NL2026439B1 - A method of providing a combustion engine assembly capable of running on hydrogen gas - Google Patents
A method of providing a combustion engine assembly capable of running on hydrogen gas Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NL2026439B1 NL2026439B1 NL2026439A NL2026439A NL2026439B1 NL 2026439 B1 NL2026439 B1 NL 2026439B1 NL 2026439 A NL2026439 A NL 2026439A NL 2026439 A NL2026439 A NL 2026439A NL 2026439 B1 NL2026439 B1 NL 2026439B1
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- NL
- Netherlands
- Prior art keywords
- hydrogen
- cylinder
- combustion engine
- plug
- location
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
- F02D19/0639—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels
- F02D19/0642—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions
- F02D19/0644—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions the gaseous fuel being hydrogen, ammonia or carbon monoxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
- F02D19/066—Retrofit of secondary fuel supply systems; Conversion of engines to operate on multiple fuels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
- F02D19/0663—Details on the fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
- F02D19/0686—Injectors
- F02D19/0689—Injectors for in-cylinder direct injection
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D41/0027—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures the fuel being gaseous
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
- F02M21/0206—Non-hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. hydrogen, ammonia or carbon monoxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
- F02M21/0248—Injectors
- F02M21/0275—Injectors for in-cylinder direct injection, e.g. injector combined with spark plug
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
- F02M21/0248—Injectors
- F02M21/0281—Adapters, sockets or the like to mount injection valves onto engines; Fuel guiding passages between injectors and the air intake system or the combustion chamber
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
- F02M21/029—Arrangement on engines or vehicle bodies; Conversion to gaseous fuel supply systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P15/00—Electric spark ignition having characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F02P1/00 - F02P13/00 and combined with layout of ignition circuits
- F02P15/006—Ignition installations combined with other systems, e.g. fuel injection
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2400/00—Control systems adapted for specific engine types; Special features of engine control systems not otherwise provided for; Power supply, connectors or cabling for engine control systems
- F02D2400/11—After-sales modification devices designed to be used to modify an engine afterwards
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P19/00—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition
- F02P19/02—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
Abstract
A method of providing a combustion engine assembly comprising a combustion engine having at least one cylinder cylinder comprising a location for receiving a glow plug and comprising a location for an injection plug. To adapt an engine designed to run on diesel to run on hydrogen, a location chosen from i) the location for the glow plug, and ii) the location for the injection plug, is provided with an injection plug for injecting hydrogen. The engine also provided with a means for igniting hydrogen injected into the cylinder.
Description
A method of providing a combustion engine assembly capable of running on hydrogen gas The present invention relates to a method of providing a combustion engine assembly, said combustion engine assembly comprising a combustion engine having at least one cylinder comprising a piston for operating at a maximum pressure of at least 300 bar and capable of running on a gaseous fuel, said cylinder comprising a location for receiving a glow plug and comprising a location for an injection plug.
It is known in the art to convert diesel engines to engines that run on a gaseous fuel (which in the present application is a fuel that is a gas at room temperature and 1 atmosphere). In use, gaseous fuel such as methane or hydrogen is introduced into the cylinder and combusted as such or as a mixture with diesel.
Hydrogen is a gas that 1s believed to have great potential for the future, given that it allows to run the combustion engine with a reduced exhaust of the greenhouse gas CO,. Compared to batteries ~ it has a relatively high energy content per kg of storage space, and — it has a relatively high energy content per volume of storage space.
It is known in the art to operate a vehicle on hydrogen using a fuel cell, but this involves complex and expensive technology. It also doesn't provide a solution for the millions of diesel vehicles, in particular trucks, that are already on the road. Plus, there is a great deal of knowledge on the manufacture of diesel engines which is no longer made use of.
The object of the present invention is to provide a method to adapt an engine designed to run on diesel to run on hydrogen.
To this end, a method according to the preamble is characterized in that the combustion engine is a diesel engine, and a location chosen from 1) the location for the glow plug, and ii) the location for the injection plug, is provided with an injection plug, said injection plug comprising - an inlet for hydrogen, - an outlet for injecting hydrogen into the cylinder, and ~ a control valve between the inlet and the outlet, said control valve being arranged for controlling the injection of the hydrogen into the cylinder; and the engine is provided with a means for igniting hydrogen injected into the cylinder.
