NL2011402C2 - Method for connecting measured interferometric synthetic aperture radar (insar) data to a geodetic reference system. - Google Patents

Method for connecting measured interferometric synthetic aperture radar (insar) data to a geodetic reference system. Download PDF

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NL2011402C2
NL2011402C2 NL2011402A NL2011402A NL2011402C2 NL 2011402 C2 NL2011402 C2 NL 2011402C2 NL 2011402 A NL2011402 A NL 2011402A NL 2011402 A NL2011402 A NL 2011402A NL 2011402 C2 NL2011402 C2 NL 2011402C2
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sar
transponder
signals
data
gnss
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NL2011402A
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Dutch (nl)
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Raymond Fransciscus Hanssen
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Univ Delft Tech
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
    • G01S13/9021—SAR image post-processing techniques
    • G01S13/9023—SAR image post-processing techniques combined with interferometric techniques
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/40—Means for monitoring or calibrating

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Description

P31664NL00/RAL
Title: Method for connecting measured interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data to a geodetic reference system
The invention relates to a method for connecting measured interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data to a geodetic reference system. In particular, satellite radar interferometry observations are considered, e.g. remote sensing satellites that observe the Earth. In particular, InSAR data comprises maps of surface deformation or digital elevations and may be used in geodesy and remote sensing.
Methods for connecting captured images from an Earth observation satellite are known.
For example, US-2009/0237297 discloses a method for correcting and correlating captured interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) maps of surface deformation with Global Positioning System (GPS) data. The InSAR maps are captured by means of an radar on board of an Earth observation satellite for obtaining high spatial resolution surface deformation maps. This method captures SAR images, calculates deformation maps using interferometry and corrects these deformation maps to GPS data at multiple locations where GPS measurements are available. For this purpose multiple GPS receivers are located in an area that is monitored. The disclosed method typically covers an area of roughly 100 km by 100 km.
By assuming that there is zero average motion around the perimeter of the area that is monitored, i.e. the edges of the deformation maps, and given the motion measured at the GPS location by linearly interpolating between the locations where GPS data is available and the edges of the deformation maps it is possible to estimate deformation of the surface seen in the deformation maps.
Drawback of this method is that it only considers the deformation, i.e. relative position as a function of time, and not the position of the radar scatterers/pixels themselves. A further drawback of this method is that the position of the GPS receiver in the deformation map is not known. This mismatch causes a bias both in the position as well as the estimated deformation of all scatterers/pixels in the deformation map. The method is not suitable for areas where the deformation is not spatially correlated, i.e. spatially smooth. It is therefore unsuitable for urban areas that comprise infrastructures, such as roads, buildings and other artificial objects that are uncorrelated with respect to each other in terms of their dynamic behaviour. A further drawback is that assuming zero motion of the edges of the deformation maps is seldom correct. At least, the method cannot be applied to deformation maps that have edges where it is inappropriate to assume that it has zero motion. This would result in a false estimation of surface deformation in the deformation map. A further drawback is that linearly interpolating GPS data between the location of the GPS receiver and the edges of the deformation map results in an accuracy that is limited to the accuracy of the assumption that the edges of the captured deformation map have zero motion. In case these edges do not have zero motion, the calculated surface deformations have an inaccuracy of at least the unknown motion of the edge.
This has as drawback that surface deformation can only be estimated where it is appropriate to assume that its edges have zero motion. Furthermore, the method does not provide a common reference frame of two non-overlapping deformation maps as it may well be that the respective edges of these deformation maps may be moving with respect to each other.
The object of the invention is to provide a solution to the above mentioned drawbacks or to at least provide an alternative.
In particular, the object of the invention is to provide a method for connecting measured interferomatric synthetic aperture radar data to a geodetic reference system.
This object is achieved by the method according to claim 1.
This method connects measured interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data to a geodetic reference system and comprises the step of capturing InSAR data of a predetermined observation region by means of emitting SAR signals from a SAR imaging system on board of an airborne vehicle and receiving reflected SAR signals from the predetermined observation region.
