NL2029602B1 - Method and pile removal tool for removing a pile from a soil - Google Patents

Method and pile removal tool for removing a pile from a soil Download PDF

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Publication number
NL2029602B1
NL2029602B1 NL2029602A NL2029602A NL2029602B1 NL 2029602 B1 NL2029602 B1 NL 2029602B1 NL 2029602 A NL2029602 A NL 2029602A NL 2029602 A NL2029602 A NL 2029602A NL 2029602 B1 NL2029602 B1 NL 2029602B1
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NL
Netherlands
Prior art keywords
pile
clamping
diameter
height
pinch
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NL2029602A
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Dutch (nl)
Inventor
Dirk Van Den Dool Arie
Original Assignee
Iv Consult B V
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Publication date
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Priority to NL2029602A priority Critical patent/NL2029602B1/en
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Publication of NL2029602B1 publication Critical patent/NL2029602B1/en

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D9/00—Removing sheet piles bulkheads, piles, mould-pipes or other moulds or parts thereof
    • E02D9/02—Removing sheet piles bulkheads, piles, mould-pipes or other moulds or parts thereof by withdrawing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/52—Submerged foundations, i.e. submerged in open water
    • E02D27/525—Submerged foundations, i.e. submerged in open water using elements penetrating the underwater ground

Abstract

A method and pile removal tool for removing a pile from a soil, wherein a lower part of said pile is embedded in the seabed and the remaining upper part of said pile extends above the seabed, wherein said method comprises the steps of: engaging the outer surface of the upper part of said pile at a first height at two opposite ends of a first diameter having a first direction and pinching said pile inwardly in said first direction such that the pile permanently deforms to form dents in the pile at both ends of said diameter; engaging the outer surface of the upper part of said pile at a second height at two opposite ends of a second diameter having a second direction and pinching said pile inwardly in said second direction such that the pile permanently deforms to form dents in the pile at both ends of said diameter, wherin said second direction is approximately perpendicular to said first direction; and engaging the outer surface in said dents of the upper part of said pile at either the first height or the second height and lifting said pile upwardly in order to remove the pile from the soil.

