NL2026060B1 - Replenishing system and method of replenishing a liquid into a pressurized liquid circulating system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a replenishing system, comprising: an input that is configured to be arranged in liquid connection with a pressurized liquid supply; a replenishing output that is configured to be arranged in liquid connection with a pressurized liquid circulating system; and a collector that is arranged between the input and the replenishing output and that comprises a gas extractor. The invention further relates to a method of replenishing a liquid into a pressurized liquid circulating system, comprising the steps of: allowing liquid to enter the replenishing system, thereby filling a collector that is arranged between an input and a replenishing output of the replenishing system; extracting gas out of said liquid in said collector; and allowing liquid to flow from the pressurized liquid supply through the replenishing system and into the pressurized liquid circulating system to set a pre-determined operating pressure in the pressurized liquid circulating system.

Description

Replenishing system and method of replenishing a liquid into a pressurized liquid circulating system The present invention relates to a replenishing system and to a method of replenishing a liquid into a pressurized liquid circulating system.

Pressurized Hquid circulating systems are normally designed to operate at a specific operating pressure. Replenishing may be required on a regular basis in order to maintain the operating pressure within a predetermined range, and compensate for any pressure losses that may occur over time. For replenishing the pressurized liquid circulating system, it may be temporarily connected to a pressurized liquid supply. Liquid may then flow from the pressurized liquid supply into the pressurized liquid circulating system to raise a pressure of the liquid contained therein.

Although a pressurized liquid circulating system is not limited to systems using water as a liquid, the present inventions is especially suitable for — and described in relation to — heating and cooling systems using water as a heat-transfer medium, also called hydronic systems. The water of a hydronic system may be liquid water, gaseous water (steam) or a water solution (usually glycol with water).

Also most hydronic systems are designed to operate at a specific operating pressure, which especially applies to hydronic systems that use liquid water or a water solution as a heat transfer medium. Consequently, replenishing may be required on a regular basis in order to maintain the desired operating pressure, and compensate for any pressure losses that may occur over time, e.g. due to small leaks or evaporation.

A disadvantage of many prior art replenishing systems is the undesirable introduction of gas into the pressurized liquid circulating system when replenishing the system with liquid. This introduction of gas may be caused by a column of gas being pushed into the pressurized liquid circulating system, or alternatively by the introduction of gas-rich fluid, typically gas-rich water, especially if a turbulent flow prevents degassing prior to the introduction into the system.

Introduction of a column of gas may be clarified based on the steps performed when replenishing a central heating system. During such a replenishing, a hose is temporarily arranged between the water mains system, that defines the pressurized liquid supply, and the central heating system, that defines the pressurized liquid circulating system. At first, this hose is empty, and consequently it will contain ambient air. Once closed off from the environment, a valve of the water mains system may be opened, now partially filling the hose with water due to the water pressure in the water mains system, and also compressing the air trapped inside said hose. After opening a further valve between the hose and the central heating system, the pressure in the water mains system will force water to flow from the water mains system into the central heating system, The air that was trapped in the hose when it was connected between the water mains system and the central heating system is now also forced into the central heating system along with the replenishing water.

Although it may be undesirable to introduce a column of air into the central heating system, said same column of air also fulfills a very important — and potentially legally required — function. After all, since a hydronic system is a closed system, any system water contained therein will be unsafe for human consumption. Serious health risks may arise when water from the central heating system would come into contact with the potable water in the water mains system. For this reason, European regulation requires a free distance, also known as air gap, to be present between the liquid in the pressurized liquid supply and the liquid in the pressurized liquid circulating system.

An objective of the present invention is to provide a replenishing system and replenishment method, that is improved relative to the prior art and wherein at least one of the above stated problems is obviated or alleviated.