The above method allows the conversion of a diesel engine to run on hydrogen, advantageously by replacing the glow plug with the injection plug.
The method allows for continued use of manufacturing lines for new diesel engines.
The method also allows for the conversion of an existing (used) diesel engine to operate on hydrogen. It is not necessary to physically alter the cylinder, in particular no machining is necessary, nor is it necessary to extract the diesel engine from a vehicle it is mounted in when converting it to run on hydrogen, thus saving significant cost.
Thus, in one important embodiment the invention relates to providing a vehicle comprising the combustion engine assembly, wherein the vehicle is modified as specified in claim 1, so as to allow said vehicle to run on hydrogen.
When the vehicle is run on hydrogen, hydrogen will be injected using the injection plug while the piston of the cylinder is near its top dead centre point (typically between -2 to +5°).
Hydrogen may be transported in liquefied form, in a cryogenic tank with which the vehicle is provided. The liquid hydrogen will be vaporized before introduction into the cylinder.
According to a favourable embodiment, the injection plug comprises the means for igniting hydrogen injected into the cylinder.
This allows for a easy conversion of an engine designed for running on diesel fuel.
According to a favourable embodiment, the combustion engine assembly comprises a control unit capable of — receiving at least one input from i) the gas pedal, ii} speed control unit, iii) a rotating body chosen from ~ a drive shaft, — a cam shaft, and — a fly wheel, said rotating body being indicative of the orientation of the piston of the cylinder; and — controlling the valve based on the input.
The speed control unit is for example a cruise control unit.
Typically the control unit will also receive input from a transmission (which gear the transmission is in).
According to a favourable embodiment, the combustion engine assembly comprises a pump connected to the input.
The pump serves to increase the pressure of hydrogen gas to a pressure suitable for injecting into the cylinder. Said pressure is for example at least 800 bar, preferably at least 1200 bar, more preferably at least 1500 bar such as at least 1850 bar.
In the present application, all pressures in bar are gauge pressures unless indicated to the contrary.
It is advantageous if there is a buffer tank between the pump and the inlet, allowing for a more constant hydrogen pressure supplied to the plug.
Conveniently the gas is supplied to a common rail, so all plugs are provided with hydrogen at the same temperature and pressure. The plugs comprise a valve for releasing the hydrogen into the cylinder.
According to a favourable embodiment, a heat exchanger is provided between the pump and the cylinder, as well as at least one sensor for measuring at least one parameter chosen from — the temperature, and ~ the pressure; of the hydrogen between the pump and the cylinder, wherein said at least one sensor is connected to a control unit to control the amount of hydrogen to be injected into the cylinder taking said at least one parameter into account.
This allows for cooling compressed hydrogen gas and thus increasing the amount that can be injected into the cylinder. The heat exchanger will typically be connected to a circuit with a coolant. The heat will be discharged to ambient air using a liquid-air heat exchanger.
According to a favourable embodiment, the combustion engine assembly comprises a hydrogen storage tank capable of storing hydrogen at a pressure of at least 200 bar, preferably at least 350 bar and more preferably at least 550 bar.
A high pressure in the storage tank allows for a longer range and/or make it easier to achieve the required hydrogen injection pressure by a pump.
According to a favourable embodiment, the location for the glow plug is provided with the injection plug, said injection plug comprising a glow element.
This allows to operate the combustion engine on diesel also, for example in regions where hydrogen is not available as fuel. Diesel fuel will be injected via the existing diesel injection plugs.
The present invention will now be illustrated with reference to the drawing where Fig. 1 shows schematically a vehicle; Fig. 2 shows a cross-sectional view through a plug for the vehicle of Fig. 1; and Fig. 3 shows a detail in cross-section through the hydrogen injection plug of Fig. 2.
Fig. 1 shows schematically a vehicle 170 comprising a combustion engine assembly 100, said combustion engine assembly 100 comprising a combustion engine 110 and having at least one cylinder 120 (here four) comprising a piston (not shown) for operating at a maximum pressure of at least 300 bar and capable of running on diesel and/or hydrogen as desired.