Description

METHOD AND PILE REMOVAL TOOL FOR REMOVING A PILE FROM A SOIL
The present invention relates to a method for removing a pile from a soil, wherein a lower part of said pile is embedded in the soil and the remaining upper part of said pile extends above the soil.
Monopiles are commonly used as foundations for offshore wind turbines at sites with shallow to intermediate water depths (up to 40m water depth). The installation of a monopile may be achieved by using a bottom supported platform (e.g. a jack-up vessel) which holds the monopile vertically while driving it into the seabed.
When the monopile has Lo be removed, this is usually done by burning through the piles at a prescribed depth below the seabed.
Thereafter the upper part is removed and the lower part remains in the seabed. In order to remove the pile e.g. an ILT (internal lifting tool) can be used, or steel pins that are inserted through the pile wall after holes have been burned. Besides the disadvantage that a substantial part of the tubular pile remains in the seabed, this method is also labour-intensive.
The goal of the invention is to provide a method and/or a tool to remove a monopile easily and reliably from the seabed.
To this end, a method according to the preamble is characterized in that said method comprises the steps of: engaging respective opposite sides of the outer surface of the upper part of said pile, by respective pinch surfaces of a first pinch member and a second pinch member of a pile removal tool, at a first height at two opposite ends of a first diameter having a first direction and pinching said pile inwardly by moving said pinch surfaces towards each other in said first direction such that the pile permanently deforms to form dents in the pile at both ends of said diameter; engaging respective opposite sides of the outer surface of the upper part of said pile, by respective pinch surfaces of a first pinch member and a second pinch member of a pile removal tool, at a second height at two opposite ends of a second diameter having a second direction and pinching said pile inwardly by moving said pinch surfaces towards each other in said second direction such that the pile permanently deforms to form dents in the pile at both ends of said diameter, wherin said second direction is approximately perpendicular to said first direction; and engaging the outer surface in said dents of the upper part of said pile, by respective pinch surfaces of a first pinch member and a second pinch member of a pile removal tool, at either the first height or the second height and lifting said pile upwardly in order to remove the pile from the soil.
The dents which are formed in the monopile wall provide a reinforced deformed engaging surface which allows a high vertically upward force to be applied to the monopile by the pinch members for upwards removal of the entire monopile from the seabed. Preferably, for lifting said pile upwardly, the outer surface in said dents of the upper part of said pile at the second height are engaged by the respective pinch surfaces of the pile removal tool continuously or immediately after said dents being made.
According to a preferred embodiment, the pile is a monopile of an offshore wind turbine.
According to a preferred embodiment, the upper part of said pile, at least near the first height and the second height, is a hollow tube.
According to a preferred embodiment, the upper part of said pile, at least near the first height and the second height, is made of a metal, such as steel, for instance S355 steel.
According to a preferred embodiment, the difference between said first height and said second height is 0.2 — 2 times the diameter of the pile, preferably 0.5 - 1.5 times the diameter of the pile, more preferably approximately equal to the diameter of the pile.
According to a preferred embodiment, the depth of the dents is 0.05 - 0.5 times the diameter of the pile, preferably 0.1 - 0.35, more prefeably approximately 0.25 times the diameter of the pile.
According to a preferred embodiment, the soil is comprised of sand or clay.
According to a preferred embodiment, each of said engaging and pinching actions are carried out by means of a pile removal tool.
According to a preferred embodiment, said pile removal tool comprises a first pinch member and a second pinch member, each having a pinch surface arranged to engage opposite sides of the outer surface of said pile, wherein said pinch members are mutually connected by connector members and wherein said pinch members are movable relative to said connector members such that said pinch surfaces move towards each other in order Lo engage and deform said pile.
