NL2026796B1 - Parallel chain-based cross-chain transaction method, device, and blockchain system - Google Patents

Parallel chain-based cross-chain transaction method, device, and blockchain system Download PDF

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NL2026796B1
NL2026796B1 NL2026796A NL2026796A NL2026796B1 NL 2026796 B1 NL2026796 B1 NL 2026796B1 NL 2026796 A NL2026796 A NL 2026796A NL 2026796 A NL2026796 A NL 2026796A NL 2026796 B1 NL2026796 B1 NL 2026796B1
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transaction
chain
cross
initiating
target
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NL2026796A
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NL2026796A (en
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Wu Xianfeng
Li Dongyun
Bai Jie
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Jiangsu Aowei Holdings Co Ltd
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Abstract

A parallel chain-based cross-chain transaction method, device, and blockchain system are provided. The method include: determining a to-be-completed cross-chain transaction between a transaction initiating chain and a transaction target chain; instructing, based on the 5 cross-chain transaction, the transaction target chain to pay transaction content that is required by the transaction initiating chain for the cross-chain transaction, and when it is detected that the transaction target chain completes the payment, instructing the transaction initiating chain to pay transaction content that is required by the transaction target chain for the cross-chain transaction. In the present application, the parallel chain instructs the transaction initiating 10 chain and the transaction target chain to pay the transaction content that needs to be paid respectively, so as to complete the cross-chain transaction. Because a node in the parallel chain is a common node of the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain, the parallel chain may participate in a transaction of the transaction initiating chain and may also participate in a transaction of the transaction target chain. Using this characteristic, the parallel 15 chain regulates and controls in the middle during a transaction, and connects the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain, to implement a cross-chain transaction between different chains. In this way, a transaction of a blockchain is no longer limited in a single blockchain network.

Description

PARALLEL CHAIN-BASED CROSS-CHAIN TRANSACTION METHOD, DEVICE, AND BLOCKCHAIN SYSTEM FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present application relates to a technical field of blockchain, and in particular, toa parallel chain-based cross-chain transaction method, device, and blockchain system.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The blockchain provides decentralized system thinking whose most basic principle is creating a relatively objective non-repudiation digital environment in a manner of consensus. The blockchain technology may enable that network information cannot be modified once being issued. For example, if a transaction occurs in a blockchain network, a node in the blockchain network may record the transaction in a generated block, and then adds the block to a blockchain, and broadcasts the block in the whole network, to form an unchangeable blockchain. Therefore, the blockchain essentially is a distributed public ledger, comprises a plurality of data blocks, and is maintained by various nodes together. The nodes that maintain a same blockchain form a physical chain, such as a public chain, a private chain, a federated chain or the like. These nodes together form a peer-to-peer blockchain network.
[0003] The foregoing transaction not only refers to a conventional transaction, such as a commodity sale or objective exchange, but also includes a data operation result or data exchange. For example, a node 4 in a public chain initiates a transaction request, transaction content of which is that the node A pays 10 tokens to query a weather condition. A node B in the public chain provides a weather query service. If the node A pays 10 tokens to a corresponding account of the node B, and the node B sends the queried weather condition to the node A, the node 4 and the node B together complete the transaction request initiated by the node A. Paying 10 tokens and sending the weather condition may be considered as transaction information of the transaction to be recorded in a blockchain of the public chain.
[0004] With continuous development of the blockchain technology, more blockchain networks for different fields appear. Different blockchain networks differ from each other, for example, have different consensus mechanisms, and there is no unified and effective communication mechanism therebetween. Because a cross-chain transaction cannot be performed between the different blockchain networks, a transaction based on the blockchain is limited within a single blockchain network.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0005] The present application provides a parallel chain-based cross-chain transaction method, device, and blockchain system, and may be used to resolve a problem in the prior art that a transaction based on a blockchain is limited within a single blockchain network because a cross-chain transaction cannot be performed between different blockchain networks.
[0006] According to a first aspect, the present application provides a parallel chain-based cross-chain transaction method, where the method includes:
[0007] determining a to-be-completed cross-chain transaction between a transaction initiating chain and a transaction target chain;
[0008] instructing, based on the cross-chain transaction, the transaction target chain to pay transaction content that is required by the transaction initiating chain for the cross-chain transaction; and
[0009] instructing the transaction initiating chain to pay transaction content that is required by the transaction target chain for the cross-chain transaction when it is detected that the transaction target chain completes the payment.
[0010] Optionally, the instructing the transaction target chain to pay transaction content that is required by the transaction initiating chain for the cross-chain transaction includes:
[0011] invoking a smart contract for execution of the transaction target chain, to generate a first transaction instruction, where the first transaction instruction is used to inform the transaction target chain to pay the transaction content that is required by the transaction initiating chain for the cross-chain transaction; and
[0012] sending the first transaction instruction to the transaction target chain, so that the transaction target chain verifies the first transaction instruction and pays the transaction content that is required by the transaction initiating chain.
[0013] Optionally, the instructing the transaction initiating chain to pay transaction content that is required by the transaction target chain for the cross-chain transaction includes:
[0014] invoking a smart contract for execution of the transaction initiating chain, to generate a second transaction instruction, where the second transaction instruction is used to inform the transaction initiating chain to pay the transaction content that is required by the 5S transaction target chain for the cross-chain transaction; and
[0015] sending the second transaction instruction to the transaction initiating chain, so that the transaction initiating chain verifies the second transaction instruction and pays the transaction content that is required by the transaction target chain.
[0016] Optionally, the determining a to-be-completed cross-chain transaction between a transaction initiating chain and a transaction target chain includes:
[0017] obtaining the cross-chain transaction initiated by the transaction initiating chain;
[0018] detecting whether the cross-chain transaction is recorded in a blockchain of a parallel chain; and
[0019] determining the cross-chain transaction as a to-be-completed cross-chain transaction, if it is detected that the cross-chain transaction is not recorded in the blockchain of the parallel chain.
