NL2027004B1 - Cobalt tellurium oxide as a photocharged electrocatalyst - Google Patents
Cobalt tellurium oxide as a photocharged electrocatalyst Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NL2027004B1 NL2027004B1 NL2027004A NL2027004A NL2027004B1 NL 2027004 B1 NL2027004 B1 NL 2027004B1 NL 2027004 A NL2027004 A NL 2027004A NL 2027004 A NL2027004 A NL 2027004A NL 2027004 B1 NL2027004 B1 NL 2027004B1
- Authority
- NL
- Netherlands
- Prior art keywords
- cobalt
- cto
- tellurium
- tellurium oxide
- compound
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000010411 electrocatalyst Substances 0.000 title abstract description 18
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- -1 cobalt tellurium compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 16
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004502 linear sweep voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 3
- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002525 ultrasonication Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000710013 Lily symptomless virus Species 0.000 description 2
- 101100500493 Mus musculus Eapp gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021397 glassy carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012901 Milli-Q water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007832 Na2SO4 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004770 chalcogenides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006181 electrochemical material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;hydrate Chemical compound O.CCO IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNBHUCHAFZUEGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium(3+) Chemical compound [Eu+3] LNBHUCHAFZUEGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002070 germicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002847 impedance measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006303 photolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015843 photosynthesis, light reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002371 ultraviolet--visible spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/50—Processes
- C25B1/55—Photoelectrolysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/052—Electrodes comprising one or more electrocatalytic coatings on a substrate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/075—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound
- C25B11/077—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound the compound being a non-noble metal oxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/075—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound
- C25B11/087—Photocatalytic compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/50—Cells or assemblies of cells comprising photoelectrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/0256—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by the material
- H01L31/0264—Inorganic materials
- H01L31/032—Inorganic materials including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only compounds not provided for in groups H01L31/0272 - H01L31/0312
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M14/00—Electrochemical current or voltage generators not provided for in groups H01M6/00 - H01M12/00; Manufacture thereof
- H01M14/005—Photoelectrochemical storage cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9016—Oxides, hydroxides or oxygenated metallic salts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/02—Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/057—Selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/0576—Tellurium; Compounds thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to photosensitive and/or photoactive electrochemical cobalt tellurium oxide compounds which may be used as a photo-electrocatalyst in an electrochemical process and/or a semiconductor in a photovoltaic cell. More particularly, the invention relates to cobalt-tellurium-oxide compounds that are capable of storing and discharging current density after illumination.
Description
FIELD OF APPLICATION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to photocatalytic, electrocatalytic and photo- electrocatalytic materials and in particular, metal tellurium oxides and their use as (i) catalysts for water oxidation/splitting, and (ii) active materials for the conversion and storage of solar energy as electrochemical energy.
BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION An ever-increasing focus on preserving our planet and reducing our reliance on a fossil infrastructure has resulted in a global drive towards clean and renewal energy. Where the majority of electricity generation comes from coal, nuclear and other non- renewable power plants, renewal energy sources offer an ideal alternative with fewer environmental impacts. Solar energy has been found to be an effective source of energy, which is capable of sufficient scale to meet future global energy demand. Considered to be the pioneers of solar energy, the work of Fujishima and Honda (Fujishima, A; Honda, K. Electrochemical photolysis of water at a semiconductor electrode. Nature 1972, 238, 5358, 37-38) showed how the processing of splitting water into molecular hydrogen and oxygen could provide an alternative energy source. During the splitting of water, energy is consumed to split water into its hydrogen and oxygen gas components, with hydrogen acting as an energy store, after which the gasses are available to 1 recombine to again form water and release the stored energy. To facilitate the process of water splitting, catalysts are required to lower the energy required in the aforementioned process.
Of interest to the present invention is the technique of photo-electrocatalytic (PEC) water splitting, where hydrogen is produced from water using ultraviolet/visible light irradiation and the application of an applied potential in combination with photo- electrocatalytic materials. Ultimately, the effectiveness of converting solar energy into chemical energy will rely on the photo-electrocatalyst. The important role of the photo-electrocatalyst results from its involvement in the enhancement of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) step, which in turn improves the conversion of solar to chemical energy and storage of the same.