According to a preferred embodiment, said pinch members are each rotatable around a horizontal axis, and each of said pinch surfaces is formed on said pinch member as a non-concentrically curved surface extending around said axis, which surface is curved in such a manner that once the two pinch surfaces engage a pile between them and the pinch members are moved upwardly, the pinch members are rotated whereby the distance between the pinch surfaces decreases.
The pinch members may initially be rotated by the vertical pulling force and then when the pinch surface and the pile surface engage create the initial friction between the pinch surface and the pile surface, such that the surfaces don't slip and the pinch members are forced to rotate.
According to a preferred embodiment, said pile removal tool is provided with wire connection means, which are connected to wires which are pulled in upward direction by an actuator which is for instance located on a body floating on the sea, such as a ship.
According to a preferred embodiment, said wire connection means are provided on said pile member opposite said pinch surface on the other side of and at a distance from the pinch member axis.
Thereby, when the wires are pulled in upward direction, an additional rotational force is applied to the pinch members.
Finally, the present invention relates to a pile removal tool for use in the above method, comprising a first pinch member and a second pinch member, each having a pinch surface arranged to engage opposite sides of the outer surface of a pile, wherein said pinch members are mutually connected by connector members and wherein said pinch members are movable relative to said connector members such that said pinch surfaces move towards each other in order to engage and deform said pile.
According to a preferred embodiment, said pinch members are each rotatable around a horizontal axis, and each of said pinch surfaces is formed on said pinch member as a non-concentrically curved surface extending around said axis, which surface is curved in such a manner that once the two pinch surfaces engage a pile between them and the pinch members are moved upwardly, the pinch members are rotated whereby the distance between the pinch surfaces decreases.
The pinch members may initially be rotated by the vertical pulling force and then when the pinch surface and the pile surface engage create the initial friction between the pinch surface and the pile surface, such that the surfaces don't slip and the pinch members are forced to rotate.
According to a preferred embodiment, said pile removal tool is provided with wire connection means, wherein said wire connection means are provided on said pinch member opposite said pinch surface on the other side of and at a distance from the pinch member axis.
The present invention will now be illustrated with reference to the drawing where
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an offshore wind turbine with a monopile in a seabed;
Fig. 2 1s a perspective view of a pile removal tool engaging the monopile of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the pile removal tool making first dents in the monopile; and
Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the pile removal tool making second dents in the monopile.
According to Fig. 1 an offshore wind turbine system comprises a tubular monopile 101 which is piled into a seabed 102 in a sea 103. A transition piece 104 in the form of a sleeve is mounted over the top of the monopile 101, and a wind turbine comprising a tower 105 with a nacelle 106 and a rotor 107 with blades 108 is mounted on top of the transition piece 104 by means of a flange 109.
According to Fig. 2 a pile removal tool 201 comprises a first connector member 202 and a second connector member 202, each in the form of a profiled strip shaped beam which is made of a material having sufficient strength to withstand the high stress of the pich action as described below. The first connector member 202 and the second connector member 202 extend parallel to each other at a mutual 5 distance which is larger than the diameter of the monopile 101, and are mutually connected by means of a first shaft 203 having a first horizontal axis 205 and a second shaft 203 having a second horizontal axis 205. Also the first shaft 203 and the second shaft 203 extend parallel to each other at a mutual distance which is larger than the diameter of the monopile 101. The first connector member 202, the second connector member 202, the first shaft 203 and the second shaft 203 thereby form a generally square frame which fits around the circumference of the monopile 101.