[0020] Optionally, the method further includes:
[0021] obtaining a blockchain of the transaction initiating chain or the transaction target chain; and
[0022] updating a blockchain of a parallel chain based on the blockchain of the transaction initiating chain or the transaction target chain.
[0023] Optionally, the updating a blockchain of a parallel chain includes:
[0024] generating digest information based on the blockchain of the transaction initiating chain or the transaction target chain, where the digest information is used to indicate a transaction recorded in the blockchain of the transaction initiating chain or the transaction target chain; and
[0025] generating a block including the digest information, and adding the block to the blockchain of the parallel chain.
[0026] According to a second aspect, the present application provides a parallel chain-based blockchain cross-chain transaction device, where the device is deployed in a node of a parallel chain, and includes:
[0027] a transaction determining module, configured to determine a to-be-completed cross-chain transaction between a transaction initiating chain and a transaction target chain; and
[0028] a transaction instructing module, configured to instruct, based on the cross-chain transaction, the transaction target chain to pay transaction content that is required by the transaction initiating chain for the cross-chain transaction; and instruct the transaction initiating chain to pay transaction content that is required by the transaction target chain for the cross-chain transaction when it is detected that the transaction target chain completes the IO payment.
[0029] According to a third aspect, the present application provides a parallel chain-based blockchain system, where the blockchain system includes a transaction initiating chain, a parallel chain, and a transaction target chain; the parallel chain comprises common nodes shared by the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain;
[0030] the parallel chain is configured to: determine a to-be-completed cross-chain transaction between the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain; instruct, based on the cross-chain transaction, the transaction target chain to pay transaction content that is required by the transaction initiating chain for the cross-chain transaction; and instruct the transaction initiating chain to pay transaction content that is required by the transaction target chain for the cross-chain transaction when it is detected that the transaction target chain completes the payment;
[0031] the transaction target chain is configured to pay, based on the instruction of the parallel chain, the transaction content that is required by the transaction initiating chain for the cross-chain transaction; and
[0032] the transaction initiating chain is configured to pay, based on the instruction of the parallel chain, the transaction content that is required by the transaction target chain for the cross-chain transaction.
[0033] In solutions provided in the present application, the parallel chain instructs, based on the cross-chain transaction, the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain to pay the transaction content that needs to be paid respectively, so as to complete the cross-chain transaction. Because the node in the parallel chain is a common node of the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain, the parallel chain may participate in a transaction of the transaction initiating chain and may also participate in a transaction of the transaction target chain. Using this characteristic, the parallel chain regulates and controls 5 in the middle during a transaction, and connects the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain, thus overcoming differences between the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain, to implement a cross-chain transaction between different chains. In this way, a transaction of a blockchain is no longer limited in a single blockchain network.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0034] To more clearly describe the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the accompanying drawings required in the description of the embodiments are briefly illustrated below. Apparently, the accompanying drawings in the description below are merely some embodiments of the present application, and other accompanying drawings may also be obtained by one of ordinary skills in the art according to these accompanying drawings without an effective effort.
[0035] FIG 1 is a schematic diagram of network architectures between a transaction initiating chain, a transaction target chain, and a parallel chain;
[0036] FIG 2 is a schematic flowchart of a parallel chain-based cross-chain transaction according to an exemplary embodiment;
[0037] FIG 3 is a flowchart of determining a to-be-completed cross-chain transaction by a parallel chain according to an exemplary embodiment;
[0038] FIG 4 is a schematic flowchart of instructing a transaction target chain to pay transaction content by a parallel chain according to an exemplary embodiment;
[0039] FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of instructing a transaction initiating chain to pay transaction content by a parallel chain according to an exemplary embodiment; and
[0040] FIG 6 is a block diagram of a parallel chain-based cross-chain transaction device according to an exemplary embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0041] Embodiments are described below in detail, and examples thereof are shown in the accompanying drawings. When the descriptions below relate to the accompanying drawings, unless otherwise stated, same numbers in different accompanying drawings indicate same or similar elements. Implementations described in the following embodiments do not represent all implementations consistent with the present application. Merely examples of a system and a method that are described in detail in the claims and in accordance with some aspects of the present application are provided.
[0042] In technical solutions provided in the present application, a blockchain network refers to a peer-to-peer network composed of blockchain nodes. The blockchain network can perform distributed storage, public consensus, digital encryption, transaction accounting, and verifications. Data information in the blockchain or in a blockchain block is transaction information recorded by a node of the blockchain based on a transaction record when the transaction occurs in the blockchain network. One block includes transaction information of a plurality of transactions, and a plurality of blocks further form a blockchain. A node in the I5 blockchain network may be a physical node, such as a terminal or a server, or may be a virtual node. On the basis of a same consensus mechanism, nodes in the same blockchain network communicate with each other and maintain running of the blockchain network.
[0043] In the present application, a transaction initiating chain, a transaction target chain, and a parallel chain all refer to different blockchain networks that conform to a blockchain technology. The transaction initiating chain refers to a blockchain network that initiates a cross-chain transaction, and the transaction target chain is a blockchain network where a transaction object for the cross-chain transaction is located. The transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain are independent blockchain networks, such as bitcoin and Ethereum, or an industry chain and a federated chain developed in different industries, or even different private chains or public chains. These independent blockchain networks differ from each other, for example, have different consensus mechanisms, and therefore cannot communicate or transact with each other. Therefore, in the technical solutions provided in the present application, the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain are connected through a parallel chain.
[0044] In the present application, the parallel chain comprises common nodes shared by the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain. Because the nodes in the parallel chain are the common nodes shared by the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain, the parallel chain has functions of both the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain, and stores blockchains of the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain. Therefore, the parallel chain may convert information in the blockchain network at one side, and transmits the information to the blockchain network at another side. Through a bridging function of the parallel chain, the transaction initiating chain may communicate or transact with the transaction target chain.
