising the rice protein to an individual, the 5 effect of treating or preventing sarcopenia as well as the effects of resisting exercise fatigue and improving exercise performance can be achieved.
Description
Specification
Use of rice protein for treating and/or preventing sarcopenia, resisting exercise fatigue and improving exercise performance
The present application relates to use of a protein, in particular to use of rice protein for treating and/or preventing sarcopenia, resisting exercise fatigue and improving exercise performance.
Human body has about 640 skeletal muscles, and the main function of skeletal muscles is to control people’s voluntary actions. In addition to being related to health, muscle mass will directly affect the body shape and appearance of an individual. Specifically, the loss of muscle mass will lead to insufficient muscle strength of an individual. Severe cases will be diagnosed as suffering from sarcopenia, and patients with sarcopenia will have inconvenient mobility, disability, and even increased risk of death. Moreover, decreased muscle mass will also increase the incidence of osteoporosis and metabolic diseases.
As modern people pay more and more attention to their health, their exercise habits increase consequently. However, most of them often suffer from post-exercise muscle soreness due to excessive exercise, and with the impact of long-term stress, the body will be in the symptoms of chronic fatigue, resulting in muscle soreness or tension, inability to concentrate and other conditions.
From the above description, it can be seen that muscle quality and state are closely related to personal life, body shape and health. Therefore, providing a composition that can restore and maintain muscle health is an important topic for the modern functional food industry.
The main object of the present application is to provide a use of rice protein for treating and/or preventing sarcopenia, resisting exercise fatigue and improving exercise performance, wherein since the rice protein disclosed in the present application is a highly safe food composition and has the activity of improving muscle performance and avoiding lactic acid accumulation, it enables an individual to supplement an effective amount of rice protein in their daily life so as to achieve the effects of improving muscle endurance and strength and 1 resisting exercise fatigue.
Accordingly, in order to achieve the above object, the present application discloses a use of rice protein for preparing a composition for treating or preventing sarcopenia, resisting exercise fatigue or improving exercise performance, wherein the rice protein is prepared from rice. In other words, by administering an effective amount of the rice protein or a composition comprising an effective amount of the rice protein to a body, the effects of improving individual exercise performance, resisting post-exercise fatigue, reducing risk of sarcopenia, and improving sarcopenia and its related symptoms can be effectively achieved.
In an embodiment of the present application, the rice protein has activities of reducing lactate dehydrogenase in plasma, increasing the content of non-esterified free fatty acids in plasma, and enhancing muscle strength and muscle endurance.
In an embodiment of the present application, the rice protein is prepared by the following steps:
Step A: softening rice by soaking, and performing a milling procedure to obtain a rice slurry;
Step B: adding an amylase to the rice slurry, liquefying the starch and separate a protein gel; and
Step C: dehydrating and then drying the protein gel to obtain the rice protein in a powder form.
Wherein, the drying is spray drying, airflow drying, roller drying or other drying techniques known in the technical field of the present application.
Figure 1 shows changes in body weight of mice in each group during experiments.
Figure 2A shows results of H&E staining of soleus muscle sections of mice in each group.
Figure 2B shows results of H&E staining of gastrocnemius muscle sections of mice in each group.
Figure 3A shows results of grip strength tests of mice in each group every 2 weeks.
Figure 3B shows results of body weight-corrected grip strength of mice in each group.
Figure 4A shows results of dwell time (sec) of mice in each group during the ladder rung walking test.
Figure 4B shows results of crawling distance of mice in each group during the ladder rung walking test. 2
Figure 5 shows results from analyzing the effect of rice protein RP-80NY and placebo on grip strength of subjects.
Figure 6 shows results from analyzing the effect of rice protein RP-80NY and placebo on exhaustive exercise time of subjects.
Figure 7A shows results from analyzing the effect of rice protein RP-80NY and placebo on lactic acid content in plasma of subjects.
Figure 7B shows results from analyzing the effect of rice protein RP-80NY and placebo on the activity of lactate dehydrogenase in plasma of subjects.