Said objective is achieved with the replenishing system according to the present invention, comprising: - an input that is configured to be arranged in liquid connection with a pressurized liquid supply; - a replenishing output that is configured to be arranged in liquid connection with a pressurized liquid circulating system; and - a collector that is arranged between the input and the replenishing output and that comprises a gas extractor. Using the gas extractor, gas present in the liquid contained in the replenishing system, in particular in the collector thereof, may be extracted out of the liquid before said liquid is successively introduced into the pressurized liquid circulating system. The replenishing system according to the invention thereby allows a replenishing of a pressurized liquid circulating system with a significantly reduced introduction of gas. Especially gas present to provide an initial air gap, may be effectively extracted. It is however remarked that the liquid itself may also contain gas, e.g.

in the case of water, and consequently liquid flowing from the pressurized liquid supply into the pressurized liquid circulating system may still introduce some gas into the pressurized liquid circulating system.

Preferred embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims. According to a first preferred embodiment, the gas extractor is arranged at an upper end of the collector. In this way the gas extractor, that may comprise a gas accumulator according to a further preferred embodiment, may extract the gas that will have a tendency to rise in the liquid. By arranging the gas extractor, and in particular the gas accumulator, at an upper end of the collector, gas present in the liquid may accumulate above a liquid level inside the collector.

According to an even further preferred embodiment, the replenishing system may further comprise a drainage output that is configured to be arranged in liquid connection with a drain and a drain valve configured to selectively open or close off said drainage output. By draining the replenishing system, in particular the collector thereof, gas present therein may be forced out of the replenishing system. Although effective, using liquid provided by the pressurized liquid supply to force gas out of the replenishing system by draining thereof, inevitably requires liquid to be wasted during the replenishing action.

In order to facilitate draining of the collector, the gas extractor may comprise, according to an even further preferred embodiment, an aerator configured to allow ambient air to enter the collector and thereby prevent an underpressure to occur during draining of the collector.

According to an even further preferred embodiment, the collector is an upward extending conduit or vessel. It is remarked that upward extending may be slanted and comprising {5 atleast an upward component, whereas — even more preferably — the upward extending conduit is an upright extending conduit or vessel, wherein upright is interpreted as substantially vertical. An upward, or even more preferably an upright, extending collector facilitates the natural of process of gas rising inside the liquid, and thereby promotes the extraction of gas out of said liquid.

According to an even further preferred embodiment, the replenishing system further comprises a safety conduit that is extending in a sloping direction away from the collector. This safety conduit is arranged between the collector and the replenishing output. A sloping direction of said safety conduit is guarantees that a liquid connection between the liquid in the pressurized liquid circulating system and the liquid in the pressurized liquid supply, e.g. a mains water supply, is physically broken. In this way a liquid connection is prevented, even in the unlikely situation of a failure of a valve.

According to an even further preferred embodiment, the safety conduit is extending in a downward sloping direction away from the collector. When the collector is drained and the liquid level in the collector drops to a level below a connection of the safety conduit to the collector, any liquid that may be still present in the collector will be physically disconnected from any water in the safety conduit.

According to an even further preferred embodiment, the safety conduit is extending in an upward sloping direction away from the collector. This arrangement has the additional advantage that liquid will automatically drain from said safety conduit if a drain valve, which is normally open, is in an open state.

According to an even further preferred embodiment, the replenishing system further comprises a water hammer arrestor, and optionally a shock absorber, e.g. for noise reduction.

Although a conventional water hammer arrestor may be applied, the water hammer arrestor may comprise, according to an even further preferred embodiment: - a housing supporting one or more than one non-return valve configured to prevent a backflow from the pressurized liquid circulating system through the water hammer arrestor towards the pressurized liquid supply; - wherein said housing is configured to move upstream over a limited range when the one or more than one non-return valve is exposed to the backflow; and - wherein a spring is configured to restrict and absorb the movement of the housing. The spring is preferably configured to restrict and absorb the movement of the housing until the differential pressure on both sides of the none-return valve is negligible. The housing may be arranged in a conduit, and may move a limited range relative to said conduit to absorb the water hammer. In this way, a backflow preventer is integrated with a water hammer arrestor, providing a compact and effective solution. Although one one-return valve is enough under normal circumstances, preferably at least two non-return valves are arranged inside the housing to provide additional safety in case one non-return valve would leak.