[0045] For example, as shown in FIG 1, FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of network architectures between a transaction initiating chain, a transaction target chain, and a parallel chain. A node 101 of the parallel chain, as a common node shared by a transaction initiating chain 11 and a transaction target chain 12, may be connected to and communicate with a node 111 over the transaction initiating chain, and may also be connected to and communicate with a node 121 in the transaction target chain.
[0046] Referring to FIG 2, FIG 2 exemplarily shows a schematic flowchart of a parallel chain-based cross-chain transaction method according to the present application. The method includes the following steps.
[0047] S20: Determine a to-be-completed cross-chain transaction between a transaction initiating chain and a transaction target chain.
[0048] In a solution provided in the present application, a cross-chain transaction between the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain needs to be completed through a parallel chain. Therefore, the to-be-completed cross-chain transaction between the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain is determined by the parallel chain. The to-be-completed cross-chain transaction refers to a cross-chain transaction that has been sent to the parallel chain but is not completed yet, and includes information relevant to the transaction, such as address information and transaction conditions for both parties of the transaction, and transaction contents that needs to be paid by both parties of the transaction. A transaction means that both parties of the transaction pay, according to a transaction condition, transaction content required by the respective parties. Therefore, one cross-chain transaction actually includes two sub-transactions. One of the two sub-transactions is that the transaction initiating chain pays transaction content required by the transaction target chain to the transaction target chain. The other of the two sub-transactions is that the transaction target chain pays transaction content required by the transaction initiating chain to the transaction initiating chain. Therefore, to complete the cross-chain transaction, the two sub-transactions inthe cross-chain transaction need to be completed.
[0049] For example, a cross-chain transaction between a transaction initiating chain 4 and a transaction target chain B is exchanging 50 tokens a of the transaction initiating chain 4 for five tokens & of the transaction target chain B. In this case, the cross-chain transaction actually includes two sub-transactions which respectively are that: the transaction initiating chain pays 50 tokens A to the transaction target chain; and the transaction target chain pays five tokens 4 to the transaction initiating chain.
[0050] Further, as shown in FIG 3, the foregoing step S20 of determining, by the parallel chain, the to-be-completed cross-chain transaction between the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain includes the following sub-steps.
[0051] S201: Obtain the cross-chain transaction initiated by the transaction initiating chain.
[0052] S202: Detect whether the cross-chain transaction is recorded in a blockchain of the parallel chain.
[0053] S203: If it is detected that the cross-chain transaction is not recorded in the blockchain of the parallel chain, determine the cross-chain transaction as a to-be-completed cross-chain transaction.
[0054] To determine the to-be-completed cross-chain transaction, the parallel chain first needs to obtain the cross-chain transaction. In a blockchain network, a node that initiates a transaction is referred to as a transaction node. A transaction node in the transaction initiating chain initiates a cross-chain transaction, and broadcasts the cross-chain transaction over the transaction initiating chain. Correspondingly, if a node in the parallel chain receives the cross-chain transaction, the parallel chain obtains the cross-chain transaction initiated by the transaction initiating chain.
[0055] In an embodiment of the present application, because the cross-chain transaction initiated by the transaction initiating chain actually includes two sub-transactions, the parallel chain is required to instruct the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain to complete the two sub-transactions. Therefore, there are two manners for the transaction initiating chain to initiate the cross-chain transaction.
[0056] According to the first manner, the transaction initiating chain initiates a transaction request to initiate the cross-chain transaction. The transaction request includes merely information relevant to the cross-chain transaction, such as a transaction condition and address information of both parties of the transaction. The transaction node sends the transaction request to the parallel chain. Correspondingly, the parallel chain determines the corresponding cross-chain transaction based on the information in the transaction request.
[0057] According to the second manner, the transaction initiating chain initiates a triggering transaction to initiate the cross-chain transaction. The triggering transaction is a special transaction, which has a transaction form the same as a normal transaction in the transaction initiating chain and in which a specific transaction manner needs to be specially agreed, such as a transaction agreeing that an amount of tokens to be transferred is 0. The transaction initiating chain initiates the triggering transaction, and a transaction object is a smart contract for the cross-chain transaction. A node completing the triggering transaction generates a transaction result by triggering the smart contract for the cross-chain transaction. The transaction result includes the information relevant to the cross-chain transaction. A node in the transaction initiating chain generates and adds a block including the transaction result to the blockchain, and broadcasts the block. Correspondingly, the parallel chain determines the cross-chain transaction initiated by the transaction initiating chain after obtaining the transaction result in the block.
[0058] For example, the transaction initiating chain initiates a triggering transaction. The triggering transaction is paying one token to the smart contract for the cross-chain transaction. Moreover, the triggering transaction includes the information relevant to the cross-chain transaction. A node completing the triggering transaction executes the smart contract for the cross-chain transaction, generates and adds a block including a transaction result to the blockchain, and broadcasts the block. Correspondingly, due to the triggering transaction completed by this node, one token that is paid, in the triggering transaction, to the smart contract for the cross-chain transaction is obtained to serve as a token for awarding.
[0059] Blockchains stored in the parallel chain include a blockchain of the transaction initiating chain and a blockchain of the transaction target chain. Moreover, the blockchains of the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain record transactions that are completed by the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain, respectively. Therefore, the parallel chain may detect whether the cross-chain transaction is recorded in the blockchain of the parallel chain, to determine whether the cross-chain transaction is completed. If the cross-chain transaction is recorded in the blockchain of the parallel chain, it is determined that the cross-chain transaction has been completed. If the cross-chain transaction is not recorded in the blockchain of the parallel chain, it is determined that the cross-chain transaction is to be completed. That the cross-chain transaction is recorded in the blockchain of the parallel chain refers to that the two sub-transactions in the cross-chain transaction are both recorded in the blockchain of the parallel chain.
