NL2024805B1 - Panel for forming a floor covering and such floor covering - Google Patents

Panel for forming a floor covering and such floor covering Download PDF

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Publication number
NL2024805B1
NL2024805B1 NL2024805A NL2024805A NL2024805B1 NL 2024805 B1 NL2024805 B1 NL 2024805B1 NL 2024805 A NL2024805 A NL 2024805A NL 2024805 A NL2024805 A NL 2024805A NL 2024805 B1 NL2024805 B1 NL 2024805B1
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NL
Netherlands
Prior art keywords
panel
core layer
magnesium
layer
panel according
Prior art date
Application number
NL2024805A
Other languages
Dutch (nl)
Inventor
Luc Martine Baert Thomas
Boon Sven
Van Poyer Tom
Original Assignee
Champion Link Int Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Champion Link Int Corp filed Critical Champion Link Int Corp
Priority to NL2024805A priority Critical patent/NL2024805B1/en
Priority to CN202010661689.8A priority patent/CN113202253A/en
Priority to EP21705888.2A priority patent/EP4097060A1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2021/052217 priority patent/WO2021152153A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of NL2024805B1 publication Critical patent/NL2024805B1/en

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04FFINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00Flooring
    • E04F15/02Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/02044Separate elements for fastening to an underlayer
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04FFINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00Flooring
    • E04F15/02Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/10Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials
    • E04F15/107Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials composed of several layers, e.g. sandwich panels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/02Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
    • B32B3/06Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions for securing layers together; for attaching the product to another member, e.g. to a support, or to another product, e.g. groove/tongue, interlocking
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/028Net structure, e.g. spaced apart filaments bonded at the crossing points
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/10Lime cements or magnesium oxide cements
    • C04B28/105Magnesium oxide or magnesium carbonate cements
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/30Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing magnesium cements or similar cements
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/30Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing magnesium cements or similar cements
    • C04B28/32Magnesium oxychloride cements, e.g. Sorel cement
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/288Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and concrete, stone or stone-like material
    • E04C2/2885Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and concrete, stone or stone-like material with the insulating material being completely surrounded by, or embedded in, a stone-like material, e.g. the insulating material being discontinuous
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04FFINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00Flooring
    • E04F15/02Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/02038Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements characterised by tongue and groove connections between neighbouring flooring elements
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04FFINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00Flooring
    • E04F15/18Separately-laid insulating layers; Other additional insulating measures; Floating floors
    • E04F15/20Separately-laid insulating layers; Other additional insulating measures; Floating floors for sound insulation
    • E04F15/206Layered panels for sound insulation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/101Glass fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2264/00Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2264/10Inorganic particles
    • B32B2264/102Oxide or hydroxide
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2264/00Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2264/10Inorganic particles
    • B32B2264/104Oxysalt, e.g. carbonate, sulfate, phosphate or nitrate particles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2264/00Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2264/12Mixture of at least two particles made of different materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2264/00Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2264/20Particles characterised by shape
    • B32B2264/204Rod- or needle-shaped particles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2264/00Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2264/30Particles characterised by physical dimension
    • B32B2264/302Average diameter in the range from 100 nm to 1000 nm
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2264/00Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2264/30Particles characterised by physical dimension
    • B32B2264/304Particle length
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70Other properties
    • B32B2307/72Density
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2419/00Buildings or parts thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00612Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as one or more layers of a layered structure
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/60Flooring materials
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04FFINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/01Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship
    • E04F2201/0153Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by rotating the sheets, plates or panels around an axis which is parallel to the abutting edges, possibly combined with a sliding movement

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a panel, in particular a floor panel, suitable for forming a floor covering, wherein the panel has a substantially planar top side, and a 5 substantially planar bottom side, at least four substantially linear side edges comprising at least one pair of opposite side edges, preferably provided with locking means.

Description

Panel for forming a floor covering and such floor covering The invention relates to a panel, in particular a floor panel, suitable for forming a floor covering. The invention furthermore relates to such floor covering.