The pressurized liquid supply may be a water mains system, and the pressurized liquid circulating system may be a hydronic system.

Although the replenishing system may be an assembly of different parts, a very user-friendly embodiment is obtained if features of the replenishing system as described in this application are comprised in a housing of a replenishment device, wherein the input is configured to be arranged in liquid connection with the pressurized liquid supply, and wherein the replenishing output is configured to be arranged in liquid connection with the pressurized liquid circulating system.

The objective is also achieved with the method of replenishing a liquid into a pressurized liquid circulating system according to the present invention,, comprising the steps of: - allowing liquid to enter the replenishing system, thereby filling a collector that is arranged between an input and a replenishing output of the replenishing system; - extracting gas out of said liquid in said collector; and - allowing liquid to flow from the pressurized liquid supply through the replenishing system and into the pressurized liquid circulating system to set a pre-determined operating pressure in the pressurized liquid circulating system. Using this method, especially gas present to provide an initial air gap, may be effectively extracted. Consequently, the amount of gas introduced into the pressurized liquid circulating system during replenishing thereof may be significantly reduced. According to a preferred embodiment of the method, the step of extracting gas out of said liquid comprises extracting substantially all gas originating from an initial air gap between 5 the liquid of the pressurized liquid supply and the liquid of the pressurized liquid circulating system out of said liquid to provide a liquid connection between the liquid of the pressurized liquid supply and the liquid of the pressurized liquid circulating system. The initial air gap is an air gap present between the liquid of the pressurized liquid circulating system and the liquid of the pressurized liquid supply prior to the replenishing action, as also required by (European) regulations. The invention proposes to extract the gas present in said initial air gap to thereby significantly reduce the amount of gas introduced into the pressurized liquid circulating system during a replenishing thereof.

The replenishing system according to the invention may be installed one time, after which it may be maintained in a connected state. However, at least for the first ime use, the method of replenishing may be preceded by the steps of: - connecting an input of a replenishing system to a pressurized liquid supply; and - connecting a replenishing output of the replenishing system to the pressurized liquid circulating system.

According to an even further preferred embodiment of the method, it further comprises the step of stopping liquid to flow from the pressurized liquid supply through the replenishing system and into the pressurized liquid circulating system after a pre-determined operating pressure in the pressurized liquid circulating system is set. Replenishing is stopped when the desired operating pressure is reached, and may be repeated over time if the pressure drops to below a pre-determined threshold.

As already mentioned above, the liquid itself may also contain gas, e.g. in the case of water, and consequently liquid flowing from the pressurized liquid supply into the pressurized liquid circulating system may still introduce some gas into the pressurized liquid circulating system. In order to extract also gasses out of gas-rich water, it is proposed to replenish the pressurized liquid circulating system step-by-step, in each step allowing gas to be extracted out of the liquid. The method therefore may comprise, according to an even further preferred embodiment, replenishing of the pressurized liquid circulating system in at least two stages by alternating the steps of: - allowing liquid to enter the replenishing system, thereby filling a collector that is arranged between an input and a replenishing output of the replenishing system; and - extracting gas out of said liquid in said collector.

According to an even further preferred embodiment of the method, it further comprises the step of draining liquid via a drainage output of the replenishing system, thereby at least partially emptying the upward extending conduit of the gas extractor.

According to an even further preferred embodiment of the method, it further comprises the step of lowering a liquid level in said upward extending conduit till below a connection to a safety conduit that is extending away from the upward extending conduit in a sloping direction. If the liquid level in the collector drops to a level below the connection of the safety conduit to the collector, any liquid that may be still present in the collector will be physically disconnected from any water in the safety conduit. In this way, safety is guaranteed, even in the unlikely situation of a valve failure.

According to an even further preferred embodiment of the method, it further comprises the step of aerating the replenishing system to promote draining of liquid out of the collector.