[0060] For example, the cross-chain transaction between the transaction initiating chain 4 and the transaction target chain B is exchanging 50 tokens a of the transaction initiating chain A for five tokens b of the transaction target chain B. In this case, the parallel chain detects, in the blockchain of the parallel chain, whether it is recorded that the transaction initiating chain A pays 50 tokens a to the transaction target chain B and whether it is recorded that the transaction target chain B pays five tokens # to the transaction initiating chain A.
[0061] In another embodiment, the parallel chain may determine the to-be-completed cross-chain transaction by invoking a smart contract for query. Because the cross-chain transaction includes two sub-transactions, the parallel chain may respectively query the two sub-transactions through the respective smart contracts for query of the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain. For the sub-transaction that needs to be completed by the transaction initiating chain, the parallel chain invokes the smart contract for query in the transaction initiating chain, to query whether the sub-transaction is completed. For the sub-transaction that needs to be completed by the transaction target chain, the parallel chain invokes the smart contract for query in the transaction target chain, to query whether the sub-transaction is completed.
[0062] In a possible implementation, the transaction node first initiates a query transaction before initiating the cross-chain transaction. The query transaction includes the transaction content required by the transaction initiating chain and transaction content that can be paid by the transaction initiating chain. The parallel chain determines, based on the query transaction, whether the transaction target chain can transact with the transaction initiating chain. If the transaction target chain has a target node that can transact with the transaction node, the parallel chain sends relevant information of the target node, such as address information and a transaction condition of the target node, to the transaction node. The transaction node initiates the cross-chain transaction based on the relevant information of the target node.
[0063] For example, a transaction node Al hopes to exchange 50 tokens a of the transaction initiating chain A for five tokens & of the transaction target chain B. Therefore, the transaction node Al initiates a query transaction. Based on the query transaction, the parallel chain determines that the transaction node A1 requires five tokens A and may pay 50 tokens A. The parallel chain queries, based on content of the query transaction, whether the transaction target chain B has a target node B1 that can transact with the transaction node A1. One node in the transaction target chain B requires 50 tokens A, and is willing to pay at most seven tokens 4. In this case, the parallel chain takes this node as a target node, and sends relevant information of the target node to the transaction node Al. The transaction node Al initiates the cross-chain transaction based on the relevant information of the target node B1.
[0064] In another possible implementation, the transaction node directly initiates the cross-chain transaction. The cross-chain transaction also includes the transaction content required by the transaction initiating chain and the transaction content that can be paid by the transaction initiating chain, but does not indicate the target node that serves as a transaction object. The parallel chain determines, based on the cross-chain transaction, whether the transaction target chain can transact with the transaction initiating chain. If the transaction target chain has a target node that can transact with the transaction node, the parallel chain directly performs subsequent steps of the cross-chain transaction. If the transaction target chain does not have a target node that can transact with the transaction node, the parallel chain notifies the transaction node that the transaction fails.
[0065] S21: Instruct the transaction target chain to pay transaction content that is required by the transaction initiating chain for the cross-chain transaction.
[0066] After determining the to-be-completed cross-chain transaction, the parallel chain first instructs, based on the to-be-completed cross-chain transaction, the transaction target chain to pay the transaction content that is required by the transaction initiating chain for the cross-chain transaction. Specifically, Because the node in the parallel chain is also a node in the transaction target chain, the parallel chain has complete functions of the transaction target chain, and may directly invoke a smart contract for execution of the transaction target chain to instruct the transaction target chain to pay the transaction content that is required by the transaction initiating chain for the cross-chain transaction. The parallel chain invokes the smart contract for execution of the transaction target chain, and a maintainer node in the transaction target chain performs a corresponding sub-transaction, that is, paying the transaction content that is required by the transaction initiating chain for the cross-chain transaction. The maintainer node is a node that is in the blockchain network and is responsible for maintaining the blockchain, and has a right of accounting. After the corresponding sub-transaction is completed, the maintainer node in the transaction target chain may record the sub-transaction in a generated block. The transaction target chain is synchronous with a block of the parallel chain. In other words, the parallel chain synchronizes the blockchain of the transaction target chain.
[0067] Further, as shown in FIG 4, the foregoing step S21 of instructing, by the parallel chain, the transaction target chain to pay the transaction content that is required by the transaction initiating chain for the cross-chain transaction includes the following sub-steps.
[0068] S211: The parallel chain invokes a smart contract for execution of the transaction target chain, to generate a first transaction instruction.
[0069] S212: The parallel chain sends the first transaction instruction to the transaction target chain.
[0070] S213: The transaction target chain pays the transaction content that is required by the transaction initiating chain for the cross-chain transaction.
[0071] The parallel chain invokes the smart contract for execution of the transaction target chain, to generate the first transaction instruction. The first transaction instruction is used to inform the transaction target chain to pay the transaction content that is required by the transaction initiating chain for the cross-chain transaction. Therefore, the first transaction instruction includes information relevant to the payment, such as address information, and specific transaction content that needs to be paid. The parallel chain sends the first transaction instruction to the transaction target chain, that is, broadcasts the first transaction instruction over the transaction target chain. After receiving the first transaction instruction, a maintainer node in the transaction initiating chain verifies the first transaction instruction, pays the transaction content that is required by the transaction initiating chain for the cross-chain transaction, and records in a generated block. The transaction initiating chain broadcasts the generated block, and a consensus is reached in nodes of the transaction initiating chain, to confirm that the payment is completed.