The flooring industry commonly uses mostly traditional materials for manufacturing (laminated) floor tiles. Examples of these materials are: high density fiberboard (HDF), which can be merged together by a formaldehyde or phenol-based resin; heterogeneous or homogeneous polyvinyl chloride (PVC), which may possibly comprise any plasticizers, pieces of solid hardwood; layers of veneers glued together; and fired and glazed clay such as ceramic and porcelain tiles. The purpose of use of these materials depends mainly on their material properties such as impact resistance, rigidity, acoustic performance and/or appearance. However, an interest in the use of alternative materials has occurred over the last few years.
An example thereof is the use of mineral materials, since mineral materials generally benefit a relatively high and dimensional stability and sufficient resistance to heat, and have a low impact on the environment compared to traditional material such as PVC or HDF. However, due to its development having been focused on its use as building material, in particular as a gypsum/drywall replacement, it is not as of yet particularly suitable for use as component of a floor panel. Among other characteristics, an improvement in the bending strength, impact resistance, indentation resistance, internal cohesion and surface adhesion of a panel made of such a mineral material is desirable to make it suitable for use as a component of a floor panel.
lt is a goal of the invention to provide at least an alternative embodiment of a composite mineral panel, in particular a floor panel, having competitive material properties with respect to the state of the art.
The invention provides thereto a panel, in particular a floor panel, suitable for forming a floor covering, wherein the panel has a substantially planar top side, and a substantially planar bottom side, at least four substantially linear side edges comprising at least one pair of opposite side edges, the panel comprising at least one core layer at least partially comprising a magnesium crystal structure wherein said at least one core layer comprises at least one organic compound comprising at least two hydroxy! groups, preferably wherein said organic compound is present in the range of 0.05% to 5% by weight. The core layer at least partially comprising a magnesium crystal structure which comprises at least one organic compound comprising at least two hydroxy! groups, preferably wherein said organic compound is present in the range of 0.05% to 5% by weight, results in the crystal structure having an increased amount of crystal in an advantageous whisker or needle form than in a flaky or irregular form.
The invention thus also relates to a panel, in particular a floor panel, suitable for forming a floor covering, wherein the panel has a substantially planar top side, and a substantially planar bottom side, at least four substantially linear side edges comprising at least one pair of opposite side edges, the panel comprising a core layer comprising a magnesium oxide cement, wherein the magnesium oxide cement comprises magnesium oxide crystals in a flaky or irregular and in a whisker or needle form, wherein there are more crystals in the whisker or needle form than in the flaky or irregular form. The core layer comprising at least one core layer comprising a magnesium crystal structure, for example magnesium oxysulfate whiskers, which at least partially form a dense crystal microstructure, provides a notable improvement in internal cohesion in combination with a good impact resistance and good bending strength to the panel. This results in the panel being in particular suitable for flooring purposes. The magnesium crystal structure comprises magnesium crystals, preferably magnesium oxysulfate crystals. In particular, the core layer comprises a magnesium oxide cement. The formation and microstructure of a magnesium oxide cement can be described in “crystal” or “hydration” phases and expressed in terms of a ternary system consisting of the ratio of magnesia, a magnesium salt such as magnesium sulfate or magnesium chloride, and water. Crystalline phases are formed upon curing into a ceramic compound and can be expressed in an abbreviated version referring to the molar ratio of each in the crystal formed. Magnesium oxysulfate cement, which uses the salt magnesium sulfate as a key binding material, can form two stable crystalline phases under ambient conditions; one of which is composed of the compounds magnesium oxide, magnesium sulfate and water, generally referred to as the 5- phase (also known as 5-1-3 phase, standing for 5Mg(OH)2.MgS04.3H20), and 3- phase (also known as 3-1-8 phase, standing for 3Mg(OH)2.MgS04.8H20). The former shows a beneficial needle- or whisker- like crystal structure of 0.2-1.0 um diameter and a length of 20-50 um that features good bending strength; whereas the latter shows a flaky or irregular crystal shape that results in a weaker composition.
When it is referred to magnesium oxysulfate cement meant for use in livable conditions, a ceramic composition comprising either the crystal phase structure of magnesium oxysulfate whiskers of the 5-1-3 phase or the magnesium oxysuliate flakes of the 3-1-8 structure is meant.
The 3-1-8 “flaky” structure is generally regarded to be the more stable phase structure under 20-60C and livable atmospheric conditions.
