NL168191B - PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION AND COOLING OF SYNTHESIS GAS. - Google Patents

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION AND COOLING OF SYNTHESIS GAS.

Info

Publication number
NL168191B
NL168191B NL7002396.A NL7002396A NL168191B NL 168191 B NL168191 B NL 168191B NL 7002396 A NL7002396 A NL 7002396A NL 168191 B NL168191 B NL 168191B
Authority
NL
Netherlands
Prior art keywords
cooling
preparation
synthesis gas
synthesis
gas
Prior art date
Application number
NL7002396.A
Other languages
Dutch (nl)
Other versions
NL7002396A (en
NL168191C (en
Inventor
Jacobus Elso Vogel
Original Assignee
Shell Int Research
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shell Int Research filed Critical Shell Int Research
Priority to NLAANVRAGE7002396,A priority Critical patent/NL168191C/en
Priority to SU711616932A priority patent/SU639423A3/en
Priority to BE762844A priority patent/BE762844A/en
Priority to DE19712107904 priority patent/DE2107904A1/en
Priority to NO591/71A priority patent/NO132984C/no
Priority to SE02093/71A priority patent/SE367012B/xx
Priority to IE195/71A priority patent/IE34954B1/en
Priority to CS1232A priority patent/CS171225B2/cs
Priority to DK74171AA priority patent/DK134431B/en
Priority to ES388403A priority patent/ES388403A1/en
Priority to AT140871A priority patent/AT324277B/en
Priority to FR7105512A priority patent/FR2078758A5/fr
Priority to JP712471A priority patent/JPS5330721B1/en
Priority to CA105737A priority patent/CA918015A/en
Priority to ZA711065A priority patent/ZA711065B/en
Priority to CH235671A priority patent/CH556301A/en
Priority to FI463/71A priority patent/FI53461C/en
Priority to GB2210571A priority patent/GB1342317A/en
Publication of NL7002396A publication Critical patent/NL7002396A/xx
Publication of NL168191B publication Critical patent/NL168191B/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of NL168191C publication Critical patent/NL168191C/en

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72Other features
    • C10J3/86Other features combined with waste-heat boilers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/36Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01CAMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
    • C01C1/00Ammonia; Compounds thereof
    • C01C1/02Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
    • C01C1/04Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase
    • C01C1/0405Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst
    • C01C1/0482Process control; Start-up or cooling-down procedures
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/485Entrained flow gasifiers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72Other features
    • C10J3/78High-pressure apparatus
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72Other features
    • C10J3/82Gas withdrawal means
    • C10J3/84Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093Coal
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0943Coke
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0946Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0956Air or oxygen enriched air
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959Oxygen
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0973Water
    • C10J2300/0976Water as steam
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1846Partial oxidation, i.e. injection of air or oxygen only
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1861Heat exchange between at least two process streams
    • C10J2300/1884Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being synthesis gas
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1861Heat exchange between at least two process streams
    • C10J2300/1892Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being water/steam
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/52Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
NLAANVRAGE7002396,A 1970-02-20 1970-02-20 PROCESS FOR PREPARING AND COOLING SYNTHESIS GAS. NL168191C (en)

Priority Applications (18)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NLAANVRAGE7002396,A NL168191C (en) 1970-02-20 1970-02-20 PROCESS FOR PREPARING AND COOLING SYNTHESIS GAS.
SU711616932A SU639423A3 (en) 1970-02-20 1971-01-29 Method of automatic regulation of process of preparing and cooling gas mixture
BE762844A BE762844A (en) 1970-02-20 1971-02-12 PROCEDURE FOR AUTOMATICALLY MONITORING A DEVICE FOR THE PREPARATION AND COOLING OF SYNTHESIS GAS
JP712471A JPS5330721B1 (en) 1970-02-20 1971-02-18 Method of automatic regulation of process of preparing and cooling gas mixture
SE02093/71A SE367012B (en) 1970-02-20 1971-02-18
IE195/71A IE34954B1 (en) 1970-02-20 1971-02-18 Method of detecting pressure differences in an apparatus for the preparation and cooling of synthesis gas
CS1232A CS171225B2 (en) 1970-02-20 1971-02-18
DK74171AA DK134431B (en) 1970-02-20 1971-02-18 Method and apparatus for automatically monitoring an apparatus for producing and cooling synthesis gas.
DE19712107904 DE2107904A1 (en) 1970-02-20 1971-02-18 A method for automatically monitoring a device for generating and cooling a gas mixture containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide and a device for carrying out the method
AT140871A AT324277B (en) 1970-02-20 1971-02-18 DEVICE FOR GENERATING AND COOLING A GAS MIXTURE CONTAINING HYDROGEN AND CARBON MONOXYDE
FR7105512A FR2078758A5 (en) 1970-02-20 1971-02-18
NO591/71A NO132984C (en) 1970-02-20 1971-02-18
CA105737A CA918015A (en) 1970-02-20 1971-02-18 Method for the automatic watching of an apparatus for the preparation and cooling of synthesis gas
ZA711065A ZA711065B (en) 1970-02-20 1971-02-18 Method for the automatic watching of an apparatus for the preparation and cooling of synthesis gas
CH235671A CH556301A (en) 1970-02-20 1971-02-18 PROCESS FOR AUTOMATIC MONITORING OF A DEVICE FOR GENERATING AND COOLING A GAS MIXTURE CONTAINING HYDROGEN AND CARBON MONOXYDE.
FI463/71A FI53461C (en) 1970-02-20 1971-02-18 FOER REFRIGERATION FOR AUTOMATIC CONNECTION AND ENCLOSURE FOR FRAME STARTING AND SYNTHESIS
ES388403A ES388403A1 (en) 1970-02-20 1971-02-18 Method of detecting pressure differences in an apparatus for the preparation and cooling of synthesis gas
GB2210571A GB1342317A (en) 1970-02-20 1971-04-19 Method of detecting pressure differences in an apparatus for the preparation and cooling of synthesis gas

