NL1039987C2 - DEVICE FOR A MODULAR HOME ENERGY SYSTEM. - Google Patents

Description

Device for a modular home energy system

Small-scale modular design to use the locally available sustainable sun and / or wind for the integrated energy needs of a household: electricity, heat, hot water and electric transport.

Sustainable sun and wind are available everywhere. Partly for this reason, renewable energy can best be produced directly by the user in-house. 10 small-scale solutions also develop faster than large, complex systems.

The device for a Modular Residential Energy System (MWES), according to fig. 1, offers a flexible and economical solution to produce the integrated energy requirement - electricity, heating, hot water and electricity for electric vehicles - as much as possible in-house from sustainable sources and to promote a strong CO2 reduction. In addition, energy storage close to the source reduces energy transport problems that the public electricity grid will get due to periodic power surges during strong sun and / or wind.

For example, an MWES can be built from separate modules connected to the 230V electricity grid in the home. This is shown in Fig. 1 with the following modules: • photovoltiac (PV) solar panels with inverter 1 for generating sustainable solar power 20 and for converting the direct current from the solar panels to 230V ~; • a heating device 2 consisting of a micro cogeneration (micro-CHP) and a heat storage device, also provided with an electric heating element; • a home charging device 3 for, for example, an electric car, scooter and bicycle; The control and storage device 4 - the heart of the MWES - consisting of control and battery block 25 and connection to the inverter of the solar panel device 1 and 230V ~ cabling 9. D.m.v.

a control algorithm can make maximum use of the "free" sun and / or wind energy; • the meter box 7 that forms the connection to the public electricity network 8; • the 230V ~ cabling 9 in the home; · Optionally, small wind turbines (turbines) with inverter 5 and devices such as eg earth or air heat pump 6 can be added to the MWES.

D.m.v. This modular structure allows homeowners to make a flexible choice - optimal for the situation - and thus provide more than 70% of their own energy needs.

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Such devices are also known from the German patent DE 19535752 A1 and from the Japanese patent JP 2009185137 with European application number EP 2 284 382 A2. The various components - generators, solar panels, wind turbine, storage batteries - of the German independent system must be suitable for peak electricity needs in the home. This entails 5 high purchase costs. By applying usage restrictions - temporary shutdown of equipment - the peak load can be limited and the use of less heavy components can lower the purchase price. As a result, the ease of use is limited and, moreover, in the event of a system failure, it is not possible to fall back on power from a public network!

The system uses 48V DC for storage and internal connection bus. This entails high costs for heavy cabling and heavy batteries due to the high currents. The additional DC / DC conversions cause energy losses compared to, for example, a higher DC voltage standard of 200 to 450 V DC, which is also common with solar panels and in electric cars.

The Japanese system is in series between the public and the electricity grid in the home 15 via a high DC voltage "power bus". Here, considerable energy losses are introduced by inverters when electricity is taken from the public grid and at the various system sources. This may be acceptable in sporadic use of the public network, but the losses at the internal sources are constantly present! 20 The MWES is designed for: producing maximum own electricity - for household and electric car - 24 hours a day and 365 days a year from as many sustainable sun and / or wind sources as possible, at the lowest possible system costs for peak demand, peak production and maximum reliability to continue to fall back on the public network. With this a maximum reduction of CO2 emissions and saving on fossil fuel can be achieved at a profitable purchase price.

The cost price of solar panels is linear with the number of square meters, while the cost price of power electronics exponentially with the power to be processed. To prevent overloading, the maximum inverter capacity must in principle be geared to the peak capacity of the connected solar panels. In countries such as the Netherlands, the sun provides by far the largest part of the year, due to cloud cover and low sun, no maximum energy per square meter surface. In today's unregulated systems, therefore, expensive inverters must be used for a relatively short period of time with peak current, the capacity of which remains underused for more than 95% of the time.

With the right device, as applied in the final MWES design of Fig. 3, the energy production versus system costs can be optimized.

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The combination with a home charging point for an electric car is in principle not essential for the invention. However, it is an essential part of the MWES for CO2 reduction and saving of fossil fuel (soon for an average household good for doubling the CO2 emission reduction and 8001 fossil fuel saving and for doubling the saving on the annual energy bill).