Other phases can form under extreme pressures and temperatures but are not stable under livable temperatures.
When magnesium oxysulfate cement is prepared, naturally at least 50% of the composition consists of the 3-1-8 crystals.
Its flaky or irregular structure results in an efflorescence of the panel surface, and subsequently an inferior cohesion and low surface adhesion which make it especially unsuitable for use as a component in a flooring panel.
The invention provides for a floor panel comprising at least one core layer comprising a ratio of the magnesium oxysulfate 5-1-3 “whisker” phase to 3-1-8 “flake” phase of more than 1. The magnesium oxysulfate whiskers benefits of being formed under ambient conditions.
The magnesium oxysulfate whiskers may also be referred to as needles.
Due to the magnesium oxysulfate whiskers at least partially forming a crystal structure, the magnesium oxysulfate whiskers will interlock with another to form a high density microstructure.
These interlocking whiskers thereby provide the improved strength to the core layer of the panel.
Additionally, the panel according to the present invention benefits due to the presence of said core layer of a good impact resistance which is for example beneficial when applying multiple panels in a floor covering according to the invention.
The compressive and indentation resistance of the crystal structure of the 5-1-3 phase is above 50MPa when tested according to EN 310, whereas the 3-1-8 structure has a compressive and indentation resistance of only about 20 MPa.
The panel according to the invention also benefits of a good water and moisture resistance as the whiskers are not easily soluble in water, whereas the 3-1-8 phase is less stable under wet conditions. The magnesium oxysulfate whiskers are not an obvious material for a skilled person to use in the core material for the purpose of the present invention and in order to form a crystal structure. The skilled person would commonly use the more common magnesium (oxy)chloride cement which can also form a crystal phase, wherein the magnesium chloride whiskers can be present in a 5-1-8 {(5Mg(OH)2.MgCl..8H:0) phase and/or 3-1-8 (3Mg(OH)2.MgCl2.8H20) phase.
However, these magnesium chloride crystals are relatively intolerant to water, since water may leach out soluble magnesium chloride, which may result in a substantial loss of strength of the material. The magnesium oxysulfate whiskers do not experience this drawback. Instead of providing further additives to improve the material properties, the invention provides a different material. It is however not excluded that the floor panel according to the invention comprises a relatively small fraction of magnesium chloride, for example, up to at most 5% by weight, preferably less than 1%.
Magnesium oxysulfate whiskers can be produced via mixing of reactive magnesia with an aqueous magnesium sulfate solution. Said reactive magnesia can be obtained via a calcination process performed at temperatures in the range of 600 to 1300 degrees Celsius, and preferably in the range of 800 to 1000 degrees Celsius. Reactive magnesia (RM) can also be referred to as “caustic-calcined magnesia” (CCM) or light-burned magnesia.
A first condition for the formation of the desired MOS whiskers is the ratio of the raw materials. An aqueous magnesium salt solution is prepared by mixing MgSO4 with water at a ratio of 0.6-2 to 1, stirring it for approximately 2 minutes to allow for it to dissolve, the such that the mixture will form a ceramic material during curing.
To ensure a ratio of the whisker crystal phase to flake crystal phase of more than 1, a ratio of MgO vs MgSO4 of around 4.6-5.8 to 1, more ideally 4.9-5.2 should be maintained. A second condition for the formation of the desired crystal structure is the addition of 0.05% to 10% by weight to the slurry of a second aqueous solution comprising 50% to 90% by weight of an organic compound comprising at least two hydroxyl (-OH) groups. This includes functional groups that comprise a hydroxyl group such as carboxyls (-COOH) that are noted to have the same effect on the formation of the MOS whisker crystals. Best results were achieved with dicarboxylic acids that contain two carboxyl functional groups -COOH, most favorably with a short chain length, such as oxalic acid C2H204 (two carboxyl -COOH groups) or 5 mesoxalic acid C3H205 (two to four carboxyl -COOH groups based on presence of water). Good results were also achieved with citric acid C6H8O7 (four -OH hydroxyl groups), and boric acid H3BO3 (three —OH hydroxy! groups). It is found that the addition of at least a fraction of these elements influences the crystal structure of the core layer and increases and enhances the crystallization of the MgO into the preferred crystal phase that is advantageous for the foreseen use as a flooring panel. It is also conceivable that phosphoric acid is applied. This mixture of ceramic material or ceramic cement and additives is poured onto a mold, and allowed to set at either ambient or elevated temperature until it has cured. The cured material benefits of a good strength and good fire-retardant properties, resulting in the material being in particular suitable for use in the building industry. it is, however, also possible that the magnesium oxysulfate whiskers are manufactured via water-heat synthesis from magnesium sulfate and magnesium hydroxide.