To this end, many studies have focussed on creating novel photo-electrochemical materials that include transition metal oxides/hydroxides, metal phosphides and/or phosphates, perovskite oxides, metal chalcogenides, carbon nanomaterials, amongst many others. In addition to the aforementioned synthesized materials, studies have shown that metal doping and the introduction of electrocatalysts as cocatalysts could improve the activity of PEC materials. A significant drawback of the majority of these materials is that they immediately lose their activity once illumination is terminated. As such, there is a need for PEC materials that can be photocharged and continue to facilitate PEC splitting once illumination has ceased (in the dark).
2
Lou et al (Lou, S. N.; Ng, Y. H.; Ng, C.; Scott, J.; Amal, R. Harvesting, storing and utilising solar energy using MoO3: Modulating structural distortion through pH adjustment. Chem. Sus. Chem. 2014, 7 (7), 1934-1941) reported that the a-MoO3 catalyst could be utilized as a thin film that is capable of storing and discharging its charge under dark conditions. In addition, it was also shown that a-MoO: could be recharged with successive irradiation, which indicates that this material has battery- like properties. Two studies by Kriek ef al (R. J. Kriek, M. Z. Iqbal, B. P. Doyle, and E. Carleschi ACS Applied Energy Materials 2019 2 (6), 4205-4214 & M. Z. Iqbal, E. Carleschi, B. P. Doyle, and R. J. Kriek ACS Applied Energy Materials 2019 2 (11), 8125-8137) reported that two binary-metal oxides, namely europium(lll) tellurium oxide and nickel(ll) tellurium oxide, are capable of maintaining their current density after illumination has ceased, which indicates that photocharging of the materials, and the subsequent utilization of the stored charge, could be used to drive the OER (in the dark) step in the process of water splitting. Prior to the publication on the properties of europium(III} tellurium oxide, WO 2019/239235 was also filed which disclosed europium lll) tellurium oxide and its use as a photo-electrocatalyst.
While the nickel(ll} tellurium oxide and europium(lll) tellurium oxide provided some interesting results, there is a need for a compound that is capable of utilizing a greater stored charge over a longer period of time. Furthermore, it would be advantageous if the OER step in the process of water splitting could be driven in the dark over a longer period of time.
3
Given the above, it is clear that there exists a present need for novel photo- electrocatalysts that are capable of converting solar to chemical energy, store it as such, and release the stored energy once the source of irradiation has been removed. In addition, such a photo-electrocatalyst should be capable of being recharged with successive irradiation to afford it battery-like properties.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION It is accordingly an object of the present invention to provide a photo-electrocatalyst and/or semiconductor that overcomes, at least partially, the abovementioned problems and/or which will be a useful alternative to existing photo-electrocatalysts and/or semiconductors.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to a first aspect thereof, there is provided a cobalt tellurium oxide (CosTeOs) compound which retains an increased electro-active state induced by a preceding illumination step.
The cobalt tellurium oxide compound may retain an increased electro active stated induced during by the preceding illumination step for a period of at least 150 minutes after the illumination step has ceased.
4
According to a second aspect thereof, there is provided for the use of a cobalt tellurium oxide compound, according to the first aspect of the present invention, as a photo-electrocatalyst. The cobalt tellurium oxide compound may be used as a photo-electrocatalyst in a water splitting process. The cobalt tellurium oxide compound may be used as a photo-electrocatalyst in an electrochemical reaction.
The electrochemical reaction may be an oxygen evolution reaction in an electrolysis reaction for the production of hydrogen. The electrochemical reaction may also be an oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells which is used for the supply of electricity. According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided for the use of a cobalt tellurium oxide compound, according to the first aspect of the present invention, as a semiconductor.
It is envisaged that the cobalt tellurium oxide compound, when used as a semiconductor, may be used as an active material in a photovoltaic (PV) cell, whereby the material lends the PV cell battery-like characteristics in that it can be photocharged.
5
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided for the use of the cobalt tellurium oxide compound in a coating solution for a working electrode of an electrochemical reaction.