A first pinch member 204 is mounted on, or integrally formed with, the first shaft 203 and a second pinch member 204 is mounted on, or integrally formed with, the second shaft 203. Each pinch member 204 is rotatable around its respective horizontal axis 205. Each pinch member 204 comprises a pinch surface 206 which is formed on said pinch member 204 as a non-concentrically curved surface extending around said axis 205. The pinch surface 206 is curved in such a manner that the distance from the pinch surface 206 to the respective axis 205 gradually increases in a tangential direction from a shortest distance at a first outer end 221 to a largest distance at a second outer end 222.
Each pinch member 204 is provided with wire connection means 207 in the form of two protrusions 208, each provided with an eye hole 209 to which a bow shackle 210 can be attached. The protrusions 208 extend opposite the first outer ends 221 of the pinch surface 206 having the shortest distance to the axis 205. A pile engaging and lifting contact surface 211 is formed on the pinch member 204, which extends near the flat plane between the wire connection means 207 and the second outer end 222 of the pinch surface 206, which 1s arranged to engage a dent, once said dent is formed in the monopile, in order to 1ift the monopile, as shown in Fig. 4. The pile removal tool may be provided with further wire connection means, for instance on the outer ends of the shafts 203 or on the connector members 202, which may be connected to hoist wires which carry the weight of the pile removal tool and are used to lower and raise the tool, while the wires which are connected to the wire connection means 207 are used to pull and rotate the pinch members 204.
Once the pinch surfaces 206 engage the monopile 101 between them and the pile removal tool 201 is moved upwardly by means of cables attached to the bow shackles 210, the pinch members 204 are rotated by said vertical pulling force, and initial sliding is prevented by friction between the pinch surface 206 and the surface of the monopile 101, whereby the distance between the pinch surfaces 206 decrease.
As shown in Fig. 3 two first dents 301 are made in the monopile 101 by the pile removal tool 201. To this end the pile removal tool 201 is lowered around the monopile 101 as shown in Fig. 2, and once it is at the required location the pile removal tool 201 is raised such that the pinch surfaces 206 engage and clamp the surface of the monopile 101 between them by rotation of the pinch members 204. By further pulling and raising the pile removal tool 201 in upward direction the pinch members 204 will rotate further, thereby pinching the monopile between them, as shown in Fig. 3.
As shown in Fig. 4 two second dents 401 are made in the monopile 101 by the pile removal tool 201. To this end the pile removal tool 201 is lowered around the monopile 101 from the position as shown in
Fig. 3, and once it is at the required location the pile removal tool 201 is rotated by 90 degrees around the vertical axis of the monopile and raised again such that the pinch surfaces 206 engage and clamp the surface of the monopile 101 between them by rotation of the pinch members 204. By further pulling and raising the pile removal tool 201 in upward direction the pinch members 204 will rotate further, thereby pinching the monopile between them, as shown in Fig. 4. Once the wire connection means 207 and/or the lifting contact surfaces 211 of the pinch members 204 engage the sloping upper outer surface of the second dents 401 in the monopile 101, further rotation of the pinch members 204 is thereby blocked, and further pulling the pile removal tool 201 in the upward direction will result in the removal of the monopile 101 from the seabed 102.
The invention has thus been described by means of preferred embodiments. It is to be understood, however, that this disclosure is merely illustrative. Various details of the structure and function were presented, but changes made therein, to the full extent extended by the general meaning of the terms in which the appended claims are expressed, are understood to be within the principle of the present invention.
The description and drawings shall be used to interpret the claims.
The claims should not be interpreted as meaning that the extent of the protection sought is to be understood as that defined by the strict, literal meaning of the wording used in the claims, the description and drawings being employed only for the purpose of resolving an ambiguity found in the claims.
For the purpose of determining the extent of protection sought by the claims, due account shall be taken of any element which is equivalent to an element specified therein.
An element is to be considered equivalent to an element specified in the claims at least if said element performs substantially the same function in substantially the same way to yield substantially the same result as the element specified in the claims.

