NL2032402B1

NL2032402B1 - Method for evaluating implementation effect of regional ecological protection and restoration project

Info

Publication number: NL2032402B1
Application number: NL2032402A
Authority: NL
Inventors: Zou Changxin; Wang Yan; Lin Naifeng; Xu Delin; Liu Jing
Original assignee: Nanjing Institute Of Environmental Sciences Mini Of Ecology And Environment Of The Peoples Republic
Priority date: 2022-01-25
Filing date: 2022-07-07
Publication date: 2023-12-08
Also published as: NL2032402A; CN114565223A

Abstract

Disclosed is a method for evaluating implementation effect of regional ecological 5 protection and restoration project in an area, which comprises the following steps: determining an evaluation period and range according to the time period and the regional area of the implementation of the ecological protection and restoration project; establishing an evaluation index system of the implementation effect of the ecological protection and restoration project, and determining an evaluation index value; collecting basic data of an evaluation index value and 10 establishing an evaluation data set; calculating and scoring basic data of an evaluation index value by adopting a corresponding evaluation index calculation method; generating an evaluation report on the implementation effect of the ecological protection and restoration project. The method has the beneficial effects that the implementation effect evaluation of the ecological protection restoration project is carried out from two aspects of ecological benefit and 15 management effect under the guidance of the established target of the implementation of the ecological protection restoration project and the ecological protection restoration supervision, so that the scientificity and accuracy of the evaluation result are ensured, and a technical basis is provided for the implementation effect supervision of the ecological protection restoration project.

Description

METHOD FOR EVALUATING IMPLEMENTATION EFFECT OF REGIONAL

ECOLOGICAL PROTECTION AND RESTORATION PROJECT

TECHNICAL FIELD

The application relates to the technical field of ecological environment restoration, and in particular to a method for evaluating the implementation effect of regional ecological protection and restoration project.

BACKGROUND

Ecological protection and restoration has become one of the core contents of China's ecological civilization construction, and is the basic guarantee to realize "green hills and blue waters". At present, China has implemented a series of ecological protection and restoration projects, including the integrated protection and restoration of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grass and sand, the prevention and control of sand, the ecological restoration of mines, and the treatment of soil and water loss, and has achieved many positive results. However, in the process of project implementation, some places lack scientific understanding and systematic understanding of the ecological system. formalistic behaviour exists in the process of ecological protection and restoration, which goes against the laws of nature. Instead of applying policies according to local conditions and in accordance with the laws of nature, some places attach importance to artificial restoration and neglect natural restoration, attach importance to early stage construction and neglect late stage management and protection, and even carry out ecological damage in the name of ecological construction. In order to strengthen the supervision of ecological protection and restoration, grasp the implementation effect of ecological protection and restoration project in time, and eliminate the occurrence of ecological formalism, a technical method of evaluation on the implementation effect of ecological protection and restoration project is urgently needed. At present, the technical specifications for ecological protection and restoration that have been issued and implemented mainly focus on monitoring and restoration technologies, lacking technical methods that can reflect the key links of ecological protection and restoration supervision, especially in the link of effectiveness evaluation of ecological protection and restoration, and lacking a unified technical specification for the overall goal of ecological protection and restoration, which can implement binding assessment and guiding assessment by stages. The lack of key regulatory technical specifications has led to prominent formalism problems in ecological restoration, such as surface engineering, political achievements engineering, construction but not maintenance, and perfunctory rectification. In addition, the existing technical specifications for ecological protection and restoration are mostly formulated around a single factor and a single target, which fail to reflect the correlation between ecological factors and the target of protection and restoration of landscape, forest,

field, lake, grass and sand systems, and are difficult to meet the strategic requirements for ecological protection and restoration in areas in need of ecological protection and/or restoration.

Under the background of ecological civilization construction, based on the concept of "landscape forest, field, lake, grass and life community”, carrying out the integrated ecological protection and restoration project of landscape forest, field, lake, grass and sand, realizing the ecological protection and restoration objectives of pattern optimization, quality improvement and function enhancement, improving the quality of regional ecological environment and building green water and green mountains are the powerful measures to implement the concept of ecological civilization and promote the construction of ecological civilization, which are related to the foundation and construction process of a beautiful natural environment.

However, it is still very difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of ecological protection and restoration projects, which is mainly due to the fact that the existing evaluation of the effectiveness of ecological protection and restoration focuses on a single element, lacks a reflection of the integrity and systematicness of the ecological system, does not base on the process and mechanism of the ecological system, and ignores the relationship between the integrity and systematicness of the ecological system and the ecological elements; secondly, the existing prototype monitoring is mostly limited by funds, data sources, technical conditions, etc., and can only be implemented on a small scale and within a small scope, so it is difficult to realize the large-scale protection and restoration effect assessment; the existing evaluation methods are lack of scientificity and standardization, which limits the standardized development and management use of ecological protection and restoration effectiveness evaluation. Patent

No. CN108564243B discloses a quantitative assessment method for water resources effect of ecological protection and restoration in the headwaters of the Yangtze River and the Yellow

River, which is mainly used for carrying out simulation assessment and prediction on water resources effect generated after the implementation of large-scale ecological protection and restoration measures. Neither the patent nor the prior art collects assessment indicators before the implementation of ecological restoration measures, which results in low accuracy of assessment results.

Aiming at the problems in related technologies, no effective solutions have been proposed.

SUMMARY

Aiming at the problems in the related technologies, the application provides a method for evaluating the implementation effect of a regional ecological protection and restoration project of an area so as to overcome the technical problems existing in prior art.

Therefore, the application adopts the following specific technical scheme:

A method for evaluating the implementation effect of a regional ecological protection and restoration project, which comprises the following steps:

31, determining an evaluation period and range according to the time period and the regional area of the implementation of the ecological protection and restoration project;

S2, establishing an evaluation index system of the implementation effect of the ecological protection and restoration project, and determining an evaluation index value;

S3, collecting basic data of an evaluation index value and establishing an evaluation data set;

S4, calculating and scoring basic data of an evaluation index value by adopting a corresponding evaluation index calculation method;

S5, generating an evaluation report on the implementation effect of the ecological protection and restoration project.

Further, the evaluation cycle includes final evaluation and post-evaluation, the final evaluation is carried out after the project acceptance, the post-evaluation is carried out three years after the project acceptance is completed, and the post-evaluation is carried out every five years, and the specific project can be adjusted. appropriately according to the actual supervision needs.

Further, the evaluation index comprises an ecological benefit index and a management effect index, where the ecological benefit index comprises common indexes and individual indexes; the ecological benefit common indexes comprise an ecological system pattern index, an ecological system quality index, an ecological system function index and an ecological interference index, the ecological benefit individual indexes comprise a forest protection and restoration project index, a grassland protection and restoration project index, a wetland protection and restoration project index, a mine restoration project index, a sand prevention and control project index, a rocky desertification control project index, a soil and wat loss control project index, a geological disaster control project index and a watershed comprehensive control project index, the management effect index include project performance indicators, project management indicators and public satisfaction indicators.