There is provided for the coating solution to be prepared by a process including the steps of: (i) dispersing 30 mg of the cobalt tellurium oxide in 1 cm? of ethylene glycol under ultrasonication for 60 minutes; (ii) adding 0.4 cm? of Nafion (sulfonated tetrafluorethylene) and 0.2 cm? of 0.1 mol.dm’3 NaOH were added to the suspension and sonicated for 60 minutes; (iii) Polishing glassy carbon electrode inserts (GCEs) with a 0.05 um alumina suspension; and (iv)placing an 0.1 cm? (or 10 pL) aliquot of the suspension onto the GCEs and drying thereof overnight at 70 °C.
According to a fifth aspect thereof, there is provided a metal tellurium oxide compound wherein the metal compound may be platinum and bismuth, and wherein the metal tellurium oxide retains an increased electro-active state induced by a preceding illumination step.
The above and other characteristics, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of the invention.
This description is given for the sake of example only, 6 without limiting the scope of the invention. The reference figures quoted below refer to the attached drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The present invention will now be described further, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein: Figure 1 shows the (a) UV-visible absorption spectra, and (b) Tauc plots of CTO-400 and CTO-900.; Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the photo-electrochemical cell employed; Figure 3 shows the current density-potential curves for (a) CTO-400, (b) CTO-700, (c) CTO-900 and (d) CTO-1100 (conditions: O2- purged 0.1 mol.dm3 KOH electrolyte under UV-light illumination, scan rate of 10 mV.s", at O rpm, 25 °C); Figure 4 Current density-potential curves of (a) CTO-400, (b) CTO-700, (c) CTO-900 and (d) CTO-1100 (conditions: Oz-purged 0.1 mol.dm3 KOH electrolyte under UV-light illumination, scan rate of 10 mV.s"1, at 1600 rpm, 25 °C); 7
Figure 5 shows current density vs. illumination time plots for CTO-400, CTO-700, CTO-900 and CTO-1100, at 1.8 V vs. RHE, for (a) O rom, and (b) 1600 rpm, in oxygen-purged 0.1 mol.dm3 KOH electrolyte at 25 °C; Figure 6 shows graphs pertaining to light on-off LSVs of (a) CTO-400, (b) CTO-700, (c) CTO-900 and (d) CTO-1100 (conditions: O2- purged 0.1 mol.dm-2 KOH electrolyte under UV-light illumination, scan rate of 10 mV.s™, at O rpm, 25 °C); Figure 7 shows graphs pertaining to light on-off LSVs of (a) CTO-400, (b) CTO-700, (c) CTO-900 and (d) CTO-1100 (conditions: O2- purged 0.1 moldm-3 KOH electrolyte under UV-light illumination, scan rate of 10 mV.s-1, at 1600 rpm, 25 °C); Figure 8 shows current density vs. light on-off time plots for all the photo- electrocatalysts at (a) O rpm, and (b) 1600 rpm, at 1.8 V vs. RHE, in oxygen-purged 0.1 mol.dm3 KOH electrolyte at 25 °C; and Figure 9 shows the photocurrent density-potential curve for a single europium-tellurium-oxide sample (sample CTO-900) in an O2 purged 0.1 M KOH solution after termination of UV illumination and at a working electrode rotation of 1600 rpm.
8
The presently disclosed subject matter will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying Examples, in which representative embodiments are shown. The presently disclosed subject matter can, however, be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the embodiments to those skilled in the art.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Synthesis of cobalt tellurium oxide compounds Cobalt tellurium oxide compounds were synthesized at different calcination temperatures by employing the sol-gel process as described in the publication by lgbal et al (Igbal, M. Z.; Carleschi, E.; Doyle, B. P.; Kriek, R. J. Photocharged Water Splitting Employing a Nickel (ll) Tellurium Oxide (Photo) anode in Alkaline Medium. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2019, 2 (11), 8125-8137). This was done by pouring 0.1 mol.dm’3 HsTeOs to 50 cm? of a 2:1 (v/v) ethanol-water mixture and stirring the resulting solution at 30 °C for 30 minutes. An amount of 0.2 mol.dm’3 Co(NOs)2.6H20 was added to this solution, followed by the addition of the chelating agent (0.6 mol.dm’3 3 citric acid) to facilitate effective solution mixing. The solution was allowed to stir for another 30 minutes after which a cross-linking agent (2.5 cm? ethylene glycol) was added to the mixture. The pH of the solution was adjusted to 11 by the addition of an ammonia solution. The solution was then heated 9 at 70 °C under constant stirring to obtain a gel, after which it was oven-dried overnight at 120 °C. The obtained powder was crushed by mortar and pestle, and heated in a furnace at 300 °C for 120 minutes.
