NL2016257B1 - Device for processing audio effect signals. - Google Patents
Device for processing audio effect signals. Download PDFInfo
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- NL2016257B1 NL2016257B1 NL2016257A NL2016257A NL2016257B1 NL 2016257 B1 NL2016257 B1 NL 2016257B1 NL 2016257 A NL2016257 A NL 2016257A NL 2016257 A NL2016257 A NL 2016257A NL 2016257 B1 NL2016257 B1 NL 2016257B1
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Abstract
A device for processing input signals, the device comprising inputs for receiving input signals, volume controllers in connection with the inputs, the volume controllers being arranged to control the volume of the input signals into adapted signals, an adding-unit for mixing the adapted signals, the adapted signals being added to form a third signal, an output connected to the adding-unit for transmitting the third signal to an external device, a processing unit connected to the volume controllers, the processing unit being configured for controlling adjustment of the volume controllers, thereby determining the adapted signals, switches configured to operate the processing unit controlling the volume controllers, wherein the processing unit is configured to control the volume controllers simultaneously and to adapt, upon operating either switch, each volume controller according to a predetermined variation during a predetermined interval.
Description
DEVICE FOR PROCESSING AUDIO EFFECT SIGNALS FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a device for processing electrical signals of a musical instrument such as a guitar pickup assembly comprising a first pickup and a second pickup, the device to be provided to a musician for switching while playing between a first signal generated by the first pickup and a second signal generated by the second pickup.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Guitars are used in music as one of the basic instruments to support melody and rhythm, pulses and beat. Particularly electric guitars are used to achieve these effects. Electric guitars typically have a first pickup and a second pickup which both receive signals from plucking the strings, wherein the first and second pickup are both wired to a volume knob and to a switch, such as a toggle switch, that allows for the selection of either of the first and second pickup, or a combination of the first and second pickup.
During playing, the guitar player is able to switch between the first pickup and the second pickup, the moment of switching causing a an audible switching sound like a clack caused by a release of a physical contact between a first electric conductor and a second electric conductor and by making a further physical contact between the first electric conductor and a third electric conductor.
Auxiliary means are available which are configured to vary the intensity of each of the first and the second pickup. Such auxiliary means are for example being equipped with a pedal to be operated by a foot of the guitar player. During playing, the guitar player is able to vary the ratio between the intensity of the first pickup with respect to the intensity of the second pickup.
The auxiliary means allows in a first extreme position, only the first signal of the first pickup to pass through whilst the second signal of the second pickup is blocked. The auxiliary means allows in a second extreme position, only the second signal of the second pickup to pass through whilst the first signal of the first pickup is blocked. To switch between the first signal and the second signal, the pedal is required to move from the first extreme position to the second extreme position without the occurrence of an audible switching sound like a clack.
To let pass both partly the first signal of the first pickup and partly the second signal of the second pickup, it is required to adjust the ratio between the intensity of the first pickup with respect to the intensity of the second pickup, by adjusting the pedal in a position somewhere between the first and the second extreme position.
It is a drawback of this auxiliary means that an adjustment of the pedal somewhere between the first and the second extreme position requires a continuous foot control of the guitar player in order to continuous determine the ratio between the intensity of the first pickup with respect to the intensity of the second pickup. To keep the pedal in a desirable position between the first and the second extreme position is a rather limiting condition for a guitar player swinging during playing.
