NL2033153B1 - An electric vehicle comprising a primary coolant circuit - Google Patents

An electric vehicle comprising a primary coolant circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
NL2033153B1
NL2033153B1 NL2033153A NL2033153A NL2033153B1 NL 2033153 B1 NL2033153 B1 NL 2033153B1 NL 2033153 A NL2033153 A NL 2033153A NL 2033153 A NL2033153 A NL 2033153A NL 2033153 B1 NL2033153 B1 NL 2033153B1
Authority
NL
Netherlands
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
circuit
primary
exchange system
heat exchange
Prior art date
Application number
NL2033153A
Other languages
Dutch (nl)
Inventor
Elisabeth Pierre Goessen Nick
Andreas Josephina Emonts Freek
Petrus Adrianus Dingemans Cornelis
Marie Peter Andreas Nevels René
Original Assignee
Daf Trucks Nv
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daf Trucks Nv filed Critical Daf Trucks Nv
Priority to NL2033153A priority Critical patent/NL2033153B1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of NL2033153B1 publication Critical patent/NL2033153B1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/14—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit
    • B60H1/143—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit the heat being derived from cooling an electric component, e.g. electric motors, electric circuits, fuel cells or batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
    • B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
    • B60H1/00885—Controlling the flow of heating or cooling liquid, e.g. valves or pumps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B60L58/15—Preventing overcharging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/22—Dynamic electric resistor braking, combined with dynamic electric regenerative braking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/34—Cabin temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/36—Temperature of vehicle components or parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/425—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/52—Drive Train control parameters related to converters
    • B60L2240/525—Temperature of converter or components thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/545—Temperature

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

An electric vehicle comprising a primary coolant circuit for cooling electric power components of the vehicle, said electric power components at least comprising an electric engine and corresponding power inverters. The primary coolant circuit further comprises a heat exchange system, a first pump and ducts to exchange coolant between the heat exchange system and the electric components. The heat exchange system comprises a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet, to couple the heat exchange system to the primary circuit for receiving heated and cooled fluid respectively. A first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger are provided between said coolant outlet and inlet. A secondary circuit connects the first heat exchanger to a second pump and a brake resistor; and a valve selectively shuts off flow of the first heat exchanger towards the primary circuit. A circuit controller is programmed to control the valve and the second pump, to switch the primary coolant circuit to a first mode including the first heat exchanger, and a second mode not including the first heat exchanger.

