NL2029218A - Apparatus for advanced treatment of slightly polluted water - Google Patents

Apparatus for advanced treatment of slightly polluted water Download PDF

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Publication number
NL2029218A
NL2029218A NL2029218A NL2029218A NL2029218A NL 2029218 A NL2029218 A NL 2029218A NL 2029218 A NL2029218 A NL 2029218A NL 2029218 A NL2029218 A NL 2029218A NL 2029218 A NL2029218 A NL 2029218A
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unit
water
wetland
electrolysis
polluted water
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NL2029218A
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Dutch (nl)
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NL2029218B1 (en
Inventor
Gao Qunli
Zhang Yaozong
Yang Shuo
Li Liping
Wang Yong
Zhang Ning
Sun Jincheng
Zhang Wang
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Univ North China Science & Technology
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • C02F1/004—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance using large scale industrial sized filters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/463—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrocoagulation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F2001/007—Processes including a sedimentation step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/105—Phosphorus compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/009—Apparatus with independent power supply, e.g. solar cells, windpower, fuel cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
    • C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/152—Water filtration
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Abstract

The present invention discloses an apparatus for advanced treatment of slightly polluted water comprising a power unit and units for treatment of the slightly polluted water sequentially as follows: a filtration and electrolysis unit, a settling unit, a primary wetland unit and a secondary wetland unit. The power unit mixes the slightly polluted water with air and then delivers the mixture to the filtration and electrolysis unit; an iron-carbon filler is placed in the filtration device for color removal from the slightly polluted water, removal of organic matter and formation of flocs under the action of formed iron-carbon micro-cells and air; the electrolysis device is used for treating the sewage discharged from the filtration device to remove most of the ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus therein; the settling unit is used for precipitation of the formed flocs; the primary wetland unit comprises a filler layer, a soil layer and plants, the unit being used for removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from the water discharged from the settling unit; the secondary wetland unit has similar structure and functions as the primary wetland unit. The apparatus can effectively remove various kinds of pollutants in water, thereby achieving purification of sewage, and ensuring a stable water quality up to standards.

Description

APPARATUS FOR ADVANCED TREATMENT OF SLIGHTLY POLLUTED WATER
FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY The present invention relates to the field of treatment of slightly polluted water, and in particular to an apparatus for advanced treatment of slightly polluted water.
BACKGROUND TECHNOLOGY With the development of society and the continuous improvement in the living standards, human use of water resources has been increasing gradually, along with rising requirements for the surrounding environment. The existing small confined areas, such as landscape water bodies, small-scale circulating water or reclaimed water, contain large amounts of pollutants.
With time of usage, water keeps evaporating and pollutants in the water keep concentrating, resulting in pollutant concentrations exceeding the standard values. In the view of this situation, investigators or water users have employed various methods to remove pollutants in water so that water quality indicators meet with specified objectives.
Sedimentation and filtration is used in most of the conventional methods for pollutant removal, which is a complicated process that requires not only addition of flocculants, but in-process flushing and back-flushing of the filtration device, resulting in a complex equipment and cumbersome operation of the process. Moreover, the primary indicators for pollutant removal are COD (chemical oxygen demand) and TP (total phosphorus), while there was no effect on the removal of color or fecal coliforms in water.
SUMMARY In the view of the problems in the prior art, the present invention is proposed to provide a method for advanced treatment of slightly polluted water, which not only removes COD and phosphorus in water, but also removes water color and sterilizes water so as to meet water quality requirements.
The following technical means are employed in the present invention: An apparatus for advanced treatment of slightly polluted water, comprising a power unit and units for treatment of the slightly polluted water sequentially as follows: a filtration and electrolysis unit, a settling unit, a primary wetland unit and a secondary wetland unit, wherein: the power unit is used for mixing the slightly polluted water with air and then delivering the mixture to the filtration and electrolysis unit; the filtration and electrolysis unit comprises a filtration device and an electrolysis device; an iron-carbon filler is placed in the filtration device for color removal from the slightly polluted water, removal of organic matter and formation of flocs under the action of formed iron-carbon micro-cells and air; the electrolysis device is used for treating the sewage discharged from the filtration device to remove most of the
-2- ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus therein; the settling unit is used for precipitation of the flocs formed in the filtration and electrolysis unit and substances flocculated thereby, thus removing most of the suspended substances in the water; the primary wetland unit comprises a filler layer, a soil layer on the filler layer and plants growing on the soil layer, the unit being used for removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water from the settling unit; the secondary wetland unit comprises a filler layer, a soil layer set on the filler layer and plants growing on the soil layer, the unit being used for removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water from the primary wetland unit. The power unit is a water pump; an air inlet pipe is connected to a water inlet of the water pump, and on the air inlet pipe is a valve installed, the opening of which may be adjusted based on the volume of air required; an outlet pipe of the pump is connected to a water distributor to spray the water delivered by the pump evenly on the iron-carbon filler.