[0072] In a technical solution provided in the present application, there are generally two types of cross-chain transactions: token exchange and information service. The token exchange refers to exchanging tokens of the transaction initiating chain for tokens of the transaction target chain. The information service refers to that the transaction initiating chain pays a certain amount of tokens to the transaction target chain, to purchase corresponding information data that is sent to the transaction initiating chain by the transaction target chain; or the transaction initiating chain sends information data to the transaction target chain, to exchange for a certain amount of tokens. However, both the token exchange and the information service are data operations and or data operation results. For example, when the transaction initiating chain pays a certain amount of tokens of the transaction initiating chain to the transaction target chain, the maintainer node actually transfers a certain amount of tokens from a corresponding account of the transaction node to a corresponding account of the target node. Because the tokens of the transaction initiating chain are paid, the transferring operation is performed in the transaction initiating chain, without involving a cross-chain operation between the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain. Therefore, after the maintainer node determines address information, transaction conditions, and other information of the accounts of the transaction node and the target node, the payment of the transaction content between the transaction node and the target node may be performed.
[0073] For example, the cross-chain transaction is an information service. The transaction initiating chain A pays 50 tokens a of the transaction initiating chain A to the transaction target chain B, to purchase weather information provided by the transaction target chain B. Transaction content which the parallel chain instructs the transaction target chain B to pay is specific weather information. A maintainer node B2 in the transaction target chain B sends,
based on address information of the transaction node A1, the specific weather information to a corresponding account of the transaction node A1 in the transaction initiating chain A.
[0074] It should be noted that in the to-be-completed cross-chain transaction, a case may occur that the transaction target chain has already paid the corresponding transaction content but the transaction initiating chain does not make a payment. For such a to-be-completed cross-chain transaction, the parallel chain does not perform step S21 but directly performs step S22.
[0075] S22: When it is detected that the transaction target chain completes the payment, instruct the transaction initiating chain to pay transaction content that is required by the transaction target chain for the cross-chain transaction.
[0076] After instructing the transaction target chain to pay the transaction content that is required by the transaction initiating chain, the parallel chain needs to detect whether the transaction target chain completes the payment. Only when the transaction target chain completes the payment, the parallel chain can instruct the transaction initiating chain to pay the transaction content that is required by the transaction target chain for the cross-chain transaction. The maintainer node in the transaction target chain may record the paid transaction content in the generated block, and broadcast the blockchain in the transaction target chain. Therefore, the parallel chain may detect, based on the blockchain that is of the transaction target chain and is synchronized in the blockchain of the parallel chain, whether the transaction target chain completes the payment.
[0077] In another embodiment of the present application, the parallel chain may invoke a smart contract for query of the transaction target chain to detect whether the transaction target chain completes the payment. The manner of detecting, based on the blockchain of the parallel chain, whether the transaction target chain completes the payment requires the parallel chain to first synchronize with the blockchain of the transaction target chain. When the transaction target chain has already paid the transaction content but the parallel chain does not synchronize with the blockchain of the transaction target chain, the parallel chain cannot learn about that the transaction target chain has already completed the payment. However, the parallel chain may query by invoking the smart contract for query, so as to more quickly determine that the transaction target chain has already completed the payment, and improve efficiency of the cross-chain transaction.
[0078] Similar to the manner of instructing, by the parallel chain, the transaction target chain to pay the transaction content, because the node in the parallel chain is also a node in the transaction initiating chain, the parallel chain has complete functions of the transaction initiating chain, and may directly invoke a smart contract for execution of the transaction initiating chain to instruct the transaction initiating chain to pay the transaction content that is required by the transaction initiating chain for the cross-chain transaction. Specifically, the parallel chain invokes the smart contract for execution of the transaction initiating chain, and the maintainer node in the transaction initiating chain completes a corresponding IO sub-transaction, that is, paying the transaction content that is required by the transaction target chain. After the corresponding sub-transaction is completed, the maintainer node in the transaction initiating chain may record the sub-transaction in a generated block. The transaction initiating chain is synchronous with a block of the parallel chain. In other words, the parallel chain synchronizes with the blockchain of the transaction initiating chain.
[0079] After the transaction initiating chain completes the payment, the parallel chain may detect the blockchain of the parallel chain or invoke a smart contract for query of the transaction initiating chain to determine whether the transaction initiating chain has completed the payment, so as to determine that the cross-chain transaction is completed.
[0080] Further, as shown in FIG 5, the foregoing step S22 of instructing, by the parallel chain, the transaction initiating chain to pay the transaction content that is required by the transaction target chain for the cross-chain transaction includes the following sub-steps.
[0081] S221: The parallel chain invokes a smart contract for execution of the transaction initiating chain, to generate a second transaction instruction.
[0082] S222: The parallel chain sends the second transaction instruction to the transaction initiating chain.
[0083] S223: The transaction initiating chain pays the transaction content that is required by the transaction target chain for the cross-chain transaction.
[0084] The parallel chain invokes the smart contract for execution of the transaction initiating chain, to generate the second transaction instruction. Because the second transaction instruction is used to inform the transaction initiating chain to pay the transaction content that is required by the transaction target chain, the second transaction instruction includes information relevant to the payment, such as address information, and specific transaction content that needs to be paid. The parallel chain sends the second transaction instruction to the transaction target chain, that is, broadcasts the second transaction instruction over the transaction target chain. After receiving the second transaction instruction, the maintainer node in the transaction initiating chain verifies the second transaction instruction, pays the transaction content that is required by the transaction initiating chain, and records the transaction in a generated block. The transaction target chain broadcasts the generated block, and a consensus is reached in nodes of the transaction target chain, to confirm that the IO payment is completed.
[0085] For example, the cross-chain transaction is an information service. The transaction initiating chain A pays 50 tokens a of the transaction initiating chain 4 to the transaction target chain B, to purchase the weather information provided by the transaction target chain B. Transaction content which the parallel chain instructs the transaction initiating chain 4 to pay is 50 tokens a. A maintainer node in the transaction initiating chain A pays 50 tokens a to the target node B1 in the transaction target chain B based on the address information in the second transaction instruction.