Further, it is characterized in that the evaluation index value is the change rate of the index evaluation period value to the background value; where the evaluation period value is the index value of the evaluation year, and the background value is the index value before the implementation of the ecological protection and restoration project, where the background value of the natural degraded ecological system is the average value of the five years before the implementation of the ecological protection and restoration project, and the background value of the artificial interference ecological system is the index value before the implementation of the ecological protection and restoration project after the occurrence of ecological damage, and the calculation formula is as follows: 7 7

X= El x 100%

In the equation, X is the evaluation index value, Yis the index value during the evaluation period, and Y'is the background index value.

Further, in S3, collecting the basic data of the evaluation index value and establishing the evaluation data set includes collecting the basic data by means of data collection, remote sensing analysis, ground survey, spatial calculation, questionnaire survey and statistical analysis, and establishing the background and evaluation period data sets according to the collected basic data.

Further, in S4, the basic data of the evaluation index value is calculated by adopting a suitable evaluation index calculation method, including the calculation of ecosystem pattern index, ecosystem quality index, ecosystem function index, ecological disturbance index and personality index; the calculation formula of the ecosystem pattern index is as follows:

EP= Dis: EP {

Where, EP is the ecosystem pattern index, EP; is the score of the index | in the ecosystem pattern category, / is the index sequence number, and n is the index quantity; the calculation formula of the ecosystem quality index is as follows:

EQI= Diet EEQ;

Where EQI is the ecosystem quality index, EG is the score of item | index of ecosystem guality, and | is the index sequence number;

The calculation formula of the ecosystem function index is as follows:

EFI =)" EFI,

In the equation, EF! is the ecosystem function index, EF! is the score of the index item | of the ecosystem function class, / is the index sequence number, and n is the index quantity; the calculation formula of the ecological interference index is as follows: u DF SIL DI;

Where DI is the ecological disturbance index, D/i is the score of the first index of ecological disturbance category, and / is the index serial number.

Further, the calculation formula of the personality index is as follows:

PIF di Pli

Where PI is the personality index of a certain engineering type, P!! is the index score of item / of a certain engineering type, / is the index sequence number, and N is the index quantity.

Further, the calculation formula of the management effectiveness index is as follows:

PMI= 2 PM],

In the equation, PMI is the management effectiveness index, PMI is the score of item / index of management effectiveness class, / is the index sequence number, and rn is the index quantity.

Further, in the S4, calculating the basic data of the evaluation index value by adopting a 5 corresponding evaluation index calculation method further comprises calculating an ecological protection and restoration project implementation effect comprehensive index, and the calculation formula of the ecological protection and restoration project implementation effect comprehensive index is as follows:

EPRI=EP + EQ! + EFI + DI + Pl + PMI

Where, EPRI is the comprehensive index of the implementation effect of ecological protection and restoration project, EP is the ecosystem pattern index, EQ/ is the ecosystem quality index, EF! is the ecosystem function index, DI is the ecological disturbance index, Pl is the individual index of a certain project type, and PM? is the management effect index.

Further, the calculation of the evaluation index adopts a percentile system, wherein the ecological benefit common index and the management effect index have full scores of 80 points, the ecological benefit individual index has full scores of 20 points and the EPR! has full scores of 100 points, and the EPR! is assigned with corresponding weights according to the importance degrees of the ecological benefit common index, the management effect index and the ecological benefit individual index, and is divided into four grades of unqualified, general, better and excellent according to the scores;

The weights of the ecological benefit common index, the management effect index and the ecological benefit individual index are trained through a five-layer fully connected neural network and obtained by obtaining variable difference rounding one by one, wherein the node information of each layer of the neural network is as follows:

Number of input layer nodes: 3, corresponding to 3 evaluation indexes;

Number of nodes in the middle layer: 15, 20, 10 and 3;

Number of output layer nodes: 1;

Activation function: ReLU, relay linear activation function, y= max{0,x}, x is the input of relay activation function, and y is the output of relay linear activation function; v= Le" +0)

Pre-training method: RBM, restricted Boltzmann machine, Z ,

Where x is the input to the neuron, w is the weight vector, b is the input bias, c is the output bias, z is the normalization factor, and y is the output of the neuron;

Training data: comprehensive scoring record of implementation results of historical ecological protection and restoration projects.

Further, the evaluation report on the implementation effectiveness of the ecological protection and restoration project generated in S5 includes the preparation of the work background, objectives and tasks, evaluation methods and processes, evaluation conclusions and results application recommendations of the ecological protection and restoration project.

The application has the following beneficial effects: (1) The present application takes the established target of the implementation of the ecological protection and restoration project and the ecological protection and restoration supervision and ecological protection and restoration supervision as guidance, mainly around the regional ecological environment damage and ecological degradation problems, and takes the improvement of ecological environment quality as a focus, and carries out the evaluation of the implementation effect of the ecological protection and restoration project from two aspects of ecological benefit and management effect, thereby ensuring the scientificity and accuracy of the evaluation result, and providing technical support for the ecological protection and restoration supervision. (2) The evaluation index is determine on that basis of the ecological protection repair monitor demand and the data basis, so that the evaluation index can be obtained, evaluated and operate easily, the ecological environment state and the change of the evaluation area are objectively reflected, and the evaluation result is ensured to be scientific and accurate and practical; in the application, the quantitative method is preferentially adopt for analysis and evaluation, and when the existing scientific method or other reason cannot meet the requirement of quantification and are not suitable for quantification, the qualitative method can be adopted for description and evaluation, so that the evaluation result is more scientific and feasible, and the requirement of ecological protection and restoration supervision is met.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

In order to explain the embodiment of the application or the technical scheme in the prior art more clearly, the drawings used in the embodiment will be briefly introduced below.

Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the application. For ordinary technicians in the field, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without paying creative labour.

FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for evaluating the implementation effectiveness of a regional ecological protection and restoration project according to an embodiment of the present application.

DESCRIPTION OF THE APPLICATION

In order to further illustrate the embodiments, the present application provides drawings, which are a part of the disclosure of the present application, and are mainly used to illustrate the embodiments, and can explain the operation principle of the embodiments in conjunction with the related descriptions in the specification. With reference to these contents, those skilled in the art should be able to understand other possible embodiments and the advantages of the present application. Components in the drawings are not drawn to scale, and similar component symbols are usually used to indicate similar components.

According to the embodiment of the application, a method for evaluating the implementation effect of a regional ecological protection and restoration project is provided.

The application will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. as shown in FIG. 1, the effectiveness evaluation method for the ecological protection and restoration project according to the embodiment of the application comprises the following steps:

S1. Determining an evaluation period and range according to the time period and the region of the implementation of the ecological protection and restoration project; according to the period of implementation of the ecological protection and restoration project, determine the evaluation cycle, define the evaluation year and base year, and determine the evaluation scope of the implementation effect evaluation of the ecological protection and restoration project, focusing on the spatial scope of the implementation of the ecological protection and restoration project, combined with the possible affected areas of the project; specifically, the evaluation cycle includes final evaluation and post-evaluation, the final evaluation is carried out after the project acceptance, the post-evaluation is carried out three years after the project acceptance is completed, and the post-evaluation is carried out every five years, and the specific project can be adjusted appropriately according to the actual supervision needs.