An inlet for NaCl solution is installed on the water inlet pipe of the water pump to make it easy for addition of NaCl solution; or, a NaCl solution inlet pipe is installed so that NaCl solution is added from an upper part of the filtration and electrolysis unit.
A Cu plate and a TiO: plate are installed in the electrolysis unit; the Cu plate is connected to a negative terminal of a power supply, serving as a cathode; the TiO; plate is connected to a positive terminal of a power supply, serving as an anode; operation is performed at a cathode potential in the range of -1.0---2.4V (the best effect is achieved at a cathode potential of -1.8V). Nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen are removed under the action of electrolysis and Fe® is generated, forming relatively large flocs in the water; and the water treated by the electrolysis unit flows from an upper part into the settling unit.
A deflector plate and short-range tilt plates are installed in the settling unit, wherein the deflector plate divides the settling unit into a first space and a second space which are connected at the bottom, and the bottom of the deflector plate is inclined to the second space; there are a plurality of the short-range tilt plates set tilted in the upper part of the second space; water from the filtration and electrolysis unit falls from the top of the first space, is deflected by the deflector plate, passes upwards through the short-range tilt plates and enters the primary wetland unit.
The primary wetland unit comprises an inlet channel and a primary wetland, wherein the inlet channel is used to allow water from the settling unit to enter the primary wetland from the bottom. The primary wetland comprises a filler layer, a soil layer set on the filler layer and plants planted on the soil layer, and water treated by the primary wetland unit enters the secondary wetland unit from a lower part of the primary wetland unit. The filler layer is a quartz sand layer, and the plants are reeds and/or Typha.
The filler layer of the secondary wetland unit is a zeolite layer; the plants are reeds and/or Typha; and an outlet is set on a side of the secondary wetland unit away from the first
-3. wetland unit.
Preferably, the apparatus for advanced treatment of slightly polluted water further comprises a solar panel and a battery, wherein the solar panel is used for converting solar energy into electrical energy, and the battery is used for storing the electrical energy and supplying power to the electrolysis device and the water pump.
Preferably, the filtration and electrolysis unit, the settling unit, the primary wetland unit and the secondary wetland unit are connected sequentially, and heights of the partitions between each unit are reduced sequentially; a plurality of supporting legs and a filter are set at the bottom of the apparatus for advanced treatment of slightly polluted water, and slightly polluted water is filtered through the filter before entering the water inlet pipe of the water pump.
The present invention is mainly used for advanced treatment of slightly polluted water of a limited range, including purification of landscape water bodies, enhanced treatment and reuse of treated effluent of small-scale wastewater, as well as some industrial water treatment.
Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. Coupling of iron-carbon technology and electrochemical technology, and micro-ecological wetland technology are employed in the water treatment apparatus of the present invention, leading to an effective removal of pollutants in water bodies.
2. A solar micro-power is employed, with no external power required, to drive purification of wastewater and ensure a stable water quality up to standard.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the apparatus for advanced treatment of slightly polluted water in the present invention; FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of the electrolysis device in FIG. 1.
Wherein:
10. water inlet pipe 11. electrolysis device 12. partitions13. iron-carbon filler
14. water pump 15. water distributor 16. battery 17. solar panel 18. air inlet pipe 19. deflector plate 20. plants 21. outlets 22. filter 23. filler 24. drainage holes
25. filler layer 26. water distribution holes 27. inlet channel 28. shortrange tilt plate
29. channel 30. inlet pipe for NaCl solution31. supporting legs
DISCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS The method for advanced treatment of slight polluted water of the present invention will
-4- be described in detail with reference to the accompanying figures hereinafter.