Preferably, the SAR imaging system is configured for capturing at least two SAR images. The SAR imaging system is further configured for generating or capturing InSAR data based on the at least two SAR images.
Preferably, interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data are maps of surface deformation or elevation generated by capturing the at least two synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. The maps of surface deformation or elevation are generated by using differences in the phase of the reflected SAR signals returning to the SAR imaging system.
Preferably, the airborne vehicle is space based and may for example be a satellite system orbiting the Earth. For example, the satellite system may be in a Low Earth Orbit, a High Earth Orbit or a Geostationary Earth Orbit.
In an alternative, the airborne vehicle is an airplane flying in the Earth atmosphere.
The predetermined observation region is preferably a ground surface that is of particular interest. For example, the predetermined observation region comprises subsidence-prone areas e.g. areas that are prone to subside and/or sink. The predetermined observation region may for example comprise buildings, roads and/or vegetation.
The method further comprises the step of providing Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) position data over time generated by at least one GNSS receiver that is located in the predetermined observation region.
Preferably, the GNSS receiver is a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver.
Alternatively, the GNSS receiver is a Galileo-receiver, a GLONASS-receiver or any other GNSS receiver that provides position data in a geodetic reference system.
Preferably, an existing GNSS receiver, already present in the predetermined observation region, is used for providing position data.
Alternatively, the GNSS receiver is placed in the predetermined observation region.
The method further comprises the step of connecting the GNSS position data over time with the captured InSAR data.
The GNSS receiver provides position data with respect to a geodetic reference system. The position data may comprise location data, velocity data and acceleration data corresponding to the location of the GNSS receiver.
Examples, of geodetic reference systems are the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84) and the Geodetic Reference System 1980 (GRS80).
Preferably, the geodetic reference system is an Earth Centred Earth Fixed (ECEF) reference system.
Alternatively, the geodetic reference system is an Earth Centred Inertial (ECI) reference system.
Depending on the type of GNSS receiver, e.g. GPS, Galileo, GLONASS, the position data is expressed with respect to a respective geodetic reference system. For example, GPS position data is expressed with respect to the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84).
The method further comprises the step of reflecting emitted SAR signals back to the SAR imaging system by means of a SAR transponder located in the predetermined observation region for generating a reference target in the captured SAR data;
The SAR transponder is preferably an active SAR transponder. The active SAR transponder receives the emitted SAR signals on a receiver antenna and instantaneously retransmits it as the reflected SAR signal back to the SAR imaging system.
Preferably, the active SAR transponder retransmits the received emitted SAR signal from the satellite similar to a prefect corner reflector. A corner reflector reflects the received emitted SAR signal with a same frequency and a constant phase relationship with the received emitted SAR signal from the satellite.
The method comprises the step of coupling of the SAR transponder and the GNSS receiver such that the position of the SAR transponder is known relative to the position of the GNSS receiver.
Preferably, the location of the origin of reflected SAR signals is known and constant relative to an antenna phase centre of the GNSS receiver.
Preferably, the coupling results from physically connecting the SAR transponder to the GNSS receiver such that the location of the origin of reflected SAR signals is known and constant relative to the antenna phase centre of the GNSS receiver.
In an alternative, when more than one GNSS receiver is placed in the predetermined observation region, each of the more than one GNSS receivers is coupled to a respective SAR transponder.
Thus, the GNSS receiver and the SAR transponder are coupled such that the location the SAR transponder is known and constant relative to the location of the GNSS receiver.
The method further comprises the step of determining the motion of the reference target in the captured InSAR data with respect to the geodetic reference system by connecting the reference target with the GNSS receiver data over time. GNSS receivers express their location data with respect to a geodetic reference system. For example, when the GNSS receiver is a GPS receiver, position data is expressed with respect to the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84).
The geodetic reference system provided by the GNSS receiver allows defining motion and location in a world spatial reference system co-rotating with the Earth.
