NL2024367B1 - Public chain-based token exchange method and blockchain system - Google Patents
Public chain-based token exchange method and blockchain system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
This disclosure provides a public chain-based token exchange method and blockchain system. According to the method, in actual applications, by means of initiating the supply transaction to the public chain, a plurality of supply chains exchange the respective supply tokens provided thereby for the public chain tokens having an equal value; the public chain stores various supply tokens transferred by the supply chain and records the supply quantities; the exchange chain initiates the exchange transaction to the public chain, so that the public chain calculates the exchange rate based on the supply quantities of the initial tokens and the exchange tokens that are specified in the exchange transaction, and subsequently extracts, from the stored supply tokens, the exchange tokens haivng an equal value to the initial tokens and transfers the exchange tokens to the exchange chain. By means of calculating the exchange rates between different types of tokens by using the public chain, the method may provide an objective and reasonable exchange environment. Moreover, after the supply transaction takes place, the public chain stores the supply tokens so that the exchange chain performs the exchange transaction with the public chain only when performing the transaction, without contacting the exchange counterparty, thus preventing a centralized program from participating in. In this way, the exchange efficiency is improved.
Description
P34342NLOO/STR Title: PUBLIC CHAIN-BASED TOKEN EXCHANGE METHOD AND BLOCKCHAIN
[0001] This disclosure relates to the technical field of network transactions, and in particular, to a public chain-based token exchange method and blockchain system.
[0002] A blockchain technology is a relatively objective non-repudiation digital environment, which is created according to a decentralized system application architecture and a well- known manner. Based on the blockchain technology, authenticity of network information can be ensured. For example, if a transaction takes place in a blockchain network, a node in the blockchain network generates block data that records a transaction content based on transaction information, and broadcasts the block data in the whole network; and other nodes in the network store the block data at the same time, and thus a blockchain that cannot be modified is formed. The transaction should be understood in a broad sense, which does not refer to a conventional "commodity sale" or "product exchange", but refers to a certain data operation content or operation result on the blockchain network. For example, a blockchain node A on the network initiates a query request a about the performance of a communication device with certain model, the query request a is a transaction for a blockchain node B that is responsible for a query service. Similarly, sending, by the node B, the queried performance table b of the communication device with this model to the node A is also a transaction. As transaction information, information A and a and information B and b may be written into a data block of the blockchain.
[9003] Usually, a transaction in the blockchain network uses a digital token, such as Bitcoin in a bitcoin network or Ether in an Ether network to serve as a marker of a network transaction for measuring an attention degree or a value of a transaction operation or for rating an attention degree or a value of transaction data. Usually, different types of tokens are used in different blockchain networks. As a marker of a network transaction, the different types of tokens need to be exchanged with each other, so that information or a value is transferred between a blockchain network A that uses a token A and a blockchain network B that uses a token B by using the token A and the token B.
2.
[0004] A conventional token exchange operation is completed by using a token transaction office. To be specific, a transaction center is provided in a network in a form of a transaction office, and the transaction center provides an exchange platform for different tokens, so that both parties that participate in exchange can make exchange according to a certain exchange rate, e.g., one token A for two token B.
[0005] In an existing exchange method, an exchange operation between two types of tokens depends on the conventional exchange platform or a third-party platform, and an exchange rate also depends on the exchange platform or the third-party platform (such as Financial Gateway). The exchange platform or the third-party platform is essentially a centralized platform, and thus may easily suffer from cyberattacks, which is difficult to be ensured for security. In addition, the conventional exchange platform needs to determine an exchange counterparty. When a party that participates in the exchange needs to exchange for a relatively uncommon token, it takes a long time to search for an exchange counterparty and to determine an exchange rate between tokens. As a result, an exchange process spends a long period, and thus the exchange cannot be completed in a timely manner, more network resources are consumed, and the exchange efficiency is reduced.
[00086] This disclosure provides a public chain-based token exchange method and blockchain system, to resolve a problem of low exchange efficiency because a conventional token exchange method is controlled by a centralized program.
[0007] According to a first aspect, this disclosure provides a public chain-based token exchange method, being applied to a public chain network, comprising: receiving a supply transaction initiated by a supply chain, the supply transaction including a type of and a quantity of supply tokens transferred to the public chain; querying a supply quantity of the supply tokens in the public chain network, and calculating an exchange rate between the supply token and a public chain token based on the supply quantity of the supply tokens; transferring the public chain tokens having an equal value to the quantity of the supply tokens to the supply chain, based on the exchange rate between the supply token and the public chain token; receiving an exchange transaction initiated by an exchange chain, the exchange transaction including a quantity of initial tokens transferred to the public chain and a type of exchange tokens;
-3- querying supply quantities of the initial tokens and the exchange tokens in the public chain network, and calculating an exchange rate between the exchange token and the initial token based on the supply quantities; and transferring the exchange tokens having an equal value to the quantity of the initial tokens to the exchange chain, based on the exchange rate between the exchange token and the initial token.
[0008] Optionally, the step of querying the supply quantity of the supply tokens in the public chain network, and calculating the exchange rate between the supply token and the public chain token based on the supply quantity of the supply tokens comprises: receiving pledge tokens transferred by the supply chain, the pledge tokens including a preset quantity of the supply tokens transferred to the public chain and the public chain tokens transferred to the public chain at the same time; calculating an initial exchange rate based on a relationship between quantities of the supply tokens and the public chain tokens among the received pledge tokens; and storing the initial exchange rate, and on the basis of the initial exchange rate, adjusting the exchange rate in real time based on a quantity of subsequently transferred supply tokens.
[0009] Optionally, before the step of receiving the supply transaction initiated by the supply chain, the method further comprises: according to the quantity of the public chain tokens possessed by the supply chain, verifying a token supplying qualification of the supply chain accessing to the public chain network; if the quantity of the public chain tokens possessed by the supply chain is greater than or equal to a verification threshold, determining that the supply chain has the supplying qualification, and receiving the supply transaction initiated by the supply chain; and if the quantity of the public chain tokens possessed by the supply chain is smaller than the verification threshold, determining that the supply chain does not have the supplying qualification, sending verification prompt information to the supply chain, and storing the type of the supply tokens that can be provided by the supply chain.