According to an even further preferred embodiment of the method, the step of extracting gas out of said liquid comprises the step of accumulating said extracted gas in a gas accumulator, and the step of draining liquid via a drainage output of the replenishing system comprises the step of forcing the draining of said liquid by an overpressure of the gas in the gas accumulator. If the collector is an upward or upright extending conduit or vessel, it will already drain due to gravity. As described above, an aerator may allow air into the system to prevent any underpressure (or vacuum) to prevent this draining. However, an even more preferred embodiment is obtained if the extracted gas is accumulated in the collector, in particular in the gas accumulator, under pressure. This pressure may promote draining by forcing the liquid out of the collector once a drainage valve is opened.

According to an even further preferred embodiment of the method, it comprises the step of using a replenishing system according to the present invention.

The replenishing system may further comprises a controller, and the invention may further relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising computer readable instructions that, when executed, cause a controller to perform the method of the method according to the invention.

The various aspects and features described and shown in the specification can be applied, individually, wherever possible. These individual aspects, and in particular the aspects and features described in the attached dependent claims, such as the water hammer arrestor having a housing and a spring, may be an invention in its own right that is related to a different problem relative to the prior art.

In the following description preferred embodiments of the present invention are further elucidated with reference to the drawing, in which:

Figure 1 is a schematic view of a replenishing system according to a first preferred embodiment connecting a pressurized liquid supply to a pressurized liquid circulating system; Figures 2A-2D show successive steps of replenishing the pressurized liquid circulating system following the initial resting state shown in Figure 1; Figure 3 is a schematic view of a replenishing system according to a second preferred embodiment connecting a pressurized liquid supply to a pressurized liquid circulating system; Figures 4A-4D show successive steps of replenishing the pressurized liquid circulating system following the initial resting state shown in Figure 3; Figure 5 is a schematic view of a replenishing system according to a third preferred embodiment connecting a pressurized liquid supply to a pressurized liquid circulating system; Figures 6A-6D show successive steps of replenishing the pressurized liquid circulating system following the initial resting state shown in Figure 5; Figures 7A and 7B show two detailed schematic views of a water hammer arrestor according to the invention; and Figures 8 and 9 show alternative arrangements of the safety conduit.

The Figures show three main concepts of replenishing systems according to the invention. The main principle is however the same for all concepts and consequently similar reference numbers apply to the similar features of the different embodiments.

All embodiments show a replenishing system 1 that comprises an input 2 that is configured to be arranged in liquid connection with a pressurized liquid supply 3, and a replenishing output 4 that is configured to be arranged in liquid connection with a pressurized liquid circulating system 5. The replenishing system 1 further comprises a collector 6 that is arranged between the input 2 and the replenishing output 4, wherein the collector 6 comprises a gas extractor 7. The collector 6 is preferably an upward extending, and more preferably an upright extending, conduit or vessel, as shown in the Figures.

Although not limited thereto, the pressurized liquid supply 3 may be a water mains system, and the pressurized liquid circulating system 5 may be a hydronic system.

The gas extractor 7 may be arranged at an upper end 8 of the collector 6, in this way making optimal use of the natural tendency of a gas to rise in a liquid. The replenishing system 1 may comprises an aerator 9 configured to allow ambient air to enter the collector 6 and thereby prevent an underpressure to occur during draining of the collector 6. Such an aerator 9 is shown in the first and the second preferred embodiments, shown in Figures 1, 2A-2D and in Figures 3, 4A-4D, respectively. Alternatively, or additionally, the gas extractor 7 may comprise a gas accumulator 10, as shown in the second and third preferred embodiments, shown in Figures 3, 4A-4D and in Figures 5, 6A-6D, respectively.

The replenishing system 1 may further comprise a drainage output 11 that is configured to be arranged in liquid connection with a drain 12. A drain valve 13, which is normally open, may be temporarily closed during a replenishing action, as will be further discussed below.

