MXPA99012070A - Expression of fructose 1,6 bisphosphate aldolase in transgenic plants - Google Patents

Abstract

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FDA) is an enzyme reversibly catalyzing the reaction converting triosephosphate into fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. In the leaf, this enzyme is located in the chloroplast (starch synthesis) and the cytosol (sucrose biosynthesis). Transgenic plants were generated that expess the E. coli fda gene in the chloroplast to improve plant yield by increasing leaf starch biosynthetic ability in particular and sucrose production in general. Leaves from plants expressing the fda transgene showed a significantly higher starch accumulation, as compared to control plants expressing the null vector, particularly early in the photoperiod, but had lower leaf sucrose. Transgenic plants also had a significantly higher root mass. Furthermore, transgenic potatoes expressing fda exhibited improved uniformity of solids.

Description

EXPRESSION OF FRUCTOSE-1.6-ALDOLASE BISPHOSPHATE IN TRANSGENIC PLANTS DESCRIPTIVE MEMORY This invention relates to the expression of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FDA) in transgenic plants to increase or improve growth and development, yield, vigor, stress tolerance, carbon distribution and storage of plants in various' reservoirs. from storage, and distribution of starch. The transgenic plants that express FDA have assimilation, translocation and storage of increased carbon in plant sources and buried organs, which results in improvements in growth, yield and quality in crop plants. Recent advances in genetic engineering have provided the tools previously needed to transform plants to contain foreign genes (commonly known as "heterologous") or improved endogenous genes. These genes can snow either to an improvement of an existing pathway in plant tissues or to an introduction of a pathway ^ Novelty to modify product levels, increase efficiency metabolic and / or save energy costs for the cell. It is now possible to produce plants with unique physiological and biochemical characteristics, and with characteristics of high agronomic importance and crop processing. * The characteristics that play an essential role in the growth and development of plants, yield potential and crop stability, and crop quality and composition include improved carbon uptake, efficient carbon storage and translocation and increased carbon separation. The fixation of atmospheric carbon (photosynthesis) by plants represents the main source of energy to support processes in all living organisms. The main sites of photosynthetic activity, generally known as "organs of origin", are the mature leaves and, to a lesser extent, the green stems. The main carbon products of the leaves of origin are starch, which represents the transient storage form of the carbohydrate in the chloroplast; and sucrose, which represents the predominant form of carbon transport in taller plants. Other parts of plants called "buried organs" (eg, roots, fruit, flowers, seeds, tubers and bulbs) are generally not autotrophic and depend on the introduction of sucrose or other major translocable carbohydrates for growth and development. The underground storage organs deposit the introduced metabolites such as sucrose and other oligosaccharides, starch and other polysaccharides, proteins and triglycerides. In the leaves, the primary products of the Calvin Cycle (the biochemical pathway leading to the assimilation of carbon) are 3-glyceraldehyde phosphate (G3P) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), also known as triose phosphates (triose-P ). The condensation of G3P and DHAP in fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) is catalyzed reversibly by the enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FDA), and several isoenzymes are known. The acid isoenzyme appears to be chloroplastic and comprises about 85% of the total aldolase activity in the leaf. The basic soenzyme is cytosolic. Both isoenzymes appear to be encoded by the nuclear genome and are encoded by different genes (Lebherz et al., 1984). In the leaf, the chloroplast FDA is an essential enzyme in the Calvin Cycle, where its activity generates metabolites for the biosynthesis of starch. The removal of more than 40% of the enzymatic activity of the plastid aldolase by antisense technology reduced the accumulation of starch in the leaf, as well as the levels of soluble proteins and chlorophyll, but also reduced the growth of the plant and the formation of roots (Sonnewald et al., 1994). In contrast, the cytosolic FDA is part of the sucrose biosynthetic pathway, where it catalyzes the reaction of the production of FBP. In addition, the cytosolic FDA is also "a key enzyme in the glycoiitic pathways and in gluconeogenesis both in the tissues of plants of origin as well as buried." In the potato industry, the production of tubers with uniform solids and higher starch is highly desirable and The current potato varieties used for the production of French potatoes, such as Russet Burbank and Shepody, suffer from a non-uniform deposition of solids between the marrow (inner core) and the rind (outer core) of the tuber. The strips of French fries that are taken from the marrow tissue have a higher water content compared to the strips of French fries from the outer crust; the bark tissue typically has a solids level of twenty-four percent, while the marrow tissue typically has a solids level of seventeen percent. Consequently, in the production process of French fries, the marrow strips need to be bleached, dried and partially fried for longer times to eliminate excess water. Proper processing of the marrow potatoes results in overcooking of the potatoes with high solids content. The frying, drying and partial frying times of the french fries processor need to be adjusted accordingly to suit the low solids pith strips and the high solids crust strips. A potato with a higher solids content with a more uniform distribution of the starch from the marrow to the bark would allow a more uniform fried finished product, with higher production of plants and cost savings thanks to the reduced fading, drying and partial frying times . Although several fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate aldolases have been previously characterized, it has been found that overexpression of the enzyme in a transgenic plant provides advantageous results in the plant, such as increased assimilation, translocation and storage of carbon, increase in the production of oils and / or proteins in the plant, and improvement in the uniformity of tuber solids.

The present invention provides structural DNA constructs that encode the enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FDA) and which are useful for increasing the uptake, translocation and storage of carbon in plants. To achieve the foregoing, there is provided, in accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a method for producing genetically transformed plants that have high carbon assimilation, storage and translocation, and improved solids uniformity, which comprises the steps of: a ) inserting in the genome of a plant a recombinant double-stranded DNA molecule comprising: (i) a promoter that functions in the cells of a target plant tissue, (ii) a structural DNA sequence that results in the production of a RNA sequence encoding a fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate aldolase enzyme, (ii) a 3 'untranslated DNA sequence that functions in plant cells to cause transcriptional termination and the addition of polyadenylated nucleotides to the 3' end of the RNA sequence; b) obtain transformed plant cells; and c) regenerating transformed plant cells from genetically transformed plants having high ADF activity.

In another aspect of the present invention there is provided a recombinant double-stranded DNA molecule comprising in sequence: (i) a promoter that functions in the cells of a target plant tissue, (i) a structural DNA sequence that causes the production of an RNA sequence encoding a fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate aldolase enzyme, (ii) a 3 'untranslated DNA sequence that functions in plant cells to cause transcriptional termination and the addition of polyadenylated nucleotides to the 3 'end of the RNA sequence; In a further aspect of the present invention, the sequence of Structural DNA that causes the production of an RNA sequence encoding a fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate aldolase enzyme is coupled with a chloroplast transit peptide to facilitate the transport of the enzyme to the plastid. In accordance with the present invention, an improved means is provided for increasing the assimilation, storage and translocation of carbon in the tissues of origin of various plants. Additional means of carbon accumulation are also provided in underground organs (such as roots, tubers, seeds, stems and bulbs), thereby increasing the size of several underground organs (roots, longer tubers, etc.) and subsequently increasing the yield and productivity of the harvest. The increased availability of carbon for these underground organs would also improve the composition and efficiency of use in the underground organ (production of oil, proteins, starch and / or sucrose, and / or uniformity of solids). Several advantages can be achieved by means of the present invention, including: First, increasing the expression of the FDA enzyme in the chloroplast would increase the flow of carbon through the Calvin Cycle and increase the assimilation of atmospheric carbon during the initial photoperiod. This would result in an increase in photosynthetic efficiency and an increase in the production of chloroplast starch (a form of carbon storage in the leaf degraded during periods in which photosynthesis is low or absent). Both of these responses could lead to an increase in the production of sucrose by the plant and a net increase in carbon translocation during a given photoperiod. This increase in the capacity of origin is a desirable feature in crop plants and could lead to increased plant growth, storage capacity, yield, vigor and tolerance to stress. Second, increasing the expression of FDA in the cytosol of photosynthetic cells would lead to an increase in the production of sucrose and its translocation outside the leaves of origin. This increase in the capacity of origin is a desirable characteristic in crop plants and could lead to an increased growth of the plant, in its storage capacity, performance, vigor and tolerance to stress. Third, the expression of FDA in tissues of underground organs can show several desirable characteristics, such as deposits of amino acids and / or increased fatty acids by means of increases in carbon flux through glycolysis (and thus pyruvate levels) in seeds or other subterranean organs, and increased starch levels as a result of increased production of 6-glucose phosphate is seeds, roots, stems and tubers where starch is a major non-structural storage carbohydrate (reverse glycolysis). This increase in underground organ resistance is a desirable feature in crop plants and could lead to increased plant growth, storage capacity, yield, vigor and stress tolerance. Fourth, the invention is particularly desirable for use in the commercial production of foods derived from potatoes. Potatoes used for the production of French fries and other products suffer from a non-uniform distribution of solids between the marrow (inner core) and the rind (outer core) of the tuber. In this way, the strips of French fries from the regions of the marrow of said tubers have a low solids content and a high water content compared to the strips of the bark of the same tubers. Therefore, the French fries processor tries to adjust the processing parameters so that the final internal strips are cooked enough while the strips of the outer bark are not overcrowded. However, the results of these adjustments are highly variable and could lead to a poor quality of the product. The transgenic potatoes that express fda will provide the processor of French fries and French fries with a crude product that consistently presents a uniformity of solids in higher tuber with acceptable agronomic characteristics. In the production process of French fries, the frying strips of the inner tuber medulla with uniformity in higher solids content will require less time to discolor, less time to dry to a specific solids content, and less time to partially fry before freezing and sent to final users of wholesale and institutional sales. Therefore, with respect to potatoes, the present invention provides 1) a frying product of higher quality and more uniform finish, in which the French fries of all tuber regions, when processed, are almost equal , 2) a higher production in the french fries processing plant thanks to shorter processing times and 3) cost savings for the processor thanks to a lower energy consumption required for fading, drying and partial frying times more shorts A crude tuber product having a higher solids uniformity will also produce a fried potato that will have a reduced ripple, and a reduced tendency to central bubbles, which with undesirable qualities in the potato chips industry. A reduced fat content would also be the result; this would contribute to an improved appearance for the consumer and to a reduced oil use (and costs) for the processor. The increase in uniformity of solids would also result in an increase in total tuber solids. For both French fries and French fries production, this increase in total tuber solids would also result in higher production at the processing plant thanks to shorter processing times, and cost savings thanks to higher production costs. Lower energy consumption for discoloration, drying, par-frying and final frying. Figure 1 shows the nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of an E. coli fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate aldolase gene (SEQ ID NO.1). Figure 2 shows a plasmid map for the plant transformation vector pMON 17524. Figure 3 shows a plasmid map for the plant transformation vector pMON 17542. Figure 4 shows the change in diurnal fluctuations of the levels of sucrose, glucose and starch in tobacco leaves expressing the transgene (pMON17524) and the control (pMON 17227). The period of light is from 7:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. Only fully expanded and non-senescent leaves were sampled. Figure 5 shows a plasmid map for the plant transformation vector pMON13925.