Claims (15)

Conclusies l. Werkwijze voor het verwijderen van een paal vanaf een bodem, waarbij een onderste deel van de paal ingebed is in de bodem en het overblijvende bovenste deel van de paal zich boven de bodem uitstrekt, waarbij de werkwijze de volgende stappen omvat: het, middels respectievelijke klemoppervlakken van een eerste klemelement en een tweede klemelement van een paalverwijderingsmiddel, aangrijpen van respectievelijke tegenoverliggende zijdes van het buitenoppervlak van het bovenste deel van de paal op een eerste hoogte op twee tegenoverliggende eindes van een eerste diameter met een eerste richting en het inwaarts klemmen van de paal middels het zodanig naar elkaar bewegen van de klemoppervlakken in de eerste richting dat de paal permanent vervormt om deuken in de paal op beide eindes van de diameter te vormen; het, middels respectievelijke klemoppervlakken van een eerste klemelement en een tweede klemelement van een paalverwijderingsmiddel, aangrijpen van respectievelijke tegenoverliggende zijdes van het buitenoppervlak van het bovenste deel van de paal op een tweede hoogte op twee tegenoverliggende eindes van een tweede diameter met een tweede richting en het inwaarts klemmen van de paal middels het zodanig naar elkaar bewegen van de klemoppervlakken in de tweede richting dat de paal permanent vervormt om deuken in de paal op beide eindes van de diameter te vormen, waarbij de tweede richting ongeveer loodrecht staat op de eerste richting; en het, middels respectievelijke klemoppervlakken van een eerste klemelement en een tweede klemelement van een paalverwijderingsmiddel, aangrijpen van het buitenoppervlak in de deuken van het bovenste deel van de paal op de eerste hoogte of de tweede hoogte en het opwaarts heffen van de paal om de paal van de bodem te verwijderen.Conclusions l. Method for removing a pile from a bottom, wherein a lower part of the pile is embedded in the soil and the remaining upper part of the pile extends above the bottom, the method comprising the steps of: removing, by means of respective clamping surfaces of a first clamping element and a second clamping element of a pile removal means, engaging respective opposite sides of the outer surface of the upper part of the pile at a first height on two opposite ends of a first diameter with a first direction and clamping the pile inwardly by moving the clamping surfaces together in the first direction such that the pile permanently deforms to form indentations in the pile at both ends of the diameter; engaging, by respective clamping surfaces of a first clamping element and a second clamping element of a pile removal means, respective opposite sides of the outer surface of the upper part of the pile at a second height at two opposite ends of a second diameter with a second direction and clamping the pile inwardly by moving the clamping surfaces together in the second direction such that the pile permanently deforms to form dimples in the pile at both ends of the diameter, the second direction being approximately perpendicular to the first direction; and, by means of respective clamping surfaces of a first clamping element and a second clamping element of a pile removal means, engaging the outer surface in the indentations of the upper part of the pile at the first height or the second height and lifting the pile upwardly about the pile to remove from the bottom. 2. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 1, waarbij de paal een monopaal is van een offshore-windturbine.A method according to claim 1, wherein the pile is a monopile of an offshore wind turbine. 3. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 1 of 2, waarbij het bovenste deel van de paal, ten minste nabij de eerste hoogte en de tweede hoogte, een holle buis is.A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the top part of the pile, at least near the first elevation and the second elevation, is a hollow tube. 4. Werkwijze volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij het bovenste deel van de paal, ten minste nabij de eerste hoogte en de tweede hoogte, gemaakt is van een metaal, zoals staal, bijvoorbeeld S355-staal.A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the top part of the pile, at least near the first height and the second height, is made of a metal, such as steel, for example S355 steel. 5. Werkwijze volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij het verschil tussen de eerste hoogte en de tweede hoogte 0,2-2 keer de diameter van de paal is, bij voorkeur 0,5-1,5 keer de diameter van de paal, met meer voorkeur ongeveer gelijk aan de diameter van de paal.A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the difference between the first height and the second height is 0.2-2 times the diameter of the pile, preferably 0.5-1.5 times the diameter of the pile, more preferably approximately equal to the diameter of the pile. 6. Werkwijze volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de diepte van de deuken 0,05-0,5 keer de diameter van de paal is, bij voorkeur 0,1-0,35 keerpaal, met meer voorkeur ongeveer 0,25 keer de diameter van de paal.A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the depth of the dents is 0.05-0.5 times the diameter of the pile, preferably 0.1-0.35 turning pile, more preferably about 0.25 times the diameter of the pole. 7. Werkwijze volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de bodem bestaat uit zand of klei.A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the soil consists of sand or clay. 8. Werkwijze volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij elk van de aangrijpings- en klemacties uitgevoerd worden door middel van een paalverwijderingsmiddel.A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each of the engaging and clamping actions are performed by means of a pile removal means. 