[0010] Optionally, the step of the step of querying supply quantities of the initial tokens and the exchange tokens in the public chain network and calculating the exchange rate between the exchange token and the initial token based on the supply quantities, comprises: determining whether the initial tokens are the public chain tokens; querying the supply quantity of the exchange tokens in the public chain network if the initial tokens are the public chain tokens; calculating an exchange rate between the exchange token and the public chain token based on the supply quantity of the exchange tokens; querying the supply quantities of the initial tokens and the exchange tokens in the public chain network if the initial tokens are not the public chain tokens;
-4- calculating an exchange rate between the initial token and the public chain token based on the supply quantity of the initial tokens; calculating the exchange rate between the exchange token and the public chain token based on the supply quantity of the exchange tokens; and calculating the exchange rate between the exchange token and the initial token.
[0011] Optionally, the method further comprises the following step: before the step of receiving the supply transaction initiated by the supply chain, verifying whether the supply chain is configured with a smart contract conforming to a public-chain exchange rule, and configuring the smart contract for the supply chain if the supply chain is not configured with the smart contract, wherein the step comprises: determining whether the supply chain supports to be configured with the smart contract; configuring the smart contract for the supply chain if the supply chain supports to be configured with the smart contract; configuring a parallel chain for the supply chain if the supply chain does not support to be configured with the smart contract, where the parallel chain is part of nodes in the public chain network; and configuring the smart contract for the parallel chain to enable the parallel chain to initiate the supply transaction to the public chain.
[0012] According to a second aspect, this disclosure provides a public chain-based token exchange method, being applied to a supply chain network, comprising: initiating a supply transaction to a public chain, the supply transaction including a type of and a quantity of supply tokens transferred to the public chain; receiving an exchange rate between the supply token and the public chain token to determine whether the supply transaction is completed, the exchange rate being calculated by the public chain based on the supply quantity of the supply tokens; and receiving the public chain tokens that are transferred by the public chain and have an equal value to the quantity of the supply tokens, after it is determined that the supply transaction is completed.
[0013] Optionally, the step of receiving the exchange rate between the supply token and the public chain token to determine whether the supply transaction is completed, the exchange rate being calculated by the public chain based on the supply quantity of the supply tokens, comprises: initiating a supply transaction to a parallel chain corresponding to the supply chain; controlling the parallel chain to generate a query transaction based on the supply transaction and to initiate the query transaction to the public chain, so as to enable the public chain to return the exchange rate between the supply token and the public chain token to the parallel chain based on the query transaction;
-5- controlling the parallel chain to calculate a quantity of available public chain tokens based on the exchange rate between the supply token and the public chain token and to send the quantity of the public chain tokens to the supply chain; and receiving the quantity of the public chain tokens to determine whether the supply transaction is completed, and after it is determined that the supply transaction is completed, controlling the parallel chain to initiate the supply transaction to the public chain.
[0014] According to a third aspect, this disclosure provides a public chain-based token exchange method, being applied to an exchange chain network, comprising: initiating an exchange transaction to a public chain, the exchange transaction including a quantity of initial tokens transferred to the public chain and a type of exchange tokens; receiving an exchange rate between the exchange token and a public chain token to determine whether the exchange transaction is completed, the exchange rate being calculated by the public chain based on supply quantities of the initial tokens and the exchange tokens; and receiving the exchange tokens that are transferred by the public chain and have an equal value to the quantity of the public chain tokens, after it is determined that the exchange transaction is completed.
[0015] Optionally, the step of receiving the exchange rate between the exchange token and the public chain token to determine whether the exchange transaction is completed, the exchange rate being calculated by the public chain based on supply quantities of the initial tokens and the exchange tokens, comprises: initiating an exchange transaction by a parallel chain corresponding to the exchange chain; controlling the parallel chain to generate a query transaction based on the exchange transaction and to initiate the query transaction to the public chain, so as to enable the public chain to return an exchange rate between the exchange token and the initial token to the parallel chain based on the query transaction; controlling the parallel chain to calculate a quantity of available exchange tokens based on the exchange rate between the exchange token and the initial token and to send the quantity of the exchange tokens to the exchange chain; and receiving the quantity of the exchange tokens to determine whether the exchange transaction is completed, and controlling the parallel chain to initiate the exchange transaction to the public chain after it is determined that the exchange transaction is completed.
[0016] According to a fourth aspect, this disclosure provides a public chain-based blockchain system, comprising a public chain, and a supply chain and an exchange chain that access to the public chain, the public chain, the supply chain, and the exchange chain being peer-to- peer networks, wherein
-6- the supply chain is configured to initiate a supply transaction to the public chain, the supply transaction including a type of and a quantity of supply tokens transferred to the public chain, and to receive public chain tokens transferred by the public chain; the exchange chain is configured to initiate an exchange transaction to the public chain, the exchange transaction including a quantity of initial tokens transferred to the public chain and a type of exchange tokens, and to receive the exchange tokens transferred by the public chain; the public chain is configured to: receive the supply transaction initiated by the supply chain, query a supply quantity of the supply tokens in the public chain network and calculate an exchange rate between the supply token and the public chain token based on the supply quantity of the supply tokens, and transfer the public chain tokens having an equal value to the quantity of the supply tokens to the supply chain, based on the exchange rate between the supply token and the public chain token, and receive the exchange transaction initiated by the exchange chain, query supply quantities of the exchange tokens and the initial tokens in the public chain network and calculate an exchange rate between the exchange token and the initial token based on the supply quantities of the exchange tokens and the initial tokens, and transfer the exchange tokens having an equal value to the quantity of the initial tokens to the exchange chain, based on the exchange rate between the exchange token and the initial token.
[0017] It may be learned from the foregoing technical solutions that this disclosure provides a public chain-based token exchange method and blockchain system. According to the method, in actual applications, by means of initiating the supply transaction to the public chain, a plurality of supply chains exchange the respective supply tokens provided thereby for the public chain tokens having an equal value; the public chain stores various supply tokens transferred by the supply chain and records the supply quantities; the exchange chain initiates the exchange transaction to the public chain, so that the public chain calculates the exchange rate based on the supply quantities of the initial tokens and the exchange tokens that are specified in the exchange transaction, and subsequently extracts, from the stored supply tokens, the exchange tokens haivng an equal value to the initial tokens and transfers the exchange tokens to the exchange chain. By means of calculating the exchange rates between different types of tokens by using the public chain, the method may provide an objective and reasonable exchange environment. Mareover, after the supply transaction takes place, the public chain stores the supply tokens so that the exchange chain performs the exchange transaction with the public chain only when performing the transaction, without contacting the exchange counterparty, thus preventing a centralized program from participating in. In this way, the exchange efficiency is improved.