It is an object of the invention to provide a device for processing the first signal and the second signal, wherein switching between the first signal and the second signal does not allow the occurrence of an audible switching sound like a clack and which does not have the drawback of keeping the pedal in a desirable position between the first and the second extreme position.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A first aspect of the invention provides a device for processing a first signal and a second signal, the device comprising: - a first input for receiving the first signal and a second input for receiving the second signal, - a first volume controller in connection with the first input and a second volume controller in connection with the second input, the first and the second volume controller being arranged to control the volume of the first and the second signal into an adapted first signal and an adapted second signal respectively, - an adding-unit for adding the adapted first signal to the adapted second signal, the adapted first signal and the adapted second signal being added to form a third signal, - an output connected to the adding-unit for transmitting the third signal to an external device, - a processing unit connected to the first and the second volume controller, the processing unit being configured for controlling adjustment of the first and the second volume controller respectively, thereby determining the adapted first signal and the adapted second signal respectively, - a first switch configured to transmit a fourth signal to the processing unit to operate the processing unit controlling at least the first and/or second volume controller, - a second switch configured to transmit a fifth signal to the processing unit to operate the processing unit controlling at least the first and/or second volume controller, the processing unit being configured to control the first volume controller and the second volume controller simultaneously and to adapt, upon operating either the first or the second switch, the first volume controller and/or the second volume controller according to a predetermined variation during a predetermined interval. A second aspect of the invention provides a method for processing a first signal and a second signal, the method comprising the steps of: - receiving, from a first input, the first signal and receiving, from a second input, the second signal, - controlling the volume of the first and the second signal into an adapted first signal and an adapted second signal respectively by means of a first volume controller in connection with the first input and a second volume controller in connection with the second input respectively, - adding the adapted first signal to the adapted second signal by an adding-unit, the adapted first signal and the adapted second signal forming a third signal, - transmitting the third signal to an external device, - controlling adjustment of the first and the second volume controller respectively by the processing unit, thereby setting the volume of the adapted first signal and the adapted second signal respectively, - transmitting, upon operating a first switch, a fourth signal to the processing unit to operate the processing unit controlling the first volume controller, and/or transmitting, upon operating a second switch, a fifth signal to the processing unit to operate the processing unit controlling the second volume controller, wherein the first volume controller and the second volume controller are simultaneously controlled by the processing unit, and, upon operating either the first or the second switch, adapted by the processing unit according to a predetermined variation during a predetermined interval.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The first aspect of the invention relates to the device according to claim 1, allowing the third signal to be outputted to an external device to be transmitted to an amplifier to be converted in an acoustic sound, wherein adjustment of the third signal may be composed by the processing unit based on the first and the second signal, wherein the first signal and the second signal are processed, upon operating either the first or the second switch, according to the predetermined variation during the predetermined interval, during which interval the guitar player is dismissed from operating the pedal to achieve a desired effect based on a composition of the adapted first and the adapted second signal, the effect being achieved without the occurrence of an audible switching sound like a clack.
In an embodiment, a selector is arranged to transmit a sixth signal to the processing unit, the sixth signal defining a function according to which the predetermined variation and the predetermined interval is to be performed. This measure provides a device having a selector to be used by a musician to instruct the processing unit via the sixth signal a function for adaption of the first and the second signal when the first and/or the second switch is operated.
In an embodiment, the selector is configured for selecting one out of a plurality of predetermined functions to obtain, upon operating either the first or the second switch, adaption of the third signal by the processing unit controlling adjustment of the first and/or the second volume controller, and wherein the processing unit is configured to receive the sixth signal and to adapt the first and/or the second volume controller according to a predetermined variation during a predetermined interval corresponding to the selected one out of the plurality of predetermined functions. This measure allows for selecting several different functions each causing a command via the sixth signal to the processing unit resulting in, upon operating either the first or the second switch, an adapted first signal and an adapted second signal according to the predetermined variation during the predetermined interval, resulting in different characteristics of the third signal for each one of the plurality of predetermined functions, thereby omitting the requirement of the guitar player to control the pedal in a position between the first and the second extreme position, providing a free condition for a guitar player swinging during playing.
In an embodiment, the plurality of predetermined functions comprises an instant switch function wherein operating the first switch causes an instant increasing volume of the adapted first signal and an instant decreasing volume of the adapted second signal, and wherein operating the second switch causes an instant increasing volume of the adapted second signal and an instant decreasing volume of the adapted first signal. This measure provides a device which allows sudden switching between the first signal and the second signal without the occurrence of an audible switching sound like a clack.
In an embodiment, the plurality of predetermined functions comprises a gradual switch function wherein operating the first switch causes a gradual increasing volume of the adapted first signal and a gradual decreasing volume of the adapted second signal, and wherein operating the second switch causes a gradual increasing volume of the adapted second signal and a gradual decreasing volume of the adapted first signal. This measure provides a device which allows gradual switching between the first signal and the second signal without the occurrence of an audible switching sound like a clack.