Figure 6 shows a plasmid map for the plant transformation vector pMON 17590. Figure 7 shows a plasmid map for the plant transformation vector pMON 13936. Figure 8 shows a map of plasmids for the transformation vector of plant pMON17581. Figure 9 shows cross sections of potato tuber from Segal Russet Burbank lines with improved solids uniformity (upper row) against non-transgenic and unimproved Russet Burbank (lower row 10). This invention is directed to a method for producing plant cells and plants that demonstrate increased or improved growth and development, yield, quality, uniformity of starch storage, vigor and / or tolerance to stress. The method uses a DNA sequence coding for a fda (fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate aldolase) gene integrated in the. "a cell genome of a plant as a result of genetic manipulation and causes the expression of the FDA enzyme in the transgenic plant produced in this manner." Plants that overexpress the FDA enzyme exhibit increased carbon flux through the Calvin Cycle, and an assimilation of atmospheric carbon increased during the initial photoperiod, resulting in an increase in photosynthetic efficiency and an increase in starch production, thus, these plants exhibit higher levels of sucrose production by the leaf and the opacity of achieving a net increase in carbon translocation during a given photoperiod This increase in the capacity of origin leads to an increased growth of the plant, which in turn generates more biomass and / or increases the size of the underground organ, finally providing higher yields of the transgenic plant, this greater biomass or size of underground organ The increased can be evidenced by different forms or parts of plants depending on the particular plant species or particular growing conditions of the plant overexpressing the FDA enzyme. In this way, the increased size that results from the overexpression of ADF can be observed in the seed, fruit, stem, leaf, tuber, bulb or other part of the plant, depending on the plant species and its dominant subterranean organ during a particular growth phase and after the environmental effects caused by certain growth conditions, for example, drought, temperature or other stresses. Therefore, transgenic plants that overexpress FDA could have increased assimilation, storage and translocation of carbon in organs of origin and underground organ of the plant, which would result in improvements in growth, yield, uniformity and quality. Plants that overexpress FDA may also exhibit desirable quality characteristics such as increased production of starch, oils and / or proteins, depending on the plant species overexpressed by the FDA. In this way, overexpression of ADF in a particular plant species could affect or alter the flow direction of the plant. . carbon then directing the utilization and storage of metabolites either to the production of starch, the production of proteins or the production of | , oil through the role of the FDA in the metabolic pathways of glycoisis and f __ 5 gluconeogenesis. It is believed that the mechanism by which the expression of the exogenous FDA modifies the carbon ratios is derived from relationships between the source-ground bodies. Leaf tissue is a source of sucrose, and if more sucrose results from the expression activity of Increased FDA is transported to an underground organ, resulting in storage carbon (sugars, starch, oil, proteins, etc.) or nitrogen (proteins, etc.) increased by a certain weight of the tissue of the underground organ Expression in a plant of a gene that exists in a form of double-stranded DNA involves the transcription of messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA strand by the enzyme RNA poiimerase, and the subsequent processing of the primary transcript of mRNA within the nucleus. This processing includes a 3 'untranslated region, which adds polyadenylated nucleotides to the 3' end of the RNA. The transcription of DNA in mRNA is regulated by a region of DNA normally known as the promoter. The promoter region contains a base sequence that sends a signal to the RNA polymerase to associate with the DNA and initiate the transcription of mRNA using one of the DNA strands as a template to make a corresponding complementary RNA strand. This RNA is then used as a template for the production of the encoded protein encoded there by the protein biosynthetic machinery of the cell. A number of promoters that are active in plant cells have been described in the literature. These include the nopaline synthetase (NOS) and octopine synthetase (OCS) promoters (which are carried on Agrobacterium tumefaciens tumor-inducing plasmids), the caulimovirus promoters such as 19S and 35S cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV). and 35S promoters of the scrophularia mosaic virus (FMV), the light-inducible promoter of the small subunit of ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase (ssRUBISCO), a very abundant plant polypeptide, and the promoters of the binding protein gene a / b chlorophyll, etc. All of these promoters have been used to create several types of DNA constructs that have been expressed in plants; see, for example, PCT publication WO 84/02913. Promoters that are known or found to cause DNA transcription in plant cells can be used in the present invention. Such promoters can be obtained from a variety of sources such as plant and plant viruses and include, but are not limited to, the increased CaMV35S promoter and promoters isolated from plant genes such as the ssRUBISCO genes. As described below, it is preferred that the particular promoter selected must be capable of causing sufficient expression to result in the production of an effective amount of enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase to cause the desired increase in assimilation, storage or carbon translocation. The expression of the double-stranded DNA molecules of the present invention can be driven by a constitutive promoter, expressing the DNA in all or most of the tissues of the plant. Alternatively, it may be preferred to cause expression of the fda gene in specific tissues of the plant, such as leaf, stem, root, tuber, seed, fruit, etc. tissues. The chosen promoter will have the tissue specificity and desired development. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the amount of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate The aldolase necessary to induce the desired increase in carbon uptake, storage or translocation may vary depending on the type of plant. Therefore, the function of! promoter must be optimized by selecting a promoter with the desired tissue expression capabilities and approximate promoter force, and selecting a transformant which produces the desired fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate aldolase activity or the desired change in carbohydrate metabolism in the target tissues. This approach to the selection of the group of transformants is routinely used in the expression of heterologous structural genes in plants $ because there is a variation between the transformants that contain the same heterologous gene due to the site of insertion of the gene into the genome of ia _? plant (commonly known as "position effect"). In addition to promoters known to cause transcription (constitutively or tissue-specific) of DNA in plant cells, other promoters can be identified for use in the present invention by analyzing a plant cDNA library for genes that are selectively or preferably expressed in the target tissues of interest and then isolating the promoter regions by methods known in the art. In particular, it might be desirable to use a shed-cell (or cell-enhanced expression) specific cell promoter for use with C4 plants such as corn, sorghum and sugarcane to obtain the performance benefits of FDA overexpression and not using a constitutive promoter or a promoter with improved expression properties of mesophilic cell. For the purpose of expressing the fda gene in tissues of plant origin, such as the leaf or stem, it is preferred that the promoters used in the double-stranded DNA molecules of the present invention have relatively high expression in these specific tissues. . For this purpose, one could also choose from a number of promoters for genes with leaf-specific or leaf-enhanced expression. Examples of such genes known in the literature are the chloroplast glutamine synthetase G2 pea genes (Edwards et al., 1990), wheat chloroplast fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) (Lloyd et al., 1991), ST-LS1 nuclear photosynthetic potato (Stockhaus et al., 1989) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and chalcone synthetase (CHS) from Arabidopsis thaliana (Leyva et al., 1995). The genes of ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxyiase (RUBISCO) isolated from eastern larch (Larix laricin) have also been shown to be active in photosynthetically active tissues (Campbell et al., 1994).; the cab gene, which codes for the chlorophyll a / b binding protein of PSII, isolated from pine (cab6; Yamamoto et al., 1994), wheat (Cab-1; Fejes et al., 1990), spinach (CAB-1) Luebberstedt et al., 1994) and rice (cabI R; Luán et al., 1992); pyruvate orthophosphate dithinase (PPDK) from corn (Matsuoka et al., 1993); the Lhcbl * 2 gene of tobacco (Cerdan et al., 1997); the sucrose-H + introducer SUC2 gene from Arabidopsis thaliana (Tuernit et al., 1995) and the thylakoid membrane proteins isolated from spinach (psaD, psaF, psaE, PC, FNR, atpC, atpD, cab, rbcS, Oelmueller and others , 1992). Other chlorophyll a / b binding proteins, such as LhcB and PsbP of white mustard (Sínapis alba, Kretsch et al., 1995) have been studied and described in the literature. Promoters homologous to those described herein may also be isolated from, and tested in the target or related cre plant by standard molecular biology procedures. For the purpose of expressing the fda in tissues of underground organs of the plant, for example the tuber of the potato plant; the tomato fruit; or the seed of corn, wheat, rice or barley, it is preferred that the promoters used in the double-stranded DNA molecules of the present invention have relatively high expression in these specific tissues. A number of genes with tuber-specific or tuber-enhanced expression are known, including the class I patatin promoter (Bevan et al., 1986; Jefferson et al., 1990); the potato tuber ADPGPP genes, both large and small subunits (Muller et al., 1990); sucrose synthetase (Salanoubat and Belliard, 1987, 1989); the main tuber proteins including 22 kDa protein complexes and priteinase inhibitors (Hannapel, 1990); the granule-bound starch synthetase gene (GBSS) (Rohde et al., 1990) and the other class I and II patatinas (Rocha-Sosa et al., 1989; Mignery et al., 1988). Other promoters may also be used to express a fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate aldolase gene in specific tissues, such as seeds or fruits. The promoter for β-conglycinin (Tierney, 1987) or other seed specific promoters, such as the napin and phaseolin promoters, can be used to overexpress a fda gene specifically in seeds. Zeins are a group of storage proteins found in the endosperm of corn. Genomic clones have been isolated for zein genes (Pedersen et al., 1982), and the promoters of these clones, including the 15 kDa, 16 kDa, 19 kDa, 22 kDa, 27 kDa and gamma genes, could also be used to express a fda gene in the seeds of corn and other plants. Other promoters known to work in corn, wheat or rice include the promoters for the following genes: waxy, Brittle, Shrunken 2, branching enzymes I and II, starch synthetases, debranching enzymes, oleosins, glutelins and sucrose synthetases. Promoters that are particularly preferred for the expression of maize endosperm, as well as in wheat and rice, of a fda gene are the promoter for a rice glutelin gene, most particularly the Osgt-1 promoter (Zheng et al., 1993); the (waxy) corn starch synthetase-linked gene (zmGBS); the small rice subunit ADPGPP promoter (osAGP) and the zein promoters, particularly the 27 kDa corn zein gene (zm27) promoter (see, generally, Russell et al., 1997). Examples of suitable promoters for the expression of a fda gene in wheat include those for the genes for the subunits of ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase (ADPGPP), for the binding to granule and other starch synthetases, for the branching and debranching enzymes, for the abundant proteins in embryogenesis, for gliadins and for glutenins. Examples of such promoters in rice include those for the genes for the subunits of ADPGPP, for the binding to granule and other starch synthetases, for branching enzymes, for debranching enzymes, for sucrose synthetases and for glutenins. One promoter that is particularly preferred is the promoter for rice glutelin, Osgt-1. Examples of such promoters for barley include those for the genes for the subunits of ADPGPP, for the binding to granule and other starch synthetases, for the branching enzymes, for the debranching enzymes, for sucrose synthetases, for the hordeins, for the globulins of embryo and for the specific proteins of aleurone. The content of root tissue solids can be increased by expressing a fda gene behind a specific root promoter. An example of such promoter is the promoter of the chitinase acid gene (Samac et al., 1990). Root tissue expression could also be achieved using the tissue-specific subdomains of the CaMV35S promoter that have been identified (Benfey, et al., 1989).