A panel according to the invention typically has a core layer having a thickness in the range of 3 to 10 millimeters. The density of said core layer is typically from 1200-1500kg/m3, more specifically around 1300-1400kg/m3. One embodiment of the invention can be composed of multiple layers of magnesium oxysulfate cement, each having a specific crystal structure, with beneficially at least a top layer comprising a ratio of 5-1-3 MOS whisker phase to 3-1-8 of more than 1, or a top and bottom layer of a similar ratio, or the substantially entire core consisting of such a similar ratio depending on the specific requirements of the floor panel in question. it is to be understood that in one embodiment, different layers of the core can have different crystal structure ratios for enhanced acoustical performance. The panel has a substantially planar top side, and a substantially planar bottom side, at least four substantially linear side edges comprising at least one pair of opposite side edges. The panel is typically substantially rectangular or square.
However it is also conceivable that the panel has a substantial parallelogram shape. When it is referred to panel, this can both a floor panel or a wall panel. The term tile is interchangeable with the term panel.
The length-to-diameter ratio of at least a number of magnesium oxysulfate whiskers is typically at least 5, preferably at least 10, more preferably at least 20. In this embodiment the magnesium oxysulfate whiskers can provide sufficient (bending) strength to the core layer of the panel. Possibly, at least a number of magnesium oxysulfate whiskers have an average diameter in the range of 0.2 to 1.0 micrometre and/or at least a number of magnesium oxysulfate whiskers have an average length in the range of 1 to 50 micrometres. The exact shape of the magnesium oxysulfate whiskers may differentiate, due to the phase wherein the magnesium oxysulfate whiskers are stable at the given temperature and humidity. it is not required that the magnesium oxysulfate whiskers in the core layer form a crystal structure over the substantially entire core layer. In fact, in a preferred embodiment the core layer comprises at least 50% by weight of magnesium oxysulfate whiskers, preferably at least 55% by weight and more preferably at least 60% by weight of the whisker-phase crystal structure. The further volume of the core layer may have a non-crystal structure. The further volume of the core layer may for example be at least partially porous. In some embodiments, it is beneficial if the part of the core layer comprises a crystal structure of magnesium oxysulfate whiskers below 50% by weight. A higher percentage may result in a reduced mechanical strength of the core layer, and therefore of the panel.
In a possible embodiment the core layer comprises an upper part and a lower part and a reinforcing layer situated between said upper part and said lower part of the core layer. The upper part of the core layer may even define the substantially planar top side, and the bottom part of the core layer may define the substantially planar bottom side of the panel. The presence of at least one reinforcing layer may lead to improvement of the acoustic properties of the panel. This may for example result in improved sound dampening properties. The presence of at least one reinforcing layer may also contribute to an improved strength of the panel as such. The reinforcement layer may for example comprise a woven or non-woven fibre material. The reinforcing layer may in a beneficial embodiment comprise fiberglass.
The reinforcing layer may in particular comprise a fiberglass mesh. A non-limiting example thereof is a fiberglass mesh having a mesh size of at least 5x5 mm, and/or the fiberglass mesh having an area weight of at least 90 g/m2. In a possible embodiment may the fiberglass mesh be provided with a coating, in order to prevent skin-reactions during physical contact.
It is conceivable that the reinforcing layer has a thickness of about 0.2 to 0.4 millimeters.
In a further possible embodiment, the core layer further comprises an intermediate part and a further reinforcing layer, wherein a first reinforcing layer is situated between said upper part and said intermediate part of the core layer, and a second reinforcing layer is situated between said intermediate part and said lower part of the core layer.