The principle effect of the MWES design (fig. 1) is as follows:

The control device (part of the control and storage device 4) makes use of, inter alia, the following signals and settings: a signal from the meter box 7 which indicates whether electricity is being taken or supplied from / to the public network 8; • from meter box 7, information can be used, for example, when cheaper off-peak electricity is available; • a signal from the PV solar panel device 1 indicating whether or not the sun is shining; · Of the optional wind turbine and ground / air heat pump devices 5 and 6 (if present) a signal whether there is wind or not, whether enough heat is being produced and the like; • data and signals about water temperature, heat demand, protection and the like from the micro cogeneration device 2; · Signals from home charging device 3 whether any electric transport means are connected to be charged; • all kinds of personal settings of the residents with regard to heating, charging of the electric means of transport, whether off-peak electricity must also be taken and such; · Date, time and calendar data; • outdoor temperature indication; • Longitude and latitude data - location of the property, roof slope, season and daily weather data, etc .; • data on the maximum capacity and peak capacities of the applied parts 30 such as inverters, storage media, solar panels; • etc., etc.

D.m.v. With these signals, data and settings and a control algorithm, the storage device (part of 4) is initially charged with the "overproduction" of solar power and not sent to the public grid 8 as in installations without storage. In the 4 MWES this is regulated by means of a meter box signal for off-take and re-delivery from / to the public network. Optional energy sources such as a small wind turbine can supply additional energy to the system.

If electricity produced is left, with low self-consumption and full batteries, this energy can be added to the heat storage tank via the heating element. If this vessel is also 'full', the electricity can be returned to the public grid.

The inverter (s) is / are connected via one or more separate groups in the meter cupboard. In principle parallel to the public network so that in the event of system failure, power can be automatically applied to electricity from this network. This increases the reliability of the electricity supply 10 in the home.

When the sun (and / or the wind) is / are absent, the stored energy - depending on the current requirement in the home - is supplied to the inverter of the solar panel module 1 and this direct current is converted to 230V ~ for use in the home. If there is no sun (and / or wind) for a longer period of time, the storage device can also be charged with cheaper off-peak electricity for use during more expensive periods.

In the "cold" season, PV solar panels 1 supply little electricity, while the Micro-CHP of 2 provides electricity in addition to heat. This is clarified with fig. 2 which shows an example of the average electricity requirement of a household per day without 1 and with electric car 2 and the annual curves of the productions of 20 solar panels 3 and a micro cogeneration device 4. The third curve 5 gives the sum of curves 3 and 4 again. It better approximates the average requirement in the home than each source individually. By refining the control 4 in Fig. 1, the total electricity production can be brought even closer to the consumption in the home, both during a day and a whole year. As a result, the house is supplied with sustainable electricity to a maximum, under its own management, and the purchase and load on the public network are minimized.

Because heat * and electricity demand can take place differently in time, the heat produced by the micro-CHP 2 is stored in a heat storage device. For example, the electric car must be charged at night.

In the winter, the PV solar panels do not provide enough power and during the day, when the residents are going to work, the heat demand is low and the electricity production of the micro cogeneration 2 is also. This would mean that there is not enough own power available in the evening and / or at night to charge the car. By storing the heat during the day during electricity production, the micro-CHP 2 can produce electricity and heat evenly over a 24-hour period. When the residents return home, there is enough heat available and enough own sustainable electricity for the car at night.

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Note: 1. In the "sunny" season, when sufficient solar power is available, the heat storage tank can also be electrically heated for the hot water requirement.

2. For the electricity storage device (part of 4) the same type of battery can be used as in electric cars. The voltage of these batteries fits within the input voltage range of the inverter of solar panels 1 (eg 150-450V DC). In this way you can take advantage of a large-scale application with cost price advantages due to large production numbers and no additional inverter is required for the DC battery conversion.

A test / demonstration system as shown in Fig. 1 can be assembled from commercially available components. This can be used to investigate to what extent, for example, existing inverters 1 and 5 and the micro-cogeneration device 2 must be made suitable for control by the control device 4. Optimization between the peak capacity of solar panels and the cost of the inverter (s) is in the test / demonstration system not yet provided.

A final implementation of the MWES will - i.v.m. fewer components, lighter design, smarter control options that make higher energy production look like shown in fig. 3. Here one intelligent Energy Management Inverter 20 (EMI) 1 is used (comparable to a PC motherboard but for the MWES). This consists of a device to which the solar panels 2, small wind turbines 3, the micro-CHP with the heat storage vessel 4 can be connected via specific inputs. The common inverter 5 forms the connection to the 230 V network in the meter box 6 which is connected to the public network 9. The battery block 7 is connected to the battery control 8, the heat storage vessel to the temperature sensor and el. heating control 10.