Figure 8A shows results from analyzing the effect of rice protein RP-80NY and placebo on glucose content in serum of subjects.
Figure 8B shows results from analyzing the effect of rice protein RP-80NY and placebo on insulin content in serum of subjects.
Figure 8C shows results from analyzing the effect of rice protein RP-80NY and placebo on non-esterified free fatty acids in plasma of subjects.
The present application provides a use of rice protein for treating and/or preventing sarcopenia, resisting exercise fatigue and improving exercise performance. Specifically, the rice protein disclosed in the present application has the activities of promoting muscle performance, increasing the content of non-esterified free fatty acids in plasma, and reducing the activity of lactate dehydrogenase in plasma. Therefore, by administering an effective amount of the rice protein or a composition comprising the rice protein to an individual, the effect of treating or preventing sarcopenia as well as the effects of resisting exercise fatigue and improving exercise performance can be achieved.
The term “rice” is often used to refer to the hulled kernels of paddy rice. In the present application, rice can be whole rice or broken rice.
The term “composition” refers to a product comprising a predetermined amount of the rice protein disclosed in the present application, which may be a food, a nutritional supplement or a medicine.
In the following, in order to illustrate the technical features and effects of the present application, some experimental examples will be given together with drawings for further explanation as below.
In the following, the rice protein RP-80NY used in each example is the rice protein
RP-80NY provided by Vedan (Vietnam) Co., Ltd.; it can also be prepared from food-grade 3 rice according to the following steps:
Step A: softening food-grade rice by soaking for wet milling;
Step B: adding an amylase, liquefying the starch and separate a protein gel; and
Step C: dehydrating and then drying the protein gel to obtain a rice protein powder.
The doses used in the following examples are obtained from Table 1 below.
Table 1: Dosage Conversion of Rice Protein RP-80NY
Rice protein RP-80NY
Daily intake of mice
Rice protein RP-80NY 325 650 1625 (mg/kg mice/day)
Daily intake of mice
Branched chain amino / 50 100 250 acids (mg/kg mice/day)
Every kg body weight of adult
Branched chain amino 4 20 acid intake per day (mg/kg human/day) 60 kg body weight of adult
Branched amino acid 240 480 1200 intake per day (mg/60 kg human/day)
Animal experiments in the following examples were reviewed and approved by the
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Committee of Zhongshan Medical University (IACUC
Approval No: 2718), and human experiments were approved by the Human Experiment 4
Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen Medical University (CSMUH No:
CS2-22067).
Example 1: Animal experiments
Thirty 4-week-old male db/db diabetic mice and six 4-week-old male m/m non-diabetic mice were randomly divided into 5 groups, and the treatment conditions of each group were as follows:
Group 1: m/m mice were not given rice protein RP-80NY;
Group 2: db/db mice were not given rice protein RP-80NY;
Group 3: db/db mice were given a low dose of 325 mg/kg rice protein RP-80NY;
Group 4: db/db mice were given a medium dose of 650 mg/kg rice protein RP-80NY;
Group 5: db/db mice were given a high dose of 1650 mg/kg rice protein RP-80NY; and
Group 6: db/db mice were given leucine 500 mg/kg (CAS-No: 61-90-35).
The test period was 20 weeks. During the test period, the mice freely ingested aseptic feed and aseptic drinking water. The body weight, food intake and water intake of the mice were recorded twice a week. The results are shown in Figure 1 and Table 2 below. After the experiments, the mice in each group were sacrificed, and weights of organs, muscle tissue, and adipose tissue of the mice in each group were determined respectively, and the results are shown in Table 3 below. The soleus muscle and gastrocnemius muscle of mice in each group were sectioned for H&E (hematoxylin and eosin) staining and the results are shown in Figure 2A to 2B. The blood of mice in each group was taken for serum biochemical value analysis and the results are shown in Table 4 below.