[0086] In a possible implementation, when paying the transaction content that is required by the transaction initiating chain, the transaction target chain may lock the transaction content. After determining that the transaction initiating chain has completed the payment, the parallel chain sends the information that the transaction initiating chain has completed the payment to the transaction target chain. After determining that the transaction initiating chain pays the transaction content that is required by the transaction target chain, the transaction target chain unlock the transaction content paid by the transaction target chain. Through the locking of the transaction content, losses to the transaction initiating chain caused by that the transaction initiating chain does not pay the corresponding transaction content, thus achieving non-repeating transaction effects.
[0087] In an embodiment of the present application, the parallel chain instructs, based on the cross-chain transaction, the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain to pay the transaction content that needs to be paid respectively, so as to complete the cross-chain transaction. Because the node in the parallel chain is a common node shared by the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain, the parallel chain may participate in a transaction of the transaction initiating chain and may also participate in a transaction of the transaction target chain. Using this characteristic, the parallel chain regulates and controls in the middle during a transaction, and connects the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain, thus overcoming differences between the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain, to implement a cross-chain transaction between different chains. In this way, a transaction of a blockchain is no longer limited in a single blockchain network.
[0088] In a technical solution provided in the present application, for the cross-chain transaction, the parallel chain may synchronize with the blockchains of the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain, to update the blockchain of the parallel chain. Because the node in the parallel chain is a common node of the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain, the parallel chain may directly obtain the blockchain of the transaction initiating chain or the transaction target chain, and update the blockchain of the parallel chain. Specifically, in the technical solution provided in the present application, there are two manners for updating the blockchain of the parallel chain.
[0089] In a possible implementation, for a blockchain network that is connected through the parallel chain, the parallel chain uses a same consensus mechanism with the blockchain network to synchronously update the blockchain of the parallel chain. The node in the parallel chain, serving as a node in the blockchain network, uses a manner same to that of another node to update the blockchain. The blockchain of the parallel chain is same as a blockchain of the blockchain network.
[0090] In another possible implementation, for a blockchain network that is connected through the parallel chain, the blockchain of the parallel chain only records digest information of a transaction in the blockchain network. Specifically, after obtaining the blockchain of the transaction initiating chain or the transaction target chain, the parallel chain generates digest information based on the blockchain of the transaction initiating chain or the transaction target chain. The digest information is used to indicate a transaction recorded in the blockchain of the corresponding blockchain network. The parallel chain further generates a block including the digest information, and adds the block to the blockchain of the parallel chain, to update the blockchain of the parallel chain. By recording the digest information, a data volume that needs to be stored by the parallel chain is reduced, and less storage space of the parallel chain is occupied.
[0091] Device embodiments in accordance with the present application are described below, and may be used to implement the method embodiments of the present application. For details that are not disclosed in the device embodiments of the present application, reference may be made to the method embodiments of the present application.
[0092] FIG 6 is a block diagram of a parallel chain-based cross-chain transaction device according to an exemplary embodiment. The device may be deployed in a node of a parallel chain, and has functions of implementing the foregoing method embodiments. The functions may be implemented by hardware, or may be implemented by executing corresponding software through the hardware. The device may include a transaction determining module 601 and a transaction instructing module 602.
[0093] The transaction determining module 601 is configured to determine a to-be-completed cross-chain transaction between a transaction initiating chain and a transaction target chain.
[0094] The transaction instructing module 602 is configured to instruct, based on the cross-chain transaction, the transaction target chain to pay transaction content that is required by the transaction initiating chain for the cross-chain transaction; and when it is detected that the transaction target chain completes the payment, instruct the transaction initiating chain to pay transaction content that is required by the transaction target chain for the cross-chain transaction.
[0095] In the device provided in an embodiment of the present application, the parallel chain instructs, based on the cross-chain transaction, the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain to pay the transaction content that needs to be paid respectively, so as to complete the cross-chain transaction. Because the node in the parallel chain is a common node of the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain, the parallel chain may participate in a transaction of the transaction initiating chain and may also participate in a transaction of the transaction target chain. Using this characteristic, the parallel chain regulates and controls in the middle during a transaction, and connects the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain, thus overcoming differences between the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain, to implement a cross-chain transaction between different chains. In this way, a transaction of a blockchain is no longer limited in a single blockchain network.
[0096] Optionally, the transaction instructing module 602 is specifically configured to: invoke a smart contract for execution of the transaction target chain, to generate a first transaction instruction, where the first transaction instruction is used to inform the transaction target chain to pay the transaction content that is required by the transaction initiating chain for the cross-chain transaction; and send the first transaction instruction to the transaction target chain, so that the transaction target chain verifies the first transaction instruction and pays the transaction content that is required by the transaction initiating chain.
[0097] Optionally, the transaction instructing module 602 is specifically configured to: invoke a smart contract for execution of the transaction initiating chain, to generate a second transaction instruction, where the second transaction instruction is used to inform the transaction initiating chain to pay the transaction content that is required by the transaction target chain for the cross-chain transaction; and send the second transaction instruction to the transaction target chain, so that the transaction initiating chain verifies the second transaction instruction and pays the transaction content that is required by the transaction target chain.
[0098] Optionally, the transaction determining module 601 is specifically configured to: obtain the cross-chain transaction initiated by the transaction initiating chain; detect whether the cross-chain transaction is recorded in a blockchain of a parallel chain; and when it is detected that the cross-chain transaction is not recorded in the blockchain of the parallel chain, determine the cross-chain transaction as a to-be-completed cross-chain transaction.
[0099] Optionally, the device further includes a block updating module.
[00100] The block updating module is configured to obtain a blockchain of the transaction initiating chain or the transaction target chain; and update a blockchain of a parallel chain based on the blockchain of the transaction initiating chain or the transaction target chain.
[00101] Optionally, the block updating module is specifically configured to: generate digest information based on the blockchain of the transaction initiating chain or the transaction target chain, where the digest information is used to indicate a transaction recorded in the blockchain of the transaction initiating chain or the transaction target chain; and generate a block including the digest information, and add the block to the blockchain of the parallel chain.