The powder obtained was crushed again and separated into four samples. These samples were calcined at increasing temperatures of 400 °C (CTO-400), 700 °C (CTO-700), 900 °C (CTO-900) and 1100 °C (CTO-1100) for 300 minutes (5 hours). After calcination, the samples were collected, ground, and stored in a desiccator for further use and analysis (see below) , where the latter identified the compounds as CosTeOs. Analysis UV-VIS Figure 1a shows the UV-Vis absorption spectra of the CTO-400 and CTO-900 compounds. A prominent peak is observed at = 375 nm, with a red shift observed for CTO-900, calcined at a higher temperature. The occurrence of a small peak at ~460 nm was also noticeable for CTO-900, which could be attributed to the presence of a trace amount of Co304 on the surface of the compound. Tauc plots 10
Figure 1b shows the Tauc plots obtained for CTO-400 and CTO-900. The optical band gap (Eg) of the compounds were estimated from the Tauc plots (Figure 1b), according to Equation 1: (ahu)*2 = A(hu-Eg) (1) where Eg is the optical band gap, hu is the photonic energy, a is the absorption coefficient, and A is the proportionality constant for the material. From these data, the optical band gap of CTO-900 was estimated as 3.10 eV, which is indicative of the compound being UV-light active. This result was used in order to select the choice of lamp for further PEC studies. As such, a lamp that emits at 253.7 nm was selected for further studies. Electrocatalytic and photo-electrocatalytic measurements A catalyst 'ink' for (photo)electrocatalytic measurements was prepared by dissolving 30 mg of the (photo)electrocatalyst in 1 cm?® of ethylene glycol; followed by ultrasonication for 60 min. Afterwards, 0.4 cm3 of Nafion (sulfonated tetrafluorethylene) and 0.2 cm3 of 0.1 mol.dm3 NaOH solution were added to the suspension and sonicated for 60 minutes. Glassy carbon electrode inserts (GCESs) with a geometric surface area of 0.196 cm? were prepared by polishing them with a
0.05 um alumina suspension. A 0.1 cm? (or 10 pL) aliquot of the ink suspension was dropped onto GCEs with the aid of a micropipette, and dried overnight in a vacuum oven at 70 °C. Thereafter, the GCEs were cleaned sequentially in Milli-Q water, 11 ethanol and isopropanol under ultrasonication for 20 minutes each, subsequent to which the GCEs were dried by exposing them to a stream of nitrogen gas. Figure 2 shows an in-house built three-electrode jacketed electrochemical cell (manufactured from polypropylene) with a quartz tube slot to fit the UV lamp. The device was utilized in order to conduct electrochemical (EC) and photo- electrochemical (PEC) measurements. The EC and PEC activity measurements of the prepared (photo)electrocatalysts were performed by using separate inks to limit any contamination. For example, the presence of any carbon may inhibit light absorption of the compounds. The temperature was kept constant at 25 °C. A platinum wire and a Hg/HgO electrode were employed as the counter and reference electrodes, respectively. Electrocatalytic and photo-electrocatalytic measurements were performed on a rotating-disk working electrode (RDE) setup. The GCE was inserted into the RDE and linear polarization curves of the samples were recorded by employing a VSP double-channel potentiostat. A Philips UVC germicidal lamp (TUV PL-S 9W/2P) emitting short-wave UV radiation, with a sharp and dominant peak at 253.7 nm, was used as the light source {see discussion regarding lamp choice above).