In addition, an appropriate evaluation cycle can be selected according to the project implementation cycle, the characteristics of project effectiveness and management requirements, with the background before the implementation of ecological protection and restoration project as the evaluation benchmark value and the ecological environment in the evaluation year as the evaluation value. The final evaluation is conducted once, and the later evaluation can be conducted once every five years in principle. The evaluation cycle can be adjusted appropriately for specific projects according to the actual situation.

S2. Focusing on the objectives of the ecological protection and restoration project and the major ecological and environmental problems to be solved, and in combination with the requirements of the project planning or implementation plan, the ecological benefit indicators and management effect indicators are defined; establishing an evaluation index system of the implementation effect of the ecological protection and restoration project, and determining an evaluation index value.

S3. According to the specific indicators, collecting basic data of an evaluation index value and establishing an evaluation data set.

Specifically, in one embodiment, in S3, collecting the basic data of the evaluation index value and establishing the evaluation data set includes collecting the basic data by means of data collection, remote sensing analysis, ground survey, spatial calculation, questionnaire survey and statistical analysis, and establishing the background and evaluation period data sets according to the collected basic data.

S4. Calculating and scoring basic data of an evaluation index value by adopting a corresponding evaluation index calculation method; calculating the scores of each evaluation index and the comprehensive evaluation index of the implementation effect of the ecological protection and restoration project, determining the evaluation grade, analysing the change of the evaluation index, evaluating the effect of the implementation of the ecological protection and restoration project, and obtaining an evaluation conclusion;

Specifically, in one embodiment, the evaluation index comprises an ecological benefit index and a management effect index, where the ecological benefit index comprises common indexes and individual indexes; the ecological benefit common indexes comprise an ecological system pattern index, an ecological system quality index, an ecological system function index and an ecological interference index, the ecological benefit individual indexes comprise a forest protection and restoration project index, a grassland protection and restoration project index, a wetland protection and restoration project index, a mine restoration project index, a sand prevention and control project index, a rocky desertification control project index, a soil and wat loss control project index, a geological disaster control project index and a watershed comprehensive control project index, the management effect index include project performance indicators, project management indicators and public satisfaction indicators.

Specifically, the evaluation index value is the change rate of the index evaluation period value to the background value; where the evaluation period value is the index value of the evaluation year, and the background value is the index value before the implementation of the ecological protection and restoration project, where the background value of the natural degraded ecological system is the average value of the five years before the implementation of the ecological protection and restoration project, and the background value of the artificial interference ecological system is the index value before the implementation of the ecological protection and restoration project after the occurrence of ecological damage, and the calculation formula is as follows:

X= > x 100%

In an embodiment, in S4, the basic data of the evaluation index value is calculated by adopting a suitable evaluation index calculation method, including the calculation of ecosystem pattern index, ecosystem quality index, ecosystem function index, ecological disturbance index and personality index; the calculation formula of the ecosystem pattern index is as follows:

DT .

EP=3"_ EP;

Where, EP is the ecosystem pattern index, EP; is the score of the index / in the ecosystem pattern category, / is the index sequence number, and 71 is the index quantity;

Table 1 Ecosystem pattern category index score table

Index

Classification Evaluation indicators Index corresponding score score

Important ecological land | 8-10 points 5-7 points 0-4 points protection and restoration

Ecosystem . X210% 5%<X<10% X<5% index pattern oo 4-5 points 2-3 points 0-1 points

Category Connectivity index of

The calculation formula of the ecosystem quality index is as follows:

OKT

FOR >; EEG,

Where EQI is the ecosystem quality index, EG is the score of item / index of ecosystem quality, and / is the index sequence number;

Table 2 Ecosystem quality index scoring table

Index

Classification Evaluation indicators Index corresponding score score 4-5 points | 2-3 points | 0-1 points OO

Ecosystem Total primary productivity index

Quality 4-5 points | 2-3 points | 0-1 points

Ecological Quality Index Dn

The calculation formula of the ecosystem function index is as follows:

EFI =)" EFI

T Li=t i

In the equation, EF! is the ecosystem function index, EF/ is the score of the index item / of the ecosystem function class, / is the index sequence number, and n is the index quantity;

Table 3 Ecosystem function index scoring table

I Co : Index

Classification Evaluation indicators Index corresponding score score 8-10 5.7 voint 0-4 -7 points

Ecosystem Leading ecological points P points function function index

X210% | 5%=<X<10% | X<5% the calculation formula of the ecological interference index is as follows: — Yt

DEF Yi, DL

Where DI is the ecological disturbance index, DJ; is the score of the first index of ecological disturbance category, and i is the index serial number.

Table 4 Ecological disturbance index scoring table

Evaluation

Classification oo Index corresponding score Index score indicators 4-5 points 2-3 points | 0-1 points OO

Three or more kinds of 1-2 kinds of alien alien

Natural No foreign biological i biological iological invasion, iologica disturbance | piological invasion, control | 9 oo rat, pest contro invasion, condition rat, plant diseases

Ecosystem Pl rate of 80% and rodent,

Disturbance and insect pests above pest control rate is less than 80% 4-5 points 2-3 points 0-1 points

Human disturbance condition Xz10% 5%=<X<10% X<5%

In an embodiment, the calculation formula of the personality index is as follows:

Sj n Pp

PE Si, Ph

Where Pi is the personality index of a certain engineering type, Pl; is the index score of item { of a certain engineering type, / is the index sequence number, and n is the index quantity.

Table 5 Personality Index Scoring Table

Project type / /

Scores Personality Index Grading standards / Small (0-4 points)

Rate of increase of canopy /

Forest 10 / Average (5-7 points) density protection and Larger (8-10 points) restoration / oo Small (0-4 points) projects The status of wildlife / 10 / Average (5-7 points) population growth /

Larger (8-10 points)

Improvement rate of Small (0-4 points)

Grassland 10 integrated grassland Average (5-7 points) protection and vegetation coverage Larger (8-10 points) restoration Small (0-4 points) / The increase of wild animal projects 10 / Average (5-7 points) and plant population. /

Larger (8-10 points)

Small (0-4 points)

Water network density

Average (5-7 points) index increase rate

Larger (8-10 points) / Small (0-4 points)

Water quality standard rate /

Wetland 5 Average (5-7 points) of water functional area / protection and Larger (8-10 points) restoration Small (0-4 points) / Increase rate of natural project 5 Average (5-7 points) shoreline preservation

Larger (8-10 points)

Small (0-4 points)

The status of wildlife 5 / Average (5-7 points) population growth /

Larger (8-10 points)

Small (0-4 points)

Improvement of / / Average (5-7 points)

Mine environmental quality /

Larger (8-10 points) rehabilitation / / Rate of eliminating hidden Small (0-4 points) engineering 10 dangers of geological Average (5-7 points) disasters Larger (8-10 points)

The effectiveness of Small (0-4 points)

Sand 10 desertification control Average (5-7 points) an projects Larger (8-10 points) prevention and / / Small (0-4 points) control project Vegetation coverage / 10 / Average (5-7 points) improvement rate /

