NL1004770C2 - Heating system for groups of buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

In the system, each building has installations which attract heat from the hot fluid which is supplied to it. The supply arrangement consists of a coarse distribution circuit which feeds fluid to heat source installations in which the fluid is heated The installation further incorporates a fine distribution network which connects buildings to the heat source installations and returns the fluid, from which heat has been extracted, to the heat sources. The fluid used can be water at a temperature of 45 to 55 degree C. Hot water taps are at the same time supplied with water at a temperature of around 60 degree C.

Description

Short designation: Heating system.

The invention relates to a heating system and more particularly to a heating system for supplying warm fluid to a number of groups of buildings, wherein each building is provided with a heating installation operating by heat extraction to supplied warm fluid.

In a known heating system, the buildings comprise a gas-fired central heating installation. These gas-10 fired central heating installations are connected to a fine-meshed natural gas distribution system. The gas-fired central heating installation comprises a water heater and radiators and / or convectors and / or an underfloor heating device or the like. The water heater supplies hot water with a temperature of about 90 ° C and receives hot water with a temperature of about 70 ° C

return.

A district heating system can be mentioned as another known heating system. A district heating system supplies hot water with a temperature of at least 90 ° C by means of a relatively fine-meshed hot water distribution system.

to building heating installations that do not include a water heater, but do include radiators and the like, which are designed for the temperature range 90 ° C upwards and 70 ° C backwards.

Buildings, especially homes, are using less and less energy for space heating and this trend will continue. For new-build homes, the profitability of energy distribution systems is coming under pressure. In the Netherlands, natural gas distribution is currently just profitable with the current consumption of 1 400 m3. It is expected that by the year 2000 the annual natural gas consumption in the Netherlands will amount to approximately 1 000 m3, in which case natural gas distribution can no longer be exploited profitably. As a result of the high investments, district heating can no longer be operated on an economically sound basis. In addition to the fact that district heating systems are very expensive, steel pipes are generally used for the hot water distribution system for the purpose of distribution of hot water with a temperature of at least 90 ° C. 1 004770 2 which have the disadvantage that they can corrode quickly. The steel pipes can be insulated (e.g. PUR) and surrounded by a protective jacket (e.g. PE).

The object of the invention is to provide a heating system which has the potential to be energy efficient, flexible with regard to new techniques, inexpensive and environmentally friendly.

To this end, the invention provides a heating system for supplying warm fluid to a number of groups of buildings, wherein each building is provided with a heating installation operated by heat extraction from the supplied hot fluid, comprising an energy distribution system, a number of the energy distribution system, each heat source devices adapted for generating hot fluid, as well as a number of each, a respective group of buildings connecting heat distribution devices to a respective heat source device for transporting hot fluid generated by the respective heat source device to and after heat - withdrawal from the heating installations of the respective group of buildings.

20 The proposed heating system can be operated considerably more cost-effectively than conventional heating systems.

Hot water is a clean energy carrier and with this clean energy carrier, preconditions are created for a flexible use of heat sources in the heat source devices. Heat sources can be changed without any modification of the heat distribution system. This offers prospects for a sustainable energy supply. Technologies that are not yet commercially available at the moment can be integrated without problems after commercialization.

The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing, being a single figure.

The invention is based on the insight that hot water with a temperature lower than 90 ° C, for instance lying in the range of from 45 to 55 ° C, is in principle suitable for comfortably building new homes and other well-insulated buildings. "3 heating.

The invention is also based on the insight that by decentralizing the production of hot water with, for example, a temperature of 50 ° C, a heating system can be created that is flexible with regard to both planning and application of future technologies or can be cost-effective in the future. make well-known technologies, and allows a wide use of technologies.

As shown in the figure of the drawing, the heating system according to the invention comprises a coarse-mesh energy distribution system 1, which may for instance be a natural gas, electricity, hydrogen or heat distribution network; the latter then for hot water with a temperature of higher than 55 ° C, e.g. at least 90 ° C.

Furthermore, the heating system according to the invention comprises a number of heat source devices 2 which are fed by the energy distribution system 1. Each heat source device 2 is adapted to generate warm fluid, for example a liquid such as water.

