NL2031154B1 - Modified straw biochar and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Modified straw biochar and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
NL2031154B1
NL2031154B1 NL2031154A NL2031154A NL2031154B1 NL 2031154 B1 NL2031154 B1 NL 2031154B1 NL 2031154 A NL2031154 A NL 2031154A NL 2031154 A NL2031154 A NL 2031154A NL 2031154 B1 NL2031154 B1 NL 2031154B1
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biochar
straw
calcination
modified
present disclosure
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NL2031154A
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Dutch (nl)
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Wang Yanyu
Wu Wenbo
Chen Lina
Guo Guomian
Zhang Wenshuo
Shao Xiaohou
Wang Haiming
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Univ Hohai
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/04—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
    • B01J20/041—Oxides or hydroxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28026—Particles within, immobilised, dispersed, entrapped in or on a matrix, e.g. a resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/3078—Thermal treatment, e.g. calcining or pyrolizing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/105—Phosphorus compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of biochar, and particularly to modified straw biochar and a preparation method and an application thereof. The present disclosure provides a method, for preparing modified straw biochar, comprising the following steps: performing pre—carbonization and calcination on straw particles to obtain pre—carbonized straw particles; mixing the pre—carbonized straw particles with a ngnesium source, and performing the first calcination to obtain primary modified biochar; mixing the primary modified biochar and KMnO4, and performing the second calcination. to obtain. the modified, straw biochar. The test results of the examples show that the modified straw biochar provided, by the present disclosure has excellent effect of adsorption. and, removal of pollutions of heavy Inetals such as lead and cadmium.

Description

P1185/NLpd
MODIFIED STRAW BIOCHAR AND PREPARATION METHOD AND APPLICATION
THEREOF
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present disclosure relates to the technical field of bio- char, and particularly to modified straw biochar and a preparation method and an application thereof.
BACKGROUND ART
Common heavy metal elements mainly include lead, mercury, cadmium and chromium in the water environment. Heavy metal pollu- tion will seriously endanger human health and the natural environ- ment. At present, the treatment methods for heavy metals in water mainly include flocculation precipitation method, ion exchange method, physical-chemical method, biological method and adsorption method. In the adsorption method, the biochar regenerated from ag- ricultural waste has a significant heavy metal ion adsorption ef- fect, especially after modification, the biochar adsorption effect is better, which can play the effect of treating the wastes with wastes.
Biochar is a carbon material obtained by pyrolysis of biomass under oxygen-limited or oxygen-free conditions. It has high chemi- cal stability, and its surface is porous and rich in a variety of oxygen-containing functional groups, and has a strong adsorption affinity for heavy metals. The modified biochar can have more functional groups involved in the adsorption of heavy metals; how- ever, the existing modification effect of biochar is limited, there are few types and contents of adsorption functional groups, and the adsorption effect of heavy metal pollution is not good.
SUMMARY
In view of this, the object of the present disclosure is to provide a modified straw biochar and a preparation method thereof.
The modified straw biochar provided by the present disclosure has excellent adsorption effect on pollution such as heavy metals.
In order to achieve the above object, the present disclosure adopts the following technical solutions:
The present disclosure provides a method for preparing modi- fied straw biochar, comprising the following steps: performing pre-carbonization and calcination on straw parti- cles to obtain pre-carbonized straw particles; mixing the pre-carbonized straw particles with a magnesium source, and performing the first calcination to obtain primary modified biochar; mixing the primary modified biochar and KMnO,, and performing the second calcination to obtain the modified straw biochar.
Preferably, the mesh number of the straw particles is 40-60 meshes.
Preferably, the temperature of the pre-carbonization and cal- cination is 300-400°C, and the time is 1-2 h.
Preferably, the mass ratic of the pre-carbonized straw parti- cles to the magnesium source is (5-10) :1.
Preferably, the temperature of the first calcination is 300- 400°C, and the time is 1-2 h.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the primary modified biochar to
KMnO4 is (4-10) :1.
Preferably, the temperature of the second calcination is 400- 450°C, and the time is 1-1.5 h.
Preferably, the pre-carbonization and calcination, the first calcination and the second calcination are carried out in a nitro- gen atmosphere.