Larger (8-10 points)

Small (0-4 points)

The exposed degree of / 10 Average (5-7 points)

Rocky bedrock decreases

Larger (8-10 points) desertification / / Small (0-4 points) control project Vegetation coverage / 10 / Average (5-7 points) improvement rate /

Larger (8-10 points)

Small (0-4 points)

Soil erosion area reduction 10 t Average (5-7 points) rate

Soil erosion Larger (8-10 points} control project Small (0-4 points)

Improvement rate of soil 10 Average (5-7 points) and water conservation /

Larger (8-10 points)

Rate of eliminating hidden Small (0-4 points) 10 dangers of geological Average (5-7 points)

Geological / / disasters Larger (8-10 points) disaster control / == Small (0-4 points) project Improvement of living / 10 / Average (5-7 points) environment

Larger (8-10 points) / Small (0-4 points)

Water network density 10 / / Average (5-7 points)

Comprehensive index increase rate /

Larger (8-10 points) river basin / Small (0-4 points) control project 10 water qualification rate Average (5-7 points)

Larger (8-10 points) the calculation formula of the management effectiveness index is as follows: n oi > LPM,

In the equation, PM! is the management effectiveness index, PMI; is the score of item / index of management effectiveness class, / is the index sequence number, and n is the index quantity.

Table 6 Management effectiveness indicator scoring table

Index

Classification Scores Index corresponding score score

Engineering target The completion rate of The completion rate of performance completion performance target is performance target is less status 100%. than 100%

Project / The setting of The ecological

Ecological / oo / management / ecological monitoring points monitoring point oo / en monitoring points are not set specification, | _ / / is standardized, standardized, oo to carry out the

Monitoring and the whole and the whole whole process and process and process and / and long-term evaluation / long-term long-term dynamic / / oo dynamic dynamic monitoring and oo oo / monitoring and monitoring and evaluation of the / / evaluation are evaluation are situation is good general. poor. 4-5 points 2-3 points 0-1 points

According to the New ecological results of problems and monitoring and New ecological potential evaluation, timely problems and ecological risks find new potential cannot be ecological ecological risks | discovered or not problems and the are found, and discovered in potential protection and time, and ecological risk, to restoration protection and may lead to measures and restoration deviate from the | technologies that measures and protection and may deviate from technologies, / restoration of ecological spatial layout and

Adaptive / / == ecological goals protection and timing management or the protection restoration arrangement of of ecosystem objectives or sub-projects, new damage cause new which may repair measures damage to the deviate from the and technology, ecosystem, as ecological the component of well as spatial protection and spatial layout and | layout and timing restoration sequence arrangement of objectives or arrangement sub-projects are cause new according to the generally damage to the prescribed adjusted and ecological procedures and revised system, are approval after the poorly adjusted corresponding and revised adjustment

Er swe | sows | otpas

The whole

The whole process process of supervision, site | The supervision, supervision, on- | management and on-site site management project quality management and and project control of the quality control of quality control of project the whole project the project are implementation | are poor, and the good. The are general, and establishment establishment the and and establishment implementation implementation and of the completion

Construction | of the completion implementation acceptance of project acceptance of the completion system, the management system, the acceptance evaluation system evaluation system, the system, the system, the evaluation above-mentioned above-mentioned system, the warehousing warehousing above-mentioned verification verification warehousing system and the system and the verification later later system and the | management and management and later protection protection management and | system are poor, system are good, protection and the file and the file system are management is management is general, and the poor. standardized. file management is general.

Sw | asa | orp

The operation The operation Engineering

Post-project and maintenance | and maintenance infrastructure management of engineering of engineering operation and and infrastructure, infrastructure, maintenance, protection tracking and tracking and ecological protection of management of | process tracking ecological ecological and processes, processes, management,

development of tracking, tracking tracking, monitoring and monitoring and monitoring and evaluation, and evaluation, evaluation, and control of improper human control of improper human interference inappropriate interference are | control and so on human generally poor are poor. interference are all in good condition. sem | ste | Gras

The residents in The residents in The residents in the project area the project area the project area are very satisfied are relatively are generally with the satisfied with the | satisfied with the

Public Public implementation implementation implementation satisfaction satisfaction of the ecological | ofthe ecological | of the ecological index protection and protection and protection and restoration restoration restoration project, and the project, with the project, and the degree of satisfaction satisfaction satisfaction is not | degree ranging degree is less less than 90% from 85% to 90% than 85%

In an embodiment, in S4, calculating the basic data of the evaluation index value by adopting a corresponding evaluation index calculation method further comprises calculating an ecological protection and restoration project implementation effect comprehensive index, and the calculation formula of the ecological protection and restoration project implementation effect comprehensive index is as follows:

EPRI = EP + EQ/ + EF! + DI + Pl + PMI

Where, EPRI is the comprehensive index of the implementation effect of ecological protection and restoration project, EP is the ecosystem pattern index, EQ! is the ecosystem quality index, EF! is the ecosystem function index, D/ is the ecological disturbance index, Pl is the individual index of a certain project type, and PM! is the management effect index.

In addition, this assessment is conducted by combining quantitative assessment with qualitative assessment. Quantitative evaluation or qualitative judgment is made on the change of the index value of each index in the evaluation period compared with the background index value, and the score of protection and restoration effect is obtained by adding and combining the corresponding scores.

In an embodiment, the calculation of the evaluation index adopts a percentile system, wherein the ecological benefit common index and the management effect index have full scores of 80 points, the ecological benefit individual index has full scores of 20 points and the EPR/ has full scores of 100 points, and the EPRI! is assigned with corresponding weights according to the importance degrees of the ecological benefit common index, the management effect index and the ecological benefit individual index, and is divided into four grades of unqualified, general, better and excellent according to the scores;

Number of input layer nodes: 3, corresponding to 3 evaluation indexes;

Number of nodes in the middle layer: 15, 20, 10 and 3;

Number of output layer nodes: 1;

Activation function: ReLU, relay linear activation function, y= max(0,x), x is the input of relay activation function, and y is the output of relay linear activation function; ve 1 (ee)

Pre-training method: RBM, restricted Boltzmann machine, = Z ,

Training data: comprehensive scoring record of implementation results of historical ecological protection and restoration projects. 0 = EPRI < 60, the implementation effect of ecological protection and restoration project is not up to standard, indicating that the ecological protection and restoration project plays a poor role. 60 < EPRI! < 70, the implementation effect of the ecological protection and restoration project is general, indicating that the effect of the ecological protection and restoration project was not significant. 70=EPRI<90, the ecological protection and restoration project has achieved good results, indicating that the ecological protection and restoration project plays a significant role. 90 < EPRI £100, the implementation effect of ecological protection and restoration project was excellent, indicating that the ecological protection and restoration project played a significant role.