RNA produced by a DNA construct of the present invention may also contain a 5 'untranslated leader sequence. This sequence can be derived from the promoter selected to express the gene and can be specifically modified to increase translation of the mRNA. The 5 'untranslated regions can also be obtained from viral RNA molecules, from suitable eukaryotic genes or from a synthetic gene sequence. The present invention is not limited to constructs, as presented in the following examples, wherein the untranslated region is derived from the 5 'untranslated sequence that accompanies the promoter sequence. Instead, the untranslated leader sequence can be derived from an unrelated promoter or coding sequence. In monocotyledons, an intron is preferably included in the gene construct to facilitate or increase the expression of the coding sequence. Examples of suitable introns include the HSP70 intron and the rice actin intron, both of which are known in the art. Another suitable intron is the castor catalase intron (Suzuki et al., 1994).

Polyadenylation signal The 3 'untranslated region of the chimeric plant gene contains a polyadenylation signal that functions in plants to cause the addition of polyadenylated nucleotides to the 3' end of the RNA. Examples of suitable 3 'regions are (1) transcribed 3' untranslated regions containing the polyadenylation signal of Agrobacterium tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid genes, such as the nopaline synthetase (NOS) gene, and (2) plant genes such as the soy storage protein genes and the small subunit of the pbulosa-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase (ssRUBISCO) gene.

Plastid-directed Expression of Fructose-1, 6-Bisphosphate Aldolase Activity In one embodiment of the invention, the fda gene can be fused to a chloroplast transit peptide, to deliver the FDA protein to the plastid. As used hereinafter, chloroplast and plastid are designed to include the different forms of plastids including amyloplasts. Many plastid localized proteins are expressed from nuclear genes as precursors and are targeted to the plastid by means of a chlortoplast transit peptide (CTP), which is removed during the introduction steps. Examples of such chloroplast proteins include the small subunit of ribuiosa-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase (ssRUBISCO, SSU), 5-enolpyruvatoshikyto-3-phosphate synthetase (EPSPS), ferredoxin, ferredoxin oxidoreductase, protein I and protein complex II of harvest with light and thioredoxin F. It has been shown that non-plastid proteins can be directed to the chloroplast by the use of protein fusions with a CTP and that a CTP sequence is sufficient to direct a protein to the plastid. Those skilled in the art will also recognize that various other chimeric constructs can be made that utilize the functionality of a particular plastid transit peptide to introduce the enzyme fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase into the plastid of the plant cell. The fda gene could also be targeted to the plastid by transforming the gene into the chloroplast genome (Daniell et al., 1998).

Fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate aidolases As used herein, the term "fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate aldolase" means an enzyme (E.C. 4.1 .2.13) which catalyzes the reversible cut. •; < 10 of fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate to form glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP). Aldolase enzymes are divided into two classes, designated class I and class II (Witke and Gotz, 1993). Several fda genes that code for the enzyme have been sequenced, as have numerous proteins, such as the cytosolic corn enzyme (GenBank access S07789; S10638), rice cytosolic enzyme (GenBank accession number JQ0543), spinach cytosolic enzyme (GenBank accession number S31091; S22093), from Arabidopsis thaliana (GenBank Accession number S1 1958), from spinach chloroplast (GenBank Accession number S31090; A21815; S22092), yeast (S. cerevisiae) (GenBank Accession number S07855; S37882; S12945; S39178; S44523; X75781) of Rhodobacter sphaeroides GenBank Accession number B40767; D41080), of ß. Subtilis (GenBank Accession number S55426; D32354; E32354; D41835), garden pea (GenBank accession number S29048; S3441 1), garden chloroplast accession (GenBank accession number S29047; S34410), corn (GenBank) Accession number S05019), from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (GenBank accession number S48639; S58485; S58486; S34367), from Corynebacterium glutamicum (GenBank Accession number S09283; X17313), from Campycter jejuni (GenBank Accession number S52413), from Haemophilus influenzae (strain Rd KW20) (GenBank accession number C64074), of Streptococcus pneumonia (GenBank accession number AJ005697), of rice (GenBank accession number X53130) and of the anaerobically regulated corn gene (GenBank accession number X12872). Class I enzymes can be isolated from higher eukaryotes, such as animals and plants, and in some prokaryotes, including Peptococcus aerogens (Lebherz and Rutter, 1973), Lactobacillus casei (London and Kline, 1973), Escherichia coli (Stribling and Perham). , 1973), Mycobacterium smegmatis (Bai et al., 1975) and most staphylococcal species (Gotz et al., 1979). The gene for the FDA enzyme can be obtained by known methods and this has already been done for several organisms, such as rabbit (Lai et al., 1974), human (Besmond et al., 1983), rat (Tsutsumi et al., 1984), Trypanosoma brucei (Clayton, 1985) and Arabidopsis thaliana (Chopra et al., 1990). These class I enzymes are invariably tetrameric proteins with a total molecular weight of about 160 kDa and function by the formation of imine between the substrate and a lysine residue at the active site (Alfounder et al., 1989).

In animals, three class I isoenzymes, classified as A, B and C, are expressed in the cytosol of muscle tissue, liver and brain respectively, and are different from plant aldolases in their patterns of expression and compartmentalization (Joh et al., 1986). ). In the leaves of higher plants, FDA is a class I enzyme, and two different isoenzymes within the class have been documented. One is contained in the chloroplast and the other in the cytosol (Lebherz et al., 1984). The acid vegetable isoenzyme seems to be chloroplastic and comprise approximately 85% of the total aidolase activity in the leaf. The basic plant isoenzyme is cytosolic, and both 10 isoenzymes appear to be encoded by the nuclear genome and are encoded by different genes (Lebherz et al., 1984). Class II aldolases are normally dimeric with a molecular mass of approximately 80 kDa, and their activity depends on. divalent metal ions. Ciase II enzymes can be isolated from. ^^ 15 prokaryotes, such as cyanophyceous algae and bacteria, and eukaryotic green algae and fungi (Baldwin et al., 1978). The gene for the FDA class II enzyme can be obtained by known methods and this has already been done from several organisms including Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Jack and Harris, 1971), Bacillus stearothermophilus (Jack, 1973) and Escherichia coli (Baldwin et al., 1978).