During the test period, the grip strength of the mice’s forelimb was measured once every two weeks for muscle strength, and the results are shown in Figure 3A and Figure 3B. Starting from week 13 of the test, a 10-minute ladder rung walking test was performed once a week.
The total length of the ladder was 60 cm, the total width was 12 cm, the interval between each ladder rung was 1 cm, and the slope was 85 degrees. The dwell time and crawling distance of mice in the ladder were recorded, and the results are shown in Figure 4A and Figure 4B.
Table 2: Results of recorded initial body weight, final body weight, weight change, feed intake, feed efficiency and water intake of mice in each group
Initial body 1798+ | 23.07% | 2482+ | 2428+ | 2832+ | 2440 + weight (g) 0.37 1.28% 1.45 1.24 0.95 1.44 5
Final body 2462+ | 5383+ | 4022+ | 4505+ | 4995+ | 53.65% weight (g) 0.29 2.51% 2.76 3.39 0.75 1.66
Weight change 6.63% 3077+ | 2440+ | 2077+ | 21.63 + | 2925+ (g) 0.25 3.55% 2.78 3.17 1.28% 2.97
Feed intake 3.08 + 6.65 + 5.19 + 6.69 + 6.04 + 6.48 + (g/mice/day) 0.00 0.06" 0.02% 0.03 0.09% 0.07
Feed efficiency 215% 465+ 4 71+ 3.11 + 3.60 + 4.50 + (%) 0.08 0.56” 0.55 0.47 0.25 0.42
Water intake 351% 12.30 + 8.58 + 1352+ | 1049+ | 11.93 + (mL/mice/day) | 0.08 0.16" 0.09% 0.95 0.07* 0.50
Table 3: Results of recorded weights of organs, muscle tissue, and adipose tissue of mice in each group
Weight (mg/g / Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | Group 4 | Group 5 | Group 6 mice) / 37.92 + | 41.96+ | 38.20+ | 4150+ | 43.07+ | 39.71 +
Liver 0.90 1.88 3.24 0.97 1.31 0.85 5.24 + 222+ 232+ 2.57 + 239+ 2.26 +
Heart 0.41 0.07% 0.10 0.08% 0.07 0.10
Lung 6.96 + 235+ 230+ 2.53 + 2.58 + 2.43 + 0.34 0.08% 0.12 0.17 0.21 0.31
Spleen 2.15+ 0.64 + 0.68 + 0.55+ 0.72+ 1.26+ 0.15 0.06% 0.06 0.05 0.11 0.66
Kidney 13.66 + 7.14 + 6.68 + 7.73 + 17.14 + 6.84 + 0.49 0.34% 6.10 0.40 10.52 0.21
Pancreas 6.81 + 448+ 3.75+ 5.17 + 3.96 + 3.85 + 0.50 0.32% 0.35 0.32 0.34 0.30 6
/ 9.23+ 2.39+ 2.60 + 291 + 2.81 + 2.58 +
Gastrocnemius 0.54 0.23% 0.21 0.13 0.21 0.15 0.24+ 011 + 0.12+ 0.12+ 0.13+ 0.12 +
Soleus 0.03 0.02% 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 / 7.22 + 4288+ | 40.02+ | 3862+ | 4301+ | 43.68 +
Perirenal fat 0.94 1.74% 1.88 2.59 1.64 2.43 == 16,64+ | 62.17+ | 59,73 + | 6188+ | 6284+ | 6285+
Epididymal fat 1.12 1.63% 1.87 4.20 3.06 1.69 11.58 + 117.43 116.19 90.93 + 106.02 121.60
Subcutaneous 6.90 + 5.62* + 10.62 +273 +511 fat 4.22 / 1399+ | 35.11 + | 35.44+ | 32.50+ | 33.88+ | 3488+
Mesenteric fat 6.67 0.75% 1.10 2.15 1.05 0.88 407+ 437+ 421+ 465+ 3.81+ 530+
Brown fat 1.22 0.56 0.79 0.64 0.56 0.45
Table 4: Results of recorded serum biochemical values of mice in each group
GP Gow? | Gouw a he
Total on 402.67 + | 317.50+ | 390.50+ | 435.83 454.67 £ cholesterol | 147.33 39.43% 8.88 34.78 + 32.77 37.43 (mg/dL) t4.92
Triglyceride | 87.00 + | 129.17 + 128.17 120.17 154.17 140.83 + (mg/dL) 2.90 7.82% + 5.60 +6.27 + 10.84 6.86