The heating system according to the invention also comprises a number of heat distribution systems 3. Each heat distribution system 3 connects a respective group of buildings 4 to a respective heat source device 2. Each heat source device 2 connected to the energy distribution system 1 carries on through it. 25 cracked warm fluid, for example water with a temperature of 50 ° C, to a respective group of buildings 4, from which respective group of buildings 4 warm fluid from which heat is extracted by this group of buildings 4, via the respective heat distribution flue system 3 is transported back to the respective heat source device 2. Each building of the group of buildings 4 is provided with a heat installation (not shown) by heat extraction to supplied hot fluid operating heating system, which, as said, has a hot water temperature in the range from 45 to 55 ° C is allowed to heat the building sufficiently.

35 Locally, the heart of the heating system is the heat source device 2, which is centrally located in the i η Π477Ο 4 consisting of, for example, 200 to 500 dwellings, group of buildings 4. In the heat source device 2, the heat source (not shown) is located. is powered by the coarse-mesh energy distribution system 1. Depending on the heat source configuration, natural gas, electricity, hydrogen or heat are supplied. In the heat source device 2 the energy supplied by the energy distribution system 1 is converted into low-value heat of 45 to 55 ° C. More specifically, the heat source itself produces hot water from 45 to 55 ° C. This warm water 10 is transported to the group of buildings 4 via the low temperature heat distribution system 3. For the purpose of space heating, the group of buildings 4 with their heating installations (not shown) extracts heat from the hot water. The hot water is returned to the heat source device 2 after heat delivery in the group of buildings 4 at a temperature of 30 to 40 ° C.

15 Due to the low temperature of 45 to 55 ° C, preconditions have been created for a broad use of the number of conversion variants. The system is therefore future-proof. In addition, the choice of the heat source used in the heat source device 2 can be flexibly dealt with. The following technologies are eligible separately or 20 in combination as a heat source.

Water heaters powered by fossil fuels such as natural gas or hydrogen, gas engines, heat pumps (compression and absorption heat pumps), gas turbines, fuel cells, biomass or bioenergy plants, geothermal heat, resistance heating, 25 solar collectors and solar cells.

The low temperature heat distribution system 3 provides for the transport of the hot water from the heat source device 2 to the group of houses 4. The low temperature heat distribution system 3 comprises a pipe network with a supply and a return pipe. After heat has been delivered to the houses, the hot water with a temperature of 30 to 40 ° C returns via the return pipe to the heat source device 2 for reheating there. The low temperature heat distribution system 3 can be composed of plastic components. A few examples from an extensive collection of suitable materials are high density polyethylene such as HDPE 80 or HDPE 100, hard polyvinyl chloride (PVC), PB, PP and PEX.

1 00 47? r 5

Incidentally, a person skilled in the art will be able to select a suitable plastic material without any doubt, in view of the present application and in particular the temperature range.

The plastic low temperature heat distribution system 5 has a self-insulating property. In order to further reduce the heat loss during the transport of hot water, it is possible to proceed with pipe insulation, although this is less necessary given the lower temperature than with conventional heat distribution systems. The pipes of the heat distribution system 3 can herein consist of a plastic inner tube, an insulating jacket and a protective plastic outer jacket. If insulation is chosen, for example, the plastic supply pipes and the plastic return pipes could not be insulated.

15 With regard to the heating installation in each building of the group of buildings 4, a cooling down of at least 15 ° C can be assumed. An enlarged radiator surface, wall heating and / or underfloor heating could be used here.

20 It is possible to extract heat from the hot water for hot tap water. In connection with the hot water supply, an electric boiler can then be used, for example, for reheating the supplied hot water.

Alternatively, a separate fine-meshed hot water heat distribution system 3 with a temperature of about 60 ° C could be installed for supplying hot tap water to hot tap water installations in the groups of houses. Plastic materials can also be used in this case.

It is noted that in addition to or instead of a heat distribution system 3, one or more groups of houses can be provided with a (fine-meshed) energy distribution system, so that, for example, natural gas can be supplied next to or instead of hot water.

