NL2012802B1 - Electro-osmotic display. - Google Patents

Electro-osmotic display. Download PDF

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Publication number
NL2012802B1
NL2012802B1 NL2012802A NL2012802A NL2012802B1 NL 2012802 B1 NL2012802 B1 NL 2012802B1 NL 2012802 A NL2012802 A NL 2012802A NL 2012802 A NL2012802 A NL 2012802A NL 2012802 B1 NL2012802 B1 NL 2012802B1
Authority
NL
Netherlands
Prior art keywords
common electrode
pixel electrode
electrode
fingers
base
Prior art date
Application number
NL2012802A
Other languages
Dutch (nl)
Inventor
Victor Henzen Alexander
Original Assignee
Hj Forever Patents B V
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hj Forever Patents B V filed Critical Hj Forever Patents B V
Priority to NL2012802A priority Critical patent/NL2012802B1/en
Priority to PCT/NL2015/050333 priority patent/WO2015174834A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of NL2012802B1 publication Critical patent/NL2012802B1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
    • G02F1/166—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect
    • G02F1/167—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
    • G02F1/1675—Constructional details
    • G02F1/1676—Electrodes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
    • G02F1/1675—Constructional details
    • G02F2001/1678—Constructional details characterised by the composition or particle type
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
    • G02F2201/12—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 electrode
    • G02F2201/124—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 electrode interdigital

Abstract

The present invention relates to an electro-osmotic display comprising a transparent common electrode arranged on a first transparent substrate, and a pixel electrode arranged on a second substrate. The common electrode comprises a base and at least two fingers extending from that base and the pixel electrode comprises a base and at least one finger extending from that base. The fingers of the common electrode and the pixel electrode are arranged in an interdigitated manner. According to the invention, the fingers of the pixel electrode and the common electrode taper outwardly in a direction away from the base of that electrode. It is stipulated that the use of tapering improves the secondary electro-osmotic flow allowing charged pigment particles to be transported away more efficiently.