Preferably, the geodetic reference system used in the method according to the invention is the geodetic reference system in which the GNSS receiver expresses its location data. For example, the GNSS receiver is a GPS receiver and the geodetic reference system is the WGS84.
Alternatively, the geodetic reference system used in the method according to the invention is different with respect to the geodetic reference system in which the GNSS receiver expresses its location data. The method may then further comprise the step of transforming between a first geodetic reference system and a second reference system.
By reflecting emitted SAR signals and generating the reference target in the captured InSAR data, it allows to determine where in the captured InSAR data the SAR transponder is located relatively with respect to other scatterers/pixels in the captured InSAR data. For examples, highlighted scatterers/pixels in the captured InSAR data correspond to the reference target and are in contrast with surrounding scatterers/pixels.
By coupling of the SAR transponder and the GNSS receiver the location of the SAR transponder is known relatively to the location of the GNSS receiver. This results in that the location of the reference target, i.e. the contrasting scatterers/pixels in the captured InSAR data, can be expressed by the GNSS position data with respect to the geodetic reference system. The geodetic reference system used is preferably the same as the geodetic reference system in which the GNSS receiver expresses its location data.
Therefore, determining the position and motion of the reference target is possible with respect to the geodetic reference system by connecting the reference target with the GNSS receiver data over time. Consequently, the position and motion of all coherent scatterers/pixels in the observation region can be derived.
This solves the problem of the state of art and provides a method for connecting captured InSAR data to an absolute geodetic reference system. This allows to accurately determine the position and motion of scatterers/pixels in captured InSAR data irrespective of the smoothness or correlation of the predetermined observation region. It therefore allows to determine the motion of objects with respect to the absolute geodetic reference frame.
In an embodiment of the method according to the invention, the GNSS receiver is a GNSS reference station defining the geodetic reference system.
This has as advantage that the GNSS receiver provides more accurate GNSS position data with respect to the geodetic reference system.
In an embodiment of the method according to the invention, the airborne vehicle is an Earth observation satellite or an airplane.
The airborne vehicle being an Earth observation satellite has as advantage that a large coverage, i.e. a large predetermined observation region can be captured.
The airborne vehicle being an airplane has as advantage that flexibility in choosing the predetermined observation region is increased. The airplane is relatively easy to manoeuvre above a desired predetermined observation region.
In an embodiment of the method according to the invention, the SAR transponder is an active SAR transponder, comprising a receiving antenna for receiving the emitted SAR signals, a power amplifier for amplifying received emitted SAR signals and a transmitting antenna for transmitting the received emitted SAR signals to the SAR imaging system as reflected SAR signals.
This has as advantage that the SAR transponder has a limited size and can be coupled easily mechanically to the GNSS receiver. Moreover, the active SAR transponder is less sensitive to environmental influence, such as precipitation, wind and/or physical damages.
In an embodiment of the method according to the invention, the SAR transponder is a passive SAR transponder comprising a reflector for reflecting the emitted SAR signals from the SAR imaging system back to the SAR imaging system.
This has as advantage that the reflecting device can work without external power and is less susceptible to thermo-electronic variability.
In particular, the SAR imaging system is a coherent imaging radar system.
In particular, the SAR transponder is configured for performing a radar-interferometry time series analysis.
In particular, the geodetic reference systems is a complete reference system for positioning a point on Earth, including datum, coordinate description and a coordinate system.
The invention further relates to a connection system according to claim 9. In particular, the connection system is suitable for performing the method according to the invention.
The connecting system according to the invention is suitable for connecting measured interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data to a geodetic reference system.
The connecting system comprises a SAR imaging system configured for capturing InSAR data by means of emitting SAR signals on board of an airborne vehicle and receiving reflected SAR signals from a predetermined observation region.
The connecting system comprises a GNSS receiver configured for providing GNSS position data over time.
The connecting system further comprises a connecting unit configured for receiving the GNSS position data over time and the captured InSAR data and connecting the GNSS position data over time with the captured InSAR data.