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[0018] To more clearly describe the technical solutions of this disclosure, the accompanying drawings to be used in the embodiments are briefly illustrated below. Obviously, persons of ordinary skills in the art can also derive other accompanying drawings according to these accompanying drawings without an effective effort.
[0019] FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a token exchange method applied to a public chain network according to this disclosure;
[0020] FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of performing a supply transaction by a supply chain according to this disclosure;
[0021] FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a supply transaction with a pledge period according to this disclosure;
[0022] FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of determining whether a contract is supported by a supply transaction according to this disclosure;
[0023] FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of completing a supply transaction by using a parallel chain according to this disclosure;
[0024] FIG. 6 is a schematic flowchart of verifying a token supplying qualification of a supply chain according to this disclosure;
[0025] FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart of performing an exchange transaction by an exchange chain according to this disclosure;
[0026] FIG. 8 is a schematic flowchart of calculating an exchange rate in an exchange transaction according to this disclosure;
[0027] FIG. 9 is a schematic flowchart of completing an exchange transaction by a using parallel chain according to this disclosure; and
[0028] FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a public chain-based token exchange blockchain system according to this disclosure.
[0029] Embodiments are described below in detail, and examples thereof are shown in the accompanying drawings. When the descriptions below relate to the accompanying drawings, unless otherwise stated, same numerals in different accompanying drawings indicate same or similar elements. Implementations described in the following embodiments do not represent all implementations consistent with this disclosure. They are merely examples of a system and a method that are described in detail in the claims and in accordance with some aspects of this disclosure.
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[0030] In the technical solutions provided in this disclosure, a blockchain network refers to a peer-to-peer (P2P) network that has a decentralized application architecture. The blockchain network can perform distributed storage, public consensus, digital encryption, transaction ledger recording and verification. In other words, the blockchain network is a transaction platform that covers the distributed technology, the cryptography, the P2P network architecture, and various consensus algorithms that may possibly be applied. A blockchain or blockchain information refers to ledger information generated based on transaction information when a transaction occurs in the blockchain network. That is, a plurality of specific transactions form a block, and a plurality of blocks form a blockchain. The blockchain network includes nodes that establish peer-to-peer network connections with each other. Each node is configured with a corresponding consensus mechanism, such as a smart contract, and has a sufficient computing capability to perform transaction verification and ledger recording. Interface specifications conforming to an agreed standard are provided on the nodes, so that more nodes or other types of blockchain networks are accessed through the interface specifications.
[0031] A public chain, an exchange chain, a supply chain, and a parallel chain referred in this disclosure refer to different blockchain networks that conform to the blockchain technology. In this disclosure, unless otherwise stated, the public chain, the exchange chain, the supply chain, and the parallel chain refer to corresponding networks, that is, a public chain network, an exchange chain network, a supply chain network, and a parallel chain network. The public chain network serves as a basic platform configured on a whole network, and its node interface accesses to a plurality of blockchain networks, for example, an industry chain network, a consortium chain network, a private chain network, and a third-party blockchain network that are established based on the interface specifications of the public chain. Each blockchain network may serve as an independent development platform, and provides corresponding services for interior of the network. The public chain defines and specifies a standard interface manner, thus facilitating a network connection to other blockchains, such as the exchange chain and the supply chain. In this disclosure, the public chain is capable of supporting cross-chain brokering, and further has a capability of storing tokens, decentralized applications and smart contracts.
[0032] The exchange chain and the supply chain refer to blockchains accessing to the public chain network. To be specific, in this disclosure, the public chain provides a basic platform, and the exchange chain and the supply chain, serving as the accessing blockchain networks, have respective functions and services. The exchange chain and the supply chain may be blockchain networks that are established based on standards and interface specifications of the public chain network. In other words, the exchange chain and the supply chain can directly perform communication and service interworking with the public chain network. The
-9- exchange chain and the supply chain may also be networks that are independent with each other, and may have respectively dedicated interface specifications, such as Bitcoin or Ether in the existing blockchain networks, or may be an industry chain and a consortium chain developed in some industries, or even a private chain established for satisfying certain service requirement. The existing blockchains, such as the industry chain, the consortium chain, and the private chain have dedicated network interface specifications, and therefore generally cannot directly transact with each other or even cannot transact with the public chain network. Therefore, in this disclosure, the parallel chain is used to connect the public chain with other networks.
[0033] The parallel chain may be composed of some nodes in the public chain network; and by using the parallel chain, bridging may be formed between the public chain and other networks to which transactions cannot be directly performed. In this disclosure, for a network to which transactions cannot be directly performed, each blockchain network corresponds to a parallel chain. The parallel chain is configured to have complete functions corresponding to the blockchain network, which can also synchronously transform the transaction in the blockchain network and transfer the same to the public chain network. Therefore, in the technical solutions provided in this disclosure, the parallel chain may be regarded as an image of the corresponding blockchain network. Moreover, for ease of description, the corresponding blockchain network is referred to as a parent chain. In this disclosure, the parallel chain is composed of some nodes in the public chain network, and these nodes are also the nodes in the parent chain so as to transfer transaction information.
[0034] On the basis of the foregoing components, in actual applications, the public chain can provide cross-chain relay to complete a transaction verification, data proof, asset transfer, implementations of the smart contract, and other work. The public chain unifies external interface specifications, so that other blockchain networks can quickly access to the public chain network. The public chain further provides basic blockchain platform capabilities, that is, quickly completes solution deployment and verifications and completes distributed storage and ledger in the public chain network. In addition, as a basic platform, the public chain may further provide a public development function so as to complete collaborative development and deployment of smart contracts of a plurality parallel chains at one time.