Internally, the common control and energy management function 11 is connected to the voltage rail 12 and control bus 13 to which the other functions are also connected. The signals and data from the meter cupboard for taking and returning power to the network and information about, for example, off-peak current is connected via 15 to the internal control bus 13. The latter 30 connects the system to the 230 V network and the meter cupboard 7 in the home. The display and control 14 and the EMI3 are connected via a wireless WiFi connection. This WiFi connection also makes operation, monitoring, maintenance and adjustments of the MWES via the internet possible. The home charging point 16 is connected to the 230 V ~ network in the home and the control bus 13 of the EMI 3.

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Claims (2)

Device for a Modular Residential Energy System according to fig. 3 consisting of the following devices: Energy Management Inverter (EMI) 1, photovoltiac 5 solar panels 2, optional small wind turbine (s) 3, a micro cogeneration with heat storage vessel with an electric heating device and taps for central heating and hot water 4, a battery block 7 for electricity storage, a wireless display and operating device 14 and a home charging point 16. The EMI device 1 consists of inputs and outputs for the various devices of the MWES plus an input for the 10 ' supply / return signal 'from the meter box 15. Furthermore, the EMI 1 consists of an inverter 5, battery control 8, a DC voltage rail 12 with a voltage bandwidth of, for example, 200-450V, a control bus 13 and a central control and energy management function 11. A home charging point 16 connected to the EMI control bus 13 can complete the system for maximum CO2 emissions reduction and fossil fuel saving. The heating element of the storage vessel 4 is connected via 10 to the internal voltage rail 12. This means that the full capacity of the inverter remains available for electricity in the home. The heating element is used for hot water in the summer and to prevent overloading of the inverter during peak productions of the solar panels and any wind turbines. 20 The MWES is connected in parallel with the 230V / 400V ~ network in the home that is connected to the public electricity network via the meter box to guarantee a reliable electricity supply. This means that in the event of outages, too little or too much of your own electricity production, you can automatically fall back on the public grid. The control device 11 makes use of various signals and data to optimize the storage and discharge processes, so that the energy requirement can be filled in to a maximum, in-house management, while making minimal use of the public network. To optimize purchase costs versus maximum power production, an energy management algorithm is applied that takes into account the maximum capacity of the inverter, the current electricity demand in the home and the storage capacities and status of the battery and the heat storage vessel. Costs are saved by limiting the inverter capacity and the maximum battery charge current relative to the peak demand in the home. With a higher production of own electricity, the part that is not used directly in the home is stored in the battery. If the battery is full, it can be the heating element, which is connected to the internal voltage rail 12, the energy 1039987 is discharged to the heat storage vessel. If both, the battery and the heat storage tank are 'full', the difference between the maximum capacity of the inverter and the consumption in the home is returned to the public grid. This means that a larger peak capacity of solar panels can be installed. weaker sun, 5 due to the larger solar panel surface area, more own electricity is produced A MWES is a home charging point that provides a basic infrastructure for electric means of transport, which is an essential part of the concept to provide the car with its own sustainable energy for maximum C02 emission reduction and a low energy bill. In addition to being used in homes, the interior can also be used in other small-scale circumstances, such as apartments, offices and small businesses. 2. Device as claimed in claim 1. with features of: a. An integral small-scale device for maximally covering the energy requirement, electricity, heat, hot water and electric transport, in a household in a sustainable manner and in self-management; b. A complementary combination of solar panels with electricity storage and micro cogeneration with heat storage for the daily energy requirement in the home that complement each other over the year; 20 c. Save electricity that cannot be used directly in the home for later use. This also prevents overloading problems of the public grid due to periodic peak production of solar panels and wind turbines, less backup of central capacity is needed at the electricity companies and thus cheaper off-peak electricity can also be stored for eg longer sunless periods; 25 d. A micro cogeneration (micro-CHP) with heat storage that disconnects electricity production from the heat demand in the home and together with storage of electricity a better "supply and demand" of electricity can take place; e. A common voltage rail with a bandwidth of, for example, 200-450V to which the various electricity sources can be connected with minimal adaptation electronics; f. Automatic relapse to the public network through the parallel connection with the internal electricity network of the house that is connected to the public network via the meter box in the event of peak production of own current, peak load in the home and in the event of a MWES failure. This guarantees a maximum reliable electricity supply; g. A charging and discharging device with which the charging and discharging of the battery can be controlled by means of battery charging and discharging processes that are controlled under the control of the 'offtake / return signal' from the meter cupboard, the current electricity demand in the home and the amount of available electricity from the various connected sources. 1039987