As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the apparatus for advanced treatment of slightly polluted water in the present invention comprises a power unit and units for treatment of the slightly polluted water sequentially as follows: a filtration and electrolysis unit, a settling unit, a primary wetland unit and a secondary wetland unit. The details are as follows: The power unit is used for mixing the slightly polluted water with air and then delivering the mixture to the filtration and electrolysis unit. The power unit is a water pump (14); an air inlet pipe (18) is connected to a water inlet (10) of the water pump (14), and a valve is installed on the air inlet pipe (18); an outlet pipe of the water pump is connected to a water distributor (15) to spray the water delivered by the water pump evenly on the iron-carbon filler.
The filtration and electralysis unit comprises a filtration device and an electrolysis device (11); an iron-carbon filler (13) is placed in the filtration device for color removal from the slightly polluted water, removal of organic matter and formation of flocs under the action of formed iron-carbon micro-cells and air.
The electrolysis device (11) is used for treating the wastewater treated by the filtration device to remove most of the ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus therein. A Cu plate and a TiO. plate are installed in the electrolysis unit; the Cu plate is connected to a negative terminal of a power supply, serving as a cathode; the TiO. plate is connected to a positive terminal of a power supply, serving as an anode; operation is carried out at a cathode potential in the range of -1.0~-2.4V, and the best effect is achieved at a cathode potential of -1.8V. Nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen are removed by electrolysis, and Fe? ions are generated, forming relatively large flocs in the water; and the water treated by the electrolysis unit flows from an upper part into the settling unit. In the embodiment as illustrated in FIG. 2, two pieces of Cu plates (11a) and two pieces of TiO. plates (11b) were installed with the Cu plates (11a) and the TiO. plates (11b) set at intervals; the two Cu plates were connected to the negative terminal of a power supply, and the two TiO, plates were connected to the positive terminal of a power supply. The distance between the positive and negative plates was between 1 and 4 cm, and the best effect was achieved with a distance of 2 cm.
The settling unit is used for precipitation of the flocs formed in the filtration and electrolysis unit and the substances flocculated thereby, thus removing most of the suspended substances in water. A deflector plate (19) and short-range tilt plates (28) are installed in the settling unit, wherein the deflector plate (19) divides the settling unit into a first space and a second space which are connected at the bottom, and the bottom of the deflector plate (19) is inclined to the second space; there are a plurality of the short-range tilt plates (28) set tilted in an upper part of the second space; water from the filtration and electrolysis unit falls from the top of the first space, is deflected by the deflector plate, passes upwards through the short-range tilt plates and enters the primary wetland unit.
-5.
The primary wetland unit comprises a filler layer, a soil layer (not shown in the figure) set on the filler layer and plants growing on the soil layer, the unit being used for removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water from the settling unit. Specifically, the primary wetland unit comprises an inlet channel (27) and a primary wetland, wherein a plurality of water distribution holes (26) are set in the inlet channel (27) so as to allow water from the settling unit to enter the primary wetland from the water distribution holes (26). The primary wetland comprises a filler layer (25), a soil layer set on the filler layer (25) and plants (20) planted on the soil layer, and water treated by the primary wetland unit enters the secondary wetland unit from the water distribution holes (27) in the lower part of the primary wetland unit. The filler layer (25) is a quartz sand layer, and the plants are reeds and/or Typha.
The secondary wetland unit comprises a filler layer, a soil layer set on the filler layer and plants (20) growing on the soil layer, the unit being used for removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water from the primary wetland unit. The filler (23) of the filler layer is zeolite; the plants (20) are reeds and/or Typha; and outlets (21) are set on the side of the secondary wetland unit away from the first wetland unit.
An inlet for NaCl solution is installed on the water inlet pipe of the water pump to make it easy to add NaCl solution; or, a NaCl solution inlet pipe is installed so that NaCl solution is added from an upper part the filtration and electrolysis unit.
Moreover, the apparatus for advanced treatment of slightly polluted water further comprises a solar panel and a battery, wherein the solar panel is used for converting solar energy into electrical energy, and the battery is used for storing the electrical energy and supplying power to the electrolysis device and the water pump.
In the embodiment as illustrated in FIG. 1, the filtration and electrolysis unit, the settling unit, the primary wetland unit and the secondary wetland unit are connected sequentially, and heights of the partitions (12) between each unit are reduced sequentially. A plurality of supporting legs (31) and a filter (32) are set at the bottom of the apparatus for advanced treatment of slightly polluted water; the slightly polluted water is filtered through the filter (22) before entering the water inlet pipe of the water pump (14).