[0035] The public chain, in addition to recording its own blockchain information, may further be configured to store an information summary, that is, a transaction summary, of a corresponding cross-chain transaction. Relevant contents of the cross-chain transaction is recorded through formatted transaction data. Meanwhile, in order to occupy less distributed storage space on the public chain, the public chain, when recording certain information, can further record information of a third-party blockchain through a particular compression algorithm. For example, the block data formed and stored in the public chain may include the
-10- following contents: a block identifier (such as a sequence number, a time stamp, a block hash value, and a previous block hash value), block attribution (that is, a block generator), other block information (such as a random value, a difficulty value, and additional information), block weights, an information summary (such as a transaction tree, a state tree, a receipt tree, and a data tree), transaction fees, rewards, sizes, and the like.
[0036] Referring to FIG. 1, FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a token exchange method applied to a public chain network. It may be learned from FIG. 1 that when the token exchange method provided in this disclosure is applied to the public chain network, the following steps are included: S11: Receiving a supply transaction initiated by a supply chain, the supply transaction including a type of and a quantity of supply tokens transferred to the public chain; S12: Querying a supply quantity of the supply tokens in the public chain network, and calculating an exchange rate between the supply token and a public chain token based on the supply quantity of the supply tokens; S13: Transferring the public chain tokens having an equal value to the quantity of the supply tokens to the supply chain, based on the exchange rate between the supply token and the public chain token.
[0037] The foregoing steps are aimed at completing a transaction operation of the supply tokens, that is, the supply transaction between the supply chain and the public chain. As shown in FIG. 2, in order to complete to the supply transaction, the supply chain is configured to perform the following steps: S21: Initiating the supply transaction to the public chain, the supply transaction including the type of and the quantity of the supply tokens transferred to the public chain; S22: Receiving the exchange rate between the supply token and the public chain token to determine whether the supply transaction is completed, the exchange rate being calculated by the public chain based on the supply quantity of the supply tokens; S23: Receiving the public chain tokens that are transferred by the public chain and have an equal value to the quantity of the supply tokens, after it is determined that the supply transaction is completed.
[0038] It may be learned from the foregoing steps that in the technical solutions provided in this disclosure, before an exchange chain initiates an exchange transaction, firstly the tokens that circulate in the supply chain are transferred to the public chain by completing a transfer transaction between the supply chain and the public chain, so as to participate in the subsequent exchange transaction. In other words, in actual applications, firstly the supply chain initiates the supply transaction to the public chain, where the supply transaction includes a type of the supplied tokens and a quantity of the tokens that can be supplied. For example, in a public chain network P, a network A to a network F are accessed thereto. In the
-11- network A to the network F, the types of the tokens that are respectively circulating in the six blockchain networks (or the types of the tokens that are supporting external exchange transactions) are Ta, Tb, Tc, Td, Te, and Tf, respectively. When one of the blockchain networks, for example, a network C, intends to perform a token supply transaction, a node in the network C that is responsible for a cross-chain transaction (which may be referred to as a supply node in this disclosure) firstly initiates the supply transaction to the public chain network. In other words, the supply chain performs the foregoing step S21. The supply transaction includes the type of the supply tokens transferred to the public chain, that is, the token Tc, and the quantity of the transferred supply tokens. For example, 1000 tokens Tc are transferred to the public chain.
[0039] The public chain performs step S11 after the supply chain initiates the supply transaction, and then queries the supply quantity of the supply tokens in the public chain network based on contents of the supply transaction. In actual applications, the same type of the supply tokens may come from one blockchain network, or may come from a plurality of blockchain networks. Therefore, for the supply transaction initiated by the supply chain, it may be firstly queried whether the corresponding supply tokens have been stored in the current public chain network. For example, after receiving the supply transaction, the public chain P extracts from the supply transaction that the supply tokens have a type of Tc and a quantity of
1000. The public chain P subsequently queries the token Tc among various supply tokens stored in the public chain network. If it is queried that a quantity of the current supply tokens Tc is 1053, it is determined that the current supply quantity of the supply tokens is 1053. Based on such a supply quantity and a public chain token Tp issued by the public chain, the public chain calculates an exchange rate at a current time between the supply token Tc and the public chain token Tp.
[0040] In the technical solutions provided in this disclosure, a specific manner of calculating the exchange rate between the supply token Tc and the public chain token Tp based on the supply quantity may be a calculation manner agreed by the public chain, or a value-exchange protocol that is based on consensus, such as a bancor protocol. In actual applications, for the manner of calculating the exchange rate based on the supply quantity of the supply tokens, a weighting calculation may further be performed by comprehensively considering other factors, such as a weight of a circulation degree, and a weight of token value stability of the blockchain network.
[0041] It should be noted that in order to avoid an abnormal exchange rate or an extremely unbalanced value fluctuation due to the reason that the supply quantity of the supply tokens inthe public chain network is O or is excessively low, it is provided in the technical solutions of this disclosure that, when each blockchain network accesses to the public chain network, the accessing blockchain network may be ordered, being constrained as an online condition, to
-12- transfer part of the supply tokens to the public chain to serve as a reserve quantity of this type of supply tokens. The specific reserve quantity may be determined based on a scale of the accessing blockchain.
[0042] Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the step of querying the supply quantity of the supply tokens in the public chain network and calculating the exchange rate between the supply token and the public chain token based on the supply quantity of the supply tokens includes the following steps: S131: Receiving pledge tokens transferred by the supply chain, the pledge tokens including a preset quantity of the supply tokens transferred to the public chain and the public chain tokens transferred to the public chain at the same time; S132: Calculating an initial exchange rate based on a relationship between quantities of the supply tokens and the public chain tokens among the received pledge tokens; S133: Storing the initial exchange rate, and on the basis of the initial exchange rate, adjusting the exchange rate in real time based on a quantity of subsequently transferred supply tokens.