In an embodiment, the plurality of predetermined functions comprises a mix function wherein operating the first switch causes a gradual increasing volume of the adapted first signal when the adapted second signal is present, and/or wherein operating the second switch causes a gradual increasing volume of the adapted second signal when the adapted first signal is present. This measure provides a device which allows gradual mixing of the first signal and the second signal according to a predetermined variation during a predetermined interval.
In an embodiment, the first switch and the second switch are formed by a first and a second pedal respectively. This measure provides a device which allows instant or discontinuous operation by the foot of a guitar player providing a free condition during the time the pedal does not have to be operated.
In an embodiment, the device comprises a first light indicator connected with the processing unit, the first light indicator being arranged to present a first volume level indicating the actual adjustment of the first volume controller generating the volume of the adapted first signal, and comprising a second light indicator connected with the processing unit, the second light indicator being arranged to present a second volume level indicating the actual adjustment of the second volume controller generating the volume of the adapted second signal. This measure provides a device which allows the first and the second light indicators providing a visual feedback to the guitar player whether the first and/or the second signal is active to be present in the third signal.
In an embodiment, both light indicators comprise an elongated scale distribution between a minimum value and a maximum value, the minimum value and the maximum value respectively corresponding to an absence and to a maximum presence of the adapted first or second signal. This measure provides a device which allows the first and the second light indicators providing the guitar player information about the intensity of the first and the second signal present in the third signal, the setting of which may be eligible for being fine-tuned by the guitar player during playing.
In an embodiment, the first and the second volume controller are both a digital volume potentiometer, DVP, the DVP being digitally controllable by the processing unit and the DVP capable of adapting an analogue input signal into an analogue adapted input signal. This measure provides a device which allows for digital controlling of the first and second volume controller, by means of the processing unit, while the first and second volume controller being configured to analogue adjusting the intensity of the first and second signal respectively.
In an embodiment, the predetermined variation corresponds to: - a first mode wherein an adjustment of the first or second volume controller generates an increasing volume of the adapted first or second signal, or - a second mode wherein an adjustment of the first or second volume controller generates a decreasing volume of the adapted first or second signal, or - a third mode wherein an adjustment of the first volume controller generates an increasing volume of the adapted first signal and an adjustment of the second volume controller generates an decreasing volume of the adapted second signal, or - a fourth mode wherein an adjustment of the first volume controller generates an decreasing volume of the adapted first signal and an adjustment of the second volume controller generates an increasing volume of the adapted second signal. This measure provides a device which allows, in the first mode, for blending, wherein, the first or the second signal may be added to the second or first signal respectively. And, in the second mode, for taking away the first or the second signal. And, in the third mode, for adding the first signal whilst simultaneously taking away the second signal. And, in the fourth mode, for adding the second signal whilst simultaneously taking away the first signal.
The second aspect of the invention relates to the method according to claim 13, transmitting the third signal to an external device to an amplifier converting the third signal in an acoustic sound, wherein the third signal is composed upon operating either the first or the second switch, by the processing unit, which processes the first signal and the second signal, according to the predetermined variation during the predetermined interval, during which interval the guitar player is dismissed from operating the pedal to achieve the switching effect, the switching effect being achieved without the occurrence of an audible switching sound like a clack.
In an embodiment, a selector transmits a sixth signal to the processing unit, the sixth signal defining a function according to which the predetermined variation and the predetermined interval is to be performed, and wherein the selector is used to select one out of a plurality of predetermined functions to obtain, upon operating either the first or the second switch, adaption of the third signal by the processing unit controlling adjustment of the first and/or the second volume controller, and wherein the processing unit receives the sixth signal and adapts the first and/or the second volume controller according to a predetermined variation during a predetermined interval corresponding to the selected one out of the plurality of predetermined functions. This measure provides selecting several different functions each causing an instruction or command via the sixth signal to the processing unit resulting in, upon operating either the first or the second switch, an adapted first signal and an adapted second signal according to the predetermined variation during the predetermined interval, resulting in different characteristics of the third signal for each one of the plurality of predetermined functions, thereby omitting the requirement of the guitar player to control the pedal in a position between the first and the second extreme position, providing a free condition for a guitar player swinging during playing.