It is believed that highly homologous class II fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate aldolases with similar catalytic activity will also be found in other species of microorganisms, such as Saccharomyces (Saccharomyces cerevisiae); Bacillus (Bacillus subtilis); Rhodobacter (Rhodobacter sphaeroides); Plasmodium (Plasmodium falciparium, Plasmodium berghei); Trypanosoma (Typanosoma brucei); Chlamydomonas (Chlamydomas reinhardtii); Candida (Candida albicans); Corynebacterium (Corynebacterium glutamicum); Campycter (Campycter jejuni) and Haemophilus (haemophilus influenza). Such sequences can be easily isolated by methods well known in the art, for example by hybridization with nucleic acid. The hybridization properties of a certain pair of nucleic acids are an indication of their similarity or identity. The nucleic acid sequences may be selected based on their ability to hybridize with known fda sequences. Low stringency conditions can be used to select sequences with less homology or identity. One might wish to employ conditions such as about 0.15 M sodium chloride to about 0.9 M, at temperatures ranging from approximately 20CC to approximately 55 ° C. High stringency conditions can be used to select nucleic acid sequences with higher degrees of identity to the sequences described. The conditions employed may typically include sodium chloride about 0.02 M to about 0.15 M, about 0.5% to about 55 casein, about 0.02% SDS or about 0.1% N-lauryl sarcosine, sodium citrate about 0.001 M to about 0.03 M, at hybridization temperatures of between about 50 ° C and about 70 ° C. Most preferably, high stringency conditions are approximately 0.02 M sodium chloride, about 0.5% casein, about 0.02% SDS, about 0.001 M sodium citrate at a temperature of about 50 ° C. The person skilled in the art will recognize that numerous variations are possible in the conditions and means by which hybridization with nucleic acid can be carried out to isolate fda sequences having similarity to the fda sequences known in the art and are not limited to those explicitly described in the present. Preferably, said approach is used to isolate fda sequences that have more than about 60% identity with the described E. coli fda sequence, most preferably more than about 70% identity, more preferably about 80% identity. . Depending on the growing conditions, Euglena gracilis, Chlamydomonas mundana and Chlamydomonas reinhardi produce either a class I or class II aldolase (Cremona, 1968).; Russell and Gibbs, 1967; Guerrini et al., 1971). The isolation of the fda ciase II gene from E. coli is described in the following examples. Its DNA sequence is given as SEQ ID NO: 1 and is shown in Figure 1. The amino acid sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 and is shown in Figure 1. This gene can be used as an isolate by inserting it into suitable plant expression vectors for the transformation method of choice as described. The E. coli FDA enzyme has an apparent optimal pH range of almost 7-9 and maintains activity at the lower pH scale of 5-7 (Baldwin et al., 1978; Alfounder et al., 1989). In this way, many different genes encoding a 5-fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate aldolase activity can be isolated and used in the present invention.

Synthetic gene construction A carbohydrate metabolism enzyme considered in This invention includes any amino acid sequence, such as a protein, polypeptide or peptide fragment, which demonstrates the ability to catalyze a reaction involved in the synthesis or degradation of starch or sucrose. These can be sequences obtained from a heterologous source,. such as algae, bacteria, fungi and protozoa, or plant sequences Endogenous organisms, by means of which "any sequence that can be found naturally in a plant cell, including native (indigenous) plant sequences, as well as sequences of plant viruses or pathogenic plant bacteria, are intended." It will be recognized by one skilled in the art that sequences of carbohydrate metabolism enzyme gene can also be modified using standard techniques such as site-specific mutation or PCR, or modification of the sequence can be achieved by producing a synthetic nucleic acid sequence and will still be considered a nucleic acid sequence of carbohydrate biosynthesis enzyme of this invention. For example, the "wobble" positions in the codons can be changed so that the nucleic acid sequence codes for the same amino acid sequence, or alternatively, the codons can be altered to result in conservative amino acid substitutions. In any case, the peptide or protein maintains the desired enzymatic activity and is thus considered part of this invention. A nucleic acid sequence for a carbohydrate metabolizing enzyme may be a DNA or RNA sequence, derived from DNA, cDNA, genomic mRNA, or may be synthesized in whole or in part. Structural gene sequences can be cloned, for example, by isolating genomic DNA from a suitable source and amplifying and cloning the sequence of interest using a porase chain reaction (PCR). Alternatively, the gene sequences can be synthesized, either completely or in part, especially when it is desired to provide sequences preferred by the plant. In this manner, all or a portion of the desired structural gene can be synthesized using preferred codons by a selected plant host. The codons preferred by the plant can be determined, for example, from the codons most frequently used in proteins expressed in particular plant host species. Other modifications of the gene sequences may result in mutants having slightly altered activity.

If desired, the gene sequence of the fda gene can be changed without changing the protein sequence in such a way that it could increase the expression and then affect even more positively the carbohydrate content in transformed plants. A preferred form for making changes in the gene sequence is described in PCT publication WO 90/10076. A gene synthesized following the methodology described therein can be introduced into plants as described below and result in higher levels of expression of the FDA enzyme. This could be particularly useful in monocots such as corn, rice, wheat, sugarcane and barley.

Combinations with other transgenes The effect of fda in transgenic plants can be increased 1 'by combining it with other genes that affect assimilation in a positive way Or the carbohydrate content, such as a gene encoding a sucrose phosphorylase as described in PCT publication WO 96/24679, or ADPGPP genes such as the glgC gene of E. coli and its mutant g / gC16. PCT publication WO 91/19806 describes how to incorporate this last gene in many plant species to increase the starch or solids content. Another gene that could be combined with fda to increase the assimilation, storage and translocation of carbon is a gene that codes for sucrose phosphate synthetase (SPS). PCT publication WO 92/16631 describes such a gene and its use in transgenic plants.