EC and PEC measurements were conducted in O2-saturated 0.1 mol.dm3 KOH at °C at an RDE rotation speed of either O or 1600 rpm. The calibration of the Hg/HgO electrode vs. RHE (reversible hydrogen electrode) was conducted in a H2- saturated 0.1 mol dm KOH solution and was measured as -0.935 V vs. RHE. All 25 potentials were IR-corrected by employing Equation 2. 12
E(IR corrected)= Eapp -IR (2) Here | is the current, R is the ohmic resistance of the electrochemical cell, and Eapp is the applied potential. A single point high frequency impedance measurement was used to measure the ohmic resistance of the electrochemical cell (R), which generated 43.12 Q (CTO- 400), 42.34 Q (CTO-700), 40.62 Q (CTO-900) and 44.22 Q (CTO-1100) respectively, in a 0.1 mol dm KOH solution. Employing the OER as a model electrochemical reaction (equation 3), the EC and PEC activity of the material was probed by means of a series of linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) measurements, recorded in an alkaline medium (0.1 mol dm? KOH) at a scan rate of 10 mV.s'. Experiments were conducted from 0 to 1 V vs. Hg/HgO by rotating the RDE at either O or 1600 rpm.
40H > O2 + 2H20 + 4e (3) Figures 3a to 3d shows LSV curves obtained at a scan rate of 10 mV.s"1; rotation of O rpm; and temperature of 25 °C. From these figures, it can be seen that CTO-900 provided the highest current density value of 1.2 mA.cm2 after 150 minutes of UV- light illumination. Figures 4a to 4d shows LSV curves obtained at a scan rate of 10 mV.s"1; rotation of 1600 rpm; and temperature of 25 °C. From these figures, it can be seen that CTO- 13
900 provided the highest current density value of 4.3 mA.cm= after 150 minutes of UV-light illumination. Figure 3 and 4 clearly depict the greatest activity increase being observed for the CTO-900 sample. This is clearly evident when plotting the current densities, at 1.8 V (vs. RHE), for each (photo)electrocatalyst at different illumination times as seen in Figures 5a and 3b. From Figure 5a, and O rpm (absence of forced mass transfer), the PEC activity declined in the order of: CTO-900 > CTO-700 > CTO-1100 > CTO-400. From Figure 5b, and rotation of the working electrode at 1600 rpm (forced mass transfer), the PEC activity declined in the order of: CTO-900 > CTO-1100 > CTO-700 ~ CTO-400. Investigations into the photo-electrochemical properties of cobalt tellurium oxide compounds were performed by recording LSV curves under three different conditions, namely: (i) in the absence of any initial illumination, i.e. under an EC condition; (ii) under a PEC condition after 150 min of illumination; and (ii) under an EC condition, in the dark (from 10 — 40 min, with 10 min intervals), subsequent to a 150 min illumination time, at O rpm and 1600 rpm.
14
Figures 6 and 7 show the current density of the cobalt tellurium oxide compounds that have been placed under conditions as set out in (iii) above for O rpm and 1600 rpm, respectively. Figure 8 provides a summary of Figures 6 and 7, from which only a small increase is observed at O rpm. However, at 1600 rpm, a notable increase is observed for the current density of the CTO-900 compound. More specifically, there is more than a five-fold increase in the current density when comparing the CTO-900 compound that has been illuminated for 150 min to the non-illuminated EC current densities. It is to be understood that the enhanced PEC current after 150 min of illumination results from photo-induced charge separation that further results in an increased concentration of positive holes that contribute to the OER. It should further be noted that at 1600 rpm, the CTO-900 compound exhibits an active OER dark current that is 73% of the 150 min PEC-value after 10 minutes in the dark. After 40 minutes in the dark, this decreased to 67% of the 150 min PEC- value. However, the decrease still maintains a current density that is almost a four- fold increase compared to the non-illuminated EC current. Chronoamperometric experiment A chronoamperometric (CA) experiment was utilized to investigate the photo-induced charge storage by employing a sequential switching experiment in the presence of a sodium metal ion for the CTO-900 compound. The experiment was performed at 1 V (vs. Pt) in Nz-purged 0.1 mol.dm’3 Na2SO4 at 25 °C, with the termination of UV-light after every 10 minutes.
15
The results are summarized in Figure 9, which shows that the current density sharply increases after an induction period of 10 minutes, after which the same stabilizes after a period of approximately 150 minutes.
The charge storage capacity of the CTO-900 material was confirmed by the process of on- and off-switching of the UV- light not resulting in an immediate drop in current back to the baseline.