In the shown embodiments, a safety conduit 14 is extending in a sloping direction away from the collector 6. In the first three embodiments shown in Figures 1-6, the safety conduit 14 is extending in a downward sloping direction away from the collector 6. Figure 8 however proposes an alternative arrangement, wherein the safety conduit 14 is extending in an upward sloping direction away from the collector 6. An additional advantage of the upward sloping safety conduit of Figure 8 is that it will automatically drain after a replenishing action, when the drain valve is opened 13, and preferably is left open. During filling of the safety conduit 14 of Figure 7, a small amount of gas may be trapped inside the safety conduit 14. This may be prevented if the safety conduit 14 is tapered, on the one hand providing a slope along which liquid may flow out of the safety conduit 14, while on the other hand allowing any gas in safety conduit 14 to be directed along the upper wall upstream towards the collector 6.

All embodiments shown in the Figures show an optional water hammer arrestor

15. Although a conventional water hammer arrestor 15 may be applied, the embodiments all apply an improved water hammer arrestor 15 that comprises: - a housing 16 supporting one or more than one non-return valve 17 configured to prevent a backflow from the pressurized liquid circulating system 5 through the water hammer arrestor 15 towards the pressurized liquid supply 3; - wherein said housing 16 is configured to move upstream over a limited range when the one or more than one non-return valve 17 is exposed to the backflow; and - wherein a spring 18 is configured to restrict and absorb the movement of the housing 16. A detailed schematic view of the water hammer arrestor 15 is shown in Figures 7A and 7B. In Figure 7A, water flows from the pressurized liquid supply 2 towards the pressurized liquid circulating system 5, which is the normal and allowed flow direction during a replenishing action. However, if the {solenoid operated) shutoff valve 19 suddenly closes, the water flow may suddenly be reversed, causing a pressure peak when it is blocked by the non-return valves 17. This effect is also known as water hammer, and the resulting pressure peak of water hammer is undesirable because it may cause failure in the pressure sensor 20 and also causes an undesirable noise. By arranging the non-return valves 17 in the housing 16 that is moveable over a predetermined range against the spring 18, the water hammer may be absorbed, thereby flattening the pressure peak. In this way, a backflow preventer 21 is integrated in the water hammer arrestor 15, providing a simple yet effective water hammer arrestor 15. A further backflow preventer 22 may be arranged near the replenishing output 4.

Restrictors 26 may be arranged to guarantee sufficient pressure between shutoff valve 19, the drain valve 13 and the further backflow preventer 22. In this way, a reliable operation of drain valve 13 is guaranteed, even if a pressure in the pressurized liquid circulating system 5 would be very low, e.g. when filling the pressurized liquid circulating system 5 for the first time with liquid from the pressurized liquid supply 3.

In order to allow a controller 23 to automatically replenish the pressurized liquid circulating system 5, and allow the controller 23 to perform checks, a further pressure sensor 27 may be arranged near the replenishing output 4.

In a preferred embodiment, a liquid sensor 28 that is configured to detect a flow or a presence of liquid is arranged downstream of drain valve 13, preferably near drainage output 11. This liquid sensor 28 allows safety checks to be performed by the controller 23. After all, if the shutoff valve 19 would malfunction and start to leak, quid will flow from the pressurized liquid supply 3 via collector 6 and the drain valve 13, which is normally open, towards the drain 12. Likewise, if the further backflow preventer 22 would start to leak, liquid will flow from the pressurized liquid circulating system 5 via the safety conduit 14 and the drain valve 13, which is normally open, towards the drain 12. In this way, a single liquid sensor 28 arranged downstream of the drain valve 13 may be used to detect a leakage in one or both of the shutoff valve 19 and the further backflow preventer 22, and thereby further increase the safety of the replenishing system 1.

The replenishing system 1 may be arranged in a housing 24, providing an easy-to- use and an easy-to-install replenishing device 25.