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NLAANVRAGE7002396,A NL168191C (en) 1970-02-20 1970-02-20 PROCESS FOR PREPARING AND COOLING SYNTHESIS GAS.

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
NL7002396A NL7002396A (en) 1971-08-24
NL168191B true NL168191B (en) 1981-10-16
NL168191C NL168191C (en) 1982-03-16

Family

ID=19809383

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
NLAANVRAGE7002396,A NL168191C (en) 1970-02-20 1970-02-20 PROCESS FOR PREPARING AND COOLING SYNTHESIS GAS.

Country Status (18)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS5330721B1 (en)
AT (1) AT324277B (en)
BE (1) BE762844A (en)
CA (1) CA918015A (en)
CH (1) CH556301A (en)
CS (1) CS171225B2 (en)
DE (1) DE2107904A1 (en)
DK (1) DK134431B (en)
ES (1) ES388403A1 (en)
FI (1) FI53461C (en)
FR (1) FR2078758A5 (en)
GB (1) GB1342317A (en)
IE (1) IE34954B1 (en)
NL (1) NL168191C (en)
NO (1) NO132984C (en)
SE (1) SE367012B (en)
SU (1) SU639423A3 (en)
ZA (1) ZA711065B (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3038908A1 (en) * 2015-07-16 2017-01-20 Gdf Suez DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SYNTHESIS GAS
CN114183694B (en) * 2021-11-04 2024-03-26 北京卫星制造厂有限公司 Gas circuit pressure regulating device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI53461C (en) 1978-05-10
SU639423A3 (en) 1978-12-25
DE2107904A1 (en) 1971-09-02
CA918015A (en) 1973-01-02
CS171225B2 (en) 1976-10-29
FI53461B (en) 1978-01-31
IE34954L (en) 1971-08-20
BE762844A (en) 1971-08-11
NL7002396A (en) 1971-08-24
ZA711065B (en) 1971-10-27
SE367012B (en) 1974-05-13
DK134431C (en) 1977-04-04
NO132984B (en) 1975-11-10
JPS461379A (en) 1971-09-21
FR2078758A5 (en) 1971-11-05
GB1342317A (en) 1974-01-03
JPS5330721B1 (en) 1978-08-29
ES388403A1 (en) 1973-05-01
DK134431B (en) 1976-11-08
NO132984C (en) 1976-02-18
NL168191C (en) 1982-03-16
CH556301A (en) 1974-11-29
IE34954B1 (en) 1975-10-01
AT324277B (en) 1975-08-25

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
NL143909B (en) PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF CARBAMATES.
NL158497B (en) PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF VINCAMINE OR ISOVINCAMINE.
NL145885B (en) PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF POLYDIORGANOSILOX MIXTURES VULCANIZABLE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE.
NL7311413A (en) VELCRO AND PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF VELCRO.
NL156404B (en) PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF CHROMAND DERIVATIVES.
NL165997C (en) PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF SILICIC GEL.
NL7611541A (en) PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF 2-N-PENTYL-3- - (2OXOPROPYL) -1-CYCLOPENTANONE.
NL162047B (en) PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF 5-VINYLNORBORNEEN-2.
NL154490B (en) PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF P-MENTHEEN-1-O1-4.
NL164291C (en) PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF POLYBUTADIENE.
NL175179C (en) PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF DL-EBURNAMONINE.
NL168191B (en) PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION AND COOLING OF SYNTHESIS GAS.
NL147130B (en) PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF PRIMARY AMINES.
NL171156C (en) PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF CARBONAMIDES
NL165171C (en) PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF ALKYLSILANES.
NL148583B (en) PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF CYCLOPENTADIES FROM DICYCLOPENTADIES.
NL168825C (en) PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF ACEETALDOXIM.
BE771164A (en) PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF CARBONIC ACIDS
NL167653C (en) APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PREPARING AND COOLING SYNTHESIS GAS.
BE777093A (en) PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF ISOCYANATES
NL179383C (en) PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF 4-HYDROXYBENZODIOXOLS.
NL152236B (en) PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF MONOALKEN AND ALKADINES.
NL160258B (en) PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF 2,3-DIHYDROBENZODIA ZEPINES.
NL170021C (en) Process for the preparation of Zealalenone.
NL176777C (en) PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF PYRIDINE.

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
DNT Communications of changes of names of applicants whose applications have been laid open to public inspection

Free format text: SHELL INTERNATIONALE RESEARCH MAATSCHAPPIJ

V4 Discontinued because of reaching the maximum lifetime of a patent