On permanent termination of the UV-light, an initial decrease can be observed in Figure 9, after which a slow discharge of the material can be observed over a prolonged period of time.
As such, Figure 9 would serve to indicate that the cobalt tellurium oxide, and more specifically the CTO-900 compound, is capable of facilitating the conversion of solar energy to chemical energy.
In addition, the same compound is capable of storing such energy and releasing it in the dark over time.
From the above, it has been shown that in the presence of light, cobalt tellurium oxides are capable of facilitating higher efficiency water splitting compared to pure EC water splitting, and also continues in the dark.
The properties of the cobalt tellurium oxides materials could also find application dye sensitized solar cells as photovoltaic cells, wherein solar energy is converted and stored electrochemically during daylight hours and returned to the grid during night- time hours. 16
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL2027004A NL2027004B1 (en) | 2020-11-27 | 2020-11-27 | Cobalt tellurium oxide as a photocharged electrocatalyst |
PCT/IB2021/060998 WO2022113007A1 (en) | 2020-11-27 | 2021-11-26 | Cobalt tellurium oxide as a photocharged electrocatalyst |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL2027004A NL2027004B1 (en) | 2020-11-27 | 2020-11-27 | Cobalt tellurium oxide as a photocharged electrocatalyst |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NL2027004B1 true NL2027004B1 (en) | 2022-07-04 |
Family
ID=74096022
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NL2027004A NL2027004B1 (en) | 2020-11-27 | 2020-11-27 | Cobalt tellurium oxide as a photocharged electrocatalyst |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
NL (1) | NL2027004B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2022113007A1 (en) |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2019239235A1 (en) | 2018-06-15 | 2019-12-19 | North-West University | Photo-sensitive electrochemical compounds |
-
2020
- 2020-11-27 NL NL2027004A patent/NL2027004B1/en active
-
2021
- 2021-11-26 WO PCT/IB2021/060998 patent/WO2022113007A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2019239235A1 (en) | 2018-06-15 | 2019-12-19 | North-West University | Photo-sensitive electrochemical compounds |
Non-Patent Citations (9)
Title |
---|
BOLUNDUT LIVIU ET AL: "Spectroscopic study of some new cobalt-doped tellurite glass-ceramics", JOURNAL OF MATERIAL SCIENCE, KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS, DORDRECHT, vol. 55, no. 23, 14 May 2020 (2020-05-14), pages 9962 - 9971, XP037144021, ISSN: 0022-2461, [retrieved on 20200514], DOI: 10.1007/S10853-020-04749-6 * |
FUJISHIMA, A.HONDA, K.: "Electrochemical photolysis of water at a semiconductor electrode", NATURE, vol. 238, no. 5358, 1972, pages 37 - 38, XP008046230, DOI: 10.1038/238037a0 |
IQBAL M. Z. ET AL: "Photocharged Water Splitting Employing a Nickel(II) Tellurium Oxide (Photo)anode in Alkaline Medium", ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS, vol. 2, no. 11, 25 November 2019 (2019-11-25), pages 8125 - 8137, XP055843219, ISSN: 2574-0962, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsaem.9b01597> DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.9b01597 * |
IQBAL, M. Z.CARLESCHI, E.DOYLE, B. P.KRIEK, R. J.: "Photocharged Water Splitting Employing a Nickel (II) Tellurium Oxide (Photo) anode in Alkaline Medium", ACS APPL. ENERGY MATER, vol. 2, no. 11, 2019, pages 8125 - 8137 |
ISASI J ED - BATTEZZATI LIVIO ET AL: "New MM'O"4 oxides derived from the rutile type: synthesis, structure and study of magnetic and electronic properties", JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS, ELSEVIER SEQUOIA, LAUSANNE, CH, vol. 322, no. 1-2, 28 June 2001 (2001-06-28), pages 89 - 96, XP004243358, ISSN: 0925-8388, DOI: 10.1016/S0925-8388(00)01495-X * |
LEE CHI-HUNG ET AL: "Complex magnetic incommensurability and electronic charge transfer through the ferroelectric transition in multiferroic Co3TeO6", SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, vol. 7, no. 1, 14 June 2017 (2017-06-14), XP055844184, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-06651-9.pdf> DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06651-9 * |