The configurations of the main three embodiments are shown in Figures 1, 3 and 5, that all comprise all relevant reference numbers. The operation of the three embodiments is now described in more detail, wherein Figure 1 defines the starting state for the successive steps of a replenishing action that are shown in Figures 2A-2D. Likewise, Figure 3 and Figure 5 define the starting state for the successive steps of a replenishing action that are shown in Figures 4A-4D, and Figures 6A-6D, respectively, that only comprise the relevant references for explaining the operation.

The starting states of Figures 1, 3 and 5 is identical, although the configuration of the replenishing system 1 differs. In all embodiments, the starting state comprises a (normally) closed shutoff valve 19 that shuts off the liquid inside the pressurized liquid supply 3. The drain valve 13 is (normally) open, and the liquid inside the pressurized liquid circulating system 5 is below the replenishing output 4, more in particular downstream the further backflow preventer 22.

The next step for the first embodiment is shown in Figure 2A, and comprises opening of the shutoff valve 19 to allow liquid to flow through the collector 6 of the replenishing system 1. Drain valve 13 is still open and therefore liquid flows through collector 6 towards drain 12, also pushing any gas present in the initial air gap between the liquid in the pressurized liquid circulating system 5 and the pressurized liquid supply 3 out of the replenishing system 1. The extraction of gas in the step shown in Figure 2A is however at the expense of some loss of liquid that is flushed directly towards the drain 12.

Once the gas has been removed from the replenishing system 1, the drain valve 13 is closed, and pressure will build up inside the replenishing system 1. Once the pressure inside the replenishing system 1 is higher than the pressure of the pressurized liquid circulating system 5, the liquid will flow through the further backflow preventer 22, via the replenishing output 4 into the pressurized liquid circulating system 5 (Figure 2B).

In the next step that is shown in Figure 2C, the shutoff valve 19 is closed and the drain valve 13 is opened. Ambient air can enter the replenishing system 1 via the aerator 9 that is arranged at the upper end 8 of the collector 6, thereby preventing an underpressure to occur and thus facilitate draining of the collector 6. Figure 2C shows that the liquid level inside collector 9 drops to a level at least below the connection of the safety conduit 14 to the collector 6. By lowering of the liquid level in the collector 6 till below this branching off of the safety conduit 14, it is guaranteed that any liquid left in the collector 6 is physically disconnected from the liquid inside the safety conduit 14.

Once the collector 6 is fully drained, the end state shown in Figure 2D is obtained.

Please note that the end state shown in Figure 2D discloses some liquid inside the safety conduit

14. Because the drain valve 13 is normally open, this liquid may evaporate over time and consequently the starting state of Figure 1 differs from the end state of Figure 2D, in that liquid is absent in the safety conduit 14.

The second embodiment is very closely related to the first embodiment, but comprises an additional gas accumulator 10 wherein gas may accumulate in the step shown in Figure 4B. The operation of the second embodiment is now explained in more detail, with special attention for the differences relative to the first embodiment.

In the step shown in Figure 4A, the shutoff valve 19 is opened to allow liquid to flow out of the pressurized liquid supply 3 into the replenishing system 1, and shortly thereafter shutoff valve 19 is closed again. However, contrary to step Figure 2A of the first embodiment, the drain valve 13 is now closed. Consequently, no liquid is lost in the drain 12 anymore. By opening the shutoff valve 19 to fill the collector 6 with liquid, and immediately closing the shutoff valve 19 after collector 6 has been filled, the pressure inside the replenishing system 1, more in particular in the collector 6, is preferably kept lower than the pressure level of the liquid inside the pressurized liquid supply 3. As long as the pressure inside collector 6 is lower than the pressure inside the pressurized liquid supply 3, there will be no flow of liquid from the collector 6 via the further backflow preventer 22 and the replenishing output 4 into the pressurized liquid circulating system

5. In this way, the gas present in the initial air gap between the liquid in the pressurized liquid circulating system 5 and the pressurized liquid supply 3 can be given sufficient time, e.g. in the order of a few minutes, to rise inside the collector 6 and consequently accumulate in the gas accumulator 10 that is arranged at the top end 8 of the collector 6. In this way, the gas is effectively extracted out of the liquid before said liquid is allowed to flow into the pressurized liquid circulating system 5 for replenishing thereof. It is also conceivable that, instead of opening the shutoff valve 19 once and only closing it after the collector 6 has been completely filled with liquid, the collector 6 may be filled by opening and closing the shutoff valve 19 in a pulsating IO manner to obtain a step-by-step filling of the collector 6 that may facilitate formation and rising of microbubbles.