The shape of each unit may either be a square, or designed as a concentric ring such that the filtration and electrolysis unit is located in the center and outwards in sequence are the circular settling unit, the circular primary wetland unit and the circular secondary wetland unit.
Additionally, as required in practice, the sediment in the settling unit may be discharged through a sludge drainage pipe.
The process of treating slightly polluted water with the apparatus of the present invention is as follows: Firstly, start the water pump (14). The water to be treated flows through the filter (22), into
-6- the bottom part of the apparatus, enters the pump along the water inlet pipe (10) and is then delivered to the water distributor (15). An inlet for NaCl solution is installed on the water inlet pipe of the water pump; or an inlet pipe for NaCl solution (30) is installed so that NaCl solution is added from an upper part the filtration and electrolysis unit. The amount of NaCl solution being added and the time point for the addition thereof are determined based on the concentration of chloride ions in water, which is generally controlled at about 400 mg/L. At the beginning of the water pump operation, the air inlet valve (18) connected to the water pump is closed; once the pump runs well, the air inlet valve (18) is opened for air to enter the water pump under the action of negative pressure. The inlet air volume may be controlled by adjusting the opening degree of the air inlet valve. Air and water mix well in the water pump before the water is distributed evenly above the iron-carbon filler (13) via the water distributor (15).
The water is dispersed into small droplets and sprinkled evenly on the iron-carbon filler, with a large amount of oxygen dissolved in the water. A plurality of micro-cells are formed spatially by iron and carbon on each filler particle, meanwhile, nascent [H], [O] and Fe? created in reactions can oxidize with organic acids and fulvic acid among other organic matter in water, thereby breaking the chains of long-chain organic matter for removal of color and organic matter. The created Fe?* can also form ferrous hydroxide in water, which has a certain flocculation effect.
The water treated by the iron-carbon filler then enters the electrolysis device (11). As illustrated in FIG.1 and FIG. 2, Cu plates (11a) and TiO; plates (11b) are installed in the electrolysis device; the Cu plates (11a) are connected to the negative terminal of a power supply, serving as a cathode; the TiO; plates (11b) are connected to the positive terminal of a power supply, serving as an anode. Operation is carried out at a cathode potential in the range of -1.0--2.4V, and the best effect is achieved at a cathode potential of -1.6V. The primary reactions taking place at the anode during electrolysis are as follows: 2C1" > 2e + Cl, Cl,+H,0 - HOCI+H" + Cl” 2NH;+3HOCI > N,+3H,0+5H*+3Cl The primary reactions taking place at the cathode are as follows: NO;+2H'+2e > N0,+H,0O 2NO;+12H"+10e” > N,+6H,0 2NO,+8H"+6e” —> N,+4H,0 Ammonia nitrogen in the wastewater can be completely oxidized under the action of electrolysis, and nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen are also removed to a certain extent. However, the whole electrolysis process is less effective in removing organic COD, with
-7- approximately 20% of COD removed.
Some Fe? ions contained in the water from the iron-carbon filler are oxidized by hypochlorous acid in the electrolysis device (11) into Fe®* ions, which are effective in flocculation, causing relatively large flocs to be formed in water, thereby effectively removing phosphorus (P) from the water.
The reaction equation is as follows: Fe + PO; — FePO, \ Next, the formed flocs enter the settling unit with the water flow.
The flocs precipitate in the settling unit as the water flow falls from the space formed by the deflector plate (19) and the partitions.
Once the water passes through the channel (29) below the deflector plate (19), it flows upward while the flocs are further separated under the action of the short-range tilt plates (28), thus the flocs are well settled in the settling unit.
Meanwhile, suspended particles and colloids in the water can be removed so that the water is further purified.
In addition, the hypochlorous acid generated by the electrolysis unit reacts almost completely with the reducing substances in the water.
The settling mechanism of the settling tank is mainly a combination of the theoretical form of a vertical-flow settling tank and an inclined-plate settling tank to achieve enhanced settling on reduced floor space.
There is still a certain amount of small microbial particles in the water after this process, and this pollutant is further removed by the two-stage artificial micro-wetland.
The water treated by the settling unit first enters the inlet channel (27) of the primary artificial micro-wetland, then enters the filler layer (25) of the primary artificial micro-wetland via the water distribution holes (26) on the partitions (12), then enters the secondary artificial micro-wetland via the inlet holes thereof, and flows through the filler layer (23), and finally enters a water body from the outlets (21) as the whole treatment process is completed.