Table 7 Grading Table of Implementation Effectiveness of Ecological Protection and

Restoration Project

OSEPRI<60 Disqualification

Table 8 Evaluation Index System of Implementation Effectiveness of Ecological Protection and Restoration Project

Contents of == Level | indicators Specific indicators Scores | Scoring content supervision / Forest, grassland, wetland

Important ecological / and other ecological land land protection and 10 / / oo protection and repair area restoration index

Ecosystem pattern growth rate

Increase rate of

Ecological connectivity / == / 5 | ecological connectivity index index in the region

Total primary 5 Total primary

Ecosystem Quality | productivity index productivity growth rate

Ecological Quality 5 Improvement in habitat

Ecological Index quality index benefits Water conservation, (Common soil and water conservation, indicators) / Leading ecological wind and sand fixation,

Ecosystem function 10 / function index flood regulation and storage of leading ecological function improvement rate

The occurrence of

Natural 5 foreign biological invasion, disturbance condition rodent, pest, fire and other

Ecological / natural interference disturbance

Reduction rate of

Human disturbance 5 | development interference condition index / Status of achievement Completion of various

Management Project oo / / of performance 10 | indicators in the ecological performance performance / / objectives protection and restoration plan and its implementation plan

Monitoring and 5 Ecological monitoring and evaluation evaluation

Adjustment of engineering, / technology and measures in

Adaptive management 5 / / the implementation of the project.

Project acceptance,

Project evaluation, information management / / supervision, management

Construction of project / and protection, file management system management system establishment and implementation

Late project Engineering acceptance management and 5 | after the late management protection and protection to carry out

Public Local public satisfaction

Public satisfaction satisfaction / 5 | with the results of the index oo / project implementation ] |]

Table 9 Ecological protection and restoration project implementation effectiveness evaluation of ecological benefit individual index recommended

Project type Individual index

Forest protection and Canopy density 20 restoration project Community biomass

Grassland comprehensive vegetation

Grassland protection 10 coverage 20 and restoration project

Grassland productivity

Water network density index 5 Water quality standard rate of water

Wetland protection and functional area 20 restoration project Natural shoreline preservation rate 5 Status of increasing numbers of wild animals and plants

Environmental quality improvement

Mine restoration project 20

Elimination rate of geological hazards

The degree of effectiveness of control project project

Geological disaster control project geological disasters 20

Comprehensive river basin control project index 20

Specifically, the individual indicators according to the type of ecological protection and restoration project to choose the corresponding index.

S5. Generating an evaluation report on the implementation effect of the ecological protection and restoration project.

Specifically, the evaluation report on the implementation effectiveness of the ecological protection and restoration project generated in S5 includes the preparation of the work background, objectives and tasks, evaluation methods and processes, evaluation conclusions and results application recommendations of the ecological protection and restoration project.

The application provides a basic principle, a technical flow, an evaluation index, a calculation method and a data source, an evaluation conclusion, an achievement application and the like of the implementation effect evaluation of an ecological protection and restoration project.

GB 3838 Environmental quality standards for surface water

GB 15618 Soil environmental quality risk control standard for soil contamination of Agricultural Land (Trial)

GB/T 21141 Technical regulations for sandification prevention and control

HJ/T 166 Technical Specification for soil Environmental monitoring

HJ 192 Technical Criterion for Ecosystem Status Evaluation

HJ 1141 Technical specification for supervision of ecological conservation redline-Ecological condition monitoring (on trial)

HJ 1142 Technical specification for supervision of ecological conservation redline-Ecological function evaluation (on trial)

HJ 1143 Technical specification for supervision of ecological conservation redline-Protection effectiveness evaluation (on trial)

HJ 1171 Technical specification for investigation and assessment of national ecological status——Ecosystem patterns assessment

HJ 1172 Technical specification for investigation and assessment of national ecological status—— Ecosystem quality assessment

HJ 1173 Technical specification for investigation and assessment of national ecological status—— Ecosystem services assessment

LY/T 2191 Indicator system for long-term observation of Karst rocky desert ecosystem in Southwest China

Notice on Issuing the List of The First Invasive Alien Species in China (Released by

Ministry of ecology and environment [2003] No. 11)

Notice on Issuing the List of The Second Invasive Alien Species in China (Released by Ministry of ecology and environment [2001] No. 4)

Notice on Issuing the List of The Third Invasive Alien Species in China (No.57 of the

Former Ministry of Environmental Protection, 2014)

List of Invasive Species under State Key Management (The first batch) (Former Announcement No. 1897 of the Ministry of Agriculture)

Master Plan for Major Projects to Protect and Restore China's Major Ecosystems (2021-2035) (Released by Department of Rural Economy, National Development and

Reform Commission [2020] No. 837)

Guide for Ecological Protection and Restoration of Mountains, Rivers, Forests,

Farmland, Lakes and Grass (Trial) (Released by Office of Natural Resources [2020] No. 38)

The method is mainly applicable to the evaluation of the implementation effect of the landscape, forest, field, lake, grass and sand integrated protection and restoration project, and the evaluation of the implementation effect of the ecological protection and restoration projects such as forest protection and restoration, wetland protection and restoration, grassland protection and restoration, sand prevention and control, mine ecological restoration, watershed comprehensive treatment, rocky desertification comprehensive treatment, soil and water loss treatment and the like can be performed by reference.

The present application refers to the following documents or the terms thereof. Where undated references are used, the effective version is applicable to the present application.

Terms and definitions:

The following terms and definitions are applicable to this standard.

Ecological conservation and restoration project:

In a certain area, in order to enhance the self-recovery ability of the ecosystem, enhance the stability of the ecosystem, promote the overall improvement of the quality of the natural ecosystem and the overall enhancement of the supply capacity of ecological products, the project construction and related activities are carried out to restore, rebuild and improve the degraded, damaged and degraded ecosystem according to the succession law and internal mechanism of the natural ecosystem.

Effectiveness of ecological conservation and restoration:

After the implementation of the ecological protection and restoration project, it has achieved results in optimizing the ecological pattern, improving the quality and function of the ecosystem, slowing down the ecological disturbance, project management and effectiveness maintenance.

Ecosystem pattern:

Spatial arrangement and combination of various ecosystems on the scale of landscape and region, including ecosystem types, numbers, spatial distribution and configuration.

Ecosystem quality:

The quality of the ecosystem reflects the basic characteristics and health status of the ecosystem at the level of the ecosystem in a specific time and space.

Ecological function:

In the process of life-sustaining material circulation and energy conversion, the benefits provided by the ecosystem to human beings usually include product provision, ecological regulation, entertainment culture and supporting functions. Regional leading ecological functions of ecological protection and restoration projects include water conservation, soil and water conservation, wind and sand fixation, biodiversity maintenance and other types.

Ecological disturbance:

Caused by natural or man-made factors, discontinuous external community, sudden action of discontinuous occurrence factors or ultra-normal range fluctuation of continuous occurrence factors. Such action or fluctuation can cause all or part of obvious changes of organisms, populations or communities, and displace the structure and function of ecosystems.

Common indicators of ecological benefits: . ecosystem pattern indicators 1. the important ecological land protection and restoration index;

Refers to the area growth rate of forest, grassland, wetland and other ecological systems with natural ecological properties in the assessment area. Classification criteria refer to the national ecological status remote sensing investigation and assessment of ecological system classification system, unit: %.