The present disclosure also provides modified straw biochar prepared by the method described in the above technical solutions.
The present disclosure also provides an application of the modified straw biochar described in the above technical solutions as an adsorption material in the adsorption and removal of heavy metals, nitrogen or phosphorus pollutions.
The present disclosure provides a method for preparing modi- fied straw biochar, which comprises the following steps: perform- ing pre-carbonization and calcination on straw particles to obtain pre-carbonized straw particles; mixing the pre-carbonized straw particles with a magnesium source, and performing first calcina-
tion, to obtain primary modified biochar; mixing the primary modi- fied biochar and KMnO,, and performing the second calcination to obtain the modified straw biochar. In the present disclosure, pre- carbonization and calcination will produce abundant active oxygen- containing functional groups (-OH and C=0) and larger specific surface area on the surface of straw particles; the magnesium source forms Mg (OH) , under the first calcination and is loaded on the surface of pre-carbonized particles, which can promote the in- teraction between modified straw biochar and heavy metals, promote the complexation reaction of heavy metals (such as lead and cadmi- um) with modified straw biochar, and improve the adsorption of heavy metals by modified straw biochar through the formation of complexes, cation-n bonds, electrostatic attraction and ion ex- change. KMnC, has strong oxidizing properties, which can increase the content of oxygen-containing functional groups (-0H and C=0) on the surface of biochar, and react with the reductive organic functional groups on the surface of biochar to generate MnO, to be loaded on the surface of biochar, and can improve the adsorption of heavy metals by modified straw biochar by forming complexes with heavy metals, electrostatic attraction and ion exchange; in addition, magnesium source and KMnO, can also improve the porosity of biochar, increase the specific surface area of modified straw biochar, and improve the adsorption effect of modified straw bio- char on heavy metals and pollutants such as nitrogen and phospho- rus, etc.
The test results of the examples show that the modified straw biochar provided by the present disclosure has excellent effect on adsorption and removal of pollutions of heavy metals such as lead and cadmium, etc.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a SEM image of the modified straw biochar prepared in Example 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
The present disclosure provides a method for preparing modi- fied straw biochar, comprising the following steps:
performing pre-carbonization and calcination on straw parti- cles to obtain pre-carbonized straw particles; mixing the pre-carbonized straw particles with a magnesium source, and performing the first calcination to obtain primary modified biochar; mixing the primary modified biochar and KMnO;, and performing the second calcination to obtain the modified straw biochar.
In the present disclosure, unless otherwise specified, the components are all commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art.
In the present disclosure, straw particles are subjected to pre-carbonization and calcinations, to obtain pre-carbonized straw particles.
In the present disclosure, the straw particles are preferably rice straw particles and/or wheat straw particles.
In the present disclosure, the mesh number of the straw par- ticles is preferably 40-60 meshes, more preferably 40-55 meshes.
In the present disclosure, before the pre-carbonization and calcination, preferably cleaning and drying on the straw particles are carried out. The cleaning is not particularly limited in the present disclosure, as long as the impurity and dust on the straw particles can be removed. In the present disclosure, the drying temperature is preferably 60-80°C, more preferably 65-80°C.
In the present disclosure, the temperature of the pre- carbonization and calcination is preferably 300-400°C, more pref- erably 310-400°C; the time is preferably 1-2 h, more preferably 1- 1.8 h.
In the present disclosure, the temperature of the pre- carbonization and calcination is preferably obtained by heating; and the rate of heating is preferably 5-10°C/min, more preferably 6-10°C/min.
In the present disclosure, the pre-carbonization and calcina- tion are preferably carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere.
In the present disclosure, after obtaining the pre-carbonized straw particles, the pre-carbonized straw particles are mixed with a magnesium source, and the first calcination is performed, to ob- tain primary modified biochar.
In the present disclosure, the mass ratio of the pre- carbonized straw particles to the magnesium source is (5-10):1, more preferably (6-9):1.
In the present disclosure, the magnesium source preferably 5 includes magnesium chloride, magnesium acetate or magnesium ni- trate. In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the magnesium chloride is preferably magnesium chloride hexahydrate; the magne- sium acetate is preferably magnesium acetate tetrahydrate.