The first and second reinforcing layer can both consist of a reinforcing layer as described above.
The intermediate part of the core layer does not necessarily have the same material properties as the further parts of the core layer.
It is for example conceivable that the intermediate part of the core layer is at least partially foamed.
The intermediate part may therefore comprise a foaming agent.
Such, at least partially foamed intermediate part of the core layer may further improve the acoustic performance of the panel.
In a preferred embodiment comprises the panel two pairs of opposite side edges which are provided with interconnecting coupling means.
This will contribute to the ease of connect of multiple panels when assembling for example a floor covering.
The interconnecting coupling means typically comprise a tongue and a groove wherein the tongue is provided on one side edge of one pair of opposite side edges, and the groove is provided on the other side edge of the same pair of opposite side edges.
The interconnecting coupling means of co-acting panels may be provided with co-acting locking elements.
In a possible embodiment of the panel according to the invention the core layer further comprises at least one polymer and/or wood based material.
It is also conceivable that the core layer further comprises at least one binder. it is also possible that the panel further comprises at least one top layer.
The top layer is typically provided on the top surface of the panel.
It is beneficial if the top layer has suitable properties for its intended use such as a waterproof layer, wear layer, and/or decorative layer.
Said top layer can be directly or indirectly attached to the core layer of the panel, for example via an adhesive, a hot melt material and/or hot or cold pressing. A decorative top layer, if applied, may for example comprise at least one ply of cellulose-based layer and a cured resin, wherein the cellulose- based layer is preferably paper or kraft paper. Said ply of cellulose-based material may also be a veneer layer adhered to a top surface of the core layer. The veneer layer is preferably selected from the group consisting of wood veneer, cork veneer, bamboo veneer, and the like. Other decorative top layers that could possibly be applied for the present invention include a ceramic tile, a porcelain tile, a real stone veneer, a rubber veneer, a decorative plastic or vinyl, linoleum, and decorative thermoplastic film or foil. The top layer may possibly be further provided with a wear layer and optionally a coating. Examples of thermoplastics which could be used in such top layer are PP, PET, PVC and the like. It is also possible to provide on the top facing surface of the core an optional primer and print the desired visual effect in a direct printing process. The decorative top layer can receive a further finishing with a thermosetting varnish or lacquer such as polyurethane, PUR, or a melamine based resin.
In a further possible embodiment comprises the panel at least one backing layer. This can be any suitable backing layer for use with (floor) panels. It is also conceivable that the panel comprises (at its back surface) at least one balancing layer, generally composed of at least one layer comprising lignocellulose and a cured resin. The panel may also comprise at least one acoustic layer, usually composed of a low density foamed layer of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), irradiation-crosslinked polyethylene (IXPE), expanded polypropylene (XPP), expanded polystyrene (XPS), but also nonwoven fibers such as made from natural fibers like hemp or cork, or recycled/recyclable material such as PET. The density of this acoustic layer preferably has a density between 65 kg/m3 and 300 kg/m3, most preferably between 80 kg/m3 and 150 kgm3.
The invention also relates to a floor covering comprising multiple panels, in particular floor panels, according to any the preceding claims. However, a wall covering comprising multiple panels according to the invention also falls within the scope of the present invention.
The invention will be elucidated on the basis of non-limitative exemplary embodiments shown in the following figures. Herein shows: figure 1 a first possible embodiment of panel according to the present invention, figure 2 a second possible embodiment of a panel according to the present invention, and figure 3 a third possible embodiment of a panel according to the present invention. Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a cross section of a first embodiment of a panel (101) according to the invention. The figure shows the panel (101) comprising a core layer (102) comprising magnesium oxysulfate whiskers (103) which at least partially form a crystal structure (104). It can be seen that the magnesium oxysulfate whiskers (103) interlock with another. The panel (101) further comprises a top layer (105) and optionally a backing layer (106).
Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of a cross section of a second possible embodiment of a panel (201) according to the invention. The figure shows the panel comprising a core layer (202) comprising an upper part (202a) and a lower part (202b) and a reinforcing layer (207) situated between said upper part (202a) and said lower part (202b) of the core layer (202). Both parts (202a, 202b) of the core layer (102) comprise magnesium oxysulfate whiskers (203) which at least partially form a crystal structure (204). It can be seen that only a part of the total volume of the core layer (202) comprises a crystal structure (204). The reinforcing layer (207) comprises a fiberglass mesh. The panel (201) further comprises a top layer (205).