In an embodiment, selecting the one out of a plurality of predetermined functions comprises selecting an instant switch function, selecting a gradual switch function or selecting a mix function. This measure provides selection of fast switching without the occurrence of an audible switching sound like a clack, of gradual switching without the occurrence of a fierce, rugged or wild sound transition, of a coexisting first and second signal according to a predetermined, longer time interval.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
For the purpose of illustrating the invention, the drawing shows aspects of at least one embodiment of the invention. However, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown in the drawings, wherein:
Figure 1 shows an electric guitar connected with a device according to the invention via a splitter device.
Figure 2 shows an electric guitar connected with a device according to the invention via a duplicator device.
Figure 3 is a schematic view of a circuit comprised in the device according to the invention.
Figure 4 shows an example of a level of signals determined by a processing unit comprised in the device according to the invention.
It should be noted that items which have the same reference numbers in different figures, have the same structural features and the same functions, or are the same signals. Where the function and/or structure of such item has been explained, there is no necessity for repeated explanation thereof in the detailed description.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
It should be noted that items which have the same reference numbers in different figures, have the same structural features and the same functions. Where the function and/or structure of such item has been explained, there is no necessity for repeated explanation thereof in the detailed description.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that those skilled in the art will be able to design many alternative embodiments.
Figures 1 and 2 depict a schematic view of an electric guitar 1, 2, both having a first pickup 10 and a second pickup 20 which are known in the art as a bridge pickup and a neck pickup, the bridge pickup located on the guitar body close to the bridge, and the neck pickup located on the guitar close to the neck. The first and second pickups 10, 20 receive a first and second signal respectively by means of plucking the strings locating on the guitar.
Figure 1 shows a stereo cable 30 comprising a first wire 15 connected to the first pickup 10 and a second wire 25 connected to the second pickup 20 of the guitar 1. The first and the second wire 15, 25 are at least partly bundled together to form the stereo cable 30, both wires 15, 25 capable of transporting the first and the second signal generated by the first and the second pickup 10, 20 respectively. Bundled wires 15, 25 of the stereo cable 30 are connected to a splitter device 50 via a input plug 55, the splitter device 50 being arranged to split the stereo cable 30 in two separate outputs 51, 52 conducting the first and the second signal respectively.
Figure 2 shows a single cable 40 comprising a shared wire 40 connected to a junction 41, the junction 41 comprising a toggle switch 42 locating on the guitar 2. The junction 41 is coupled to the first wire 15 connected to the first pickup 10 and a second wire 25 connected to the second pickup 20 of the guitar 2, the first and the second wire 15, 25 capable of transporting the first and the second signal generated by the first and the second pickup 10, 20 respectively. The toggle switch 42 is arranged to be set in three different modes. In a first setting, the toggle switch 42 allows to pass only the first signal from the first pickup 10 to the single cable 40. In a second setting, the toggle switch 42 allows to pass only the second signal from the second pickup 20 to the single cable 40. And in a third setting, the toggle switch 42 allows to pass both the first and the second signal from the first and the second pickup 10, 20 to the single cable 40.
The single cable 40 is connected to a duplicator device 60 via a input plug 65, the duplicator device 60 being arranged to duplicate a signal present on the single cable 40 in two separate outputs 61, 62 conducting the first and/or the second signal.
The first output 51, 61 is coupled to the first input plug 81 of the device 80 according to the invention via an first input cable 76, and the second output 52, 62 is coupled to the second input plug 82 of the device 80 according to the invention via an second input cable 77.
Figures 1 and 2 show an optional first effect device 71 arranged to apply a first effect on the first signal present on the first output 51, 61, resulting in an adapted first signal to be present on the first input plug 81. Similarly a second effect device 72 may be arranged to apply a second effect on the second signal present on the second output 52, 62, resulting in an adapted second signal to be present on the second input plug 82. The first and second effect devices 71, 72 are to be operated by the guitar player by means of a pedal corresponding to the effect desired by the guitar player. Such effect devices 71,72 are able to generate distortion, wah, chorus, flanger, delay, reverb, overdrive and more other effects common to musicians.