In the present disclosure, the mixing of the pre-carbonized straw particles with the magnesium source preferably comprises the following steps: mixing the pre-carbonized straw particles with the magnesium source solution, drying, to obtain a mixture of the pre-carbonized straw particles and the magnesium source.
In the present disclosure, the mode of mixing the pre- carbonized straw particles with the magnesium source solution is preferably ultrasonic mixing. In the present disclosure, the time of ultrasonic mixing is preferably 1-2 h, more preferably 1.2-2 h; the frequency of the ultrasonic mixing is not particularly limited in the present disclosure, and the frequency of the ultrasonic mixing well known to those skilled in the art can be used. In the present disclosure, the drying temperature is preferably 60-80°C, more preferably 60-75°C.
In the present disclosure, the temperature of the first cal- cination is preferably 300-400°C, more preferably 300-390°C; the time is preferably 1-2 h, more preferably 1-1.5 h.
In the present disclosure, the temperature of the first cal- cination is preferably obtained by heating; the heating rate is preferably 5-10°C/min, more preferably 6-10°C/min.
In the present disclosure, the first calcination is prefera- bly carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere.
After the first calcinations, the present disclosure prefera- bly further comprises washing and drying the obtained first cal- cined product; the washing is preferably performed with deionized water; the drying temperature is preferably 60-80° C, more prefer- ably 65-80° C.
After obtaining the primary modified biochar, the primary modified biochar is mixed with KMnO,, and the second calcination is performed to obtain the modified straw biochar.
In the present disclosure, the mass ratio of the primary mod- ified biochar to KMnO; is preferably (4-10):1, more preferably (5- 10):1.
In the present disclosure, the mixing of the primary modified biochar with KMnO; preferably comprises the following steps: mixing the primary modified biochar with KMnO, solution, dry- ing, to obtain a mixture of primary modified biochar and KMnO,,
In the present disclosure, the mode of mixing the primary modified biochar with KMnO; solution is preferably ultrasonic mix- ing. In the present disclosure, the time of ultrasonic mixing is preferably 1-2 h, more preferably 1.2-2 h; the frequency of the ultrasonic mixing is preferably 20-40 kHz, more preferably 25-35 kHz. In the present disclosure, the drying temperature is prefera- bly 60-80°C, more preferably 65-80°C.
In the present disclosure, the temperature of the second cal- cination is preferably 400-450°C, more preferably 400-440°C; the time is preferably 1-1.5 h, more preferably 1-1.4 h.
In the present disclosure, the temperature of the second cal- cination is preferably obtained by heating; the heating rate is preferably 5-10°C/min, more preferably 6-10°C/min.
In the present disclosure, the second calcination is prefera- bly carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere.
After the second calcinations, the present disclosure prefer- ably further comprises washing and drying the obtained second cal- cined product; the washing is preferably performed with deionized water; the drying temperature is preferably 60-80° C, more prefer- ably 60-75° C.
The present disclosure further provides modified straw bio- char prepared by the method described in the above technical solu- tions.
The present disclosure further provides an application of the modified straw biochar described in the above technical solutions as an adsorption material in the adsorption and removal of heavy metals, nitrogen or phosphorus pollutions.
The application is not particularly limited in the present disclosure, and the applications of adsorption and removal of heavy metal, nitrogen or phosphorus pollutions well known to those skilled in the art can be used.
In order to further illustrate the present disclosure, a ti- tanium alloy for daily necessities provided by the present disclo- sure and preparation method and application thereof are described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present disclosure. Obviously, embodiments described herein are only a part of embodiments of the present disclosure, and are not all of embodiments thereof. All other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present disclosure without creative efforts shall fall within the protec- tion scope of the present disclosure.