Once the gas is accumulated in the gas accumulator 10, the shutoff valve 19 will be opened again and pressure will build up in the replenishing system 1. When the pressure inside the replenishing system | becomes higher than the pressure of the pressurized liquid circulating system 5, the liquid will flow through the further backflow preventer 22, via the replenishing output 4 into the pressurized liquid circulating system 5 (Figure 4B).

In the next step that is shown in Figure 4C, the shutoff valve 19 is closed and the drain valve 13 is opened. The pressure that has been build up by the gas that has accumulated in the gas accumulator 10 will exert a downward directed force that promotes draining of remaining liquid out of the collector 6 that also results from gravity. This pressure reduces the chance that any underpressure occurs. However, ambient air can also enter the replenishing system 1 via the aerator 9 that is arranged at the upper end 8 of the collector 6, thereby additionally preventing an underpressure to occur and thus facilitate draining of the collector 6. Figure 4C shows that the liquid level inside collector 9 drops to a level at least below the connection of the safety conduit 14 to the collector 6 to guarantee that any liquid left in the collector 6 is physically disconnected from the liquid inside the safety conduit 14. Once the collector 6 is fully drained, the end state shown in Figure 4D is obtained.

The third preferred embodiment is closely related to the second embodiment, but an aerator 9 is now absent because the pressure builds up inside the gas accumulator 10 due to the extraction of gas out of the liquid may be enough to facilitate a draining of the collector 6. If an aerator 9 is absent, the replenishing system 1 is further simplified and reliability is further improved.

Since no liquid is drained in the steps shown in Figures 4A and 6A, both the second and the third embodiment may be used in a method of replenishing of the pressurized liquid circulating system 5 in at least two stages by alternating the steps of: allowing liquid to enter the replenishing system 1, thereby filling the collector 6 that is arranged between the input and a replenishing output 4 of the replenishing system 1; and extracting gas out of said liquid in said collector 6, thereby effectively repeating the steps shown in Figures 4A-B and 6A-6B multiple times. In this way, in addition to the gas present in the initial air gap, also gas present in the liquid, such as gas present in gas-rich water, can be extracted out of the liquid before it is introduced into the pressurized liquid circulating system 5.

Although they show preferred embodiments of the invention, the above described embodiments are intended only to illustrate the invention and not to limit in any way the scope of the invention. Accordingly, it should be understood that where features mentioned in the appended claims are followed by reference signs, such signs are included solely for the purpose of enhancing the intelligibility of the claims and are in no way limiting on the scope of the claims. Furthermore, it is particularly noted that the skilled person can combine technical measures of the different embodiments. The scope of the invention is therefore defined solely by the following claims.

Claims (27)

