NL1041248A - Magnetic suspension of a light source. - Google Patents
Magnetic suspension of a light source. Download PDFInfo
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- NL1041248A NL1041248A NL1041248A NL1041248A NL1041248A NL 1041248 A NL1041248 A NL 1041248A NL 1041248 A NL1041248 A NL 1041248A NL 1041248 A NL1041248 A NL 1041248A NL 1041248 A NL1041248 A NL 1041248A
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Abstract
The invented luminaire uses magnetic suspension to position a plastic disc to which a permanent magnet is attached, in midair. The disc is kept in suspension between an electromagnetic coil in a stationary part of the luminaire, positioned above the disc, and a base of the luminaire. Multiple electromagnetic coils may be applied, for example to create a broader area of levitation with electromagnetic coils spaced apart, or to improve control of the levitation. The disc is coated with remote phosphor. A royal blue LED in the base of the luminaire emits light towards the disc. The phosphor of the disc is then excited and emits light. Switching on/off of the LED is triggered by a Hall Effect Sensor which is also used for sensing the position of the disc for controlling the suspension.
Description
MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OF A LIGHT SOURCE TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention relates to a device and method for magnetic levitation or suspension that is electronically stabilized with Hall Effect sensors. More particular the invention relates to magnetic suspension of a light source.
BACKGROUND
Magnetic levitation can be accomplished in an active system using one or more electromagnetic coils, position sensor, and a feedback control circuit. The one or more electromagnetic coils are used to maintain the levitated or suspended object in a stable position. Hereinafter, wherever the words “suspended”, “suspend” or “suspension” are used, one may read also “levitated”, “levitate” or “levitation” respectively, when the electromagnetic coils are positioned below the object.
The position sensor detects the position of the suspended object for the feedback circuit. The feedback circuit controls the current in the electromagnetic coils to maintain a given position. Stable magnetic suspension is maintained in the system by increasing the lifting current in the electromagnetic coils when the object falls away from the electromagnetic coils and the lifting current decreases when the suspended object moves up towards the electromagnetic coils. The system may also be turned around, wherein the object is kept in levitation above the electromagnetic coils.
One known solution for maintaining stable magnetic levitation, is to use one or more Hall Effect sensor sensors for measuring the position of a magnet indirectly through the change in magnetic field. The Hall Effect sensors are use as input to control the current in electromagnetic coils to maintain the desired position between two magnets. USA patent 5,168,183 by Whitehead discloses a levitation system for levitating a levitated magnetic element in a stable suspended position on one side of a separating plane using a magnetic arrangement on the opposite side of the separating plane. The magnetic arrangement provides a preselected static magnetic field configuration
/ 4 n /. O that interacts with a magnet in the levitated element so that the magnetic potential energy of this interaction increases for displacements of the element from its stable position in directions parallel to a stability plane and decreases for displacements of the element from the stable position perpendicular to the stability plane. Any movement perpendicular to the stability plane is sensed and used by a feedback control system to control a force applied to the levitated element to stabilize the element against displacement from the stable position in directions perpendicular to the stability plane.
Dutch patent NL2000863 by Jansen discloses an apparatus for orienting a magnetic object in free space with the aid of magnetic levitation, the apparatus comprising a magnet array comprising one or more magnets and arranged in a circle around an imaginary axis, which magnet array generates a static magnetic field with an equilibrium location in this field at which the magnetic object can be maintained. Further disclosed are sensor means for detecting location deviations between the current location of the magnetic object and the equilibrium location and, based on the result of the detection operation, for generating and delivering control signals; a coil array comprised of various controllable coils, the coil array generating a controllable magnetic field for maintaining the magnetic object at the equilibrium location, each coil of the coil array being arranged at least partly outside the circle in radial direction from the imaginary axis. The apparatus is characterized in that the magnetic polarization of the magnetic object is opposite to that of the magnetic array. As a result, the magnetic object can be maintained more stably at an equilibrium location by means of magnetic levitation, while the correction coils oriented to the exterior can exert a large correction force on the magnetic object so as to maintain the object at its equilibrium location. USA patent application US 2002/0124765 A1 by Hansen discloses a method to maintain magnetic levitation that is stabilized by means of Hall Effect sensors. The method and device comprise a Hall Effect sensor or sensors used to control one or more electromagnetic coils to maintain the position between two magnets or objects. Hansen proposes to use the method to suspend a magnet in a high pressure tube that is magnetically coupled to a magnet outside the tube connected to an analytical balance that can accurately measure the force on the magnet inside the tube. This force measurement can be used to determine fluid density, flow, viscosity, and solubility.