9. Werkwijze volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij het paalverwijderingsmiddel een eerste klemelement en een tweede klemelement omvat, elk met een klemoppervlak dat gerangschikt is om tegenoverliggende zijdes van het buitenoppervlak van de paal aan te grijpen, waarbij de klemelementen wederzijds verbonden zijn middels connectorelementen en waarbij de klemelementen zodanig beweegbaar zijn ten opzichte van de connectorelementen dat de klemoppervlakken naar elkaar bewegen om aan te grijpen en om de paal te vervormen.A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the pile removal means comprises a first clamping element and a second clamping element, each having a clamping surface arranged to engage opposite sides of the outer surface of the pile, the clamping elements being mutually connected by connector elements. and wherein the clamping elements are movable relative to the connector elements such that the clamping surfaces move toward each other to engage and deform the post. 10. Werkwijze volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de klemelementen elk roteerbaar zijn rond een horizontale as en elk van de klemoppervlakken gevormd is op het klemelement als een niet-concentrisch gebogen oppervlak dat zich rond de as uitstrekt, waarbij diens oppervlak gebogen is op een zodanige manier dat wanneer de twee klemoppervlakken een paal ertussen aangrijpen en de klemelementen opwaarts bewogen worden, de klemelementen geroteerd worden waarmee de afstand tussen de klemoppervlakken afneemt.A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the clamping elements are each rotatable about a horizontal axis and each of the clamping surfaces is formed on the clamping element as a non-concentric curved surface extending about the axis, its surface being curved at in such a way that when the two clamping surfaces engage a post between them and the clamping elements are moved upwards, the clamping elements are rotated thereby decreasing the distance between the clamping surfaces. Il. Werkwijze volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij het paalverwijderingsmiddel voorzien is van een draadverbindingsmiddel, dat verbonden is met draden die in opwaartse richting getrokken worden middels een aandrijver die bijvoorbeeld geplaatst is op een lichaam dat op de zee drijft, zoals een schip.II. Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the pile removal means is provided with a wire connection means, which is connected to wires that are pulled in an upward direction by means of an actuator placed, for example, on a body floating on the sea, such as a ship. 12. Werkwijze volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij het draadverbindingsmiddel verschaft is op een paalelement tegenover het klemoppervlak op de andere zijde van en op een afstand vanaf de klemelementas.A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the wire connector is provided on a pole member opposite the clamping surface on the opposite side of and at a distance from the clamping member axis. 13. Paalverwijderingselement voor gebruik in de werkwijze hierboven, dat een eerste klemelement en een tweede klemelement omvat, elk met een klemoppervlak dat gerangschikt is om tegenoverliggende zijdes van het buitenoppervlak van een paal aan te grijpen, waarbij de klemelementen wederzijds verbonden zijn middels connectorelementen en waarbij de klemelementen zodanig beweegbaar zijn ten opzichte van de connectorelementen dat de klemoppervlakken naar elkaar bewegen om aan te grijpen en de paal te vervormen.13. A pole removal element for use in the method above, comprising a first clamping element and a second clamping element, each having a clamping surface arranged to engage opposite sides of the outer surface of a pole, the clamping elements being mutually connected by connector elements and wherein the clamping elements are movable relative to the connector elements such that the clamping surfaces move together to engage and deform the post. 14. Paalverwijderingselement volgens conclusie 13, waarbij de klemelementen elk roteerbaar zijn rond een horizontale as en waarbij elk van de klemoppervlakken gevormd is op het klemelement als een niet-concentrisch gebogen oppervlak dat zich rond de as uitstrekt, waarbij diens oppervlak gebogen is op een zodanige manier dat wanneer de twee klemoppervlakken een paal ertussen aangrijpen en de klemelementen opwaarts bewogen worden, de klemelementen geroteerd worden waarmee de afstand tussen de klemoppervlakken afneemt.The post removal element of claim 13 wherein the clamping elements are each rotatable about a horizontal axis and wherein each of the clamping surfaces is formed on the clamping element as a non-concentrically curved surface extending about the axis, its surface being curved in such a manner way that when the two clamping surfaces engage a post between them and the clamping elements are moved upwards, the clamping elements are rotated thereby decreasing the distance between the clamping surfaces. 15. Paalverwijderingselement volgens conclusie 13 of 14, waarbij het paalverwijderingsmiddel voorzien is van een draadverbindingsmiddel, waarbij het draadverbindingsmiddel verschaft is op een paalelement tegenover het klemoppervlak op de andere zijde van en op een afstand vanaf de klemelementas.A pile removal element according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the pile removal means includes a threaded connection means, the threaded connection means being provided on a pile element opposite the clamping surface on the other side of and spaced from the clamping element axis.
NL2029602A 2021-11-03 2021-11-03 Method and pile removal tool for removing a pile from a soil NL2029602B1 (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20090091551A (en) * 2008-02-25 2009-08-28 조석동 Section steel-pile pulling machine
KR200447293Y1 (en) * 2007-10-19 2010-01-14 조석동 Section steel-pile pulling machine
KR100992736B1 (en) * 2008-02-26 2010-11-05 박치오 Section steel-pile pulling machine
KR101050579B1 (en) * 2010-09-07 2011-07-19 이용순 Pile drawing machine

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR200447293Y1 (en) * 2007-10-19 2010-01-14 조석동 Section steel-pile pulling machine
KR20090091551A (en) * 2008-02-25 2009-08-28 조석동 Section steel-pile pulling machine
KR100992736B1 (en) * 2008-02-26 2010-11-05 박치오 Section steel-pile pulling machine
KR101050579B1 (en) * 2010-09-07 2011-07-19 이용순 Pile drawing machine

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