Removal of pollutants in the above two-stage artificial micro-wetland is mainly achieved by settlement, retention, filtration of pollutants when passing through the wetland and by interception and absorption by plant roots.
Total Nitrogen (TN) and partial COD are removed by nitrification-denitrification of bacteria parasitic on the surface of the sludge and the filler; the root secretions of plants have sterilization effect on E. coli and pathogens; and nitrogen and phosphorus can be removed by plant uptake.
Wetland plants share the capability to decompose and transform organic matter and other substances as all organisms that undergo photosynthetic autotrophy.
Plants are able to absorb available nutrients directly from wastewater through absorption and assimilation, through which ammonium salt, nitrate, and phosphate in water can be absorbed by plants, and all the substances absorbed by the plants will leave the water body as the plants planted on the wetland are harvested in the fall.
Short-circuiting can be prevented because the outlets of the secondary artificial micro-wetland is distanced from the inlet of the filtration and electrolysis unit.
Moreover, it should be noted that the content of chloride ions in domestic wastewater is
-8- generally 200-400 mg/L. Addition of NaCl solution may control the concentration of chloride ions in the water that passes through the iron-carbon filler (13) to around 400 mg/L, which will have no consequence to further steps of wastewater treatment.
The residence time of the slightly polluted water in each treatment unit varies depending on the quality of the slightly polluted water and the target water quality.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the experimental water was taken from a landscape pond with COD, TN, ammonia nitrogen and TP values of 40.5 mg/L, 15.0 mg/L, 5.1 mg/L and 2.1 mg/L, respectively, and the residence times (i.e., the time from influent to effluent) of the water in the filtration and electrolysis unit, the settling unit, the primary wetland unit and the secondary wetland unit were 20 min, 20 min, 20 min, 10 min and 10 min, respectively. The COD, TN, ammonia nitrogen and TP values of the treated water were 12.2 mg/L, 8.0 mg/L, 0 mg/L and 0.1 mg/L, respectively, and the effluent quality was significantly improved with obvious removal effect on various quality parameters of polluted water.
The electrochemical workstation used in the test of the present invention was the LK2010 electrochemical workstation manufactured by Lanlike (Tianjin) Chemistry & Electron High Technology Co., Ltd.

Claims (10)

-9- CONCLUSIES-9- CONCLUSIONS 1. Een apparaat voor geavanceerde behandeling van licht vervuild water, gekenmerkt door een vermogenseenheid en eenheden voor de behandeling van het licht vervuild water achtereenvolgens als volgt: een filtratie- en elektrolyse-eenheid, een bezinkingseenheid, een primaire wetland-eenheid en een secundaire wetland- eenheid , waarin: de vermogenseenheid wordt gebruikt om het licht vervuilde water met lucht te mengen en het mengsel vervolgens af te geven aan de filtratie- en elektrolyse-eenheid; de filtratie- en elektrolyse-eenheid omvat een filtratie-inrichting en een elektrolyse- inrichting; een ijzer-koolstof vuller wordt in de filtratie-inrichting geplaatst voor kleurverwijdering uit het licht vervuilde water, verwijdering van organisch materiaal en vorming van vlokken onder invloed van gevormde ijzer-koolstof microcellen en lucht; de elektrolyse-inrichting wordt gebruikt voor het behandelen van het afvalwater dat uit de filtratie-inrichting wordt afgevoerd om de meeste ammoniakstikstof en fosfor daarin te verwijderen; de bezinkeenheid wordt gebruikt voor het neerslaan van de in de filtratie- en elektrolyse-eenheid gevormde vlokken en daarbij uitgevlokte stoffen, waardoor de meeste zwevende stoffen in het water worden verwijderd; de primaire wetlandeenheid omvat een vullaag, een op de vullaag geplaatste grondlaag en op de grondlaag groeiende planten, waarbij de eenheid wordt gebruikt voor het verwijderen van stikstof en fosfor in het water uit de bezinkingseenheid; de secundaire wetlandeenheid omvat een vullaag, een grondlaag op de vullaag en planten die op de grondlaag groeien, waarbij de eenheid wordt gebruikt voor het verwijderen van stikstof en fosfor in het water uit de primaire wetlandeenheid.1. An apparatus for advanced treatment of slightly polluted water, characterized by a power unit and units for treating the lightly polluted water successively as follows: a filtration and electrolysis unit, a settling unit, a primary wetland unit and a secondary wetland - unit, in which: the power unit is used to mix the slightly polluted water with air and then deliver the mixture to