Conclusions A refill system, comprising: - an inlet adapted to be brought into fluid communication with a pressurized fluid supply; - a refill outlet adapted to be brought into fluid communication with a pressurized fluid circulation system; and - a collector arranged between the inlet and the make-up outlet and comprising a gas extractor. The replenishing system of claim 1, wherein the gas extractor is arranged at an upper end of the collector. A refill system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the gas extractor comprises a gas accumulator. A refill system according to at least one of the preceding claims, further comprising a drain outlet adapted to be brought into fluid communication with a drain channel, and a drain valve adapted to selectively open or close the drain outlet. A refill system according to at least one of the preceding claims, further comprising an aerator arranged to allow ambient air to enter the collector and thus prevent an underpressure from developing during drainage of the collector. Refill system according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the collector is an upwardly extending conduit or vessel. The refill system of claim 6, wherein the upwardly extending conduit or vessel is a vertically extending conduit or vessel. A refill system according to at least one of the preceding claims, further comprising a safety conduit extending in an inclined direction away from the collector. A refill system according to claim 8, wherein the safety conduit extends away from the collector in a downwardly inclined direction. A refill system according to claim 8, wherein the safety conduit extends away from the collector in an upward bubble direction. A refill system according to at least one of claims 4-10, wherein a liquid sensor configured to detect a flow or presence of liquid is arranged downstream of the drain valve. A refill system according to at least one of the preceding claims, further comprising a water hammer arrester. A refill system according to claim 12, wherein the water hammer arrester comprises: - a housing comprising one or more check valves configured to prevent backflow from the pressurized liquid circulation system through the water hammer arrester to the pressurized water supply; - wherein the housing is configured to move upstream over a limited range when the one or more check valve is exposed to the backflow; and - wherein a spring is arranged to limit and absorb the movement of the housing. A refill system according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the pressurized liquid supply is a tap water system. A refill system according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the pressurized liquid circulation system is a hydronic system. Refilling device, comprising: - a housing comprising the features of the refilling system according to at least one of claims 1-15; wherein: - the inlet is arranged to be brought into liquid communication with the pressurized liquid supply; and the refill outlet is arranged to be brought into fluid communication with the pressurized fluid circulation system. A method of replenishing liquid in a pressurized liquid circulation system, comprising the steps of: - allowing liquid to enter the replenishing system, filling a collector disposed between an inlet and a replenishment outlet of the replenishing system; - extracting gas from the liquid in the collector; - allowing liquid from the pressurized liquid supply to flow through the 10 refill system and into the pressurized liquid circulation system to set a predetermined operating pressure in the pressurized liquid circulation system. The method of claim 17, wherein the step of extracting gas from the liquid is extracting from the liquid substantially all of the gas generated from an initial air space between the liquid of the pressurized liquid supply and the liquid of the said pressurized fluid circulation system so as to provide fluid communication between the fluid of the pressurized fluid supply and the fluid of the pressurized fluid circulation system. A method according to claim 17 or 18, preceded by the steps of: - connecting an inlet of a refill system to the pressurized liquid supply; and - connecting a refill output of the refill system to the pressurized liquid circulation system. A method according to at least one of claims 17-19, further comprising the steps of: - preventing liquid from the pressurized liquid supply from flowing through the replenishing system and into the pressurized liquid circulation system at a predetermined operating pressure in the said pressurized liquid circulation system. pressurized fluid circulation system is set. A method according to at least one of claims 17-20, comprising replenishing the pressurized liquid circulation system in at least two steps by alternating the steps of: - allowing liquid to enter the refill system, filling a collector disposed between an inlet and a refill outlet of the refill system; - extracting gas from the liquid in the collector; A method according to claim 20 or 21, further comprising the step of: - draining liquid from the replenishing system via a drainage outlet, wherein the upwardly extending conduit of the collector is at least partially emptied. The method of claim 22, further comprising the steps of: - lowering a liquid level in the upwardly extending conduit to a level below a connection with a safety conduit extending in an inclined direction away from the upwardly extending conduit. A method according to claim 22 or 23, further comprising the steps of: - aerating the replenishing system to promote drainage of liquid from the collector. A method according to at least one of claims 17-24, wherein: - the step of extracting gas from the liquid comprises the step of collecting the extracted gas in a gas accumulator; and - the step of draining liquid from the drainage outlet of the replenishing system comprises the step of forcing the drainage of the liquid with an overpressure of the gas in the gas accumulator. A method according to at least one of claims 17-25, comprising the step of using a refill system according to at least one of claims 1-15. A non-transient computer-readable medium containing computer-executable instructions arranged, when the instructions are executed, to direct a controller to perform the method of at least one of the preceding claims 17-26. feed.