[00102] On the basis of the foregoing transaction method, the present application further provides a parallel chain-based blockchain system. The system includes a transaction initiating chain, a parallel chain, and a transaction target chain. The parallel chain comprises common nodes shared by the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain.
[00103] The parallel chain is configured to: determine a to-be-completed cross-chain transaction between the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain; instruct, based on the cross-chain transaction, the transaction target chain to pay transaction content that is required by the transaction initiating chain for the cross-chain transaction; and when it is detected that the transaction target chain completes the payment, instruct the transaction initiating chain to pay transaction content that is required by the transaction target chain for the cross-chain transaction.
[00104] The transaction target chain is configured to pay, based on the instruction of the parallel chain, the transaction content that is required by the transaction initiating chain for the cross-chain transaction.
[00105] The transaction initiating chain is configured to pay, based on the instruction of the parallel chain, the transaction content that is required by the transaction target chain for the cross-chain transaction.
[00106] In the blockchain system provided in the present application, the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain are connected through the parallel chain; and pay, based on the instructions of the parallel chain, the transaction content that needs to be paid respectively, so as to complete the cross-chain transaction. Because a node in the parallel chain is a common node of the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain, the parallel chain may participate in a transaction of the transaction initiating chain and may also participate in a transaction of the transaction target chain. Using this characteristic, the parallel chain regulates and controls in the middle during a transaction, and connects the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain, thus overcoming differences between the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain, to implement a cross-chain transaction between different chains. In this way, a transaction of a blockchain is no longer limited in a single blockchain network.
[00107] A person skilled in the art may clearly learn that the technology in the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented through software in combination with a necessary general hardware platform. On the basis of such understanding, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention essentially or parts of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention that attribute to the prior art can be represented in software products. A computer software product can be stored in the storage IO medium, such as a ROM/RAM, a magnetic disk, a compact disc, or the like, and includes a plurality of instructions to enable a computer device (may be a personal computer, a server, a network device, or the like) to perform the method in all embodiments or in some embodiments of the present invention.
[00108] For same or similar parts between the embodiments in this specification, reference may be made to each other. In addition, in the description of the present application, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more than two. In addition, for ease of clearly describing the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, in the embodiments of the present application, words such as "first" and "second" are used to distinguish same or similar items with basically the same functions. A person skilled in the art may understand that the words such as "first" and "second" do not limit an amount and an execution order, and the words such as "first" and "second" do not necessarily mean that the items are different.
[00109] The foregoing implementations of the present application do not constitute any limitation on the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (8)

ConclusiesConclusions 1. Een parallelle ketengebaseerde cross-chain transactiemethode, bestaande uit: het bepalen van een in te vullen ketenoverschrijdende transactie tussen een transactie-initiérende keten en een transactiedoelketen; het instrueren, op basis van de cross-chain transactie, van de transactiedoelketen om transactie-inhoud te betalen die vereist is door de transactie-initiërende ketting voor de cross-chain transactie; en het instrueren van de transactie-initiërende keten om transactie-inhoud te betalen die vereist is door de transactiedoelketen voor de cross-chain transactie wanneer wordt gedetecteerd dat de transactiedoelketen de betaling voltooit.A parallel chain-based cross-chain transaction method, comprising: determining a cross-chain transaction to be completed between a transaction initiating chain and a transaction target chain; instructing, based on the cross-chain transaction, the transaction target chain to pay transaction content required by the transaction initiating chain for the cross-chain transaction; and instructing the transaction initiating chain to pay transaction content required by the transaction target chain for the cross-chain transaction when it detects that the transaction target chain completes the payment. 2. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 1, waarbij het instrueren van de transactiedoelketen om transactie-inhoud te betalen die vereist is door de transactie-initiérende ketting voor de ketenoverschrijdende transactie omvat: het aanroepen van een slim contract voor uitvoering van de transactiedoelketen, om een eerste transactie-instructie te genereren voor het informeren van de transactiedoelketen om de transactie-inhoud te betalen die vereist is door de transactie- initiërende ketting voor de cross-chain transactie; en het verzenden van de eerste transactie-instructie naar de transactiedoelketen, zodat de transactiedoelketen de eerste transactie-instructie verifieert en de transactie-inhoud betaalt die vereist is door de transactie-initiérende ketting.The method of claim 1, wherein instructing the transaction target chain to pay transaction content required by the transaction initiating chain for the cross-chain transaction comprises: invoking a smart contract to execute the transaction target chain to pay a first transaction - generate an instruction for informing the transaction target chain to pay for the transaction content required by the transaction initiating chain for the cross-chain transaction; and sending the first transaction instruction to the transaction target chain such that the transaction target chain verifies the first transaction instruction and pays for the transaction content required by the transaction initiating chain. 3. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 1, waarbij het instrueren van de transactie-initiérende keten om transactie-inhoud te betalen die vereist is door de transactiedoelketen voor de ketenoverschrijdende transactie, omvat: het aanroepen van een slim contract voor het uitvoeren van de transactie-initiërende ketting, om een tweede transactie-instructie te genereren voor het informeren van de transactie-initiërende ketting om de transactie-inhoud te betalen die vereist is door de transactiedoelketen voor de cross-chain transactie; en het verzenden van de tweede transactie-instructie naar de transactie-initiërende ketting, zodat de transactie-initiërende ketting de tweede transactie-instructie verifieert en de transactie-inhoud betaalt die vereist is door de transactiedoelketen.The method of claim 1, wherein instructing the transaction initiating chain to pay transaction content required by the transaction target chain for the cross-chain transaction comprises: invoking a smart contract to execute the transaction initiating chain to generate a second transaction instruction for informing the transaction initiating chain to pay for the transaction content required by the transaction target chain for the cross-chain transaction; and sending the second transaction instruction to the transaction initiating chain such that the transaction initiating chain verifies the second transaction instruction and pays for the transaction content required by the transaction target chain. 