the filtration and electrolysis unit; the filtration and electrolysis unit comprises a filtration device and an electrolysis device; an iron-carbon filler is placed in the filtration device for color removal from the slightly polluted water, removal of organic matter and formation of flocs under the influence of formed iron-carbon microcells and air; the electrolyzer is used to treat the waste water discharged from the filtration device to remove most of the ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus therein; the settling unit is used to precipitate the flocs formed in the filtration and electrolysis unit and thereby flocculated substances, thereby removing most of the suspended matter in the water; the primary wetland unit comprises a fill layer, a soil layer placed on the fill layer and plants growing on the soil layer, the unit being used to remove nitrogen and phosphorus in the water from the settling unit; the secondary wetland unit comprises a fill layer, a soil layer on the fill layer and plants growing on the soil layer, the unit being used to remove nitrogen and phosphorus in the water from the primary wetland unit. 2. Het apparaat voor geavanceerde behandeling van licht vervuild water volgens conclusie 1, met het kenmerk, dat: de vermogenseenheid een waterpomp is; een luchtinlaatleiding is aangesloten op een waterinlaat van de waterpomp en een klep is op de luchtinlaatleiding geïnstalleerd; een uitlaatpijp van de pomp is aangesloten op een waterverdeler om het door de pomp geleverde water gelijkmatig op de ijzer- koolstof vuller te spuiten.The advanced lightly polluted water treatment apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that : the power unit is a water pump; an air inlet pipe is connected to a water inlet of the water pump, and a valve is installed on the air inlet pipe; an outlet pipe from the pump is connected to a water distributor to evenly spray the water supplied by the pump onto the ferric-carbon filler. 3. Het apparaat voor geavanceerde behandeling van licht vervuild water volgens conclusie 2, met het kenmerk, dat: een inlaat voor NaCl-oplossing is geïnstalleerd op de waterinlaatleiding van de waterpomp; of er wordt een inlaatleiding voor NaCl- oplossing geïnstalleerd zodat NaCl-oplossing wordt toegevoegd vanuit een bovenste deel van de filtratie- en elektrolyse-eenheid.The advanced treatment of lightly polluted water according to claim 2, characterized in that : an inlet for NaCl solution is installed on the water inlet pipe of the water pump; or a NaCl solution inlet line is installed so that NaCl solution is added from an upper part of the filtration and electrolysis unit. 4. Het apparaat voor geavanceerde behandeling van licht vervuild water volgens4. The device for advanced treatment of slightly polluted water according to -10 - conclusie 1, met het kenmerk, dat in de elektrolyse-eenheid een Cu-plaat en een Ti02- plaat zijn geïnstalleerd; de Cu-plaat is verbonden met een negatieve pool van een voeding, die als kathode dient; de TiO2-plaat is verbonden met een positieve pool van een voeding, die dienst doet als anode, en de werking wordt uitgevoerd bij een kathodepotentiaal in het bereik van -1,0~-2,4V om nitraatstikstof en nitrietstikstof te verwijderen onder invloed van elektrolyse en genereren Fe3+, waardoor relatief grote vlokken in het water worden gevormd; en het door de elektrolyse-eenheid behandelde water stroomt van een bovendeel in de bezinkingseenheid.- Claim 1, characterized in that a Cu plate and a TiO 2 plate are installed in the electrolysis unit; the Cu plate is connected to a negative terminal of a power supply, which serves as a cathode; the TiO2 plate is connected to a positive terminal of a power supply, which acts as an anode, and the operation is performed at a cathode potential in the range of -1.0~-2.4V to remove nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen under the influence of electrolysis and generate Fe3+, forming relatively large flocs in the water; and the water treated by the electrolysis unit flows from an upper portion into the settling unit. 5. Het apparaat voor geavanceerde behandeling van licht vervuild water volgens conclusie 1, met het kenmerk, dat: in de bezinkeenheid een deflectorplaat en korte- afstandskantelplaten zijn aangebracht, waarbij de deflectorplaat de bezinkeenheid in een eerste ruimte en een tweede ruimte die aan de onderkant is verbonden, en de bodem van de deflectorplaat helt ten opzichte van de tweede ruimte; er zijn een pluraliteit van de korte-afstandskantelplaten die in het bovenste deel van de tweede ruimte zijn gekanteld; water uit de filtratie- en elektrolyse-eenheid valt vanaf de bovenkant van de eerste ruimte, wordt afgebogen door de deflectorplaat, gaat