Figure 3 shows the device 80 according to the invention, the device 80 comprising the first input plug 81, the second input plug 82, and an output plug 83, capable of transporting a first signal 810, a second signal 820, and a third signal 830 respectively. The device 80 according to the invention provides the guitar player playing the guitar 1 to switch between the first and second signal 810, 820 as a result of signals generated by the first and second pickup 10, 20, and to mix the first and second signal 810, 820 as a result of signals generated by the first and second pickup 10, 20. The device 80 according to the invention provides the guitar player playing the guitar 2 to switch between the first and second signal 810, 820 as a result of signals generated by the first and second pickup 10, 20 and passed through the toggle switch 42, and to mix the first and second signal 810, 820 as a result of signals generated by the first and second pickup 10, 20 and passed through the toggle switch 42.
The device 80 according to the invention provides the third signal 830 present on the output plug 83, the third signal 830 to be transmitted to an external device 90, such as an amplifier AMP in connection with a speaker causing an audible sound.
Figure 3 shows a circuit system of the device 80, comprising a first volume controller 801 in connection with the first input plug 81 and a second volume controller 802 in connection with the second input plug 82, the first and the second volume controller 801, 802 being arranged to adapt the volume of the first and the second signal 810, 820 respectively. The first and the second volume controller 801,802 may be formed by a first and second potentiometer respectively, and arranged to be controlled by a micro controller 803 forming a processing unit 803 connected to the first and the second volume controller 801,802, the processing unit 803 being configured to adapt the first and the second signal 810, 820 in an adapted first signal 810’ and an adapted second signal 802’ respectively.
The processing unit 803 determines the volume of the adapted first signal 810’ and the adapted second signal 820’, simultaneously, between a minimum value and a maximum value based on a predetermined variation during a predetermined interval. Therefore, the processing unit 803 is arranged to perform instructions via a seventh signal 870 to the first volume controller 801 and via an eighth signal 880 to the second volume controller 802. The instructions are at least partly programmed in a program running on the processing unit 803 allowing instructions during the program is run, a command comprising the instructions being given via a first switch 804 and a second switch 805. In this embodiment, the first and second switch 804, 805 are arranged on the device 80 according the invention, the switches 804, 805 each being formed by a pedal which are known in the art.
The first switch 804 is configured to transmit a fourth signal 844 to the processing unit 803 to operate the processing unit 803 controlling the first volume controller 801, and the second switch 805 is configured to transmit a fifth signal 855 to the processing unit 803 to operate the processing unit 803 controlling the second volume controller 802. The processing unit 803 is, upon operating either the first or the second switch 804, 805, configured to control the first volume controller 801 and the second volume controller 802 according to a predetermined variation during a predetermined interval.
Figure 4 shows a diagram in which two curves are depicted, a first curve 101, 10T corresponding to the adapted first signal 810’ and a second curve 102, 102’, 102” corresponding to the adapted second signal 802’. At the start TO of the curves, the first signal 810’ is set according to the first curve 101 wherein the first volume controller 801 is set by the processing unit 803 to allow the adapted first signal 810’ on its maximum value. At the start TO of the curves, the second signal 820’ is set according to the second curve 102 wherein the second volume controller 802 is set by the processing unit 803 to allow the adapted second signal 820’ on its minimum value.
At a time T1, the second switch 805 is operated as a result of which the second signal 820’ is set according to the second curve 102’ wherein the second volume controller 802 is controlled by the processing unit 803 to allow, in this example, a gradual increasing volume of the adapted second signal 820’from its minimum value towards its maximum value at a time T2, while the first signal 810’ is still kept on its maximum value. In the time period between T1 and T2, both the first signal 810’ and the second signal 820’ are present at the same time which means that these signals 810’ and 820’ are actually mixed by adding these signals 810’ and 820’ to an adding-unit 807, the adapted first signal 810’ and the adapted second 820’ signal forming a third signal 830. The output plug 83 is connected to the adding-unit 807 for transmitting the third signal 830 to the external device 90.