Table 10 Table of National Ecosystem Classification System 1 Forest ecosystem 3 Grassland ecosystem ew [em

Source: remote sensing monitoring and ground verification. Technical methods refer to HJ 1141 and HJ 1171. 2. Ecological connectivity index;

Refers to the improvement rate of the overall connectivity of the ecological system in the assessment area, which reflects the stability and ecological security of the regional ecological system to a certain extent. Dimensionless.

Data source: remote sensing monitoring and data analysis.

II. Ecosystem quality indicators: 1. The total primary productivity index;

Refers to the total amount of organic carbon fixed by photosynthesis of green plants per unit time and per unit area in the assessment area. Unit: gc:m?

Data sources: remote sensing monitoring, ground verification and data analysis. Monitoring methods refer to HJ 1172.

2. Habitat quality index

Refers to the improvement rate of the quality of biological habitat in the assessment area, which reflects the suitability of the regional ecological system for organisms.

Data sources: remote sensing monitoring, ground verification and data analysis. Technical methods refer to HJ 192.

II. Ecosystem function indicators: 1. Leading ecological function index;

Refers to the ecological function improvement rate of the leading ecological functions in the assessment area through the implementation of protection and restoration projects, including water conservation, soil and water conservation, wind and sand fixation, biodiversity maintenance and other functional types. The unit. %.

Source: Remote sensing monitoring, statistical data and data analysis. The calculation method refers to HJ 1142 and HJ 1173.

IV. Indicators of ecological disturbance: 1. Natural interference;

Refers to the interference that occurs under natural environmental conditions without human intervention, such as rat damage, pests and diseases, invasion of alien organisms, etc.

Source: Remote sensing monitoring and survey data. 2. Human interference;

It refers to the transformation or development and construction of nature under the guidance of human purposeful behaviour, such as burning wasteland for farming, deforestation, grazing and infrastructure construction.

Source: Remote sensing monitoring and survey data. 2.1. Development interference intensity;

It refers to the stress degree of human activities on the ecosystem. The larger the interference index is, the greater the stress degree of human activities on the ecosystem is.

Dimensionless.

Data source: remote sensing monitoring and data analysis. Calculation method refers to HJ 192.

Individual index of ecological benefit: . Index of forest protection and restoration project: 1. Canopy density;

Refers to the ratio of the total projected area (crown width) of the tree crown on the ground in the forest under direct sunlight to the total area of this woodland (stand), unit:%.

Source: Remote sensing monitoring and data analysis.

II. Indexes of grassland protection and restoration works: 1. Grassland comprehensive vegetation coverage;

Refers to the weighted average of the vegetation coverage of each major grassland type in an area and its proportion to the area. Unit: %.

Data source: remote sensing monitoring and data analysis.

II. Index of Wetland Protection and Restoration Project: 1. Water network density index;

Refers to the degree of water abundance in the evaluation area, expressed by the total length of the river per unit area, the water area and the amount of water resources in the evaluation area.

Data source: remote sensing monitoring and data analysis. Calculation method and data source refer to HJ 192. 2. Water quality compliance rate;

In the water quality monitoring sections within the evaluation area, the monitoring times reaching Class Ill water quality accounted for the proportion of the whole year's monitoring times of all sections, and GB3838 was implemented as the evaluation standard. Unit: %.

Source: environmental monitoring. 3. Natural shoreline retention rate;

Refers to the ratio of the natural shoreline length to the total length of rivers, lakes and other wetlands, in%.

Data source: remote sensing monitoring and data analysis.

Iv. Indicators of mine restoration project: 1. Environmental quality improvement;

Refers to the improvement of environmental quality after the treatment of environmental pollution problems such as water pollution and soil pollution in the assessment area.

Source: environmental monitoring. 1.1. soil environmental quality;

A fixed ecological environment monitoring sample plot was set in the assessment area, and the soil environmental quality was monitored under the guidance of GB 15618 and HJ/T 166.

Source: environmental monitoring. 2. Elimination rate of hidden danger of geological disasters;

The amount of hidden danger of geological disasters eliminated during the assessment period accounts for the proportion of hidden danger of geological disasters in the assessment background. Unit: %.

Source: ecological monitoring.

V. Sand prevention and control project index: 1. Desertification prevention and control project effectiveness qualified degree;

Refers to the degree of conformity achieved by different types of sand prevention and control projects as required by the technical specifications for sand prevention and control.

Data source: ecological monitoring. Calculation method and data source refer to GB/T 21141. 2. Vegetation coverage;

Refers to the ratio of the vertical projected area of plants in the assessment area to the area of the area. Unit:%.

Data sources: remote sensing monitoring, ground verification and data analysis. Monitoring methods refer to HJ 1141.

VI. Rocky desertification control project index: 1. Bedrock nudity;

Refers to the proportion of bare bedrock without vegetation cover per unit area. Unit: %.

Data source: ecological monitoring and remote sensing monitoring. Calculation method and data source refer to LY/T 2191.

VII. Engineering indexes of soil erosion control: 1. Refers to the area with good soil and water conservation (non-soil and water loss area) in the area. Unit: %.

Data source: ecological monitoring and remote sensing monitoring.

Management effectiveness indicators: . Project management indicators: 1. Monitoring and evaluation;

It refers to the ecological protection and restoration project area ecological monitoring point settings, the whole process of dynamic monitoring and evaluation of the project and the implementation of the long-term monitoring and evaluation.

Data source: Relevant materials provided by relevant departments on the implementation of monitoring and evaluation work in the implementation of ecological protection and restoration projects, monitoring capacity building, monitoring ledgers, ecological evaluation, etc. 2. Adaptive management;

According to the results of ecological monitoring and evaluation, the effects of ecological protection and restoration engineering measures and technical means are monitored and evaluated according to the ecological protection and restoration objectives, new ecological problems and potential ecological risks in the process of ecological protection and restoration are found in time, and the protection and restoration measures and technologies, the spatial layout and timing arrangement of subprojects that may lead to deviation from the ecological protection and restoration objectives or new damage to the ecosystem are adjusted and corrected in time according to the prescribed procedures.

Data sources: Implementation plans of ecological protection and restoration projects and relevant approval materials, feasibility study reports, monitoring and evaluation materials provided by relevant departments, as well as materials related to problems found and rectification by central and provincial ecological and environmental protection inspectors.

3. engineering management system construction;

Refers to the ecological protection and restoration project implementation of the whole supervision, on-site management, engineering quality, and on the completion of the acceptance system, evaluation system, the above storage verification system, the late management and protection system of the establishment of the implementation and file management.

Data sources: follow-up and inspection materials, completion and acceptance materials, comprehensive effectiveness evaluation materials, database and monitoring and supervision system materials, infrastructure operation and maintenance materials, engineering construction and quality supervision and other management materials, technical achievements materials and relevant investigation materials, drawings and materials provided by relevant departments.

II. Public satisfaction index 1. Public satisfaction;

Refers to the degree of public satisfaction with the implementation of the ecological protection and restoration project. Unit: %.