LOU, S. N.NG, Y. H.NG, C.SCOTT, J.AMAL, R.: "Harvesting, storing and utilising solar energy using Mo03: Modulating structural distortion through pH adjustment", CHEM. SUS. CHEM., vol. 7, no. 7, 2014, pages 1934 - 1941 |
M. Z. IQBALE. CARLESCHIB. P. DOYLER. J. KRIEK, ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS, vol. 2, no. 11, 2019, pages 8125 - 8137 |
NIKOLOVA V ET AL: "Electrocatalysts for bifunctional oxygen/air electrodes", JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES, ELSEVIER SA, CH, vol. 185, no. 2, 22 August 2008 (2008-08-22), pages 727 - 733, XP025672690, ISSN: 0378-7753, [retrieved on 20080822], DOI: 10.1016/J.JPOWSOUR.2008.08.031 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2022113007A1 (en) | 2022-06-02 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Bai et al. | A Cu2O/Cu2S-ZnO/CdS tandem photoelectrochemical cell for self-driven solar water splitting | |
Chen et al. | Nano-architecture and material designs for water splitting photoelectrodes | |
Abdi et al. | Efficient solar water splitting by enhanced charge separation in a bismuth vanadate-silicon tandem photoelectrode | |
Ren et al. | Photoactive g-C3N4/CuZIF-67 bifunctional electrocatalyst with staggered pn heterojunction for rechargeable Zn-air batteries | |
van de Krol et al. | Solar hydrogen production with nanostructured metal oxides | |
KR100766701B1 (en) | System for the production of hydrogen from water electrolysis using photoelectric cells | |
Wedege et al. | Solar redox flow batteries with organic redox couples in aqueous electrolytes: a minireview | |
Bu et al. | Rechargeable sunlight-promoted Zn-air battery constructed by bifunctional oxygen photoelectrodes: Energy-band switching between ZnO/Cu2O and ZnO/CuO in charge-discharge cycles | |
Zhang et al. | Glucose oxidation over ultrathin carbon-coated perovskite modified TiO 2 nanotube photonic crystals with high-efficiency electron generation and transfer for photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen production | |
US8188362B2 (en) | Photophysicochemical cell | |
CN107699901B (en) | Preparation method of zinc-iron-aluminum hydrotalcite/titanium dioxide composite membrane photo-anode for photoproduction cathodic protection | |
CN108579765B (en) | Preparation of copper sulfide/bismuth vanadate double-layer film composite material and application of copper sulfide/bismuth vanadate double-layer film composite material as photoelectric anode | |
CN105336498A (en) | Novel and stable g-C3N4/NiO photoelectric cathode preparation method | |
Lu et al. | Materials, performance, and system design for integrated solar flow batteries–A mini review | |
Chen et al. | A solar responsive cubic nanosized CuS/Cu2O/Cu photocathode with enhanced photoelectrochemical activity | |
Bhat et al. | All-solution-processed BiVO4/TiO2 photoanode with NiCo2O4 nanofiber cocatalyst for enhanced solar water oxidation | |
Hu et al. | Semiconductor for oxygen electrocatalysis in photo-assisted rechargeable zinc air batteries: Principles, Advances, and Opportunities | |
CN113293404B (en) | Heterojunction photo-anode material and preparation method and application thereof | |
CN109972149B (en) | Bi2Te3/Bi2O3/TiO2Preparation method of ternary heterojunction film | |
NL2027004B1 (en) | Cobalt tellurium oxide as a photocharged electrocatalyst | |
CN109081377B (en) | Three-dimensional molybdenum disulfide flower ball array and preparation method and application thereof | |
CN108063274B (en) | Novel sacrificial fuel cell, preparation method thereof and application of paired synthesis method in carbon dioxide recycling | |
CN115304099A (en) | Surface electron localized bismuth oxide nanosheet and application thereof in electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction and zinc-carbon dioxide battery | |
Sun et al. | Advanced photo-rechargeable lithium-and zinc-ion batteries: Progress and prospect | |
CN114277375A (en) | MnIn2S4/TiO2Nanotube bundle composite photoanode material and preparation method and application thereof |