Description

Title: An electric vehicle comprising a primary coolant circuit
BACKGROUND
The invention relates to an electric vehicle comprising a primary coolant circuit. Typically, coolant is cooled by a heat exchange system, which exchanges heat of temperature sensitive parts of an e-vehicle, in particular electric power components such as the engine, inverters, and battery.
Examples of e-vehicles are a battery electric vehicle, hybrid vehicle, plug in hybrid vehicle or fuel cell type.
Electrical components of the e-vehicle are typically cooled on a low/medium temperature range, e.g. maximum 60 degrees Celsius; which 1s important since insufficient cooling may lead to deteriorating of the electrical components, which in turn may affect the performance of the vehicle. For the heat exchange system to work, a substantial surface of the heat exchangers is needed to cool down the electrical components performing at full load. This is the case when the electric vehicle is driven in a high-power demand mode, e.g. when the vehicle is climbing under load.
However, such vehicles also should be able to descent in a safe way, and for this, it is prescribed that the vehicle should have an ‘endurance’ brake mode which does not utilize the foundation brakes, acting on the vehicle. In addition, it should be ensured that the vehicle can even brake when a battery full condition is imminent or present, since braking power is usually developed by electromechanical braking, i.e. using the e-motor as a generator and charging an electric battery storage or similar. Once the battery is full, the charge will stop flowing, which results in strongly reduced electromechanical braking. To this end a common solution is using a brake resistor, which converts the electric power into heat, so that the electromechanical action of the e-motor can still be used, even when the battery is full.
The e-motor regenerates mechanical power and the brake resistor transfers this power into heat. However, the cooling of the brake resistor poses a challenge in view of the large currents and corresponding heat, which makes the coolant circuit relatively unsuitable to simultaneously cool other parts of the electric vehicle at a more moderate temperature.
The invention aims to solve this by providing an electric vehicle comprising a primary coolant circuit for cooling electric power components of the vehicle, said electric power components at least comprising an electric engine and corresponding power inverters. The primary coolant circuit further comprises a heat exchange system, a first pump and ducts to exchange coolant between the heat exchange system and the electric components. The heat exchange system comprises a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet, to couple the heat exchange system to the primary circuit for receiving heated and cooled fluid respectively. A first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger are provided between said coolant outlet and inlet. A secondary circuit connects the first heat exchanger to a second pump and a brake resistor; and a valve selectively shuts off flow of the first heat exchanger towards the primary circuit. A circuit controller is programmed to control the valve and the second pump, to switch the primary coolant circuit to a first mode including the first heat exchanger, and a second mode not including the first heat exchanger.
In descent mode of the vehicle, when the brake resistor is used to provide engine braking, other parts of the vehicle can be cooled with a relatively low power second heat exchanger; while the first heat exchanger can be uniquely used for cooling the brake resistor.
The invention will be further explained with reference to the
Figure, in which a non-limiting exemplary embodiment of a vehicle according to the invention is shown:
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 shows a schematic setup of the electric vehicle heat exchange system in a first mode;
Fig. 2 shows a schematic setup of the electric vehicle heat exchange system in a second mode;
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Turning to Figure 1, a heat exchange system 10 of electric vehicle 1 1s shown which can be used as high or medium temperature heat exchange system by switching valves, in particular electronic valve 15. In normal driving mode and uphill driving the heat exchange system 10 acts as a medium temperature heat exchange system in medium temperature primary circuit 100, for cooling powertrain electrical parts, schematically indicated by 20. In braking mode, the heat exchange system 10 accommodates a high temperature heat exchange part for cooling the brake resistor. See Figure 2. In that case by switching the valves, notably valve 15 and/or 16 located both at a branch in primary circuit 100 leading to first heat exchange radiator 11, the powertrain electrical parts 20 may be cooled with a relatively small second heat exchange radiator 12, e.g an additional half size medium temperature heat exchanger part MT rad. Heat exchanger 11 may only be used in the medium temperature circuit 100 while driving in normal driving conditions and uphill. The brake resistor 14 is only used in going downhill while the batteries are full. So, when the brake resistor 14 is in need for cooling, the medium temperature primary circuit 100 does not need full cooling performance. The invention contains a switchable heat exchange which is only used by the system which is active at that moment.
In the figure, it is shown that the first heat exchange is radiator 11 with a large cooling area, providing a larger cooling power than the second heat exchanger, i.e. radiator 12.
For example, first and second heat exchangers 11, 12 can be provided in a stacked fashion wherein heat exchanger 12 may be half the size of heat exchange 11. The small half size heat exchanger is large enough to cool the electrical components 20 when the vehicle is performing its endurance braking. When the primary circuit 100 functions in normal mode a primary, medium temp circuit 100 is used to cool the electrical components 20 and even both radiators 11 and 12 can be used, e.g. 3/2 valves may guide the coolant flow through the large heat exchanger 11.
Alternatively, in normal mode radiator 12 may be even part of a separate (ternary) circuit, different from the primary circuit 100, e.g. for cooling a condenser used for battery cooling. In the brake mode, where brake resistor 14 is in need for cooling, circuit controller 40 controls valve 15 and/or 16 and the second pump 31, to switch the primary coolant circuit to a mode not including the first heat exchanger 11 as shown in Figure 2. In the brake mode, radiator 12 is part of the primary circuit 100 and functions to cool electric components of the primary circuit, in particular, the electric motor.
While in principle, heat generated in the secondary circuit 200 can be prevented to enter the primary circuit by a single valve 15, other valves may be present to completely isolate primary circuit 100 and secondary circuit 200 in brake mode. The controller 40 may be temperature controlled e.g. by thermosensors T3..T6 in the circuit.