The connecting system further comprises a SAR transponder configured for reflecting emitted SAR signals back to the SAR imaging system for generating a reference target in the captured InSAR data. The SAR transponder is coupled to the GNSS receiver such that the position of the SAR transponder is known relative to the position of the GNSS receiver.
The connecting unit is further configured for determining the position and motion of the reference target in the captured InSAR data with respect to the geodetic reference system by connecting the reference target with the GNSS position data over time.
These and other aspects of the invention will be more readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description and considered in connection with the accompanying drawings in which like reference symbols designate like parts.
Figure 1 shows a SAR imaging system in a satellite system that contributes to performing the method according to the invention;
Figure 2 shows a SAR transponder reflecting emitted SAR signals and a GNSS receiver providing GNSS position data according to the invention;
Figure 3 shows the generation of a reference target in a captured SAR image;
Figure 4 shows the determining of the motion of the reference target in captured InSAR data with respect to the geodetic reference system.
Figure 5 shows an alternative SAR transponder, being a corner reflector that reflects emitted SAR signals to the SAR imaging system.
Figure 1 shows a SAR imaging system 2 on board of an airborne vehicle 4. Here, the airborne vehicle 4 is a satellite system orbiting Earth. The SAR imaging system 2 is configured for emitting SAR signals 5 and receiving reflected SAR signals 6 from a predetermined observation region A. The SAR imaging system 2 is configured for capturing interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data by means of capturing at least two synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images.
The InSAR data for example comprises a map of surface deformation or elevation generated by capturing the at least two synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. The map of surface deformation or elevation is generated by using differences in the phase of the reflected SAR signals δ returning to the SAR imaging system 2.
Figure 2 shows a GNSS receiver 8 that is located in the predetermined observation region A. The GNSS receiver 8 is configured for providing GNSS position data over time. The GNSS receiver 8 generates position data over time. Position data for example comprises location data, velocity data and/or acceleration data corresponding to the GNSS receiver 8. An example of a GNSS receiver 8 is a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver. Here, the GNSS receiver 8 is a GPS reference station.
Figure 2 further shows a SAR transponder 9, here an active SAR transponder. The SAR transponder is configured for reflecting received emitted SAR signals 5 back to the SAR imaging system 2 as reflected SAR signals 6. The SAR transponder 9 is located in the predetermined observation region A for generating a reference target R in the captured InSAR data.
Figure 3 shows the generation of a reference target R1, R2 in a SAR image. The SAR image shows the predetermined observation region A in which a scatterer/pixel is highlighted with respect to the surroundings. Shown are a first reference target R1 and a second reference target R2.
The SAR transponder 9 is coupled to the GNSS receiver 8 such that the position of the SAR transponder 8 is known relative to the position of the GNSS receiver 8.
This allows the step of determining the position and motion of the reference target R in captured InSAR data 11 with respect to a geodetic reference system by connecting the reference target R with the GNSS receiver data over time.
Figure 4 shows the captured InSAR data 11 and a reference target R. The InSAR data 11 is a map representing surface deformation. The position of this reference target R corresponds or is known relative to the position of the GNSS receiver 8. Knowing the location and motion of the reference target allows for other surface deformations in the captured InSAR data 11 to be determined.
By reflecting emitted SAR signals 5 and generating the reference target R in the captured InSAR data 11, it allows to determine where in the captured InSAR data 11 the SAR transponder 9 is located relatively with respect to other scatterers/pixels in the captured InSAR data 11.The reference target R is shown as highlighted scatterers/pixels in the captured InSAR data 11 and are in contrast with surrounding scatterers/pixels.
By coupling of the SAR transponder 9 and the GNSS receiver 8 the location of the SAR transponder 9 is known relatively to the location of the GNSS receiver 8. This results in that the location of the reference target R, i.e. the contrasting scatterers/pixels in the captured InSAR data 11, can be expressed by the GNSS position data with respect to the geodetic reference system. The geodetic reference system used is preferably the same as the geodetic reference system in which the GNSS receiver expresses its location data.
For example the geodetic reference system is the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84).