Figure 3 shows a schematic representation of a cross section of a third possible embodiment of a panel (301) according to the invention. The figure shows the panel comprising a core layer (302) wherein the core layer (302) comprises respectively an upper part (302a), a lower part (302b) and an intermediate part (302c). Said parts are separated via multiple reinforcing layers (307a, 307b). In the present embodiment is the intermediate part (302c) of the core layer (302) a foam layer. The other parts (302a, 302b) of the core layer (102) comprise magnesium oxysulfate whiskers (303) which at least partially form a crystal structure (304). The panel (301) further comprises a top layer (305).
It will be apparent that the invention is not limited to the working examples shown and described herein, but that numerous variants are possible within the scope of the attached claims that will be obvious to a person skilled in the art.
The verb “comprise” and conjugations thereof used in this patent publication are understood to mean not only “comprise”, but are also understood to mean the phrases “contain”, “substantially consist of”, “formed by” and conjugations thereof.

Claims (19)

ConclusiesConclusions 1. Paneel, in het bijzonder een vloerpaneel, geschikt voor het vormen van een vloerbedekking, waarbij het paneel een in hoofdzaak vlakke bovenzijde heeft, een in hoofdzaak vlakke onderzijde, en ten minste vier in hoofdzaak lineaire zijranden omvattende ten minste een paar overstaande zijranden, het paneel omvattende: ten minste een kernlaag die ten minste gedeeltelijk een magnesiumkristalstructuur omvat, waarbij voornoemde ten minste ene kernlaag 0,05 gewichts®% tot 5 gewichts% van ten minste een organische verbinding omvattende ten minste twee hydroxylgroepen omvat.A panel, in particular a floor panel, suitable for forming a floor covering, the panel having a substantially flat top side, a substantially flat bottom side, and at least four substantially linear side edges comprising at least a pair of opposite side edges, the panel comprising: at least one core layer comprising at least partially a magnesium crystal structure, said at least one core layer comprising 0.05% to 5% by weight of at least one organic compound comprising at least two hydroxyl groups. 2. Paneel volgens conclusie 1, waarbij de magnesiumkristalstructuur een magnesiumoxysulfaat- en/of een magnesiumoxychloridekristalstructuur is.The panel of claim 1, wherein the magnesium crystal structure is a magnesium oxysulfate and/or a magnesium oxychloride crystal structure. 3. Paneel volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij ten minste een deel van voornoemde magnesiumkristallen aanwezig zijn in een lange in elkaar grijpende kristalstructuur of ‘whiskers’ en enkele in een korte onregelmatige kristalstructuur of ‘flakes’.A panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least a portion of said magnesium crystals are present in a long interlocking crystal structure or 'whiskers' and some in a short irregular crystal structure or 'flakes'. 4. Paneel volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de verhouding van de whisker-fase ten opzichte van de flakes-fase groter is dan 1.A panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the ratio of the whisker phase to the flakes phase is greater than 1. 5. Paneel volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de lengte- diameterverhouding van ten minste een aantal van de magnesiumkristallen ten minste 5 is, bij voorkeur ten minste 10, bij nadere voorkeur ten minste 20.5. Panel according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the length-diameter ratio of at least some of the magnesium crystals is at least 5, preferably at least 10, more preferably at least 20. 6. Paneel volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij ten minste een aantal magnesiumoxysulfaatkristallen, en in het bijzonder magnesiumoxysulfaatwhiskers, een gemiddelde diameter heeft in de range van 0,2 tot 1,0 micrometer.A panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least a number of magnesium oxysulfate crystals, and in particular magnesium oxysulfate whiskers, have an average diameter in the range of 0.2 to 1.0 micrometer. 7. Paneel volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij ten minste een aantal magnesiumoxysulfaatkristallen, en in het bijzonder magnesiumoxysulfaatwhiskers, een gemiddelde lengte heeft in de range van 1 tot 50 micrometer.A panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least a number of magnesium oxysulfate crystals, and in particular magnesium oxysulfate whiskers, have an average length in the range of 1 to 50 micrometers. 