Magnetic levitation or suspension creates a problem when the levitated object itself needs to be powered, for example when the levitated object is arranged as a light source. The levitated object, may be connected to an external power source such as to mains power by means of an electric wire. If, however, the goal is to have an object suspended without any mechanical links to other objects, leaving out any wired connection to external devices is required. For this purpose the suspended light source may configured to have its own power source in order to operate autonomously. The suspended light source may therefore be powered by batteries for example. Other options comprises using a wireless power source such as the sun for charging the batteries during the day using solar cells, and getting power by the charged batteries during the night.
Another method for providing power to a suspended object is described in USA patent application 2009/0309440A1 by Lieberman, wherein a system and method for device suspension and wireless power transmission are disclosed. According to one embodiment an apparatus comprises a suspended object having a wireless receiving circuit. A wireless transmission circuit is configured to transmit power to the wireless receiving circuit housed in the suspended object. A magnetic stabilization mechanism is beneath and not in contact with suspended object. A circuit is configured to magnetically control a position of the suspended object. A different approach is followed by Crealev B.V., The Netherlands, which shows a design having a floating shade which reflects or distributes light originating from a wired light source. Crealev’s levitation technology uses repelling magnets combined with electronics to keep levitated objects in position. This solution does not require a power source in the suspended part, because the suspended part does not have the function as a light source. A disadvantage of the current art solutions is that they do not provide a solution for levitation or suspension of a light source without complicated additional power means. Instead, only objects with either their own (battery) power source are levitated or suspended, or complicated wireless energy transmission systems are proposed, requiring wireless energy receiving devices, such as electromagnetic couplers.
DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide a luminaire with a suspended light source which does not require complex technology such as batteries, electronic circuitry or electromagnetic coils. It is a further object of the invention to enable easy and intuitive operation of the luminaire. It is yet a further object of the invention to provide means to vary the color and intensity of the suspended light source.
The object is realized by.
The invention comprises the following clauses and embodiments: 1. A luminaire comprising: a stationary part comprising one or more electromagnetic coils; a stationary light source comprised in the stationary part a movable part comprising a magnet and arranged for being freely movable relative to the stationary part creating a gap between the stationary part and the movable part; the stationary light source is arranged for emitting light towards the movable part; one or more Hall Effect sensors comprised in the stationary part arranged for measuring the size of the gap; a control unit arranged for regulating the size of the gap by controlling the current of one or more electromagnet coils whereby an increase of the current to one or more electromagnetic coils generates an increased force on the magnet; the magnet, the one or more electromagnetic coils and control unit, arranged for controlling the energizing current of the one or more electromagnetic coils in such a way as to stabilize the size of the gap and alignment of the movable part between the stationary part and the stationary light source, characterized in that, the movable part comprises a movable light source comprising a phosphor arranged for emitting light as a reaction to receiving light by the stationary light source by applying remote phosphor technology. 2. The luminaire according to clause 1, characterized in that the switching on or off of the stationary light source is controlled by one or more sensors, wherein the one or more sensors are arranged for detecting the entering and/or exiting of the movable part into the electromagnetic field and subsequently triggering the control unit to switch the stationary light source on and/or off respectively. 3. The luminaire according to clause 2, characterized in that a sensor of the one or more sensors comprises a sensor of the group of sensor comprising: a Hall Effect sensor of the one or more Hall Effect sensors; a photo sensor, such as a photoresistor, a photodiode or a phototransistor; a light break beam sensor, comprising a light sender in the base and a light receiver in the stationary part or vice versa; an infrared sensor, such as a passive infrared sensor or an active infrared sensor; an ultrasonic sensor such as an ultrasonic distance sensor; a laser break beam sensor; a reed switch. 4. The luminaire according to any one of the preceding clauses, characterized in that the movable part is arranged for being magnetically suspended below the one or more electromagnetic coils. 5. The luminaire according to any one of the preceding clauses, characterized in that the movable part is arranged for being magnetically levitated above the one or more electromagnetic coils. 6. The luminaire according to any one of the preceding clauses, characterized in that the movable part comprises an at least partly transparent material such as Polycarbonate or Polymethyl methacrylate. 7. The luminaire according to any one of the preceding clauses, characterized in that the movable part comprises a diffuser comprising at least partly light diffusing material, said diffuser comprising a diffuser of the group of diffusers comprising: ground glass diffuser;