[0043] To be specific, in this embodiment, a supply chain corresponding to one type of supply tokens, which serves as a party that exchanges for this type of supply tokens, needs to pledge some public chain tokens to the public chain, that is, transfer the pledge tokens to the public chain while transferring the supply tokens to the public chain. The pledge tokens include the preset quantity of supply tokens transferred to the public chain and the public chain tokens transferred to the public chain at the same time. After receiving the pledge tokens, the public chain can calculate the initial exchange rate based on the relationship between the quantities of the supply tokens and the public chain tokens. In other words, in the technical solutions provided in this disclosure, the initial exchange rate requires the exchange party to pledge the supply tokens and the public chain tokens onto the public chain. Moreover, based on the initial pledge, a subsequent supply bode can decide whether to sell the supply tokens and obtain the public chain tokens or to purchase the supply tokens and sell the public chain tokens. For ease of description, after the supply chain transfers the pledge tokens, a pool for token exchange may be formed in the public chain. The supply tokens and the public chain tokens are included in the pool to support the token exchange transaction. The pool may be understood as a concept of financial reserve fund.
[0044] As the exchange transaction is performed, the exchange rate between the supply token and the public chain token may be updated in real time. In other words, at an initial state, an accessing node in the supply chain provides the preset quantity of supply tokens and the corresponding public chain tokens through the smart contract provided by the public chain, in order to determine the corresponding exchange rate. For example, the supply chain provides 1000 supply tokens and 10 public chain tokens, and it is determined that the
-13- corresponding exchange rate is 100:1. These initially supplied tokens may serve as reserve tokens. In subsequent applications, the smart contract may be invoked for multiple times, and the token exchange is completed each time once the smart contract is invoked. In this way, the exchange rate may be correspondingly updated through the constant exchange.
[0045] Because there is no exchange counterparty, the exchange may be performed directly by using the reserve tokens, and the exchange rate is a current real-time rate. If the reserve tokens are used up, there may be two situations happening. One situation is that the overbought occurs when the supply tokens are used up. In this case, the supply tokens are short in supply, and thus may be put into upvaluation. As a result, the accessing chain network may be excited to provide supply tokens, otherwise prices may keep rising. The other situation is that the oversold occurs when the public chain tokens corresponding to the reserve tokens are used up. In this case, the supply tokens are undersold, resulting in a price crash. As a result, the value of the supply tokens returns to zero. Therefore, in such a mechanism, all of the parties participating in the token exchange would try the best to maintain a fair exchange rate to ensure rights of each party. In this embodiment, according to the foregoing manner of updating the exchange rate, rights of each exchange participant can be protected as much as possible, so as to ensure that the value of the tokens of each party is maintained, and safety and fairness of the public chain are maintained.
[0046] It may be learned from the foregoing technical solutions that according to the technical solutions provided in this disclosure, before the token exchange is performed, the blockchain network that is accessing to the public chain network initiates the supply transaction, and supplies various types of tokens. In view of the above, the supply chain, as a seller, may exchange the tokens to be sold as the public chain tokens by using the public chain, and then these tokens are stored by the public chain, and thus the exchange transaction can be completed without a purchasing counterparty. In this way, the selling efficiency of the supply tokens may be greatly increased.
[0047] In this disclosure, when the supply chain initiates the supply transaction to the public chain, a node in the supply chain may generate, based on information about the supply transaction, block data conforming to transaction specifications of the supply chain network, and may broadcast the formed block data in the supply chain network and the public chain network, respectively, so as to form a complete blockchain in the supply chain network. A node in the public chain verifies the block data again, and forms or further converts the block data into block data conforming to transaction specifications of the public chain, so that a complete blockchain that is based on the public chain network is formed through the broadcasting in the public chain network to complete the ledger recording operation.
[0048] Similarly, after the public chain calculates the exchange rate, in the process of transferring the public chain tokens having an equal value to the supply chain based on the
-14 - exchange rate and the quantity of the supply tokens, a node in the public chain that is responsible for transferring forms block data conforming to the transaction specifications of the public chain, and broadcasts the block data in the public chain network to form a complete blockchain. Meanwhile, the block data and the transferring operation are sent to the supply chain network. The block data are broadcasted in the supply chain network again to form a complete blockchain, thus completing the ledger recording operation.
[0049] In this embodiment, time starts to keep as the public chain transfers the public chain tokens having an equal value to the quantity of the supply tokens to the supply chain. Because the block data contains time stamp information, a time stamp of the first block data may be used as a timing start point, or a time stamp of a final blockchain among the formed complete blockchain may be used as the timing start point. When the time period reaches a period corresponding to a pledge period, a node in the public chain network initiates a refund transaction to the supply chain. Similarly, the supply quantity of the supply tokens in the public chain network needs to be queried, and a real-time exchange rate is calculated based on the supply quantity, and thus the supply tokens are refunded to the supply chain according to the exchange rate.
[0050] In actual applications, all blockchain networks accessing to the public chain network may serve as the supply chain to initiate the supply transaction to the public chain. However, different blockchain networks usually have respectively dedicated interface specifications, and require specialized consensus manners, such as the smart contract or a public contract, to be able to complete a transaction with the public chain. Therefore, in some embodiments provided in this disclosure, before the step of receiving the supply transaction initiated by the supply chain, it is to be verified whether the supply chain is configured with a smart contract conforming to an exchange rule of the public chain. If the corresponding smart contract is configured, the supply transaction is initiated and completed directly through the smart contract. If the supply chain is not configured with the smart contract, as shown in FIG. 4, the method further includes the following steps: S101: Determining whether the supply chain supports to be configured with the smart contract; S102: Configuring the smart contract for the supply chain if the supply chain supports to be configured with the smart contract; S103: Configuring a parallel chain for the supply chain if the supply chain does not support to be configured with the smart contract, where the parallel chain is part of nodes in the public chain network; S104: Configuring the smart contract for the parallel chain to enable the parallel chain to initiate the supply transaction to the public chain.
-15-
[0051] In this embodiment, whether the supply chain supports to be configured with the smart contract may be first determined. For the supply chain that supports to be configured the smart contract, for example, a blockchain network that accesses to the public chain network for the first time and has a same interface specification as the public chain network, may possibly support to be configured with the smart contract, and thus the supply chain may be configured with the smart contract by using the public chain. For the supply chain that does not support to be configured with the smart contract, some nodes of the public chain may be selected in the public chain, according to a predetermined rule or the principle of proximity, so as to serve as the parallel chain of the supply chain that accesses to the public chain. The nodes that serve as the parallel chain may be configured to have all functions and information of both the public chain and the supply chain, and have a bridging function to complete the supply transaction and the transferring operation between the supply chain and the public chain.