HDL-C 52.33% 35.67 + 56.17 + 28.00 + 3933 + 3033 + (mg/dL) 1.98 3.11% 5.53% 3.57 4.23 6.90
LDL-C 3033 + 61.50 + 53.50 + 58.83 + 70.00 + 64.33 + (mg/dL) 0.71 3.18" 2.75 3.62 3.78 2.82 7
Glucose 7133+ | 353.00+ | 302.00+ | 353.33 + | 318.83 366.83 + (mg/dL) 4.17 32.04 | 50.77 3330 | £15.13 | 28.06 78.17 + 112.83 | 168.504 | 183.50+ | 113.67 % | 162.67 +
AST (U/L) 7.23 + 8.307 40.99 61.44 11.53 44.07 49.17+ 95.50 + | 168.17 + | 168.83+ | 9933 + | 20533 +
ALT (U/L) à 5.65 5.45% 47.79 79.91 17.47 82.74
Uric acid 7.47 + 7.32 + 7.27 + 9.50 + 7.82 + 935+ (mg/dL) 0.89 0.85 1.07 0.96 0.28 0.49
BUN 19.93 + 22.02 + 3513 + 24.37 + 2547+ | 21.22 + (mg/dL) 2.47 0.92 11.73 1.47 3.02 0.89
CRE 035+ 0.55 + 0.48 + 0.55 + 0.58 + 0.57 + (mg/dL) 0.05 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.08
Na* 145.50 144.67 + | 14533 + | 145.67 + 145.50 145.17 + (mmol/L) + 0.43 0.61 0.21 0.42 +0.22 0.54
K* 448+ 445+ 438+ 443+ 445+ 440+ (mmol/L) 0.03 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.05
Cr 104.67 104.50 + | 104.83 + | 104.33 + 104.17 104.50 + (mmol/L) +0.21 0.22 0.31 0.21 +031 0.34
According to the results in Table 2 and Figure 1, there is no significant difference in the weight change, food intake, and water intake of the mice in each group. According to the results in Table 3, there is no significant difference in organ weight, muscle tissue weight and fat tissue weight of the mice in each group. According to the results in Table 4, there is no significant difference in the serum biochemical values among the mice in groups 2-6.
Similarly, as can be seen from the results in Figure 2A and Figure 2B, the rice protein
RP-80NY has no negative effect on the histology of mice soleus muscle and gastrocnemius muscle. To sum up, the rice protein RP-80NY disclosed in the present application is a safe substance, which can be directly used as an active ingredient in food or composition.
According to the results in Figure 3A, the grip strength of mice in group 2 was significantly lower than that of mice in group 1 starting from week 14; and the grip strength 8 of mice in group 6 was significantly higher than that of mice in group 2 at weeks 16 and 20.
According to the results in Figure 3B, the grip strength of the mice in group 2 was significantly lower than that of the mice in group 1 starting from week 2; and the corrected grip strength of the mice in group 4 was significantly increased as compared to that of the mice in group 2 starting from week 10.
According to the results in Figure 4A and Figure 4B, the dwell time (sec) of the mice in group 2 was significantly lower than that of the mice in group 1; at weeks 15 and 20, the dwell time (sec) and crawling distance of the mice in group 4 were significantly increased as compared to those of mice in group 1.
As can be seen from the results in Figure 3 and Figure 4, the rice protein disclosed in the present application can indeed improve the muscle strength and endurance of mice, thereby achieving the effect of improving or treating sarcopenia.