Description

Electro-osmotic display
The present invention relates to an electro-osmotic display. These displays typically comprise a first transparent substrate and a second substrate, wherein a transparent common electrode is arranged on the first substrate and a pixel electrode is arranged on the second substrate. A liquid is arranged in between the first and second substrates, contacting the pixel and common electrodes. Charged pigment particles are dispersed in the liquid, thereby forming an electrophoretic dispersion.
The electro-osmotic display comprises a plurality of pixels. For each pixel, a potential for the pixel electrode can be set individually, whereas a potential for the common electrode is set for a plurality of pixels at the same time. The pixels may or may not be identical.
The operation of the known display will be explained by referring to cross sectional views of a pixel as illustrated in figures 1A and IB. Here, two parts of the same pixel electrode 1 are arranged laterally offset with respect to a common electrode 2. Negatively charged black pigment particles 3 are suspended in the liquid along with, inter alia, negatively and positively charged nonpigment ions and/or molecules 4,4+. Common electrode 2 is arranged on a first transparent substrate 5 and pixel electrode 1 is arranged on a second substrate 6.
When a positive voltage is applied between common electrode 2 and pixel electrode 1, i.e. common electrode 2 is at a higher potential, negatively charged black pigment particles 3 and negatively charged non-pigment ions and/or molecules 4 will be attracted towards common electrode 2 and positively charged non-pigment ions and/or molecules 4+ will be attracted towards pixel electrode 1. Charged non-pigment ions and/or molecules 4,4+ are typically smaller and more mobile than negatively charged black pigment particles 3. Consequently, near common electrode 2 a thin layer of negatively charged non-pigment ions and/or molecules 4 is formed that is relatively fixed with respect to common electrode 2. This layer is illustrated in figures 1A and IB. Adjacent to this layer, in a direction away from common electrode 2, a depletion layer having a net positive charge is formed due to the surplus of positively charged non-pigment ions and/or molecules 4+. At pixel electrode 1, the opposite holds. There, a thin layer of positively charged non-pigment ions and/or molecules 4 is formed, adjacent to which a depletion layer having a net negative charge is formed. Unlike the thin layers near the surface mentioned before, the depletion layers are not fixed to the electrodes.
It is known from the art that the depletion layers near electrodes 1, 2 will experience a net force parallel to the electrodes 1, 2 as a result of the applied voltage between electrodes 1, 2. More in particular, in figure 1A, the depletion layer near common electrode 2 will be attracted towards pixel electrode 1, and the depletion layer near pixel electrode 1 will be attracted towards common electrode 2 due to the electric field that is directed from electrode 2 to electrode 1. Consequently, a flow as indicated by arrows 7 will be induced in the liquid that is responsible for the transport of negatively charged pigment particles 3. Hereinafter, this flow will be referred to as the primary electro-osmotic flow.
By inspecting figure IB, which illustrates the situation wherein common electrode 2 has a lower potential, it can be seen that the flow in the liquid has the same direction. This is because the change in direction of the electric field between electrodes 1, 2 is compensated by the net charge of the depletion layers, which is opposite to the situation depicted in figure 1A.
The visual appearance of a pixel is determined by the distribution of the pigment particles in the pixel. Typically, an area of pixel electrode 1 is much smaller than an area of common electrode 2. Light entering the pixel will propagate through the liquid and is reflected by a diffusive reflector 8. Consequently, when all pigment particles 3 are accumulated near pixel electrode 1, the pixel will be largely transparent. Using diffusive reflector 8 will in this situation provide for a white appearance. Conversely, in figure IB, light will encounter pigment particles 3 and the pixel will therefore appear black.
Figure 2 illustrates a top view of a known pixel electrode and common electrode layout. Figure 2 only illustrates half of the pixel layout as the layout is symmetric with respect to line of symmetry 9.
Pixel electrode 1 comprises a base 10 from which two fingers 11 extend. Similarly, common electrode 2 comprises a base 12 from which a finger 13 extends in between two fingers 11 of pixel electrode 1. Side parts 14 of common electrode 2 could also be designated as fingers.
Arrows 7 indicate the direction of the primary electro-osmotic flow. However, a secondary electro-osmotic flow, indicated by arrows 15 will be generated due to asymmetry of the electrode layout. This secondary electro-osmotic flow is also known in the art.
The applicant has found that the known electrode layout is not without drawbacks. More in particular, the applicant has found that during operation charged pigment particles will accumulate in region A indicated in figure 2. These particles will not respond adequately to the application of a voltage difference between pixel electrode 1 and common electrode 2. In some cases, the particles are essentially stuck in region A. As such, a pixel cannot achieve the proper white values and/or contrast it is designed for.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a solution to the abovementioned problem.