At the time T2, the second signal 820’ has reached its maximum volume and continuous according to this example on its maximum volume following the second curve 102”. At the time T2, the first signal 810’ starts dropping, according to this example, from its its maximum volume to its minimum volume following the first curve 101’ and remains at its minimum volume from a time T3. In this example, the first signal 810’ starts dropping automatically at the moment the second signal 820’ has reached its maximum volume. It could have been programmed however, that the first curve 101 remained at its maximum level during which a maximum mixing of the first and second signal 810’, 820’ would have occurred. And it may be programmed in such a way that dropping the first signal 810’ starts upon operating the first switch 804.
For using such different operations and to select these distinct operation types, the device 80 according to the invention comprises a selector 806 which is configured to transmit a sixth signal 866 to the processing unit 803. The selector 806 is configured to allow a selection of a function to acquire a function based adaption of the third signal 830 by controlling adjustment of the first and the second volume controller 801,802. The processing unit 803 is configured to compose the third signal 830 based on a set of predetermined functions.
In order to provide feedback to the guitar player, the device 80 according to the invention comprises a first light indicator 808 connected with the processing unit 803, the first light indicator 808 being arranged to present a first volume level indicating the actual adjustment of the first volume controller 801 generating the volume of the adapted first signal 810’. Similarly the device 80 comprises a second light indicator 809 connected with the processing unit 803, the second light indicator 809 being arranged to present a second volume level indicating the actual adjustment of the second volume controller 802 generating the volume of the adapted second signal 820’.
In this embodiment, both light indicators 808, 809 comprise an elongated scale distribution between a minimum value and a maximum value, the minimum value and the maximum value respectively corresponding to an absence and to a maximum presence of the adapted first or second signal 810’, 820’.
In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim. Use of the verb “comprise” and its conjugates does not exclude the presence of elements or steps other than those stated in a claim. The article “a” or “an” preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. The invention may be implemented by means of hardware comprising several distinct elements, and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In the device claim enumerating several means, several of these means may be embodied by one and the same item of hardware. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage.
Summarized, the invention relates to a device for processing input signals, the device comprising inputs for receiving input signals; volume controllers in connection with the inputs, the volume controllers being arranged to control the volume of the input signals into adapted signals; an adding-unit for mixing the adapted signals, the adapted signals being added to form a third signal; an output connected to the adding-unit for transmitting the third signal to an external device; a processing unit connected to the volume controllers, the processing unit being configured for controlling adjustment of the volume controllers, thereby determining the adapted signals; switches configured to operate the processing unit controlling the volume controllers, wherein the processing unit is configured to control the volume controllers simultaneously and to adapt, upon operating either switch, each volume controller according to a predetermined variation during a predetermined interval.
Alternatively, the guitar 1, 2 may be equipped with a third pickup, the third pick up being connected to a toggle switch 42 arranged for transmitting a electric signal from either the first pick 10, the second pick up 20, the third pick up, or a combination of the first and second pick up 10, 20, or a combination of the first and third pick up, or a combination of the second and third pick up. Alternatively, the duplicator 60 may be equipped with more than the two outputs 61, 62, and the device according to the invention may be equipped with more than the two inputs 81,82. Such configuration is advantageous because the number of operation types or characteristics of the third signal is enlarged significantly while the device as such remains compact and easy to handle.
Claims (14)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL2016257A NL2016257B1 (en) | 2016-02-12 | 2016-02-12 | Device for processing audio effect signals. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL2016257A NL2016257B1 (en) | 2016-02-12 | 2016-02-12 | Device for processing audio effect signals. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NL2016257A NL2016257A (en) | 2017-08-21 |
| NL2016257B1 true NL2016257B1 (en) | 2017-08-25 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL2016257A NL2016257B1 (en) | 2016-02-12 | 2016-02-12 | Device for processing audio effect signals. |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| NL (1) | NL2016257B1 (en) |
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- 2016-02-12 NL NL2016257A patent/NL2016257B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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| NL2016257A (en) | 2017-08-21 |
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