Example 2: Human experiment
A total of 17 healthy men with exercise habits were included as subjects, and the test period was 70 days. The test process was as follows:
On days 1, 28, 43, and 70, body shape measurement, grip strength test, and dietary questionnaire were conducted; the maximum oxygen uptake was tested on day 1; each subject was required to consume the rice protein RP-80NY or placebo during days 1-28 of the test, and to perform anaerobic power exercise test on day 21 and endurance exercise test on day 28; clearance was performed from day 29 to day 42; the maximal oxygen uptake was tested again on day 43, and subjects were diet-switched to the rice protein RP-80NY or placebo from day 43 to day 70; anaerobic power exercise test was performed on day 63, and endurance exercise test was performed on day 70. Blood was collected from each subject before the 2 interventions of the test substance for endurance exercise tests, before the start of the exercise (30 minutes after the intervention of the test substance), during the exercise, at the end of the exercise, and at the Ist, 2nd and 3rd hour after the end of the exercise. Gas was collected for 5 minutes during exercise and within 3 hours after exercise (i.e. before exercise, at end of exercise, at the Ist, 2nd and 3rd hour after rest). After the tests, the exercise time, gas exchange rate, blood fatigue indicators (lactic acid, lactate dehydrogenase, and urea nitrogen), energy metabolism indicators (glucose, free fatty acids, and insulin) and serum biochemical parameters of the subjects were analyzed. wherein:
The dose of the rice protein RP-80NY was 0.053 g/kg adult (8 mg branched chain amino acids/kg adult); and the placebo was maltodextrin with a dose of 0.053 g/kg adult. 9
The maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max) was performed on a fixed ergometer with progressive intensity (a fixed load of 1 kg from 0 to 6 minutes; 0.5 kg increase every 2 minutes from 6 to 18 minutes; 1 kg increase every 2 minutes from 18 to 30 minutes) under a speed of 60 rpm. Bicycle exercise was carried until exhaustion with an air-collecting mask (for exercise cardiopulmonary function test system to conduct gas analysis) equipped throughout the whole process. The results are shown in Table 5.
In the grip strength test, each subject used an electronic grip dynamometer to perform the grip with the maximum ability of the dominant hand, and squeezed twice with an interval of 5 minutes. The calculated average value was used as the maximum grip strength at that time.
The results are shown in Figure 5.
The endurance exercise ability test was performed as below: after fasting for 12 hours, each subject was supplemented with rice protein RP-80NY or placebo, and performed a bicycle exhaustion challenge 30 minutes after the supplement. The subjects performed a bicycle exercise on a fixed ergometer at an intensity of 70% of the maximum oxygen uptake while maintaining a speed of 60 rpm until exhaustion. The determination of exhaustion was the same as that of the cardiopulmonary function test, and the time from the start of exercise to exhaustion was recorded. The results are shown in Figure 6.
The lactic acid content, lactate dehydrogenase activity, and non-esterified free fatty acids in the subjects’ plasma were analyzed through commercially available kits in post-exercise plasma; the serum biochemical values of the subjects were analyzed through fully automatic modular biochemical immunoanalyzer; the results are shown in Figures 7 to 8, wherein, in each of Figures 7 to 8, B is the starting point; EO, E15, and END represent 0 minutes of exercise, 15 minutes of exercise, and 30 minutes of exercise (the end of the exercise), and R1,
R2, and R2 represent 1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours of rest after exercise, respectively.
Table 5 below is the result from analyzing the body weight, body mass index, body fat, muscle mass, and maximum oxygen uptake of the subjects before and after the intervention of rice protein RP-80NY and placebo. From the results in Table 5, it can be seen that there was no significant difference in body weight, BMI, body fat and muscle mass on days 0 and 28 of supplementation with rice protein RP-8ONY, there was no significant difference in body weight, BMI, body fat and muscle mass on days 0 and 28 of supplementation with placebo; and the maximum oxygen uptake before supplementation was not significantly different between the rice protein RP-80NY group and the placebo group. To sum up, the rice protein
RP-80NY disclosed in the present application does not affect the body composition of the subject. 10
In addition, from the test results of serum biochemical values and the analysis results of nutrient intake content of each subject, it can be seen that the rice protein RP-80NY disclosed in the present application does not cause change of serum biochemical values, nor will it affect the nutrient intake of the subjects. These results prove once again that the rice protein
RP-80NY disclosed in the present application has a high degree of human safety and will not affect the dietary status of the user.