Claims (6)

ConclusiesConclusions 1. Een elektrisch voertuig omvattende een primair koelcircuit voor het koelen van elektrisch-vermogenscomponenten van het voertuig, waarbij de elektrisch-vermogenscomponenten ten minste een elektrische motor en bijbehorende vermogens-inverters omvatten; 5 waarbij het primaire koelcircuit verder een warmtewisselsysteem omvat, een eerste pomp, en kanalen voor het uitwisselen van koelmiddel tussen het warmtewisselsysteem en de elektrische componenten; waarbij het warmtewisselsysteem omvat: — een koelmiddelinlaat en een koelmiddeluitlaat, om het warmtewisselsysteem te koppelen met het primaire circuit voor het respectievelijk ontvangen van verwarmd en gekoeld fluïdum; — een eerste warmtewisselaar en een tweede warmtewisselaar die voorzien zijn tussen de koelmiddeluitlaat en -inlaat; — een klep voor het afsluiten van stroming van de eerste warmtewisselaar richting het primaire circuit; — een secundair circuit dat de eerste warmtewisselaar verbindt met een tweede pomp en een remweerstand; en — een circuitregelaar voor het regelen van de klep en de tweede pomp, om het primaire koelcircuit te schakelen naar een eerste modus die de eerste warmtewisselaar erbij betrekt, en een tweede modus die de eerste warmtewisselaar er niet bij betrekt.1. An electric vehicle comprising a primary cooling circuit for cooling electric power components of the vehicle, wherein the electric power components comprise at least an electric motor and associated power inverters; 5 wherein the primary cooling circuit further comprises a heat exchange system, a first pump, and channels for exchanging coolant between the heat exchange system and the electrical components; wherein the heat exchange system comprises: - a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet, for coupling the heat exchange system with the primary circuit for receiving heated and cooled fluid respectively; - a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger provided between the coolant outlet and inlet; - a valve for closing flow from the first heat exchanger towards the primary circuit; — a secondary circuit connecting the first heat exchanger to a second pump and a braking resistor; and — a circuit controller for controlling the valve and the second pump, to switch the primary cooling circuit to a first mode involving the first heat exchanger and a second mode not involving the first heat exchanger. 2. Het elektrische voertuig volgens conclusie 1, waarbij de eerste en tweede warmtewisselaar op een gestapelde manier zijn voorzien.The electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the first and second heat exchangers are provided in a stacked manner. 3. Het elektrische voertuig volgens één van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de eerste warmtewisselaar een groter koelvermogen heeft dan de tweede warmtewisselaar.3. The electric vehicle according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first heat exchanger has a greater cooling capacity than the second heat exchanger. 4. Het elektrische voertuig volgens één van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de elektrisch-vermogenscomponenten verder ten minste één inverter omvatten; en waarbij de inverter is gekoeld door het primaire koelcircuit.The electric vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the electric power components further comprise at least one inverter; and wherein the inverter is cooled by the primary cooling circuit. 5. Het elektrische voertuig volgens één van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de eerste en/of tweede warmtewisselaar is gestapeld met een condensor; bijv. voor batterijkoeling en/of voor cabinekoeling.5. The electric vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first and/or second heat exchanger is stacked with a condenser; e.g. for battery cooling and/or for cabin cooling. 6. Het elektrische voertuig volgens één van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij een verdere klep selectief stroming afsluit van het primaire circuit naar de eerste warmtewisselaar.The electric vehicle according to any of the preceding claims, wherein a further valve selectively closes off flow from the primary circuit to the first heat exchanger.
NL2033153A 2022-09-27 2022-09-27 An electric vehicle comprising a primary coolant circuit NL2033153B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL2033153A NL2033153B1 (en) 2022-09-27 2022-09-27 An electric vehicle comprising a primary coolant circuit

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NL2033153A NL2033153B1 (en) 2022-09-27 2022-09-27 An electric vehicle comprising a primary coolant circuit

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NL2033153B1 true NL2033153B1 (en) 2024-04-05

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20210347265A1 (en) * 2020-05-11 2021-11-11 Hyundai Motor Company Regenerative braking control system for motor-driven vehicle
US20220194165A1 (en) * 2020-12-22 2022-06-23 Nikola Corporation Vehicle thermal management systems and methods

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20210347265A1 (en) * 2020-05-11 2021-11-11 Hyundai Motor Company Regenerative braking control system for motor-driven vehicle
US20220194165A1 (en) * 2020-12-22 2022-06-23 Nikola Corporation Vehicle thermal management systems and methods

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