Example 1
Rice straw was pulverized, sieved through a 40-mesh sieve, washed with deionized water, and dried at 80°C to obtain rice straw particles;
The rice straw particles were heated to 400 °C at a heating rate of 10°C/min under nitrogen conditions, holding for 1 h, and then pre-carbonization and calcination are performed to obtain pre-carbonized straw particles;
The pre-carbonized straw particles were ultrasonically mixed with magnesium chloride hexahydrate solution for 2 h at a mass ra- tio of the pre-carbonized straw particles to the magnesium chlo- ride hexahydrate of 9:1, after drying at 60 °C, the mixture was heated to 300 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C/min under nitrogen conditions, holding for 1 h, then the first calcination was car- ried out, and the obtained first calcined product was washed with deionized water until the deionized water was colorless, and dried at 80 °C to obtain primary modified biochar;
The primary modified biochar was ultrasonically mixed with
KMnOs solution at 25 kHz for 2 h at a mass ratio of the primary modified biochar to KMnO, of 10:1, after drying at 80 °C, the mix- ture was heated to 400 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C/min under ni- trogen conditions, holding for 1 h, then the second calcination was carried out, and the obtained second calcined product was washed with deionized water until the deionized water was color- less, and dried at 80 °C to obtain the modified straw biochar.
Scanning electron microscopy was performed on the modified straw biochar obtained in Example 1, and the SEM image obtained was shown in FIG.1. As shown in FIG.1, the modified straw biochar had abundant pores and abundant surface voids, and was loaded with magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide and manganese oxides.
Test: 20 mL of 1,000 ppm lead standard solution was diluted to 100 ppm, pH value was 1, then the pH value was adjusted to 5 with 1 mol/L of sodium hydroxide solution and 0.2 mol/L of nitric acid solution; 30 mL of diluted lead standard solution was added to a centrifuge tube, and 0.1 g of modified straw biochar prepared by
Example 1 was added to the centrifuge tube, then shaken in a shak- er at 120 r/min and 25 °C for 6 h for adsorption; then taken out and centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10 min; and then the supernatant was taken and filtered though a 0.22 um filter, and the concentra- tion of lead in the supernatant was measured. The result showed that the lead concentration in the supernatant obtained after ad- sorption was 0.21 ppm, and the lead removal rate was 99.76%.
Example 2
The temperature of the first calcination was 350°C, and the other technical means were the same as those in Example 1, to ob- tain the modified straw biochar.
Test: 20 mL of 1,000 ppm lead standard solution was replaced with 20 mL of 1,000 ppm cadmium standard solution, and the rest of the operating procedures were the same as those in the test method of
Example 1. After measurement, the cadmium concentration in the su- pernatant obtained after adsorption was 61.9 ppm, and the cadmium removal rate was 35.65%.
Example 3
Magnesium chloride hexahydrate was replaced with magnesium acetate tetrahydrate, and the other technical means were the same as those in Example 1, to obtain the modified straw biochar.
A test was conducted according to the method in Example 1, after measurement, the lead concentration in the supernatant ob-
tained after adsorption was 0.54 ppm, and the cadmium removal rate was 99.38%.
Comparative Example 1
Primary modified biochar obtained in Example 1 was used.
A test was conducted according to the method in Example 1, after measurement, the lead concentration in the supernatant ob- tained after adsorption was 12.5 ppm, and the lead removal rate was 85.96%.
A test was conducted according to the method in Example 2, after measurement, the cadmium concentration in the supernatant obtained after adsorption was 79.5 ppm, and the cadmium removal rate was 13.68%.
Comparative Example 2
Rice straw was pulverized, sieved through a 40-mesh sieve, washed with deionized water, and dried at 80°C to obtain rice straw particles;
The rice straw particles were heated to 400 °C at a heating rate of 10°C/min under nitrogen conditions, holding for 1 h, and then pre-carbonization and calcination are performed to obtain pre-carbonized straw particles;
The primary modified biochar was ultrasonically mixed with
KMnO, solution at 25 kHz for 2 h at a mass ratio of the pre- carbonized straw particles to KMnC,; of 10:1, after drying at 80 °c, the mixture was heated to 400 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C/min under nitrogen conditions, holding for 1 h, then calcination was carried out, and the obtained second calcined product was washed with deionized water until the deionized water was colorless, and dried at 80 °C to obtain the modified straw biochar.
A test was conducted according to the method in Example 1, after measurement, the lead concentration in the supernatant ob- tained after adsorption was 0.74 ppm, and the lead removal rate was 99.17%.
A test was conducted according to the method in Example 2, after measurement, the cadmium concentration in the supernatant obtained after adsorption was 60.7 ppm, and the cadmium removal rate was 34.09%.