[0052] After the supply chain is configured with the parallel chain, the public chain may configure the parallel chain with a smart contract. Because the parallel chain is part of nodes in the public chain, configuring the parallel chain with the smart contract merely needs to set corresponding supply chain information in the smart contract and enable the parallel chain to have the bridging function so that the supply chain can initiate the supply transaction to the public chain by using the parallel chain. It should be noted that the nodes that serve as the parallel chain may come from the public chain network, may come from the supply chain network, or may partially come from the public chain network and partially come from the supply chain network. For the case that the nodes come from the supply chain network, after it is determined which nodes in the supply chain are going to be the nodes of the parallel chain network, the public chain needs to verify the nodes and determine that the nodes that serve as the parallel chain can support specifications of the public chain network.
[0053] In some embodiments of this disclosure, in the case that the blockchain network accesses to the public chain by using the parallel chain, because the supply chain network cannot directly complete the transaction with the public chain, as shown in FIG. 5, the step of receiving the exchange rate between the supply token and the public chain token to determine whether the transaction is completed, the exchange rate being calculated by the public chain based on the supply quantity of the supply tokens, includes the following steps: S221: Initiating the supply transaction to a parallel chain corresponding to the supply chain; S222: Controlling the parallel chain to generate a query transaction based on the supply transaction and to initiate the query transaction to the public chain, so as to enable the public chain to return the exchange rate between the supply token and the public chain token to the parallel chain based on the query transaction;
- 16 - S223: Controlling the parallel chain to calculate a quantity of available public chain tokens based on the exchange rate between the supply token and the public chain token and to send the quantity of the public chain tokens to the supply chain; S224: Receiving the quantity of the public chain tokens to determine whether the supply transaction is completed, and after it is determined that the supply transaction is completed, controlling the parallel chain to initiate the supply transaction to the public chain.
[0054] In the embodiments, after the supply chain initiates the supply transaction by using the parallel chain, the parallel chain may generate the query transaction targeted at the public chain based on the supply transaction. The query transaction may be a transaction in an agreed form, for example, a transaction with an exchange token quantity of O, or may be a transaction having a specified form of the smart contract. The information about the type of the supply tokens needs to be carried in the query transaction. After receiving the query transaction, the public chain returns the exchange rate between the supply token and the public chain token to the parallel chain based on the query transaction. The parallel chain further delivers the returned exchange rate to the supply chain, or calculates a quantity of exchangable public chain tokens based on the supply transaction and the exchange rate, and sends the quantity of the available public chain tokens to the supply chain (or the supply node).
[0055] After receiving the quantity of the public chain tokens that is sent by the parallel chain, the supply chain may make a judgement on the quantity to determine whether such an exchange result can be accepted. If the exchange result can be accepted by the supply chain, the parallel chain may be controlled to send the supply transaction to the public chain. If the exchange result is not accepted, the parallel chain may be controlled to withdraw the supply transaction.
[0056] Further, in order to ensure the value stability of the supply tokens, before the step of receiving the supply transaction initiated by the supply chain, the public chain needs to verify a token supplying qualification of the supply chain. As shown in FIG. 6, a specific method of verifying the supply qualification includes the following steps: S105: According to the quantity of the public chain tokens possessed by the supply chain, verifying a token supplying qualification of the supply chain accessing to the public chain network; S106: If the quantity of the public chain tokens possessed by the supply chain is greater than or equal to a verification threshold, determining that the supply chain has the supplying qualification, and receiving the supply transaction initiated by the supply chain; S107: If the quantity of the public chain tokens possessed by the supply chain is smaller than the verification threshold, determining that the supply chain does not have the
-17 - supplying qualification, sending verification prompt information to the supply chain, and storing the type of the supply tokens that can be provided by the supply chain.
[0057] In this embodiment, it may be set that a certain quantity of public chain tokens need to be obtained from the public chain when each blockchain network accesses to the public chain, so as to serve as the transaction capital of the blockchain network. Therefore, a capable or large-scaled blockchain network requires a relatively large quantity of public chain tokens, so that the supplying qualification of the supply token can be determined based on the quantity of the public chain tokens possessed by the supply chain. By verifying the supplying qualification of the supply chain, large fluctuating of the supply quantity may be avoided, thus reducing abnormal cases occurring to the exchange rate. At the same time, verifying the supplying qualification of the supply chain can further prevent the exchange stability of the public chain system from being broken by a cetain small sized blockchain network, such as a private chain issuing false tokens.
[0058] In the technical solutions provided in this disclosure, the supply chain supplies different types of tokens to the public chain and the tokens are stored in the public chain, so as to facilitate the exchange of other blockchain networks in the public chain network. Obviously, in this disclosure, the supply chain and the exchange chain refer to the roles when they perform different types of operations. The blockchain networks that access to the public chain network can serve as the supply chain as long as they can meet corresponding token supplying qualifications. Meanwhile, The blockchain networks that access to the public chain network may also serve as the exchange chain to initiate the exchange transaction to the public chain and thus obtain the required tokens. As shown in FIG. 1, for the exchange transaction, the public chain is configured to perform the following program steps: S14: Receiving an exchange transaction initiated by an exchange chain, the exchange transaction including a quantity of initial tokens transferred to the public chain and a type of exchange tokens; S15: Querying supply quantities of the initial tokens and the exchange tokens in the public chain network, and calculating an exchange rate between the exchange token and the initial token based on the supply quantities; S16: Transferring the exchange tokens having an equal value to the quantity of the initial tokens to the exchange chain, based on the exchange rate between the exchange token and the initial token.
[0059] Accordingly, when performing the exchange transaction, as shown in FIG. 7, the exchange chain is configured to perform the following program steps: S31: Initiating the exchange transaction to the public chain, the exchange transaction including the quantity of initial tokens transferred to the public chain and the type of exchange tokens;
-18- S32: Receiving the exchange rate between the exchange token and a public chain token to determine whether the exchange transaction is completed, the exchange rate being calculated by the public chain based on supply quantities of the initial tokens and the exchange tokens; S33: Receiving the exchange tokens that are transferred by the public chain and have an equal value to the quantity of the public chain tokens, after it is determined that the exchange transaction is completed.