Data sources: questionnaires, third parties, new media, big data, etc. Calculation method and data source refer to HJ 1143. . Protection and Restoration Index of Important Ecological Land:

Calculation Formula of Protection and Restoration Index of Important Ecological Land;

Rs= == x 100%

Where:

RS-protection and restoration index of important ecological land, unit: %;

S-area of forest, grassland, wetland and other natural ecological systems during the evaluation period, unit: km?;

S'-Background area of natural ecological systems such as forests, grasslands, and wetlands, in km2.

II. Ecological connectivity:

Calculation formula of ecological connectivity index:

LAD AE FEE JE

POs OE en

He

Where, PC-ecological connectivity index, dimensionless;

Aesc-normalization coefficient of ecological connectivity;

J-specific plaque; n-the total number of ecosystem plaques in the assessment area, pieces; athe area of patch i, km?

athe area of patch j, km? prthe maximum value of the final connectivity of all paths between patch | and patch J;

A -area of assessment area, km2.

II. Development disturbance index:

Development of interference index calculation formula: ni 1 St

EDi= S

Where:

EDl-development disturbance index;

S;the land area of Class | for natural transformation or development and construction, km?; n-the number of land types for renovation or development and construction;

S-area of assessment area, km?.

IV. Comprehensive grassland vegetation coverage:

Calculation formula of grassland comprehensive vegetation coverage;

Gm) CeWe ds]

Where:

G-grassland comprehensive vegetation coverage;

Gi-comprehensive vegetation coverage of Class K grassland type in the assessment area;

Wk-area weight of grassland type kin the region, which is the ratio of the area of a grassland type to the area of all natural grasslands in the monitoring, unit: %; k-the serial number of grassland type; n-the total number of grassland types.

V. Natural shoreline tenure:

Calculation formula of natural shoreline retention rate

Saad mans natural shoreline retention rate = Ts x 100%

Where:

So-length of existing natural primary shoreline of rivers and lakes in the evaluation area, km;

Srthe coastline length with natural shoreline morphological characteristics and ecological functions increased after the implementation of protection and restoration project, km;

St-total length of river and lake shoreline in evaluation area, km

VI. Vegetation coverage:

The vegetation cover index is used to evaluate the degree of regional vegetation cover, and expressed by the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of the unit area of the evaluation area, and the calculation formula is as follows:

FET w= OO ’ F¥Cu iim

Where:

Vci-vegetation cover, dimensionless;

FVC,-the average vegetation coverage in the growth season of the | pixel in the evaluation area; i-specific pixel; m-the total number of cells in the evaluation area.

VII. Public satisfaction:

Calculation formula of public satisfaction:

PAT = SA /TAP = 100%

Where,

PA!-public satisfaction, %;

SAr-the number of people who are satisfied with the implementation effect of the ecological protection and restoration project;

Tap-total number of people surveyed, unit: people.

The invention further relates to a method for the restoration and ecological protection of an area, comprising the steps of implementing the method of any of the preceding claims, wherein a score of below a predetermined threshold is observed in the evaluation period, one or more technical interferences are made in the said area resulting in improving the said score later in the evaluation period. Accordingly, the above-described evaluation method provides scores for one or more evaluation indices, wherein below a particular score, human interference is necessary in order to improve the said score. For example, if undesired high level of biological invasion of foreign plants, insects and/or animals is observed, this would result in a score above a pre-determined threshold, signaling the necessity of human technical interference. Such technical interferences are e.g. chosen from: — active or passive removal of foreign biological invasions, including invasion of insects, microbes, plants, rodents and other animals, such as pest control — active or passive landscape management, such as, water management, erosion control biological support management, such as reintroduction of vegetation and fauna endogenous to the area, and stimulation of reproduction thereof.

Ecological protection and restoration project implementation effectiveness evaluation report writing outline: the working background, significance, organizational form, working process and evaluation conclusion of ecological protection and restoration project implementation effect evaluation are described. . Regional Overview

This paper introduces the basic situation of natural economy and society in the assessment area, including: land area, major mountain ranges and river systems, resources, population and economic development, and key areas for ecological protection and restoration.

II. general principles

Including the guiding ideology, objectives, principles, scope, cycle and reference documents of the assessment work.

III. Evaluation data and methods

With reference to the requirements of the present application, the basic data, evaluation methods and specific steps used in the implementation effectiveness evaluation of ecological protection and restoration projects are described.

IV. Evaluation conclusion

With reference to the requirements of the present application, the evaluation conclusion of the effectiveness evaluation of the implementation of the ecological protection and restoration project in the evaluation area is elaborated from the aspects of the ecological system pattern, the quality of the ecological system, the functions of the ecological system, the ecological interference, individual indicators and other ecological benefits, and the management effectiveness of the project performance, project management, public satisfaction and other aspects of the effectiveness of the implementation of the ecological protection and restoration project in the evaluation area.

V. According to the existing problems and evaluation results, put forward opinions and suggestions on the supervision of ecological protection and restoration projects.

VI. Annex 1. Ecological protection and restoration project implementation effectiveness evaluation score; 2. The spatial distribution map of the evaluation area, including the spatial scope of the implementation of the ecological protection and restoration project, and the possible influence areas of the project; 3. Spatial distribution map of ecosystem pattern index, including spatial distribution pattern of ecosystem and spatial distribution of landscape connectivity, etc; 4. Spatial distribution diagram of ecosystem quality indicators, including the distribution of total primary productivity in the growth season, and the evaluation results of habitat quality; 5. Spatial distribution map of ecological system function indicators, including the results of the evaluation of the dominant ecological function, etc;

B. Spatial distribution diagram of ecological interference index, including development interference distribution, etc.; 7. Public satisfaction and other relevant supporting materials.

Remarks: Relevant vector data are required to be submitted for Annexes 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.

In summary, by means of the technical scheme of the application, the ecological protection and restoration project implementation effect evaluation is carried out from two aspects of ecological benefit and management effect by mainly surrounding the problems of ecological environment damage and ecological degradation and focusing on the improvement of the ecological environment quality with the established target of ecological protection and restoration project implementation and ecological protection and restoration supervision as guidance, so that the scientificity and accuracy of evaluation results are ensured, and technical basis is provided for ecological protection and restoration project implementation effect supervision.

In addition, the evaluation index is determined based on the ecological protection restoration supervision demand and the data basis, so that the evaluation index can be obtained, evaluated and operated easily, objectively reflects the ecological environment state and change of the evaluation area, and ensures that the evaluation result is scientific and accurate and accords with the reality; quantitative methods are preferred for analysis and evaluation. When the existing scientific methods or other reasons cannot meet the quantitative requirements and are not suitable for quantification, qualitative methods can be used for description and evaluation, so as to make the evaluation results more scientific and feasible and meet the regulatory requirements for ecological protection and restoration.

The foregoing is only a description of the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the same, and all such modifications, equivalents, and improvements that come within the spirit and principles of the present application are intended to be embraced therein.