Hence, determining the position and motion of the reference target R is possible with respect to the geodetic reference system by connecting the reference target R with the GNSS receiver data over time. Consequently, the position and motion of all coherent scatterers/pixels in the observation region can be derived.
This allows to accurately determine the position and motion of scatterers/pixels in captured InSAR data 11 irrespective of the smoothness or correlation of the predetermined observation region A. It therefore allows to determine the motion of objects with respect to the absolute geodetic reference frame.
Shown in figure 4 is the reference target R and multiple deformation points P1.
These deformation points P1 are indicated with a colour representing an amount of deformation. A relation between colour and amount of deformation is indicated by a deformation scale indicator 40. This predetermined observation region A is non-smooth and uncorrelated as the deformation points in the predetermined observation region A have significant different amounts of deformation. For example, a first deformation point P1 is indicated with a dark colour, which means that according to the deformation scale indicator 40, this first deformation point P1 sinks approximately -3 mm per year. The other deformation point remain stable. Hence, knowing the position and location of the reference target R allows to more accurately determine deformations within the predetermined observation region A, preferably when the predetermined observation region A is nonsmooth and uncorrelated.
Furthermore shown the result of an interferometric time-series analysis T of the first deformation point P1.
Figure 5 shows an alternative SAR transponder 109 being a passive SAR transponder 109.
Here, the passive SAR transponder 109 comprises reflector that is located in the predetermined observation region A. The passive SAR transponder 109 comprises the reflector for reflecting the emitted SAR signals 5 from the SAR imaging system 2 back to the SAR imaging system 2.
The reflector is made of a spanned material that is suitable for reflecting the emitted SAR signals 5.
As required, detailed embodiments of the present invention are disclosed herein; however, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, which can be embodied in various forms. Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present invention in virtually any appropriate detailed structure. Further, the terms and phrases used herein are not intended to be limiting, but rather, to provide an understandable description of the invention.
The terms “a” or “an”, as used herein, are defined as one or more than one. The term “multiple”, as used herein, is defined as two or more than two. The term “another”, as used herein, is defined as at least a second or more. The terms “including” and/or “having”, as used herein, are defined as comprising (i.e. open language, not excluding other elements or steps). Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the scope of the claims of the invention.
The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage.

Claims (13)

1. Werkwijze voor het verbinden van waargenomen interferometrische synthetische aperture radar (InSAR) data (11) met een geodetisch referentiesysteem, omvattende de stappen van: het vastleggen van InSAR data (11) van een vooraf bepaald observatiegebied (A) met behulp van het verzenden van SAR signalen (5) vanuit een SAR afbeeldsysteem (2) aan boord van een vliegend voertuig (4) en het ontvangen van gereflecteerde SAR signalen (6) vanuit het vooraf bepaald observatiegebied (A); het verschaffen van GNSS positiedata over tijd gegeneerd door ten minste één GNSS ontvanger (8) die is geplaatst in het vooraf bepaald observatiegebied (A); het verbinden van GNSS positiedata over tijd met de vastgelegde InSAR data (11), met het kenmerk dat, de werkwijze verder de stappen omvat van: het reflecteren van verzonden SAR signalen (5) terug naar het SAR afbeeldsysteem (2) met behulp van een SAR transponder (9) geplaatst in het vooraf bepaald observatiegebied (A) voor het genereren van een referentiedoel (R1, R2) in de vastgelegde InSAR data (11); het koppelen van de SAR transponder (9) en de GNSS ontvanger (8) zodanig dat de positie van de SAR transponder (9) bekend is relatief ten opzichte van de positie van de GNSS ontvanger (8); het bepalen van de positie en beweging van het referentiedoel (R1, R2) in de vastgelegde InSAR data (11) ten opzichte van het geodetische referentiesysteem door middel van verbinden van het referentiedoel (R1, R2) met de GNSS positiedata over tijd.A method for