This object has been achieved by an electro-osmotic display as defined in claim 1. According to the invention, the display comprises a transparent common electrode arranged on a first transparent substrate, a preferably transparent pixel electrode arranged on a second preferably transparent substrate, and a liquid in between the first and second substrates in which charged pigment particles are dispersed. The common electrode comprises a base and at least two fingers extending from that base and the pixel electrode comprises a base and at least one finger extending from that base. Furthermore, the fingers of the common electrode and the pixel electrode are arranged in an interdigitated manner.
The display is characterized in that the fingers of the pixel electrode and the common electrode taper outwardly in a direction away from the base of that electrode.
Not being bound by theory, it is stipulated that the tapering improves the secondary electro-osmotic flow allowing pigment particles previously stuck in region A indicated in figure 2 to be transported away. It is further stipulated that the underlying physical mechanism by which the charged particles are stuck in region A is a lack of secondary electro-osmotic flow and a lack of primary electro-osmotic flow, the latter being related to the symmetry of the electrode layout. For instance, region A in finger 13 lies in between two fingers 11 of pixel electrode 1. In case common electrode 2 is made negative with respect to pixel electrode 1, the negatively charged pigment particles will be pushed away from common electrode 2. An electric field having a component parallel to common electrode 2 will be generated in the direction from fingers 11 to finger 13. However, due to symmetry, no net electric field parallel to common electrode 2 will be present near axis of symmetry S in finger 13. In case no suitable secondary electro-osmotic flow is present in the pixel, charged pigment particles will become trapped in region A as indicated in figure 2.
The applicant has found that the use of an outwardly tapering finger for both the pixel electrode and the common electrode alleviates the abovementioned problem considerably. It is stipulated that the use of tapering improves the secondary electro-osmotic flow allowing charged pigment particles previously trapped to be transported away efficiently.
The fingers of the common electrode and the at least one finger of the pixel electrode can be adjacently arranged and the at least one finger of the pixel electrode may extend towards the base of the common electrode and the fingers of the common electrode may extend towards the base of the pixel electrode. A distance between the fingers of the common electrode and the at least one finger of the pixel electrode may be constant along a longitudinal direction of the fingers
An angle of tapering may lie in a range between 1 and 10 degrees, and more preferably between 3 and 7 degrees. Increasing the angle of tapering increases the space occupied by the pixel electrode. The skilled person therefore understands that the angle of tapering cannot be chosen too large. A smallest width of the fingers of the common electrode may be larger than a largest width of the at least one finger of the pixel electrode. Additionally or alternatively, a largest width of the fingers of the common electrode may be at least three times larger than a largest width of the at least one finger of the pixel electrode.
It is noted that the pixel electrode functions as an accumulation electrode in the sense that a white or transparent appearance of a pixel corresponds to the pigment particles being completely or largely accumulated near the pixel electrode. The total size of this electrode must therefore be kept as small as possible. This being said, enough pixel electrode area must be available to generate the primary and secondary electro-osmotic flows.
Next, the invention will be described in more detail referring to the appended figures, wherein:
Figure 1A and IB illustrate cross sections of a pixel of a known electro-osmotic display;
Figure 2 illustrates a top view of the electrode layout of the pixel of figure 1;
Figures 3A-3F illustrate electrode layouts of a pixel of an electro-osmotic display in accordance with the invention.
The abovementioned problem of the trapping of charged pigment particles at particular positions in the electrode layout has not been observed, or at least to a lesser extent, using the electrode layouts depicted in figures 3A-3F.
The pixel electrode is driven using an active matrix. Typically, the distance between the first and second substrates is in the order of 10-20 micrometer. The distance between the pixel electrode and common electrode near the fingers of these electrodes is preferably less than two times the distance between the substrates.
The invention is not limited to the embodiments shown in the figures. For instance, it is not limited to the particular flow direction of the primary and secondary electro-osmotic flows shown in the figures. More in particular, the flow direction may be reversed without departing from the principles of the present invention. The number, polarity and type of the charged pigment particles can be varied. For instance, two oppositely charged pigment particles may be used, such as red and green.
It should therefore be obvious to the skilled person that various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention which is defined in the appended claims.