omhoog door de korte-afstandskantelplaten en komt de primaire wetland-eenheid binnen.The advanced treatment of lightly polluted water according to claim 1, characterized in that : a deflector plate and short-distance tilt plates are arranged in the settling unit, the deflector plate contains the settling unit in a first space and a second space located at the bottom is connected, and the bottom of the deflector plate is inclined with respect to the second space; there are a plurality of the short-range tilting plates tilted in the upper part of the second space; water from the filtration and electrolysis unit falls from the top of the first chamber, is deflected by the deflector plate, ascends through the short-range tilt plates and enters the primary wetland unit. 6. Het apparaat voor geavanceerde behandeling van licht vervuild water volgens conclusie 1, met het kenmerk, dat: de primaire wetland-eenheid een inlaatkanaal en een primaire wetland omvat, waarbij het inlaatkanaal wordt gebruikt om water van de bezinkeenheid in de primaire wetland vanaf de bodem; het primaire wetland omvat een vullaag, een grondlaag op de vullaag en planten geplant op de grondlaag, en water dat wordt behandeld door de primaire wetlandeenheid komt de secundaire wetlandeenheid binnen vanuit een lager deel van de primaire wetlandeenheid.The advanced lightly polluted water treatment apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that : the primary wetland unit comprises an inlet channel and a primary wetland, the inlet channel being used to transfer water from the settling unit into the primary wetland from the soil; the primary wetland includes a fill layer, a soil layer on the fill layer and plants planted on the soil layer, and water treated by the primary wetland unit enters the secondary wetland unit from a lower part of the primary wetland unit. 7. Het apparaat voor geavanceerde behandeling van licht vervuild water volgens conclusie 6, met het kenmerk, dat: de vullaag een kwartszandlaag is en de planten riet en/of Typha zijn.The advanced treatment of lightly polluted water according to claim 6, characterized in that : the filling layer is a quartz sand layer and the plants are reeds and/or Typha. 8. Het apparaat voor geavanceerde behandeling van licht vervuild water volgens conclusie 1, met het kenmerk, dat: de vullaag een zeolietlaag is; de planten zijn riet en/of typha; en een uitlaat is geplaatst aan een zijde van de secundaire wetlandeenheid weg van de eerste wetlandeenheid.The advanced treatment of lightly polluted water according to claim 1, characterized in that : the filling layer is a zeolite layer; the plants are reeds and/or typha; and an outlet is located on a side of the secondary wetland unit away from the first wetland unit. 9. Het apparaat voor geavanceerde behandeling van licht vervuild water volgens een van de conclusies 1-8, met het kenmerk, dat deze verder een zonnepaneel en een batterij omvat, het zonnepaneel wordt gebruikt voor het omzetten van zonne-energie in elektrische energie, en de batterij wordt gebruikt voor het opslaan van de elektrische energie en het leveren van stroom aan het elektrolyse-inrichting en de waterpomp.The advanced light-polluted water treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that it further comprises a solar panel and a battery, the solar panel is used for converting solar energy into electrical energy, and the battery is used to store the electrical energy and supply power to the electrolyzer and water pump. -1 --1 - 10. Het apparaat voor geavanceerde behandeling van licht vervuild water volgens conclusie 9, met het kenmerk, dat: de filtratie- en elektrolyse-eenheid, de bezinkingseenheid, de primaire wetlandeenheid en de secundaire wetlandeenheid opeenvolgend zijn aangesloten, en de hoogten van de scheidingswanden tussen elk eenheid worden opeenvolgend verminderd; een aantal steunpoten en een filter zijn aan de onderkant van het apparaat geplaatst voor geavanceerde behandeling van licht vervuild water, en licht vervuild water wordt door het filter gefilterd voordat het de waterinlaatpijp van de waterpomp binnengaat.The advanced lightly polluted water treatment apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that : the filtration and electrolysis unit, the settling unit, the primary wetland unit and the secondary wetland unit are connected sequentially, and the heights of the partitions between each unit are reduced sequentially; a number of support legs and a filter are placed at the bottom of the unit for advanced treatment of slightly polluted water, and lightly polluted water is filtered through the filter before entering the water inlet pipe of the water pump.
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