connecting observed interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data (11) to a geodetic reference system, comprising the steps of: capturing InSAR data (11) from a predetermined observation area (A) by transmitting receiving SAR signals (5) from an SAR imaging system (2) on board a flying vehicle (4) and receiving reflected SAR signals (6) from the predetermined observation area (A); providing GNSS position data over time generated by at least one GNSS receiver (8) located in the predetermined observation area (A); connecting GNSS position data over time with the recorded InSAR data (11), characterized in that the method further comprises the steps of: reflecting transmitted SAR signals (5) back to the SAR display system (2) using a SAR transponder (9) placed in the predetermined observation area (A) for generating a reference target (R1, R2) in the recorded InSAR data (11); coupling the SAR transponder (9) and the GNSS receiver (8) such that the position of the SAR transponder (9) is known relative to the position of the GNSS receiver (8); determining the position and movement of the reference target (R1, R2) in the recorded InSAR data (11) relative to the geodetic reference system by connecting the reference target (R1, R2) to the GNSS position data over time. 2. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 1, waarbij de GNSS ontvanger (8) een GNSS referentiestation is dat het geodetische referentiesysteem definieert.The method of claim 1, wherein the GNSS receiver (8) is a GNSS reference station that defines the geodetic reference system. 3. Werkwijze volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij het vliegend voertuig (4) een aardobservatiesatelliet of een vliegtuig is.Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the flying vehicle (4) is an earth observation satellite or an aircraft. 4. Werkwijze volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de SAR transponder (9) een actieve SAR transponder (9) is voor het reflecteren van verzonden SAR signalen (5), omvattende een ontvangstantenne voor het ontvangen van verzonden SAR signalen (5), een vermogensversterker voor het versterken van ontvangen verzonden SAR signalen (5) en een verzendantenne voor het verzenden van de ontvangen verzonden SAR signalen (5) naar het SAR afbeeldingssysteem (2).Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the SAR transponder (9) is an active SAR transponder (9) for reflecting transmitted SAR signals (5), comprising a receiving antenna for receiving transmitted SAR signals (5), a power amplifier for amplifying received transmitted SAR signals (5) and a transmitting antenna for transmitting the received transmitted SAR signals (5) to the SAR imaging system (2). 5. Werkwijze volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de SAR transponder (9) een passieve SAR transponder (109) is omvattende een reflector voor het reflecteren van de verzonden SAR signalen (5) van het SAR afbeeldsysteem (2) terug naar het SAR afbeeldsysteem (2).The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the SAR transponder (9) is a passive SAR transponder (109) comprising a reflector for reflecting the transmitted SAR signals (5) from the SAR imaging system (2) back to the SAR imaging system (2). 6. Werkwijze volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij het SAR afbeeldsysteem (2) een coherent radar-afbeeldsysteem is.The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the SAR imaging system (2) is a coherent radar imaging system. 7. Werkwijze volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de SAR transponder (9, 109) is geconfigureerd voor het uitvoeren van een radar-interferometrische tijdserie analyse.The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the SAR transponder (9, 109) is configured to perform a radar interferometric time series analysis. 8. Werkwijze volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij het geodetische referentiesysteem een compleet referentie systeem is voor het positioneren van een punt op Aarde, omvattende een datum, coördinaten-beschrijving en een coördinaten-systeem.A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the geodetic reference system is a complete reference system for positioning a point on Earth, comprising a date, coordinate description and a coordinate system. 