The diesel will be held in a diesel tank 180 and passed by a diesel pump 181 to a common rail 182 for diesel. Valves 183 are controlled to time the discharge of diesel into the cylinders 120.
The hydrogen will be held in a hydrogen tank 190 and passed by a high pressure gas pump 191 to a common rail 192 for hydrogen. A heat exchanger 194 is provided to remove at least part of the heat generated by compressing the hydrogen to a pressure of for example 1200 Bar. A buffer tank 195 is provided to achieve a more even hydrogen pressure, which helps in the smooth control over the engine by the control unit 102. Valves 193 are controlled by the control unit 102 to time the discharge of hydrogen into the cylinders 120.
In the combustion engine 110 the original glow plug has been replaced by an injection plug that will be discussed hereinafter.
The combustion engine assembly 100 comprises a shaft detector 101 used to provide input to a control unit 102 necessary for timing the injection of diesel and/or hydrogen.
The control unit 102 also receives input from the gas pedal detector 103.
Fig. 2 shows a cross-sectional view through a hydrogen injection plug 200 for the combustion engine 110 of the vehicle 170 of Fig. 1.
The plug 200 comprises a plug body 201 comprising a channel 210 for hydrogen, said channel 210 having an inlet 211 for hydrogen and an outlet 212 for injecting hydrogen into the cylinder 120. The plug 200 comprises a control valve 220 between the inlet 211 5 and the outlet 212, said valve 220 controlled by control unit 102 via lead 250 provides for the timed injection of the hydrogen into the cylinder 120. The plug 200 also comprises a means 230 for igniting hydrogen injected into the cylinder, here ignition electrodes 230°", said ignition electrodes 230' being in electrical contact with contact electrodes 240 as are known for spark plugs for petrol engines and under control of the control unit 102. Fig. 3 shows a cross-sectional view through a detail of the hydrogen injection plug 200 of Fig. 2. The plug 200 comprises a glow ring 350 for operating on diesel, as is known for glow plugs in the art. The power for the glow ring is provided via lead 260 (Fig. 2) and is controlled by the control unit
102.
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL2026439A NL2026439B1 (en) | 2020-09-10 | 2020-09-10 | A method of providing a combustion engine assembly capable of running on hydrogen gas |
PCT/NL2021/050544 WO2022055347A1 (en) | 2020-09-10 | 2021-09-08 | A method of providing a combustion engine assembly capable of running on hydrogen gas |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL2026439A NL2026439B1 (en) | 2020-09-10 | 2020-09-10 | A method of providing a combustion engine assembly capable of running on hydrogen gas |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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NL2026439B1 true NL2026439B1 (en) | 2022-05-09 |
Family
ID=78463866
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NL2026439A NL2026439B1 (en) | 2020-09-10 | 2020-09-10 | A method of providing a combustion engine assembly capable of running on hydrogen gas |
Country Status (2)
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NL (1) | NL2026439B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2022055347A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005103467A1 (en) * | 2004-04-20 | 2005-11-03 | David Lange | System and method for operating an internal combustion engine with hydrogen blended with conventional fossil fuels |
DE102005009961A1 (en) * | 2005-03-04 | 2006-12-21 | Kastriot Merlaku | The power booster for an internal combustion motor, using an electrolysis unit, has oxygen and hydrogen tanks for injection into the motor combustion chambers through valves and jets |
CA2524146C (en) * | 2005-11-18 | 2008-05-13 | Westport Research Inc. | Direct injection internal combustion engine and method of making and operating same |
EP2578848A1 (en) * | 2010-05-24 | 2013-04-10 | Village Road Co., Ltd. | Post installable type gas fuel supply kit which can be installed in internal combustion engines using liquid fuel |
US20190085776A1 (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2019-03-21 | American Gas & Technology | Diesel to natural gas conversion system |
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2020
- 2020-09-10 NL NL2026439A patent/NL2026439B1/en active
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2021
- 2021-09-08 WO PCT/NL2021/050544 patent/WO2022055347A1/en active Application Filing
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WO2022055347A1 (en) | 2022-03-17 |
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