Table 5: Basic data of subjects before and after intervention of placebo and rice protein
RP-80NY
Features
Body weight 72.55 + 72.61 + 72.15+ 72.62 + (kg) 11.55 11.82 11.53 11.65
BMI (kg/m?) 23.99 + 3.02 23.99 £ 3.11 23.85+£3.02 23.99 + 3.04
Body fat (%) 18.78+447 19.31 +444 19.13 £ 5.02 19.41 + 4.47
Muscle mass 5542 + 7.55 55.20+ 7.87 54.82 + 7.61 55.10+ 7.64 (kg)
VO; max / 36,53 + 7.57 2 37.26 + 7.14 (mL/kg/min)
According to the results in Figure 5, the grip strength can be significantly increased on day 28 of the supplementation of the rice protein RP-80NY (p<0.05), and compared with the placebo group, the grip strength of subjects supplemented with the rice protein RP-80NY is also significantly higher (p<0.05); however, for the subjects supplemented with placebo, there was no significant difference in grip strength between day O and day 28. According to the results in Figure 6, on day 28 of the supplementation of the rice protein RP-80NY, the exhaustive exercise time of the subjects can be significantly improved.
According to the results of Figure 7A to Figure 7B, on day 28 of the supplementation of the rice protein RP-80NY, the lactic acid content of the subjects at the 15th minute of exercise and at the end of the exercise can be significantly reduced, as well as the lactate dehydrogenase activity in plasma before exercise and 1 hour after rest; as for creatine kinase 11 activity, the plasma content was reduced at the 15th minute of exercise. From the results, it can be seen that the rice protein RP-80NY disclosed in the present application can reduce the accumulation of fatigue substances after exercise, reduce the metabolites of muscle damage, and improve the endurance exercise performance of the subjects.
According to the results of Figure 8A to Figure 8C, supplementing the rice protein
RP-80NY can significantly reduce the serum glucose before exercise and at the end of exercise, and significantly reduce the serum insulin level before exercise and after 3 hours of rest, and can increase the plasma content of non-esterified free fatty acids from the end of exercise to 3 hours of rest. The results show that the rice protein RP-80NY disclosed in the present application has the activity of promoting the increase of insulin secretion and reducing glucose in the blood, and can effectively avoid the occurrence of postprandial hyperglycemia, and during endurance exercise, non-esterified free fatty acids were used as an energy source to reduce glucose consumption and improve endurance exercise performance. In other words, the rice protein RP-80NY disclosed in the present application can reduce the risk of insulin resistance, improve insulin sensitivity, and improve endurance exercise performance by increasing non-esterified free fatty acids in plasma. [ Component symbol description]
None 12
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US20130142903A1 (en) * | 2010-08-24 | 2013-06-06 | Danisco Us Inc | Food product comprising a low temperature rice protein concentrate |
| US20140255540A1 (en) * | 2013-03-08 | 2014-09-11 | Axiom Foods, Inc. | Rice protein supplement and methods of use thereof |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20130142903A1 (en) * | 2010-08-24 | 2013-06-06 | Danisco Us Inc | Food product comprising a low temperature rice protein concentrate |
| US20140255540A1 (en) * | 2013-03-08 | 2014-09-11 | Axiom Foods, Inc. | Rice protein supplement and methods of use thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| JORDAN M JOY ET AL: "The effects of 8 weeks of whey or rice protein supplementation on body composition and exercise performance", NUTRITION JOURNAL, BIOMED CENTRAL, GB, vol. 12, no. 1, 20 June 2013 (2013-06-20), pages 86, XP021155396, ISSN: 1475-2891, DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-12-86 * |
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