9. Verbindsysteem voor het verbinden van waargenomen interferometrische synthetische aperture radar (SAR) data (11) met een geodetisch referentiesysteem, waarbij het verbindingssysteem omvat: - een SAR afbeeldsysteem (2) geconfigureerd voor het vastleggen van InSAR data (11) met behulp van het verzenden van SAR signalen (5) aan boord van een vliegend voertuig (4) en het ontvangen van gereflecteerde SAR signalen (6) vanuit een vooraf bepaald observatiegebied (A); een GNSS ontvanger (8) geconfigureerd voor het verschaffen van GNSS positiedata over tijd; - een verbindeenheid geconfigureerd voor het ontvangen van GNSS positiedata over tijd en de vastgelegde InSAR data (11) en het verbinden van de GNSS positiedata over tijd met de vastgelegde InSAR data (11), met het kenmerk dat het systeem verder omvat: een SAR transponder (9, 109) geconfigureerd voor het reflecteren van verzonden SAR signalen (5) terug naar het SAR afbeeldsysteem (2) voor het genereren van een referentiedoel (R1, R2) in de vastgelegde InSAR data (11), waarbij de SAR transponder (9, 109) gekoppeld is met de GNSS ontvanger (8) zodanig dat de positie van de SAR transponder (9, 109) bekend is relatief ten opzichte van de positie van de GNSS ontvanger (8); waarbij de verbindeenheid verder is geconfigureerd voor het bepalen van de positie en beweging van het referentiedoel (R1, R2) in de vastgelegde InSAR data (11) ten opzichte van het geodetisch referentiesysteem door het verbinden van het referentiedoel (R1, R2) met de GNSS positiedata over tijd.A connection system for connecting observed interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data (11) to a geodetic reference system, the connection system comprising: - an SAR imaging system (2) configured to record InSAR data (11) using the sending SAR signals (5) on board a flying vehicle (4) and receiving reflected SAR signals (6) from a predetermined observation area (A); a GNSS receiver (8) configured to provide GNSS position data over time; - a connection unit configured to receive GNSS position data over time and the recorded InSAR data (11) and to connect the GNSS position data over time with the recorded InSAR data (11), characterized in that the system further comprises: an SAR transponder (9, 109) configured to reflect transmitted SAR signals (5) back to the SAR display system (2) for generating a reference target (R1, R2) in the captured InSAR data (11), the SAR transponder (9) 109) is coupled to the GNSS receiver (8) such that the position of the SAR transponder (9, 109) is known relative to the position of the GNSS receiver (8); the connecting unit further configured to determine the position and movement of the reference target (R1, R2) in the recorded InSAR data (11) relative to the geodetic reference system by connecting the reference target (R1, R2) to the GNSS position data about time. 10. Verbindsysteem volgens conclusie 9, waarbij de GNSS ontvanger (8) een GNSS referentiestation is dat het geodetische referentiesysteem definieert.The connection system of claim 9, wherein the GNSS receiver (8) is a GNSS reference station that defines the geodetic reference system. 11. Verbindsysteem volgens een van de conclusies 9-10, waarbij de SAR transponder (9) een actieve SAR transponder (9) is voor het reflecteren van verzonden SAR signalen (5), omvattende een ontvangstantenne voor het ontvangen van verzonden SAR signalen (5), een vermogensversterker voor het versterken van ontvangen verzonden SAR signalen (5) en een verzendantenne voor het verzenden van de ontvangen verzonden SAR signalen (5) naar het SAR afbeeldingssysteem (2).The connection system according to any of claims 9-10, wherein the SAR transponder (9) is an active SAR transponder (9) for reflecting transmitted SAR signals (5), comprising a receiving antenna for receiving transmitted SAR signals (5) ), a power amplifier for amplifying received transmitted SAR signals (5) and a transmitting antenna for transmitting the received transmitted SAR signals (5) to the SAR imaging system (2). 12. Verbindsysteem volgens een van de conclusies 9-10, waarbij de SAR transponder (9) een passieve SAR transponder (109) is omvattende een reflector voor het reflecteren van de verzonden SAR signalen (5) van het SAR afbeeldsysteem (2) terug naar het SAR afbeeldsysteem (2).A connection system according to any of claims 9-10, wherein the SAR transponder (9) is a passive SAR transponder (109) comprising a reflector for reflecting the transmitted SAR signals (5) from the SAR display system (2) back to the SAR imaging system (2). 13. Verbindsysteem volgens een van de conclusies 9-12, waarbij het verbindsysteem het vliegende voertuig (4) omvat welke een aardobservatiesatelliet of een vliegtuig is.A connection system according to any of claims 9-12, wherein the connection system comprises the flying vehicle (4) which is an earth observation satellite or an aircraft.
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