Teflon diffusers; holographic diffusers; opal glass diffusers; greyed glass diffusers. 8. The luminaire according to any one of the preceding clauses, characterized in that the movable part comprises a reflective surface arranged for reflecting light from the stationary light source. 9. The luminaire according to any one of the preceding clauses, characterized in that the position, orientation, tilt, movement and/or height of the movable part is arranged for being controlled by the control unit. 10. The luminaire according to any one of the preceding clauses, characterized in that the stationary light source comprises a Light Emitting Diode of any color. 11. The luminaire according to any one of the preceding clauses, characterized in that the stationary light source comprises a Light Emitting Diode arranged for transmitting light with a wavelength range of 440-460 nm. 12. The luminaire according to any one of the preceding clauses, characterized in that the phosphor comprises a light emitting phosphor. 13. The luminaire according to any one of the preceding clauses, characterized in that the phosphor comprises a white emitting phosphor. 14. The luminaire according to any one of the preceding clauses, characterized in that the movable part is coated with the phosphor. 15. The luminaire according to any one of the preceding clauses, characterized in that the movable part is at least partly transparent and coated with the phosphor on a first side facing the stationary light source and provided with a reflective coating on a second side opposite to the first side, said reflective coating arranged for reflecting light of the stationary light source towards the phosphor.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The figures show views of embodiments in accordance with the present invention. FIGURE 1 shows a schematic overview of an example embodiment of the present invention.
Index of the numbers of the figures. 100 The invented luminaire 101 Stationary part 102 One or more electromagnetic coils 103 One or more Hall Effect sensors 201 Base
202 Light Emitting Diode (hereinafter referred to as LED), preferably a Royal Blue color type high power LED 203 Total Internal Reflection (hereinafter referred to as “TIR”) lens 204 Cooling element 205 Control unit 301 Arm 401 Movable part 402 Magnet 501 Gap
502 Light interaction area DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The invented luminaire uses magnetic suspension to position a (preferably plastic) disc to which a magnet is attached, in midair. Preferably the magnet comprises a permanent magnet. The disc is kept in suspension between one or more electromagnetic coils comprised in a stationary part of the luminaire, positioned above the disc, and a base of the luminaire. In a preferred embodiment only one electromagnetic coil is used, but multiple electromagnetic coils may be applied, for example to create a broader area of levitation with electromagnetic coils spaced apart, or to improve control of the levitation.
The disc is coated with phosphor. A blue (preferably "Royal Blue) colored light-emitting diode (hereinafter “LED") is configured in (a part of) the base of the luminaire and emits light towards the disc. The phosphor of the disc is then excited and emits light. This so-called Remote phosphor technology (hereinafter “RPT”) is explained as follows. RPT provides an alternative for a single LED as a light source. With RPT, an electrically powered light source is separated from a remote light powered light source. The technology of a remote phosphor light source element is achieved by bonding phosphor to a substrate, instead of incorporating it into the LED die package. By combining the remote phosphor plate with Royal Blue LEDs, white light may be achieved with no visible point sources. This provides a low glare system capable or higher system efficiency, increased reliability and less color shift over time. The independent phosphor emits light when excited by blue light. Separation of the phosphor part from the energy source allows for a design of a luminaire many shapes and colors.
In a preferred configuration of the present invention the disc is coated with a specific blend of phosphors. An LED with preferably a Total Internal Reflection (hereinafter “TIR”) lens is mounted in the base of the luminaire. The LED is a so-called High intensity LED and emits a bright omnidirectional “Royal Blue” light. The use of the TIR lens on the LED results in a focused beam of light. By aligning top piece and base of the luminaire results in the beam of light projecting directly on the magnetically suspended disc. As the disc is coated with a layer of preferably yellow phosphor, the “Royal blue” light is absorbed and emitted as white light. In this way the disc is acting as a light source.
By varying the types and/or blends of phosphor, the color of the light which is excited by the phosphor may be varied as well. By providing multiple discs, each with another type or blend of phosphor, a user may vary the color of the light emitted by the luminaire, by simply changing the disc for another disc. By varying the amount of phosphor or the thickness of the layer of phosphor, the light intensity may also be varied. By varying the color of the LEDs (e.g. in an RGB LED) and/or by using different types of discs, varying in material and/or transparency, different colors emitted by the luminaire may be achieved.