[0060] In the technical solutions provided in this disclosure, the blockchain network, serving as the exchange chain, firstly initiates the exchange transaction to the public chain, where the exchange transaction includes the quantity of the initial tokens and the type of the exchange tokens. For example, the blockchain network that serves as the exchange chain is a network A. If one or more nodes (that is, exchange nodes) in the network A needs to exchange 100 tokens Ta for tokens Tc, the node initiates an exchange transaction to the public chain, where the exchange transaction includes 100 initial tokens Ta that are transferred to the public chain, and the type of the exchange tokens is Tc. The exchange chain sends the exchange transaction containing the foregoing information to the public chain. After receiving the exchange transaction, the public chain extracts types of the initial tokens and the exchange tokens, and queries the supply quantities of the initial tokens and the exchange tokens in the public chain network to calculate the exchange rate between the exchange token and the initial token during exchange, based on the supply quantities of the initial tokens and the exchange tokens. A calculation manner of the exchange rate is same to a calculation manner when the supply chain initiates the supply transaction.
[0061] In actual applications, when the exchange chain performs exchange, the type of the initial tokens may be in a plurality of different manners. For example, for the network A that serves as the exchange chain, the type of the initial tokens for exchange used thereby may be the token Ta circulating in the network A, or may be a public chain token Tp, or even may be the token Th, Te, or Tf circulating in other blockchains. Therefore, different manners may be used when calculating the exchange rate. Further, as shown in FIG. 8, the step of querying supply quantities of the initial tokens and the exchange tokens in the public chain network and calculating the exchange rate between the exchange token and the initial token based on the supply quantities, includes the following steps: S151: Determining whether the initial tokens are the public chain tokens; S152: Querying the supply quantity of the exchange tokens in the public chain network if the initial tokens are the public chain tokens; S153: Calculating an exchange rate between the exchange token and the public chain token based on the supply quantity of the exchange tokens;
-19- S154: Querying the supply quantities of the initial tokens and the exchange tokens in the public chain network if the initial tokens are not the public chain tokens; S155: Calculating an exchange rate between the initial token and the public chain token based on the supply quantity of the initial tokens; S156: Calculating the exchange rate between the exchange token and the public chain token based on the supply quantity of the exchange tokens; S157: Calculating the exchange rate between the exchange token and the initial token.
[0062] In this embodiment, the type of the initial tokens may be determined based on the exchange transaction initiated by the exchange chain, that is, it is determined whether the initial tokens are the public chain tokens. If the initial tokens are the public chain tokens, that is, the network A that serves as the exchange chain uses 100 public chain tokens Tp to exchange for tokens Tc, the public chain only needs to acquire the supply quantity of the exchange tokens, that is, the supply quantity of the tokens Tc. Subsequently, an exchange rate between the exchange token Tc and the public chain token Tp is calculated based on the supply quantity of the exchange tokens. If the initial tokens are not the public chain tokens, that is, the network A that serves as the exchange chain uses 100 tokens Ta to exchange for the tokens Tc, the public chain needs to query the supply quantities of both the initial tokens Ta and the exchange tokens Tc, and then calculate an exchange rate between the initial token Ta and the public chain token Tp and the exchange rate between the exchange token Tc and the public chain token Tp, respectively, so as to finally determine an exchange rate between the initial token Ta and the exchange token Tc based on the two calculated exchange rates.
[0063] After the exchange rate between the initial token and the exchange token is calculated, the public chain transfers exchange tokens having an equal value to the quantity of the initial tokens to the exchange chain, based on the quantity of the transferred initial tokens that are received. For example, if the exchange rate between the initial token Ta and the exchange token Tc is 5:1, when the public chain receives 100 tokens Ta, 20 Tc are transferred to the exchange chain according to the exchange rate. After the transfer, the 100 tokens Ta are stored in the public chain. In this case, a supply quantity of the tokens Ta stored in the public chain is added by 100.
[0064] Further, as shown in FIG. 9, the step of receiving the exchange rate between the exchange token and the public chain token to determine whether the exchange transaction is completed, the exchange rate being calculated by the public chain based on the supply quantity of the exchange tokens, includes the following steps: S321: Initiating the exchange transaction by a parallel chain corresponding to the exchange chain;
-20- S322: Controlling the parallel chain to generate a query transaction based on the exchange transaction and to initiate the query transaction to the public chain, so as to enable the public chain to return an exchange rate between the exchange token and the initial token to the parallel chain based on the query transaction; S323: Controlling the parallel chain to calculate a quantity of available exchange tokens based on the exchange rate between the exchange token and the initial token and to send the quantity of the exchange tokens to the exchange chain; S324: Receiving the quantity of the exchange tokens to determine whether the exchange transaction is completed, and controlling the parallel chain to initiate the exchange transaction to the public chain after it is determined that the exchange transaction is completed.
[0065] In this embodiment, similar to the case of performing the supply transaction, after the exchange chain initiates the exchange transaction by using the parallel chain, the parallel chain can generate the query transaction targeted at the public chain based on the exchange transaction. Also, in this embodiment, the query transaction may be a transaction in an agreed form, for example, a transaction with an exchange token quantity of 0, or may be a transaction having a specified form of the smart contract. The information about the type of the exchange tokens needs to be carried in the query transaction. After receiving the query transaction, the public chain returns the exchange rate between the exchange token and the initial token to the parallel chain based on the query transaction. The parallel chain further delivers the returned exchange rate to the exchange chain, or calculates a quantity of exchangable public chain tokens based on the exchange transaction and the exchange rate, and sends the quantity of the available public chain tokens to the exchange chain (or the exchange node).
[0066] After receiving the quantity of the public chain tokens that is sent by the parallel chain, the exchange chain may make a judgement on the quantity to determine whether such an exchange result can be accepted. If the exchange result can be accepted by the exchange chain, the parallel chain may be controlled to send the exchange transaction to the public chain. If the exchange result is not accepted, the parallel chain may be controlled to withdraw the exchange transaction.
[0067] Similar to the process of the supply transaction initiated by the supply chain, in this disclosure, when the exchange chain initiates the exchange transaction to the public chain, a node in the exchange chain may generate, based on information about the exchange transaction, block data conforming to transaction specifications of the exchange chain network, and may broadcast the formed block data in the exchange chain network and the public chain network, respectively, so as to form a complete blockchain in the exchange chain network. A node in the public chain verifies the block data of the exchange transaction again,
-21- and forms or further converts the block data into block data conforming to transaction specifications of the public chain, so that a complete blockchain that is based on the public chain network is formed through the broadcasting in the public chain network, thus accomplishing the ledger recording operation.