Comparative Example 3
Magnesium chloride hexahydrate was replaced with magnesium acetate tetrahydrate, and the other technical means were the same as those in Comparative Example 1, to obtain the modified straw biochar.
A test was conducted according to the method in Example 1, after measurement, the lead concentration in the supernatant ob- tained after adsorption was 25.4 ppm, and the cadmium removal rate was 70.97%.
A test was conducted according to the method in Example 2, after measurement, the cadmium concentration in the supernatant obtained after adsorption was 84.9 ppm, and the cadmium removal rate was 7.48%.
The foregoing description merely describes the preferred em- bodiments of the present disclosure. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, several improvements and modi- fications can be made without departing from the principle of the present disclosure, and these improvements and modifications shall also fall within the scope of protection of the present disclo- sure.

Claims (10)

CONCLUSIESCONCLUSIONS 1. Werkwijze voor het bereiden van gemodificeerde stro-biochar, die de volgende stappen omvat: het uitvoeren van voorcarbonisatie en calcinering op strodeeltjes om voorgecarboniseerde strodeeltjes te verkrijgen; het mengen van de voorgecarboniseerde strodeeltjes met een magne- siumbron, en het uitvoeren van de eerste calcinering om primair gemodificeerde biochar te verkrijgen; het mengen van de primair gemodificeerde biochar en KMn04, en het uitvoeren van de tweede calcinering om de gemodificeerde stro- biochar te verkrijgen.A method for preparing modified straw biochar, which includes the following steps: performing precarbonization and calcination on straw particles to obtain precarbonized straw particles; mixing the pre-carbonized straw particles with a magnesium source, and performing the first calcination to obtain primary modified biochar; mixing the primary modified biochar and KMnO4, and performing the second calcination to obtain the modified straw biochar. 2. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 1, waarbij het maasgetal van de strodeeltjes 40 tot 60 mesh is.A method according to claim 1, wherein the mesh number of the straw particles is 40 to 60 mesh. 3. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 1, waarbij de temperatuur van de voorcarbonisatie en calcinering 300 tot 400 °C is en de tijd 1 tot 2 uur is.The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the precarbonization and calcination is 300 to 400°C and the time is 1 to 2 hours. 4. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 1, waarbij de massaverhouding van de voorgecarboniseerde strodeeltjes tot de magnesiumbron (5 tot 10):1 is.The method of claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the precarbonized straw particles to the magnesium source is (5 to 10):1. 5. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 1 of 4, waarbij de temperatuur van de eerste calcinering 300 tot 400 °C is en de tijd 1 tot 2 uur is.A method according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the temperature of the first calcination is 300 to 400 °C and the time is 1 to 2 hours. 6. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 1, waarbij de massaverhouding van het primair gemodificeerde biochar tot KMn04 (4 tot 10):1 is.The method of claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the primary modified biochar to KMnO 4 is (4 to 10):1. 7. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 1 of 6, waarbij de temperatuur van de tweede calcinering 400 tot 450 °C is en de tijd 1 tot 1,5 uur is.A method according to claim 1 or 6, wherein the temperature of the second calcination is 400 to 450 °C and the time is 1 to 1.5 hours. 8. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 1, waarbij de voorcarbonisatie en calcinering, de eerste calcinering en de tweede calcinering worden uitgevoerd in een stikstofatmosfeer.The method according to claim 1, wherein the precarbonization and calcination, the first calcination and the second calcination are carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere. 9. Gemodificeerd stro-biochar bereid met de werkwijze volgens een van de conclusies 1 tot 8.9. Modified straw biochar prepared by the method according to any of claims 1 to 8. 10. Toepassing van het gemodificeerde stro-biochar volgens conclu- sie 9 als adsorptiemateriaal bij de adsorptie en verwijdering van zware metalen, stikstof of fosfor verontreinigingen.10. Application of the modified straw biochar according to claim 9 as an adsorption material in the adsorption and removal of heavy metals, nitrogen or phosphorus contaminants.
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ROSALES EMILIO ET AL: "Challenges and recent advances in biochar as low-cost biosorbent: From batch assays to continuous-flow systems", BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 246, 19 June 2017 (2017-06-19), pages 176 - 192, XP085266467, ISSN: 0960-8524, DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2017.06.084 *

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