The attracting force of the electromagnetic coil increases as the current through the electromagnetic coils rises. Alternatively, the attracting force of the electromagnetic coil decreases when the current through the electromagnetic coils drops. In this way the attracting force of the electromagnetic coils may be controlled by a control unit which regulates the current. The Invented luminaire, brought on the market under the trademark Lunaluxx, uses this type of current control to position the magnet attached to the plastic disc is in an equilibrium state. Hereinafter the combination of disc with magnet is referred to as “disc”.
In practice, because of air streams and other influencing factors, the equilibrium position will be constantly disturbed. The control unit is therefore arranged for controlling the system, maintaining the equilibrium state and more specifically compensate for these outside influences.
As the attracting force exerted on the disc becomes greater than the gravitational force exerted on the disc, the disc will start moving towards the electromagnetic coil. One or more Hall Effect sensors sense the corresponding increase in the strength of the magnetic field. A Hall Effect sensor is a transducer that varies its output voltage in response to a magnetic field. Hall Effect sensors are used for proximity switching, positioning, speed detection, and current sensing applications. In its simplest form, the sensor operates as an analog transducer, directly returning a voltage. With a known magnetic field, its distance from the Hall plate may be determined. Using groups of sensors, the relative position of the magnet may be deduced. A Hall sensor may be combined with circuitry that allows the device to act in a digital (on/off) mode, and acts as a switch in this configuration.
The sensor signals are led to the control unit and compared with the values corresponding to the programmed equilibrium setpoint. Based on this comparison, the control unit will accordingly decrease the current flowing through the electromagnetic coil. If the controlled change in current and speed of moving up and down is high enough, for example between 200 and 2000 Hz, this up and down movement of the disc becomes considerately small and fast, and it cannot be perceived with the naked eye anymore. This results in the magnetic suspension of the disc underneath the top piece of the Invented luminaire.
Instead of a more or less fixed equilibrium setpoint, the control unit may also run a control algorithm, which aims at a controlled movement of the disc. The algorithm may for example comprise that when the disc is put on the base of the luminaire, the current to the electromagnetic coils is controlled in such a way (by controlled increase of current) that the disc is gently lifted towards the electromagnetic coils, until a predetermined setpoint is reached.
Alternatively the algorithm may be arranged for a continuous movement of the disc, such as swiveling, turning or moving up and down, optionally alternated and/or with intervals.
The control algorithm programmed on the control unit processes the signal from the Hall Effect sensor and controls the current flowing through the electromagnetic coil accordingly. The Hall Effect sensor continuously senses the strength of magnetic field. This data is fed to the control unit and is used to establish the distance between the bottom of the top piece and the top of the magnet on the disc (hereinafter the distance is referred to as “gap”). The setpoint of the disc corresponds to a predefined desired gap. As the disc drops below the setpoint, the control unit allows more current through the electromagnetic coil. If the disc rises above the setpoint, the control unit allows less current through the electromagnetic coil.
In addition, the data on the distance between the bottom of the top piece and the top of the magnet on the disc, is also used to turn the LED on and off. When the disc is within a predefined distance from the setpoint, the control unit turns on the LED and electromagnetic coils, otherwise the LED and electromagnetic coils are turned off.
The above description relates to a configuration wherein the disc is positioned beneath the electromagnetic coil. The configuration may also be turned around, wherein the one or more electromagnetic coils and one or more permanent repelling magnets are placed beneath the disc comprising the magnet, whereby the relation between increase of current and increase in levitation is inversed. In practice stabilization of the plastic disc in the upside down configuration is improved by using two or preferably three or more electromagnetic coils and multiple permanent magnets. The use of multiple electromagnetic coils facilitates the control of the disc better, because a magnet above a single electromagnetic coil tends to fall away from the electromagnetic coil much easier than a magnet beneath an electromagnetic coil because of gravitational forces exerted on the magnet. In a configuration with three electromagnetic coils arranged in a triangular position in the horizontal plane, the current through individual electromagnetic coils may be controlled by the control unit, whereby the magnet is held in a stable position above the electromagnetic coils configuration.
Instead of a permanent magnet, any ferromagnetic material may be used. A permanent magnet is an object made from a material that is magnetized and creates its own persistent magnetic field. Materials that can be magnetized, which are also the ones that are strongly attracted to a magnet, are called ferromagnetic. These include iron, nickel, cobalt, some alloys of rare earth metals, and some naturally occurring minerals such as lodestone. Although ferromagnetic materials are the only ones attracted to a magnet strongly enough to be commonly considered magnetic, all other substances respond weakly to a magnetic field, by one of several other types of magnetism. So the other substances may be used as well, but the application in the suspended (or movable) part of the luminaire would require a relatively high current through the electromagnetic coils of the stationary part.