[0068] It should be noted that the exchange chain Ta and the supply chain Tc described in the foregoing embodiments are merely examples for ease of description. In actual applications, the blockchain networks that access to the public chain network, such as a third- party public chain, a third-party industry chain, a consortium chain, a private chain, and subchains developed based on the interface specifications of the public chain may serve as the exchange chain and the supply chain at the same time. Moreover, because different blockchain networks have respective functions, the same blockchain network may supply various types of tokens. In addition, in transferring the exchange tokens and the public chain tokens to the supply chain or the exchange chain by the public chain in this disclosure, the exchange chain and the supply chain may not necessarily directly accept the transferred tokens, but may complete the transfer through respective accounts on the public chain or the blockchain networks. In other words, the transfer between two blockchain networks, parts of which are imcompatible, may be completed through an account opened on the public chain, thus avoiding a problem that the exchange tokens may not be recognized by the exchange chain.
[0069] In the technical solutions provided in this disclosure, for the supply chain, such as a supply chain network C, a transaction process thereof essentially is to exchange the token Tc for another token, such as Ta. Therefore, for the supply chain, after the supply transaction is completed, the obtained public chain token Tp may be directly used to exchange for token Ta. In other words, the network C may further be used as the exchange chain to initiate the exchange transaction, and may transfer 3000 public chain tokens Tp to the public chain to exchanging for tokens Ta having the equal value.
[0070] In view of the above, in this disclosure, the blockchain network that serves as the supply chain, after exchanging for the public chain tokens by using public chain, may further exchange for the exchange tokens by using the public chain tokens, in which process there is no need to contact other blockchain networks. That is, the token exchange is completed without an counterparty. Similarly, for the exchange chain, the token exchange is also completed by using the public chain without contacting an exchange counterparty. Therefore, the whole exchange process may be completed by a decentralized application in the public chain network, and during the transaction process, the ledger recording is completed both at the public chain and in the participated blockchain networks. In this way, a relatively objective and fair exchange environment may be provided.
22.
[0071] In the token exchange method provided in this disclosure, no matter it is the supply transaction or the exchange transaction, the exchange rate between two types of tokens may be calculated based on the supply quantities of the tokens, as described in the foregoing solutions. Alternatively, an exchange rate table that is periodically updated may be created in the public chain network. Exchange rates between various types of tokens may be provided in the exchange rate table. The exchange rates may be calculated and provided by some nodes in the public chain that are dedicated for balancing the token value, or may be provided by a financial industry chain accessing to the public chain network. However, for the financial industry chain accessing to the public chain network, when accessing the public chain network, the maintenance nodes in the public chain and other interest-related blockchain networks may vote for online with repsect to the financial industry chain to determine the authority and effectiveness of the financial industry chain, so that more reasonable exchange rates could be provided. Obviously, in actual applications, the public chain may further determine the exchange rate between two types of tokens by the supply quantities and by referring to the exchange rate table, so as to ensure the exchange rights of both parties to a maximum extent in the event that the exchange efficiency is provided.
[0072] On the basis of the foregoing token exchange method, this disclosure further provides a public chain-based blockchain system. As shown in IFG. 10, the blockchain system includes a public chain, and a supply chain and an exchange chain that access to the public chain network, the public chain, the supply chain, and the exchange chain being peer-to-peer networks, wherein the supply chain is configured to initiate a supply transaction to the public chain, the supply transaction including a type of and a quantity of supply tokens transferred to the public chain, and to receive public chain tokens transferred by the public chain; the exchange chain is configured to initiate an exchange transaction to the public chain, the exchange transaction including a quantity of initial tokens transferred to the public chain and a type of exchange tokens, and to receive the exchange tokens transferred by the public chain; the public chain is configured to: receive the supply transaction initiated by the supply chain, query a supply quantity of the supply tokens in the public chain network and calculate an exchange rate between the supply token and the public chain token based on the supply quantity of the supply tokens, and transfer the public chain tokens having an equal value to the quantity of the supply tokens to the supply chain, based on the exchange rate between the supply token and the public chain token, and receive the exchange transaction initiated by the exchange chain, query supply quantities of the exchange tokens and the initial tokens in the public chain network and calculate an exchange rate between the exchange token and the initial token based on the supply
-23. guantities of the exchange tokens and the initial tokens, and transfer the exchange tokens having an equal value to the quantity of the initial tokens to the exchange chain, based on the exchange rate between the exchange token and the initial token.
[0073] It may be learned from the foregoing technical solutions that this disclosure provides a public chain-based token exchange method and blockchain system. According to the method, in actual applications, by means of initiating the supply transaction to the public chain, a plurality of supply chains exchange the respective supply tokens provided thereby for the public chain tokens having an equal value; the public chain stores various supply tokens transferred by the supply chain and records the supply quantities; the exchange chain initiates the exchange transaction to the public chain, so that the public chain calculates the exchange rate based on the supply quantities of the initial tokens and the exchange tokens that are specified in the exchange transaction, and subsequently extracts, from the stored supply tokens, the exchange tokens haivng an equal value to the initial tokens and transfers the exchange tokens to the exchange chain. By means of calculating the exchange rates between different types of tokens by using the public chain, the method may provide an objective and reasonable exchange environment. Mareover, after the supply transaction takes place, the public chain stores the supply tokens so that the exchange chain performs the exchange transaction with the public chain only when performing the transaction, without contacting the exchange counterparty, thus preventing a centralized program from participating in. In this way, the exchange efficiency is improved.
[0074] For similar parts between the embodiments provided in this disclosure, references may be made to each other. The specific implementations described above are merely some examples under a general concept of this disclosure, and do not constitute any limitation to the protection scope of this disclosure. For a person skilled in the art, any other implementations derived according to the solutions of this disclosure without an effective effort all fall within the protection scope of this disclosure.
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| WO2020114242A1 (en) | 2020-06-11 |
| JP2021530065A (en) | 2021-11-04 |
| NL2024367A (en) | 2020-06-03 |
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