Transformation / regeneration of plants In order to develop the nucleic acid constructs of this invention, the different components of the construct or fragments thereof will normally be inserted into a normal cloning vector, for example, a plasmid which is capable of replication in a bacterial host, for example, E. coli. There are numerous vectors that have been described in the literature, many of which are commercially available. After each cloning, the cloning vector with the desired insert can be isolated and subjected to further manipulation, such as restriction digestion, insertion of new fragments or nucleotides, ligation, deletion, mutation, resection, etc., to design the components of the desired sequence. Once the construction has been completed, it can then be transferred to a suitable vector for further manipulation according to the manner of transformation of the host cell. A recombinant DNA molecule of the invention typically includes a selectable marker so that the transformed cells can be easily identified and selected from non-transformed cells. Examples of such include, but are not limited to, a neomycin phosphotransferase (nptll) gene (Potrykus et al., 1985), which confers resistance to kanamycin. Cells expressing the nptll gene can be selected using a suitable antibiotic such as kanamycin or G418. Other commonly used selectable markers include the bar gene, which confers resistance to bialaphos; a mutant EPSP synthetase gene (Hinchee et al., 1988), which confers resistance to glyphosate; a nitriiase gene, which confers resistance to bromoxynil (Stalker et al., 1988); a mutant acetolactate synthetase (ALS) gene, which confers resistance to imidazolinone or suifonylurea (European patent application 154,204, 1985) and a DHFR gene resistant to methotrexate (Thillet et al., 1988). Plants that can be made to have improved carbon uptake, translocation and increased carbon separation by practicing the present invention include, but are not limited to, Acacia, alfalfa, anet, apple, apricot, artichoke, arugua, asparagus, avocado , banana, barley, bean, beetroot, cranberry, blackberry, broccoli, brussels, coi, cañola, chinese melon, carrot, cassava, cauliflower, celery, cherry, cilantro, citrus, clementine, coffee, corn, cotton, cucumber, Oregon pine, eggplant, endive, escarole, eucalyptus, fennel, fig, zucchini, grape, grapefruit, honeydew, jicama, kiwi, lettuce, leek, lemon, lime, incense pine, mango, melon, mushroom, walnut, oats, rapeseed , okra, onion, orange, an ornamental plant, papaya, parsley, pea, peach, peanut, pear, pepper, plate, pine, pineapple, plantain, plum, pomegranate, white poplar, potato, squash, quince, radiata pine, radicio, raspberry, rice, rye, sorghum, southern pine, soy, spinach, green squash, strawberry, sugar beet, sugar cane, sunflower, sweet potato, sweetgum, tangerine, tea, tobacco, tomato, turf, vine, watermelon, wheat, sweet potato and Italian zucchini. A double-stranded DNA molecule of the present invention containing a fda gene can be inserted into the genome of a plant by any suitable method. Suitable plant transformation vectors include those derived from a Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, as well as those described, for example, by Herrera-Estrella et al. (1983), Bevan (1984), Klee et al. (1985) and the publication of EPO 120,516. In addition to plant transformation vectors derived from Ti or root-inducing plasmids (Ri) from Agrobacterium, alternative methods may be used to insert the DNA constructs of this invention into plant cells. Such methods may include, for example, the use of liposomes, electroporation, chemicals that increase the uptake of Adn in free form, DNA supply in free form by means of bombardment with microprojectiles and transformation using virus or pollen. DNA can also be inserted into the chloroplast genome (Daniell et al., 1998). A plasmid expression vector suitable for the introduction of a fda gene into monocots using microprojectile bombardment is composed of the following: a promoter that is specific or increased for expression in the storage tissue of starch in monocots, generally the endosperm, such as promoters for zein genes found in maize endosperm (Pedersen et al., 1982); an intron that provides a cut-off site for facilitating gene expression, such as the Hsp70 intron (PCT publication Wo93 / 19189) and a 3 'polyadenylation sequence such as the 3' sequence of nopaline synthetase (3 'NOS; and others, 1983). This expression cassette can be assembled into high copy number replicons suitable for the production of large amounts of DNA. A plant transformation vector based on Agrobacterium particularly useful for use in the transformation of dicotyledonous plants is the plasmid vector pMON530 (Rogers et al., 1987). Plasmid pMON530 is a derivative of pMON505 prepared by transferring the 2.3 kb Stul-Hindlll fragment from pMON316 (Rogers et al., 1987) into pMON526. Plasmid pMON526 is a simple derivative of pMON505 in which the Smal site is removed by Xmal digestion, Klenow polymerase treatment and ligation. Plasmid pMON530 retains all the properties of pMON505 and the CaMV35S-NOS expression cassette and now contains a single cut site for Smal between the promoter and polyadenylation sequence. The binary vector pMON505 is a derivative of pMON200 (Rogers et al., 1987) in which the region of homology with the Ti plasmid, LIH, has been replaced with a Hindlll of 3.8 kb to the Smai segment of the plasmid mini RK2, pTJS75 (Schmidhauser and Helinski, 1985). This segment contains the origin of replication of RK2, oriV, and the origin of transfer, oriT, for conjugation in Agrobacterium using the triparental coupling procedure (Horsch and Klee, 1986). Plasmid pMON505 retains all the important characteristics of pMON200, including the synthetic multi-linker for the insertion of the desired DNA fragments, the chimeric NOS / NPTII7NOS gene for kanamycin resistance in plant cells, the determinant of spectinomycin / streptomycin resistance for selection in E. coli and A. Tumefaciens, an intact nopaline synthetase gene for easy scoring of transformants and inheritance in the progeny, and a pBR322 repiration origin for ease in making large amounts of the vector in E. coli. Plasmid pMON505 contains a single T-DNA border derived from the right end of the nopaline T-DNA type PtiT37. Southern blot analysis has shown that plasmid pMON505 and any DNA that it carries are integrated into the plant genome, ie, the complete plasmid is the T-DNA that is inserted into the genome of the plant. One end of the integrated DNA is located between the right border sequence and the nopaline synthetase gene, and the other end is between the edge sequence and the pBR322 sequences. Another particularly useful plasmid cassette Ti vector is pMON17227. This vector is described in PCT publication WO 92/04449 and contains a gene encoding an enzyme that confers resistance to glyphosate (referred to as CP4), which is an excellent selection marker gene for many plants, including potato and tomato. . The gene is fused to the Arabidopsis EPSPS chloroplast transit peptide (CTP2) and expressed from the FMV promoter as described therein. When adequate numbers of cells (or protoplasts) containing the fda or cDNA gene are obtained, the cells (or protoplasts) are regenerated in whole plants. The choice of methodology for the regeneration step is not critical, with adequate protocols available for legume hosts (alfalfa, soy, garlic, etc.), umbelliferae (carrots, celery, parsnip), cruciferae (cabbage, radish, canola / rapeseed, etc.), cucurbits (melons and cucumbers), grasses (wheat, barley, rice, corn, etc.), Solanaceae (potatoes, tobacco, tomatoes, peppers), various floral crops, such as sunflowers and walnuts, such as almonds, cashew, walnuts and pecans. See, for example, Ammirato et al. (1984); Shimamoto et al. (1989); Fromm (1990); Vasil et al. (1990); Vasil et al. (1992); Hayashimoto (1990) and Datta and others (1990). The following definitions are provided to assist those skilled in the art in understanding the detailed description of the present invention. The term "promoter" or "promoter region" refers to a nucleic acid sequence, normally found towards the 5 'end in a coding sequence, which controls the expression of the coding sequence by controlling the production of messenger RNA (mRNA) by providing the recognition site for RNA polymerase or other factors necessary to initiate transcription in the correct site As contemplated herein, a promoter or promoter region includes variations of derived promoters by means of ligation to various regulatory sequences, random or controlled mutagenesis and addition or duplication of enhancer sequences. The promoter region described herein, and the biologically functional equivalents thereof, are responsible for conducting the transcription of coding sequences under their control when they are introduced into a host as part of a suitable recombinant vector, as demonstrated by their capacity to produce mRNA. "Regeneration" refers to the process of growing a plant from a plant cell (e.g., protoplast or plant explant). "Transformation" refers to a method of introducing an exogenous nucleic acid sequence (e.g., a vector, recombinant nucleic acid molecule) into a cell or protoplast wherein said exogenous nucleic acid is incorporated into a chromosome or is capable of Autonomous replication A "transformed cell" is a cell whose DNA has been altered by introducing an exogenous nucleic acid molecule into that cell. The term "gene" refers to chromosomal DNA, plasmid DNA, cDNA, synthetic DNA or other DNA that codes for a peptide, polypeptide, protein or RNA molecule, and regions that flank the coding sequence involved in the regulation of expression . "Identity" refers to the degree of similarity between two nucleic acid or protein sequences. An alignment of the two sequences is carried out by a suitable computer program. A computer program widely used and accepted to carry out sequence alignments is CLUSTALW v1.6 (Thompson et al., 1994). The number of mating bases or amino acids is divided by the total number of bases or amino acids and multiplied by 100 to obtain a percentage identity. For example, if two sequences of 580 base pairs had 145 paired bases, they would be 25 percent identical. If the two sequences compared have different lengths, the mating number is divided between the shorter of the two lengths. For example, if there were 100 amino acids paired between proteins of 200 and 400 amino acids, they would be 50 percent identical with respect to the shorter sequence. If the shorter sequence is less than 50 bases or amino acids in length, the number of matings is divided by 50 and multiplied by 100 to obtain a percentage identity. The "C-terminal region" refers to the region of a peptide, polypeptide or protein chain from the middle thereof to the terminus carrying the amino acid having a free carboxy group. The phrase "heterologous DNA segment to the promoter region" means that the coding DNA segment does not exist in nature in the same gene with the promoter to which it is now attached. The term "coding DNA" refers to chromosomal DNA, plasmid DNA, cDNA, synthetic DNA that codes for any of the enzymes described herein. The term "genome" applied to bacteria encompasses both the chromosome and the pásmidos within a bacterial host cell. The DNA encoding molecules of the present invention introduced into bacterial host cells can therefore be either chromosomally integrated or located in the piásmido. The term "genome" applied to plant cells, encompasses not only chromosomal DNA found within the nucleus, but also the DNA of organelles found within subcellular components of the cell. The DNA molecules of the present invention introduced into plant cells can therefore be integrated chromosomally or located in organelles. The terms "microbe" or "microorganism" refer to algae, bacteria, fungi and protozoa. The term "mutein" refers to a mutant form of a peptide, polypeptide or protein. "N-terminal region" refers to the region of a peptide, polypeptide or protein chain from the amino acid having a free amino group up to half the chain. "Overexpression" refers to the expression of a polypeptide or protein encoded by a DNA introduced into a host cell, wherein said polypeptide or protein is or is not normally present in the host cell, or wherein said polypeptide or protein is present in said host cell. host cell at a level higher than that normally expressed from the endogenous gene encoding said polypeptide or protein. The term "plastid" refers to the class of plant cell organelles that includes amyloplasts, chloroplasts, chromoplasts, elayopiats, eoplasts, etioplastos, leucoplastos and proplástidas. These organelles are self-replicating and contain what is commonly known as the "chloroplast genome", a circular DNA molecule that varies in size from about 120 kb to about 217 kb, depending on the plant species, and which normally contains a region of inverted repetition. The phrase "simple carbohydrate substrate" means a monosaccharide or an oligosccharide, but not a poiisaccharide; Simple carbohydrate substrate includes glucose, fructose, sucrose and lactose. The more complex carbohydrate substrates commonly used in media such as corn syrup, starch and molasses can be degraded to simple carbohydrate substrates. The term "solids" refers to the non-aqueous component of a tuber (such as in potatoes) or a fruit (such as in tomatoes) that mainly comprises starch and other polysaccharides, simple carbohydrates, unstructured carbohydrates, amino acids and other molecules organic The following examples are provided to better describe the practice of the present invention and should not be construed in any way as limiting the scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will recognize that various modifications, truncations, etc. can be made to the methods and genes described herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

EXAMPLES EXAMPLE 1 Cloning and overexpression of cDNA Unless indicated otherwise, the manipulations and genetic techniques of basic DNA, such as PCR, agarose electrophoresis, restriction digestions, ligations, transformations with E. coli, colony analysis and Western blots were carried out essentially through the protocols described in Sambrook et al. (1989) or Maniatis et al. (1982). The sequence of the E. coli fda gene (SEQ ID NO: 1) was obtained from Genbank (accession number X14682) and the nucleotide primers with 5 'and 3' end homology were designed for PCR amplification. Chromosomal DNA was extracted from E. coli and the E. coli fda gene was amplified by PCR using the 5 'oligonucleotide 'GGGGCCATGGCTAAGATTTTTGATTTCGTA3 '(SEQ ID NO: 3) and the oligonucleotide 3' 5OCCCGAGCTCTTACAGAACGTCGATCGCGTTCAG3 '(SEQ ID NO: 4). The conditions of PCR cycles were as follows: 94 ° C, 5 min (1 cycle); addition of polymerase; 94 ° C, 1 min., 60 ° C, 1 min., 72 ° C, 2 min. 30 sec. (35 cycles). The 1.08 kb PCR product was gel purified and ligated into an E. coli expression vector, pMON5723, to form a vector construct that was used for the transformation of frozen competent E. coli JM101 cells. The pMON5723 vector contains the recA promoter of E. coli and the leader sequences of the 10 T7 gene (G10L), which make high level expression possible in E. coli (Wong et al., 1988). After induction of the transformed cells, a protein band other than about 40 kDa was apparent on an SDS PAGE gel, which correlates with the size of the subunit polypeptide chain of the dimeric Aldolase II. It was shown that most of the induced protein was present in the soluble phase. A gel cut containing the highly induced protein was isolated and the antibodies were produced in a goat, which was injected with the homogenized gel cut (emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant). The sequence of the fda gene was subsequently cloned into another expression vector of E. coli, under the control of the taq promoter. Induction with I PTG of JM1 1 cells transformed with this vector showed the same band of overexpressed 40 kDa proteins. This new clone was used in an enzyme test to verify the activity of the FDA. The cells transformed with this vector construct were cultured in a liquid culture, induced with IPTG and cultured for another 3 hours. Subsequently, a 3 mL cell culture was extracted, dissolved in 100 mM Tris and sonicated. The cell pellet was removed and the supernatant of the crude cell extract was tested to verify the activity of FDA, using a coupled enzymatic test as described by Baldwin et al. (1978). This test was carried out routinely at 30 ° C.

The reaction was carried out in a final volume of 1 mL in excess presence of the enzymes triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (GDH) in a reaction mixture containing final concentrations of 100 mM Tris pH 8.0 , 4.75 mM of fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate, 0.15 mM of NADH, 500 U / mL of TIM and 30 U / mL of GDH. The decrease in absorbance at 340 nm after the supernatant addition of the cell extract was recorded using a spectrophotometer with HP diode array. An international unit (I.U.) of aldolase activity which causes the oxidation of 2 μr? Ol of NADH / min in this test system. Extracts from cells containing the vector with the fda sequence showed a substantial increase in aldolase activity (13.1 I.U./mg of protein) compared to cells transformed with the control vector (0.15 I.U./mg of protein). Activity was shown to be inhibited by EDTA, which is known to specifically inhibit class'll aidolases.