4. Werkwijze volgens een van de conclusies 1 tot en met 3, waarbij het bepalen van een te voltooien ketenoverschrijdende transactie tussen een transactie-initiërende keten en een transactiedoelketen omvat:A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein determining a cross-chain transaction to be completed between a transaction initiating chain and a transaction target chain comprises: het verkrijgen van de cross-chain transactie geinitieerd door de transactie-initi€rende ketting; het detecteren of de cross-chain-transactie is vastgelegd in een blockchain van een parallelle ketting; en het bepalen van de cross-chain-transactie als een te voltooien cross-chain-transactie, als wordt gedetecteerd dat de cross-chain-transactie niet is geregistreerd in de blockchain van de parallelle keten.obtaining the cross-chain transaction initiated by the transaction-initiating chain; detecting whether the cross-chain transaction is recorded in a parallel chain blockchain; and determining the cross-chain transaction as a cross-chain transaction to be completed if it is detected that the cross-chain transaction is not registered in the blockchain of the parallel chain. 5. Werkwijze volgens een van de conclusies 1 tot en met 3, waarbij de werkwijze verder omvat: het verkrijgen van een blockchain van de transactie-initiërende keten of de transactiedoelketen; en het bijwerken van een blockchain van een parallelle keten op basis van de blockchain van de transactie-initiërende ketting of de transactiedoelketen.The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, the method further comprising: obtaining a blockchain from the transaction initiating chain or the transaction target chain; and updating a blockchain of a parallel chain based on the blockchain of the transaction initiating chain or the transaction target chain. 6. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 5, waarbij het bijwerken van een blockchain van een parallelle keten omvat: het genereren van verwerkte informatie (“digest-information”) op basis van de blockchain van de transactie-initiërende keten of de transactiedoelketen, waarbij de verwerkte informatie wordt gebruikt om een transactie aan te duiden die is geregistreerd in de blockchain van de transactie-initiërende ketting of de transactiedoelketen; en het genereren en toevoegen van een blok dat de verwerkte informatie bevat aan de blockchain van de parallelle keten.The method of claim 5, wherein updating a blockchain of a parallel chain comprises: generating processed information ("digest-information") based on the blockchain of the transaction initiating chain or the transaction target chain, wherein the processed information is used to denote a transaction registered in the blockchain of the transaction initiating chain or the transaction target chain; and generating and adding a block containing the processed information to the blockchain of the parallel chain. 7. Een op een parallelle keten gebaseerd blockchain cross-chain transactie-apparaat, waarbij het apparaat wordt ingezet in een knooppunt van een parallelle keten, en omvat: een transactiebepalingsmodule, geconfigureerd om een te voltooien cross-chain transactie tussen een transactie-initiërende ketting en een transactiedoelketen te bepalen; en een transactie-instructiemodule, geconfigureerd om, op basis van de cross-chain transactie, de transactiedoelketen te instrueren om transactie-inhoud te betalen die vereist is door de transactie-initiërende ketting voor de cross-chain transactie; en om de transactie-initiërende keten te instrueren om transactie-inhoud te betalen die vereist is door de transactiedoelketen voor de cross-chain transactie wanneer wordt gedetecteerd dat de transactiedoelketen de betaling voltooit.A parallel chain based blockchain cross-chain transaction device, wherein the device is deployed in a node of a parallel chain, and comprises: a transaction determination module, configured to complete a cross-chain transaction between a transaction initiating chain and determine a transaction target chain; and a transaction instructing module configured to instruct, based on the cross-chain transaction, the transaction target chain to pay transaction content required by the transaction initiating chain for the cross-chain transaction; and to instruct the transaction initiating chain to pay transaction content required by the transaction target chain for the cross-chain transaction when it detects that the transaction target chain completes the payment. 8. Een op een parallelle keten gebaseerd blockchainsysteem, waarbij het blockchainsysteem een transactie-initiérende keten, een parallelle keten en een transactiedoelketen omvat, waarbij de parallelle keten gemeenschappelijke knooppunten omvat die worden gedeeld door de transactie-initiërende keten en de transactiedoelketen; de parallelle keten is geconfigureerd om: een te voltooien cross-chain transactie tussen de transactie-initiërende ketting en de transactiedoelketen te bepalen; op basis van de cross-chain transactie, de transactiedoelketen te instrueren om transactie-inhoud te betalen die vereist is door de transactie-initiërende ketting voor de cross-chain transactie; en de transactie-initiërende keten te instrueren om transactie-inhoud te betalen die vereist is door de transactiedoelketen voor de cross-chain transactie wanneer wordt gedetecteerd dat de transactiedoelketen de betaling voltooit; de transactiedoelketen is geconfigureerd om, op basis van de instructie van de parallelle keten, de transactie-inhoud te betalen die vereist is door de transactie- initiërende keten voor de cross-chain transactie; en de transactie-initiërende keten is geconfigureerd om, op basis van de instructie van de parallelle keten, de transactie-inhoud te betalen die vereist is door de transactiedoelketen voor de cross-chain transactie.A blockchain system based on a parallel chain, the blockchain system comprising a transaction initiating chain, a parallel chain, and a transaction target chain, the parallel chain including common nodes shared by the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain; the parallel chain is configured to: determine a cross-chain transaction to be completed between the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain; based on the cross-chain transaction, instruct the transaction target chain to pay transaction content required by the transaction initiating chain for the cross-chain transaction; and instruct the transaction initiating chain to pay transaction content required by the transaction target chain for the cross-chain transaction when it detects that the transaction target chain completes the payment; the transaction target chain is configured to pay, based on the instruction of the parallel chain, the transaction content required by the transaction initiating chain for the cross-chain transaction; and the transaction initiating chain is configured to pay, based on the instruction of the parallel chain, the transaction content required by the transaction target chain for the cross-chain transaction.
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