8. Paneel volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de kernlaag ten minste 5 gewichts% magnesiumoxysulfaatwhiskers omvat, bij voorkeur ten minste gewichts% en bij nadere voorkeur ten minste 20 gewichts% van de whisker-fase kristalstructuur.A panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the core layer comprises at least 5% by weight of magnesium oxysulfate whiskers, preferably at least% by weight and more preferably at least 20% by weight of the whisker phase crystal structure. 9. Paneel volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij voornoemde 10 organische verbinding omvattende ten minste twee hydroxyl(-OH)groepen een zuur is zoals oxaalzuur, citroenzuur, fosforzuur en/of boorzuur.9. Panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said organic compound comprising at least two hydroxyl(-OH) groups is an acid such as oxalic acid, citric acid, phosphoric acid and/or boric acid. 10. Paneel volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de kernlaag een bovenste deel en een onderste deel omvat, en een versterkende laag die zich tussen voornoemde bovenste deel en voornoemd onderste deel van de kernlaag bevindt.A panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the core layer comprises an upper part and a lower part, and a reinforcing layer located between said upper part and said lower part of the core layer. 11. Paneel volgens conclusie 10, waarbij de versterkende laag glasvezel omvat.The panel of claim 10, wherein the reinforcing layer comprises glass fiber. 12. Paneel volgens een der conclusies 10-11, waarbij de versterkende laag een glasvezelmat omvat.A panel according to any one of claims 10-11, wherein the reinforcing layer comprises a glass fiber mat. 13. Paneel volgens een der conclusies 10-12, waarbij de kerniaag een middendeel en een verdere versterkende laag omvat, waarbij een eerste versterkende laag is gelegen tussen voornoemd bovenste deel en voornoemd middendeel van de kernlaag, en een tweede versterkende laag is gelegen tussen voornoemd middendeel en voornoemd onderste deel van de kernlaag.The panel of any one of claims 10-12, wherein the core layer comprises a center portion and a further reinforcing layer, a first reinforcing layer being located between said top portion and said center portion of the core layer, and a second reinforcing layer being located between said top portion and said center portion of the core layer. middle part and said lower part of the core layer. 14. Paneel volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, omvattende twee paar overstaande zijranden welke voorzien zijn van onderling verbindbare koppelingsmiddelen.A panel according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising two pairs of opposite side edges provided with mutually connectable coupling means. 15. Paneel volgens conclusie 14, waarbij de onderling verbindbare koppelingsmiddelen een tong en een groef omvatten, waarbij de tong is aangebracht op een zijrand van een paar overstaande zijranden, en waarbij de groef is aangebracht op een andere zijrand van hetzelfde paar overstaande Zijranden.The panel of claim 14, wherein the interconnectable coupling means comprises a tongue and a groove, the tongue being provided on one side edge of a pair of opposite side edges, and the groove being provided on another side edge of the same pair of opposite side edges. 16. Paneel volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de kernlaag verder ten minste een bindmiddel omvat.The panel of any preceding claim, wherein the core layer further comprises at least one binder. 17. Paneel volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, omvattende ten minste een toplaag, de toplaag omvattende ten minste een decoratieve laag en/of beschermende laag.A panel according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one top layer, the top layer comprising at least one decorative layer and/or protective layer. 18. Paneel volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, omvattende ten minste een optionele onderlaag voor verbeterde balans en/of akoestische prestatie.A panel according to any preceding claim, comprising at least one optional underlayment for improved balance and/or acoustic performance. 19. Vloerbedekking omvattende meerdere panelen, in het bijzonder vloerpanelen, volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies.19. Floor covering comprising a plurality of panels, in particular floor panels, according to any one of the preceding claims.
NL2024805A 2020-01-31 2020-01-31 Panel for forming a floor covering and such floor covering NL2024805B1 (en)

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EP21705888.2A EP4097060A1 (en) 2020-01-31 2021-01-29 Panel for forming a floor covering and such floor covering
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