EXAMPLE 2 Transformation of plants and expression of fda in tobacco Direction of the FDA protein Fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate aidolase from E. coli was targeted to the plastids in plants to determine their influence on carbohydrate metabolism and starch biosynthesis in these plant organelles. To achieve the introduction of the aldolase of E. coli in plastids, a vector was constructed in which the aldolase was fused to the small subunit transit peptide of Arabidopsis (CTP1) (Stark et al., 1992) or the small subunit of CTP corn (Russell et al., 1993), creating constructions in the which the CTP-fda fusion gene was located between the 35S promoter of the scrofularia mosaic virus (P-FMV35S; Gowda et al., 1989) and the 3 'untranslated region of the nopaline synthetase gene sequences (NOS 3'; Fraley et al., 1983). The vector construct containing the expression cassette [P-FMV CTP1 / fca / NOS3 '] was subsequently used for the tobacco protoplast transformation, which was carried out as described in Fromm et al. (1987), with the following modifications. Suspensions of tobacco Xanthi D (Txd) cell line cultures were grown in 250 mL flasks at 25 ° C and 138 rpm in the dark. For maintenance, a subculture volume of 9 mL was removed and added to 40 mL of fresh Txd medium containing MS salts, 3% sucrose, 0.2 g / L inositol, 0.13 g / L asparagine, 80 μL of a volume of 50 mg / mL of PCPA, 5 μL of a volume of 1 mg / mL of kinetin and 1 mL of 1000x vitamins (1.3 g / L of nicotinic acid, 0.25 g / L of thiamine, 0.25 g / L of HCL of pyridoxine and 0.25 g / L of calcium pantothenate) every 3 to 4 days. Protoplasts were isolated from 1-day-old suspension cells that came from a 2-day-old culture. 16 milliliters of cells were added to 40 mL of fresh Txd medium and allowed to grow 24 hours before the digestion and isolation of the protoplasts. The centrifugation step for the enzyme mixture was removed. The electroporation pH regulator and protopioste isolation medium were sterilized in a filter instead of being autoclaved. 4 mM of CaCl2 was not added to the electroporation pH regulator. The cells in suspension were digested in enzyme for 1 hour. The protoplasts were counted in a hemacytometer, counting only the protoplasts that looked intact and circular. Bio-rad Gene Pulser probes (catalog # 165-2088) with a space of 0.4 cm and a maximum volume of 0.8 mL were used for electroporations. Fifteen to 100 μg of DNA containing the gene of interest together with 5 μg of internal control DNA containing the luciferase gene were added per test tube. The final protoplast density at electroporation was 2x500106 / mL and the electroporator settings were a capacitance of μFarad and 140 volts in the Bio-rad Gene Pulser. The protoplasts were placed on ice after resuspension in electroporation pH regulator and remained on ice in test tubes until 10 minutes after electroporation. Protoplasts were added to 7 mL of 0.4 M Txd + 0.4 M mannitol and conditioning medium after electroporation. At this stage, no more coconut water was used. The protoplasts were cultured in a photoperiod regime of 1 hour day / night at 26 ° C and extracted and tested or frozen 20-24 hours after electroporation. The Western blot analysis carried out on the protoplast extracts, obtained after the transformation, showed processing in the mature FDA in the tobacco protoplasts. The expression of a protein migrating at approximately 40 kDa was detected, which is the molecular weight of the aldolase subunit and the size of the protein that was also observed after overexpression of aldolase in E. coli. The expression cassette [P-FMV / CTP1 / fc / a / NOS3 '] was then cloned into the NotI site of pMON 17227 (described in PCT publication WO 92/04449), in the same orientation as the expression cassette of the selectable marker, to form the plant transformation vector pMON 17524, as shown in Figure 2 (SEQ ID NO: 5). An additional construct was made and used for the transformation of tobacco protoplast, fusing the fda gene to the transit peptide EPSPS of Arabidopsis (CTP2), which is described in the patent of E.U.A. No. 5,463,175. The transit peptide was cloned (through the Sphl site) into the Sphl site located immediately towards the 5 'end from the N terminus of the fda gene sequence in the CTP1-fda fusion (described above). This new CTP2- _ / a fusion gene was then cloned into a vector between the FMV promoter and the 3 'NOS sequences. When this construct containing the sequences of the CTP2 / fda gene was used for the transformation of tobacco protoplast, the expression of a protein migrating at approximately 40 kDa was detected, which is the molecular weight of the aldolase subunit and the size of the protein that was also observed after the overexpression of aldolase in E. coli. The expression cassette [P-FMV / CTP2 // ra / NOS3 '] of this construct was then cloned into the NotI site of pMON 17227 in the same orientation as the selectable marker expression cassette, to form the transformation vector of plant pMON17542, which is shown in figure 3 (SEQ ID NO: 6). For the cytoplasmic expression of the FDA in tobacco protoplasts, a construct was made in which the sequence of the fda gene (without being stuck to a transit peptide) was cloned in a vector base structure, between the FMV promoter and the sequences US 3 '. The use of this construct for the protoplast transformation of tobacco also showed the expression of a protein of the same size, which migrated at approximately 40 kDa.

Expression of fda in tobacco plants Two constructs, containing the fda gene, fused to the small subunit of Arabidopsis CTP1 (pMON17524) (SEQ ID NO: 5, figure 2) and the transit peptide (CTP2) of EPSP from Arabidopsis ( pMON17542) (SEQ ID NO: 6, Figure 3), were used for the transformation of tobacco plant, as described in the US patent. No. 5,463,175. A vector without the CTP-fda sequences, pMON 17227 (described in PCT publication WO 92/04449), was used as a negative control. The plant transformation vectors were mobilized in the ABI strain of Agrobacierium. The pairing of the plant vector in strain AB1 was done by means of the triparental conjugation system using the auxiliary plasmid pRK2013 (Ditta et al., 1980).

Transformed tobacco lines grown in the growth chamber were generated and analyzed first by Western blot analysis to identify expressors using goat antibody exposed against fda expressed by E. coli. Subsequently, for tobacco lines expressing pMON 17524, non-structural leaf carbohydrates (sucrose, glucose and hydrolyzed starch in glucose) were analyzed by means of a YSI instrument, model 2700 Select Biochemistry Analyzer. Starting at the flowering stage, leaf samples from these plants were also taken and analyzed to verify diurnal changes in non-structural leaf carbohydrates. Fresh tobacco leaf tissue samples of 500 milligrams a 1 g were harvested and extracted in 5 mL of Na-phosphate pH regulator (40 g / L of NaH2PO and 10 g / L of NaH2PO in dually deionized water) by homogenization with a Polytron. Then, test tubes were placed in a water bath at 85 ° C for 15 minutes. The tubes were centrifuged for 12 minutes at 3000 rpm and the supernatants were stored for analysis of soluble sugar. The pellet was resuspended in 5 mL of hot Na-phosphate pH buffer, mixed with a Vortex and centrifuged as described above. The supernatant was carefully removed and added to the above supernatant fraction for analysis of soluble sugar (sucrose and glucose) by YSI using suitable membranes. The starch was extracted from the pellet using the Megazyme equipment (Megazyme, Australia). To the pellet was added 200 μL of 50% ethanol and 3 mL of thermostable alpha-amiiase (300U) and the mixture was vortexed. The samples were then incubated in boiling water for 6 minutes and agitated after 2 and 4 minutes. The tubes were placed in a water bath at 50 ° C and 4 mL of 200 mM acetate buffer (pH 4.5) followed by 0.1 mL of amyloglucosidase (20 U) were added. Incubation occurred for 1 hour. The test tubes were then centrifuged for 15 minutes at 3000 rpm. Aliquots of the supernatant were taken and analyzed for glucose by YSI. The free glucose was adjusted to anhydrous glucose (as in starch multiplying by the ratio 162/182). The total volume per tube was 7.1 mL. As shown in table 1, the expression of the fda gene in tobacco was correlated with a functional increase in leaf starch levels. However, referring to figure 4, when a diurnal profile of starch levels was established in the leaves expressing fda, this increase was apparent mainly at the beginning of the photoperiod, which is a phase in which the leaves grow to have activity photosynthetic peak. This increase in starch has no apparent negative effect on the plant because the increased starch decreases during the dark period. There was no apparent increase in the steady-state levels of sucrose or glucose in tobacco leaves expressing E. coli in comparison with the control.

TABLE 1 Carbohydrate levels in leaf of plants expressing transgendada (PMON17524) High expresores Low expresores Control (total protein> 0.01%) (< 0.01%) Negative (mg / g fresh weight) STARCH 35.08 ± 2.84 23.25 ± 3.20 16.69 ± 2.92 SACROSE 0.97 + 0.17 0.86 ± 0.25 0.66 ± 0.19 GLUCOSE 1 .88 + 0.17 1 .58 + 0.20 1.68 ± 0.26 1 Leaf samples were harvested at noon A second set of transgenic tobacco plants transformed with the pMONN17542 construct were grown in the greenhouse. Tobacco plants containing a vector without the CT-fda sequences, pMON 17227, were used as a negative control. Of all the pMON 17542 lines analyzed for expression by Western biot analysis, 18 were high exprestors (> 0.01% of the total cellular protein) and 15 lines were low exprestors (< 0.01%). Fifteen plants containing the null vector, pMON17227, were used as control. Fully expanded leaves of plants expressing the transgene and negative controls were tested for sucrose translocation by collecting phloem exudate from extirpated leaf systems. The phloem exudate technique is described in Groussol et al. (1986). The leaves were harvested at 1 1: 30 AM and placed in an exudate medium, containing 5 mM EDTA at pH 6.0, and allowed to exude for a period of 4 hours under full light and high humidity. The exudate solution was analyzed immediately to verify the level of sucrose, as described above in the carbohydrate analysis method. As shown in table 2, a significant increase in the translocation of sucrose from the leaves of origin was observed in plants expressing the fda transgene. This increase in translocation of sucrose by leaves expressing fda is an illustration of an increase in the capacity of origin, most likely due to an increased carbon flux through the Calvin Cycle (in response to an increased use of triose-P ) and in this way an increase in the use of net carbon by the sheet. As observed in Table 2, the increase in the sucrose load in the phloem correlates with the expression level of fda.