In time, a coarse-mesh energy distribution system 1 can be realized first, and later a group of houses 4 a fine-mesh heat distribution system 3 and / or fine-mesh I 0 0 4, ~ 6 ft other energy distribution system can be installed. After all, energy conversion takes place at the level of the heat source device 2. So earthwork is only necessary when the fine-meshed distribution system 3 is constructed, which may consist of materials to be recycled.

The heat source device 2 need not only be arranged for conversion, but can also be arranged for storage, measurement and control. Heat source device 2 can also serve as a node for utilities such as electricity, natural gas, hydrogen, heat, central antenna, cable, telecommunications, data, and so on.

The building heated by the heating system according to the invention is heated more uniformly, which is enhanced by the floor and wall heating, with which the heating will be more comfortable.

By using floor and wall heating, i.e. radiant heat, instead of convection heat, the air temperature can be lower than is usual with convection heat. On the one hand this is energy-saving, on the other hand, due to reduced dust development, this benefits the health of the residents, in particular for cara patients.

The fine-meshed heat distribution system 3 or more general energy distribution system in addition to the coarse-meshed energy distribution system 1 makes it possible to make the decision about the energy infrastructure as late as possible. This means that only after the final decision on the houses or commercial buildings to be built does the energy infrastructure need to be decided. From an environmental point of view, it means that no more pipes have to be laid in the ground than is strictly necessary. Financing can also encourage savings: the chance of premature or early investment decreases.

When storage techniques for heat and electricity become available, they can be placed very well in or near the heat source device 2. Photovoltaic cells could be used for generating electricity from sunlight.

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Claims (15)

1. Heating system for supplying warm fluid to a number of groups of buildings, each building being provided with a heating installation operated by heat extraction from supplied hot fluid, comprising an energy distribution system, a number of which are fed by the energy distribution system, each for generating heat source devices provided by hot fluid, as well as a number, each of a respective group of buildings, connecting heat distribution systems to a respective heat source device for transporting hot fluid produced by the respective heat source device to and after heat extraction back from the heating installations of the respective group of buildings. 2. Heating system as claimed in claim 1, wherein each building of the number of groups of buildings is provided with a hot tap water system operating through heat extraction from the supplied hot fluid, wherein each of the number of heat distribution systems is further adapted to transport the respective heat source device generated warm fluid to and after heat extraction back from the hot tap water installations of the respective group of buildings. A heating system according to claim 1, wherein each building of the plurality of groups of buildings is provided with a hot tap water installation, comprising a number of each hot tap water distribution systems connecting a respective group of buildings to a respective heat source device for supplying produced by the respective heat source device. domestic hot water to the domestic hot water installations of the respective group of buildings. A heating system according to claim 3, wherein the temperature of the hot tap water supplied by the plurality of hot tap water distribution systems is about 60 ° C. Heating system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the temperature of the hot fluid supplied by the number of heat distribution systems is in the range from 45 ° C to 55 ° C. , "'·, /'% Δ Heating system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the fluid is water. A heating system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein this comprises, in addition to or instead of the number of heat or hot tap water distribution systems, a number of further energy distribution systems for supplying an energy carrier, not being hot fluid, from the respective heat source device, to the respective group of buildings. Heating system according to claim 7, wherein the further energy distribution systems are gas, electricity or hydrogen distribution systems. Heating system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the energy distribution system is a gas, electricity, hydrogen or heat distribution system. Heating system according to one of the preceding claims, in which one or more of the following technologies are used as heat sources in the heat source devices: hot water appliances powered by fossil fuels or hydrogen, gas engines, heat pumps, gas turbines, fuel cells, bioenergy or biomass plants, geothermal energy, resistance heating, solar collectors and solar cells. Heating system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the heat or hot tap water distribution systems comprise plastic pipes. Heating system according to claim 11, wherein the plastic pipes are insulated. Heating system according to claim 12, in which the insulated plastic pipes are provided with a protective outer jacket. Heat, domestic hot water or energy distribution system which is apparently intended for use in a heating system according to any one of the preceding claims. Eindhoven, December 1996. <c; /;