Hereinafter the passive magnetic material used in the movable part is referred to as “magnet” as opposed to the active electromagnetic coils used in the stationary part.
The invention is now described by the following aspects and embodiments, with reference to the figures. FIGURE 1 shows a schematic overview of an example embodiment of the present invention. The Invented luminaire 100 has a stationary construction comprising a stationary part 101, a base 201, an arm 301 connecting the stationary part 101 and the base 201 and a movable part 401 which may comprise a disc coated with remote phosphor. The movable part 401 comprises a (preferably permanent neodymium) magnet 402. The magnet 402 is connected to the movable part 401 or may be incorporated in the material of the movable part 401. The movable part 401 is magnetically suspended beneath the stationary part 101, and is preferably positioned between stationary part 101 and base 201.
One or more electromagnetic coils 102 are positioned in the stationary part 101. In close vicinity of and preferably beneath electromagnetic coils 102 a small recess is provided for holding one or more Hall Effect sensors 103. The Hall Effect sensors 103 are preferably aligned with the center of the electromagnetic coil. The Hall Effect sensors 103 measure the strength of the magnetic field close to the Hall Effect sensors 103. The Electromagnetic coils 102 comprise a ferrite core with a copper wire windings, for example with 450 turns.
The electromagnetic coils 102 and the Hall Effect sensors 103 have preferably two cables (not shown) for power supply and three cables (not shown) for transporting signals. All cables go through an opening in stationary part 101 via arm 301 to base 201.
Base 201 comprises a control unit which is connected to the electromagnetic coils 102 via the two cables and which is connected to the Hall Effect sensors 103 via the three cables.
Base 201 comprises a recess where a TIR lens 203 is positioned. Underneath TIR lens 203 a (preferably high power or high intensity) Royal blue LED 202 (for example 3W) is placed. Combining LED 202 with TIR lens 203 provides a focused beam of light directed straight up projecting a blue light on the movable part 401. The light, which is in the given example directed upwards, is schematically indicated by three arrows pointing upwards through area 501 towards the movable part 401. Instead of one LED 202, the luminaire 100 may comprise multiple LEDs to either increase the light intensity, provide more light Effects, provide more spreading of light, or to provide more variations in colors. LEDs may for example be incorporated in the stationary part as well. These LED may be directed towards the movable part for example to provide an indirect or ambient light. Preferably underneath the LED 202 a heat sink 204 is provided. The LED 202, the electromagnetic coils 102 and the Hall Effect sensors 103 are connected to a circuit board which is preferably positioned in the base 201. The control unit 205 is arranged for controlling the LED 202, the electromagnetic coils 102 and the Hall Effect sensors 103.
It is desirable for the luminaire to have a usable light source with a high CRI of 92 or better, with a color temperature ranging from 2500 to 4000 K. This can be achieved using currently available phosphors in conjunction with blue LEDs. An alternative preferred embodiment uses a combination of a blue LED chip with a red LED chip (or any other color), configured in a two-dimensional array at the base of stationary part of the luminaire. In order to achieve high uniformity of both red and blue light on the phosphor, homogenizing lenslets may be added to the inner flat face of a planoconvex lens. Alternatively, a holographic or other shaping diffuser can be used after the lens. By individually tuning the currents supplied to the red and blue LEDs, a wide range of color temperatures can be achieved, all with very high CRI.
The arm 301 may be used to guide the cables from the Hall Effect sensors 103 and the electromagnetic coils 102 to the base 201. The arm may be constructed in such a way that the center of the electromagnetic coils 102 in the stationary part is aligned exactly above the LED in the base 201.
Claims (15)
Priority Applications (1)
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NL1041248A NL1041248B1 (en) | 2015-03-30 | 2015-03-30 | Magnetic suspension of a light source. |
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NL1041248A NL1041248B1 (en) | 2015-03-30 | 2015-03-30 | Magnetic suspension of a light source. |
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NL1041248A true NL1041248A (en) | 2016-10-10 |
NL1041248B1 NL1041248B1 (en) | 2017-07-24 |
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NL1041248A NL1041248B1 (en) | 2015-03-30 | 2015-03-30 | Magnetic suspension of a light source. |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN108462409A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-08-28 | 沈阳工业大学 | Solar powered formula energy-saving magnetic suspension landscape potting |
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2015
- 2015-03-30 NL NL1041248A patent/NL1041248B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN108462409A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-08-28 | 沈阳工业大学 | Solar powered formula energy-saving magnetic suspension landscape potting |
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