TABLE 2 Sucrose levels in the phloem exudate from leaves excised from transgenic tobacco plants fda (pMON17542) High transmitters 320 ± 20 330 ± 60 108 ± 22 fda Low transmitters 340 ± 10 210 ± 10 77 ± 3 fda Control 390 ± 30 160 ± 10 56 ± 3 With reference to table 3, the preliminary analysis of plant growth and development did not reveal significant differences in the number of leaves or shoots per plant, plant height, stem diameter, or apparent seed weight per plant, among plants that expressed the fda gene and the vector control under the specific conditions of growth and analysis. However, as seen in table 4, the fda transgenic plants had a significantly higher root mass. This could be an indication that, under these conditions, the roots represented a more dominant underground organ that attracted the excess carbohydrates produced by the leaves of origin. In addition, the present illustration shows that the increase in root mass in the presence of the E. coli fda gene was achieved without apparent negative effect on shoot growth, inflorescence or seed fixation. Therefore, this increase in root growth and dry weight of the final root is a desirable plant characteristic because it would lead to rapid seedling establishment after germination and a greater plant capacity to tolerate drought , cold stress, other environmental changes and transplantation. In different plants and under different growing conditions, it is expected that other parts of the plant (such as seed, fruit, stem, leaf, tuber, bulb, etc.) show the increase in weight observed in roots of tobacco overexpressing in transgene fda TABLE 3 Determination of certain parameters of growth and development of plants in tobacco expressed by transgender 1 (pMON 17542) Number of Height Number of the Weight of the shoots / plant and leaves / plant plant seed (cm) (g / plant) Expresores 162 ± 40 25.4 ± 0.8 65.3 + 3.1 18.8 ± 2.4 high Control 156 ± 28 24.4 ± 0.5 65.8 ± 5.1 17.3 ± 2.6 1 To achieve this analysis, 14 high-expressor lines were compared with 15 control plants. Measurements were made before the seed was harvested (most of the shoots had reached maturity). The number of leaves was confirmed by counting the number of knots to verify the leaf fall.

TABLE 4 Dry weight of tobacco root of plants expressing the transgene of £. co // 1 (pMON17542) Dry weight of root (g / plant) High fda expresers 64.0 ± 3.9 Low fda expressives 62.7 ± 5.4 Control 31.7 ± 1 .6 'The roots of 5 high and 7 low expression lines and 6 control plants were carefully cut and washed; then they were placed in a drying oven at 65 ° C for at least 48 hours. The roots were removed from the oven and left to equilibrate in the laboratory for 2 hours before the determination of the dry weight.

EXAMPLE 3 Plant transformation and expression of fda in corn plants Direction of the FDA protein Vectors containing the fda gene were made with and without the plastid targeting peptide for transformation into corn and are also suitable for other monocots, including rice, wheat, barley, sugar cane, triticale, etc. . For the cytosolic expression of the fda gene in maize plants a construct was made in which the sequence of the fda gene was fused with the base structure of a vector containing the improved CaMV 35S promoter (e35S; Kay et al., 1987), and HSP70 intron (U.S. Patent No. 5,593,874), and the NOS3 polyadenylation sequence (Fraley et al., 1983). This created a Notl cassette [P-e35S / HSP70 intron / _aNOS3 '] which was cloned into the NotI site of pMON30460, a monocot transformation vector, to form the plant transformation vector pMON13925, as shown in Figure 5. pMON30460 contains an expression cassette for the selectable neomycin phosphotransferase type II marker gene (nptll) [P-35S / NPTII / NOS3 '] and a unique NotI site to clone the gene of interest. The final vector (pMON13925) was constructed in such a way that the gene of interest and the selectable marker gene were cloned in the same orientation. A vector fragment containing the expression cassettes for these gene sequences can be excised from the bacterial selector (Kan) and ori, gel purified and used for plant transformation. For the cioroplast directed expression of the fda gene in maize plants, a construct was made in which the sequence of the fda gene, coupled to the small subunit of RUBISCO CTP maize (Russell et al., 1993), was fused in the structure of base of a vector containing the improved 35S promoter (CaMV), the HSP70 intron and the NOS3 polyadenylation sequences. This created a Notl cassette [P-e35S / HSP70 intron / mzSSuCTP / f_ / a / NOS3 '] that was cloned into the Notl site (in the same orientation as the selectable marker cassette [P-35S / NPTII / NOS3'] ) of the monocot transformation vector, pMON30560, to form the vector pMON17590, as shown in figure 6. From this vector a fragment containing the expression cassette of the fda gene and the selectable marker cassette of the bacterial selector (Kan) and ori, purified with gel and used for vegetable transformation. For the specific expression of cytosolic endosperm of the adolasa gene in maize, the sequence of the fda gene was cloned into a vector (in the same orientation as the selectable marker cassette [P-35S / NPTII / NOS3 ']) containing the promoter. of the P-osgtl glutelin gene (Zheng et al., 1993), the HPS70 intron and the NOS3 'polyadenylation sequences to form the vector pMON13936, as shown in Figure 7. From this vector a fragment containing the cassette was excised. of expression of the fda gene [P-ogstl / HSP70 ¡ntron // __ / NOS3 '] and the cassette of the selectable marker could be excised from the bacterial selector (Kan) and ori, purified with gel and used for plant transformation.

Transformation of corn plant Transgenic corn plants transformed with vectors pMON 13925 (described above) or pMON 17590 (described above) were produced using microprojectile bombardment, a procedure well known in the art (Fromm, 1990; Gordon-Kamm et al. , 1990; Walters et al., 1992). The embryogenic callus initiated for immature maize embryos was used as a target tissue. Plasmid DNA at 1 mg / mL in pH regulator TE was precipitated onto M10 tungsten particles using a calcium chloride / spermidine procedure, essentially as described by Klein et al. (1988). In addition to the gene of interest, the plasmids also contained the neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptll) gene driven by the 35S promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus. The target tissue of the embryogenic callus was pretreated on an osmotically regulated pH culture medium with 0.2M mannitol plus 0.2M sorbitol for approximately four hours before the bombardment (Vain et al., 1993). The tissue was bombarded twice with the tungsten particles coated with DNA using the powder version of the BioRad Particles Delivery System (PDS) 1000 device. Approximately 16 hours after the bombardment, the tissue was subcultured on a medium of the same composition except that it did not contain mannitol or sorbent, and contained a suitable aminoglycoside antibiotic, such as G418", to select those cells that contained and expressed the 35S / nptll gene.The active growth tissue sections were transferred to a fresh selective medium approximately every 3 days. Weeks Approximately 3 months after the bombardment, plants of the surviving embryogenic callus were regenerated essentially as described by Duncan and Widholm (1988).

Aldolase activity of transgenic corn To measure the aldolase activity in leaf, samples of corn leaf were taken and immediately frozen on dry ice. The aldolse enzyme was extracted from the leaf tissue by grinding the leaf tissue at 4 ° C in 1.2 mL of the extraction pH regulator (100 mM Hepes, pH 8.0, 5 mM 5 mM MgCl2l MnCl2, 100 mM KCl, 10 mM DTT, 1% BSA, 1 mM PMSF, 10 μg / mL leupeptin, 10 μg / mL aprotinin). The extract was centrifuged at 15,000 x g, at 4 ° C for 3 minutes, and the non-desalted supernatant was tested to verify its enzymatic activity. This extraction method gave approximately 60% recovery of FDA activity of E. coli. The total aldolase activity was determined in 0.98 mL of reaction mixture consisting of 100 mM EPPS-NaOH, pH 8.5, 1 mM fructose bisphosphate, 0.1 mM NADH, 5 mM MgCl2, 4 units alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and 15 units of triosephosphate isomerase. The reaction was initiated by the addition of 20 μL of leaf extract. The resulting data, generated from a single experiment, are presented in table 5.