Claims

CONCLUSIONS

1. A method for evaluating the implementation effect of a regional ecological protection and restoration project of an area, which method includes the following steps: S1: determining an evaluation period and range according to the time period and regional area of the implementation of the ecological protection and restoration project; S2: establishing an evaluation index system of the implementation effect of the ecological protection and restoration project, and determining an evaluation index value; S3: collecting basic data of an evaluation index value and establishing an evaluation data set; S4: calculating the basic data of an evaluation index value and assigning a score using a corresponding evaluation index calculation method; S5: Generating an evaluation report on the implementation effect of the ecological protection and restoration project.

2. The method for evaluating the implementation effect of a regional ecological protection and restoration project of an area according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation cycle includes a final evaluation and a post-evaluation, the final evaluation is carried out after the project acceptance, the post-evaluation is three years after project acceptance, and the post-evaluation is carried out every five years, and the specific project can be appropriately adjusted according to actual monitoring needs.

3. The method for evaluating the implementation effect of a regional ecological protection and restoration project of an area according to claim 1, wherein - the evaluation index includes an ecological benefit index and a management effect index, wherein the ecological benefit index includes common indexes and individual indexes; — the common indexes of ecological benefit consist of an index of the pattern of the ecological system, an index of the quality of the ecological system, an index of the function of the ecological system and an index of ecological interference — the individual indexes of the ecological benefit include a project index for forest protection and restoration, a project index for grassland protection and restoration, a project index for wetland protection and restoration, a project index for mine restoration, a project index for sand prevention and control, a project index for rock desertification control, a project index for soil and water loss control, a project index for geological disaster management and a project index for comprehensive watershed management — the management impact index includes project performance indicators, project management indicators and public satisfaction indicators.

4. The method of evaluating the implementation effect of a regional ecological protection and restoration project of an area according to claim 1 or 3, wherein - the evaluation index value is the percentage change of the value of the evaluation period of the index to the background value; — where the value of the evaluation period is the index value of the evaluation year, and — the background value is the index value before the implementation of the ecological protection and restoration project, — where the background value of the natural degraded ecological system is the average value of the five years before the implementation of the ecological protection and restoration project, and — the background value of the artificially degraded ecological system is the index value before the implementation of the ecological protection and restoration project after the occurrence of ecological damage, and — the calculation formula is as follows is: 7 7

5. The method for evaluating the implementation effect of a regional ecological protection and restoration project of an area according to claim 1 or 3, wherein in S3, collecting the basic data of the evaluation index value and establishing the evaluation data set, collecting the basic data through data collection, remote sensing analysis, soil survey, spatial calculation, questionnaire survey and statistical analysis, and establishing the background and evaluation period data sets according to the basic data collected.

6. The method of evaluating the implementation effect of a regional ecological protection and restoration project of an area according to claim 3, wherein in S4 the basic data of the evaluation index value is calculated by adopting an appropriate evaluation index calculation method, including the calculation of ecosystem pattern index, ecosystem quality index, ecosystem function index, ecological disturbance index and personality index; — the calculation formula of the ecosystem pattern index is as follows: DAV EP=Y}_| EP where EP stands for the ecosystem pattern index, EPi for the score of the index /in the ecosystem pattern category, / for the sequence number of the index and n for the index quantity; — the calculation formula for the ecosystem quality index is as follows: VR EQI= >, EEG; where EQ/ stands for the ecosystem quality index, EQ/i for the score of item / the ecosystem quality index, and / the serial number of the index; — the calculation formula of the ecosystem function index is as follows: n EFI => EFI I= in the equation EF! represents the ecosystem function index, EF! for the score of the index item / of the ecosystem function class, / for the index sequence number, and 1 for the index quantity; — the calculation formula for the ecological disturbance index is as follows: KN DF Si DI; where Df is the ecological disturbance index, D/j is the score of the first index of the ecological disturbance category, and i is the index sequence number; — the calculation formula for the personality index is as follows: — n PF >. Pl — where PI is the personality index of a particular engineer type, P/i is the index score of item / of a particular engineer type, / is the index sequence number, and n is the index quantity.

7. The method of evaluating the implementation effect of a regional ecological protection and restoration project of an area according to claim 6, where — the calculation formula of the management effectiveness index is as follows: "PMT. PMI = 2 PM in the equation, PM! stands for the management effectiveness index, PMI/y for the score of point / index of management effectiveness class, | for the index sequence number, and 1 for the index quantity.

8. The method of evaluating the implementation effect of a regional ecological protection and restoration project of an area according to claim 6 or 7, wherein in S4 calculating the basic data of the evaluation index value by adopting a corresponding evaluation index calculation method further includes the calculation of a comprehensive index of the implementation effect of ecological protection and restoration project, where the calculation formula of the comprehensive index of the implementation effect of ecological protection and restoration project is as follows EPRI=EP + EQ! + EFI + DI + Pl + PMI where EPR! stands for the comprehensive index of the implementation effect of an ecological protection and restoration project, EP for the index of ecosystem pattern, EQ! for the ecosystem quality index, EF! for the index of ecosystem function, DJ for the index of ecological disturbance, P! for the individual index of a given project type, and PM/ for the index of the management effect.

9. The method of evaluating the implementation effect of a regional ecological protection and restoration project of an area according to claim 8, wherein - the calculation of the evaluation index adopts a percentile system, - the common ecological benefit index and the management effect index have full scores of 80 points, — the individual environmental benefit index has full scores of 20 points and the EPRI has full scores of 100 points, — the EPRI is given a weight corresponding to the level of importance of the common environmental benefits index, — the management effect index and the individual ecological benefit index, and is divided into four categories based on the scores: unqualified, general, better and excellent; — the weights of the common ecological benefit index, the management effect index and the individual ecological benefit index are trained by a five-layer fully connected neural network and are obtained by rounding variable differences one by one, — the node information of each layer of the neural network is as follows: — number of input layer nodes: 3, corresponding to 3 evaluation indexes; — number of nodes in the middle layer: 15, 20, 10 and 3; — number of nodes in the output layer: 1; — activation function: ReLU, relay linear activation function, y = max(0,x) — x represents the input of the relay activation function, and y is the output of the relay linear activation function;

v= Lies +) — pretraining method: RBM, restricted Boltzmann machine, * Z , where x is the input of the neuron, w is the weight vector, b is the input bias, c is the output bias, z is the normalization factor, and y is the output of the neuron ; training data: a comprehensive overview of the results of the implementation of historic ecological protection and restoration projects.

10. The method of evaluating the implementation effect of a regional ecological protection and restoration project of an area according to claim 6, wherein the area evaluation report generated in S5 on the implementation effectiveness of the ecological protection and restoration project is preparing the working background, objectives and tasks, evaluation methods and processes, evaluation conclusions and recommendations for the application of results of the ecological protection and restoration project.

A method for the restoration and ecological protection of an area, comprising the steps of carrying out the method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein a score below a predetermined threshold is observed in the evaluation period, one or more technical interventions are made in the mentioned area that result in improving the mentioned score later in the evaluation period.

The method according to claim 11, wherein the technical interventions are selected from: - active or passive removal of foreign biological invasions, including invasions of insects, microbes, plants, rodents and other animals, such as pest control - active or passive landscape management, such as water management, erosion control — biological support management, such as the reintroduction of vegetation and fauna endogenous to the area, and the stimulation of their propagation.