Claims (6)

1. Elektro-osmotisch beeldscherm omvattende: een transparante gemeenschappelijke elektrode geplaatst op een eerste transparante substraat; een pixelelektrode geplaatst op een tweede substraat; een vloeistof tussen de eerste en tweede substraten in welke geladen pigmentdeeltjes zijn gedispergeerd; waarbij de gemeenschappelijke elektrode een basis en ten minste twee vingers omvat welke zich uitstrekken vanuit die basis en waarbij de pixelelektrode ten minste één basis en ten minste één vinger omvat welke zich vanuit die basis uitstrekt; waarbij de vingers van de gemeenschappelijke elektrode en de pixelelektrode geplaatst zijn op een wijze gelijkend aan in elkaar geschoven kamstructuur; met het kenmerk dat de vingers van de pixelelektrode en de gemeenschappelijke elektrode in een richting weg van de basis van die elektrode taps naar buiten toe verlopen.An electro-osmotic display comprising: a transparent common electrode disposed on a first transparent substrate; a pixel electrode disposed on a second substrate; a liquid between the first and second substrates in which charged pigment particles are dispersed; wherein the common electrode comprises a base and at least two fingers extending from that base and wherein the pixel electrode comprises at least one base and at least one finger extending from that base; wherein the fingers of the common electrode and the pixel electrode are positioned in a manner similar to collapsed comb structure; characterized in that the fingers of the pixel electrode and the common electrode extend outwardly in a direction away from the base of that electrode. 2. Elektro-osmotisch beeldscherm volgens conclusie 1, waarbij de vingers van de gemeenschappelijke elektrode en ten minste één vinger van de pixelelektrode naast elkaar zijn geplaatst en waarbij ten minste één vinger van de pixelelektrode zich uitstrekt naar de basis van de gemeenschappelijke elektrode en waarbij de vingers van de gemeenschappelijke elektrode zich uitstrekken richting de basis van de pixelelektrode.The electro-osmotic display of claim 1, wherein the fingers of the common electrode and at least one finger of the pixel electrode are placed side by side and wherein at least one finger of the pixel electrode extends to the base of the common electrode and wherein the fingers of the common electrode extend toward the base of the pixel electrode. 3. Elektro-osmotisch beeldscherm volgens conclusie 1 of 2, waarbij een afstand tussen de ten minste één vinger van de pixelelektrode en naastgelegen vingers van de gemeenschappelijke elektrode constant is langs een lengterichting van de ten minste één vinger.The electro-osmotic display of claim 1 or 2, wherein a distance between the at least one finger of the pixel electrode and adjacent fingers of the common electrode is constant along a longitudinal direction of the at least one finger. 4. Elektro-osmotisch beeldscherm volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij een hoek van het taps verlopen in een bereik ligt tussen 1 en 10 graden, en meer bij voorkeur tussen 3 en 7 graden.An electro-osmotic display according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein an angle of taper is in a range between 1 and 10 degrees, and more preferably between 3 and 7 degrees. 5. Elektro-osmotisch beeldscherm volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij een kleinste breedte van de vingers van de gemeenschappelijke elektrode groter is dan een grootste breedte van de ten minste één vinger van de pixelelektrode.The electro-osmotic display according to any of the preceding claims, wherein a smallest width of the fingers of the common electrode is greater than a largest width of the at least one finger of the pixel electrode. 6. Elektro-osmotisch beeldscherm volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij een grootste breedte van de vingers van de gemeenschappelijke elektrode ten minste drie keer groter is dan een grootste breedte van de ten minste één vinger van de pixelelektrode.The electro-osmotic display of any one of the preceding claims, wherein a largest width of the fingers of the common electrode is at least three times greater than a largest width of the at least one finger of the pixel electrode.
NL2012802A 2014-05-12 2014-05-12 Electro-osmotic display. NL2012802B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL2012802A NL2012802B1 (en) 2014-05-12 2014-05-12 Electro-osmotic display.
PCT/NL2015/050333 WO2015174834A1 (en) 2014-05-12 2015-05-12 Electro-osmotic display

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL2012802A NL2012802B1 (en) 2014-05-12 2014-05-12 Electro-osmotic display.

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NL2012802B1 true NL2012802B1 (en) 2016-02-24

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WO (1) WO2015174834A1 (en)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007092253A2 (en) * 2006-02-02 2007-08-16 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Induced-charge electro-osmotic microfluidic devices
WO2009108187A1 (en) * 2008-02-26 2009-09-03 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Electrophoretic display device
US20110013259A1 (en) * 2008-03-28 2011-01-20 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Manufacturing method for charged particle migration type display panel, charged particle migration type display panel, and charged particle migration type display apparatus
WO2011036433A1 (en) * 2009-09-22 2011-03-31 The Secretary Of State For Defence Particle concentration in a liquid flow

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007092253A2 (en) * 2006-02-02 2007-08-16 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Induced-charge electro-osmotic microfluidic devices
WO2009108187A1 (en) * 2008-02-26 2009-09-03 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Electrophoretic display device
US20110013259A1 (en) * 2008-03-28 2011-01-20 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Manufacturing method for charged particle migration type display panel, charged particle migration type display panel, and charged particle migration type display apparatus
WO2011036433A1 (en) * 2009-09-22 2011-03-31 The Secretary Of State For Defence Particle concentration in a liquid flow

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