TABLE 5 Aldolase activity of transgenic corn leaves A phenotype was visible in the primary transformants (RO plants) that expressed E. coli FDA when the protein was directed to the chloroplast. The leaves were chlorotic but the seed was normal. R1 plants were grown in experiments both in the field and in the greenhouse. Starch was not detectable in the leaves using iodine staining and pollination was delayed. It is believed that the phenotype in these corn plants may be the result of the promoter (e35S) used in both vectors pMON17590 and pMON13925 which are not preferred to cause the expression of FDA in corn. Because e35S is believed to cause enhanced mesophilic expression since the Calvin Cycle in a C4 plant such as maize occurs predominantly in the cells of the pod bundle, the use of a promoter that directs enhanced expression in the cells of the sheath bundle (such as the ssRUBISCO promoter). The vectors containing said promoter and which drive the expression of FDA have been prepared and are being tested in corn. In particular, the small RuBISCO subunit of corn (PmzSSU, a cell-specific promoter of the sheath bundle) has been used to construct vectors for cell-specific expression of corn in corn. A class I aldolase (fdal), a fda without an iron-sulfur cluster and with different properties of fdall, was used to improve the carbon metabolism in C4 crops (for example, corn). The gene for aldolase class I was amplified from the genome of Staphylococcus aureus and activity was confirmed. Transformation vectors were then constructed to express both classes of aldolase (fdal and fdall) in a cell-specific manner in corn. The following cassettes were made: pMON13899: PmzSSU / hsp70 / mzSUU CTPÍfdal pMON13990PmzSUU / hsp70 / mzSSU CTP / fdall pMON13988: 35'S hsp70 / fda / These vectors were used for the corn transformation as described above. The biochemical and physiological analysis of the primary transformants should allow the identification of the overexpression of the aldolase gene that will lead to increase the growth, development and yield in corn. Likewise, two vectors were used for the transformation of corn that could lead to the expression of the fda II gene of E. coli in the maize endosperm. The vector pMON 13936 uses the rice gtl promoter to drive the expression of aldolase in the cytoplasm of the endosperm cells. Another vector (pMON 36416) uses the same promoter with the transit peptide of the small subunit RUBISCO of corn to localize the protein in the amyloplasts. Homozygous lines of the cytosolic aldolase transformants have been identified (the homozygosity of 37 plants was confirmed using Western blot analysis) and seeds of these plants were collected for grain composition analysis (moisture, protein, starch and oil). Of the 53 primary transformants pMON 36416 analyzed for the expression of aldolase directed to amyioplast, 1 1 were positive. These plants will be tested for propagation of homozygosity selection and the homozygous seeds will be used for composition analysis.

EXAMPLE 4 Plant transformation and phda expression in potato plants Direction of fda expression The plant expression vector pMON 17542 (described above), in which the fda gene was expressed behind the FMV promoter and the enzyme aldolase is fused to the chloroplast transit peptide CTP2, was used for the transformation of potato mediated by Agrobacterium. A second potato transformation vector was constructed by cloning the Notl cassette [P-FMV / CTP2 / fda / NOS3 '] (described above) into the unique Notl site of pMON23616. pMON 23616 is a potato transformation vector containing the right border region of nopaline T-DNA (Fraley et al., 1985), an expression cassette for the neomycin phosphotransferase type ll gene [PPP-35S NPTII / NOS3 ' ] (selectable marker), a unique Noti site for cloning the gene expression cassette of interest, and the left border region of T-DNA (Barker et al., 1983). The cloning of the Notl cassette [P-FMV / CTP2 // _, a / NOS3 '] (described above) in the Notl site of pMON23616 results in the potato transformation vector pMON 17581, as shown in Figure 8. The vector pMON 17581 was constructed in such a way that the gene of interest and the selectable marker gene were transcribed in the same direction.

Transformation of potato plant The plant transformation vectors were mobilized in the ABI strain of Agrobacterium. The pairing of the plant vector in the ABI strain was carried out by the triparental conjugation system using the auxiliary plasmid pRK2013 (Dina et al., 1980). The vector pMON 17542 was used for the transformation of potatoes by means of the transformation with Agrobacterium of potato callus Russet Burbarik, following the method described in PCT publication WO96 / 03513 for the selection with glyphosate of transformed lines. After transformation with the pMON17542 vector, transgenic potato seedlings that appeared by glyphosate selection were analyzed to verify E. coli expression and aldolase by Western blot analysis of the leaf. From 112 tested independent lines, 50 fda expression lines (45%) were identified, with fda expression levels varying between 0.12% and 1.2% of the total extractable protein. The plant transformation vector PMON17581 was used for the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of potato callus HS31-638. HS31-638 is a Russet Burbank potato line previously transformed with the mutant ADP glucose pyrophosphoriiase (g / gCI6) gene from E. coli (U.S. Patent 5,498,830). The potato heat was transformed following the method described in PCT publication WO96 / 03513, substituting glyphosate as a selective agent with kanamycin (administered at a concentration of 150-200 mg / L). The transgenic potato plants were analyzed to verify the expression of the fda gene by testing leaf punctures of tissue culture seedlings. Western blot analysis (using antibodies raised against the E. coli aldolase) of the leaf tissue of lines transformed with pMON17581 identified 12 expression lines of 56 lines analyzed. The expression of a protein migrating at approximately 40 kDa was detected, which is the molecular weight of the aldolase subunit (class II) of E. coli and the size of the protein observed after overexpression of aldolase in E. coli .

Specific gravity measurements of transgenic potato plants Of the 50 potato lines expressing fda obtained after transformation with pMON17542, 7 of the highest expression lines were micropropagated in tissue culture, and 8 copies of each line were planted in containers with a diameter of 36 centimeters and 34 centimeters deep, which contained a mixture of: V_ of half Metro 350, 1A of fine sand, 1A of Ready Earth medium. Russet Burbank wild type seedlings of tissue culture were planted as controls. All plants were grown for approximately 5 months in the greenhouse at which the daytime temperature was about 21-23 ° C while the night temperature was about 13 ° C. The plants were irrigated every other day throughout their period of active growth and were fertilized with a commercial fertilizer from Peter 20-20-20 once a week., at levels similar to those of commercial applications. Fertilization was carried out only during the first 2 V_ months, at which point the fertilization stopped completely. The plants were allowed to senesce naturally, and at approximately 50% senescence, the tubers were harvested. For each harvest line, all the tubers of the 8 containers were grouped and a total weight was obtained. Then for each line, tubers of 30 g or more were grouped and the specific gravity was determined in this group of tubers. The specific gravity is the weight of the tubers in the air divided by the weight in the air minus the weight in water. The results of these weight measurements are presented in table 6.

TABLE 6 Specific gravity measurements of transgenic potato plants Line number Weight Increment Weight% of Weight Total total gravity in the combined% combined increase specific of by weight of yield tubers total tubers • of more than (tubers of more than 30 g of more than 30 g (% of 30 g ) total weight) RB 6609 4477 67.70% 1,087 40652 5138 neg 1307 neg 25.40% 1 .08 4061 1 7170 8.5% 4533 1 .3% 63.20% 1 .083 40608 7470 13.0% 1070 neg 14.30% 1.081 40632 7776 21.8% 5453 21.8% 70.10% 1.088 40614 8688 31.5% 5468 22.2% 62.90% 1 .Ó83 40631 8800 33.2% 6188 38.2% 70.30% 1 .084 40610 9746 47.0% 7777 73.0% 80% 1.087 This table summarizes tuber yield and specific gravity for all seven lines grown in the greenhouse. The results indicate that, in comparison with the control, all but one of the fda lines shows an increase in total tuber yield, and that in four lines there is a corresponding increase in the percentage of tubers weighing more than 30 g. For combined tubers of more than 30 g, the percentage of total weight is close to that of the control, and for two lines it is greater than that of the control. This indicates that five of the six lines show a higher total yield and do not make smaller tubers. In other words, with the increase in total yield, there is a corresponding increase in the percentage of larger tubers (more than 30 g). However, there is no increase in the specific gravity of the tubers. In conclusion, it appears that the expression of fda in potato produces larger numbers of tubers per plant without a sacrifice in tuber size. This represents a production benefit because the farmer could potentially be able to produce the same amount of tubers using fewer acres. Similar experiments will also be carried out by co-expressing fda with other carbohydrate metabolizing genes, such as glgC16, to determine how such combinations will affect tuber yield, deposition of solids in tubers and specific gravity of total tubercle.

Aldolase Activity of Transgenic Potatoes After having cultivated for 3 months (after planting) in the greenhouse, leaf samples were taken from 6 of the highest fda expression potato lines, obtained after transformation with pMON17542, and verified its aidolase activity. To measure the aldolase activity of the potato leaf, duplicate leaf samples of each line were taken and immediately frozen on dry ice. Aldolase was extracted from 0.2 g of leaf tissue by grinding 4 ° C in 1.2 mL of the extraction pH regulator: 100 mM Hepes, pH 8.0, mM MgCl 2, 5 mM MnCl 2, 100 mM KCl, 10 mM DTT, 1% BSA, 1 mM PMSF, 10 μg / mL leupeptin and 10 μg / mL aprotinin. The extract was tested to verify aldolase activity as described above. Six independent transgenic potato lines expressing FDA were tested for aldolase activity. The expression of fda in leaves is an indicator of the expression in the whole plant because the FMV promoter used to drive the expression of the respective coding DNA molecules directs the expression of the gene in a largely constitutive manner, if not in all, the tissues of potato plants. Table 7 summarizes the quantitative protein expression data for each of the lines, and the percentage activity for each individual line.

TABLE 7 Aldolase activity of transgenic Russet Burbank potato leaves Exp. Lines # 1 Exp. # 2 Average of activity ^ Act (U / gPF)% of Act Act (U / gPF)% of Act Control 4,461 100 4,732 100 100 40608 6,969 156 8,055 170 163 40610 8,489 190 7,326 155 173 40652 5.812 130 6.367 135 132 40632 5.257 118 4.244 90 104 40631 5.764 129 4.968 105 117 40611 5.715 128 5.836 123 126 Uniformity of solids in transgenic potato Twenty-five lines Russet Burbank expressing fda (potato lines designated "Master"), obtained after transformation with pMON17542, and fifteen Russet Burbank single line, which also contained g / gC16 (PCT publication WO 91/19806 and US Patent No. 5,498,830), which expressed fda (potato lines designated "Segal "), obtained after transformation with pMON17581, were field tested in two different places. For each field site, 36 plants per line (three replications of 12 plants per line), were evaluated to verify the distribution of solids in the tuber. At harvest, the tubers were pre-sorted at each field site in a category of 31 1 to 315 grams, and nine tubers of each replicate plot were analyzed in groups of three. For a typical tuber from 31 1 to 315 grams having a diameter of 7-8 cm, the distribution of starch was evaluated by removing the central longitudinal slice (13 mm) of each tuber. The slices were then peeled and flattened on a cutting board where the inner tubercle region (marrow region) was removed with a 14 mm punch. The cortex tissue (perimedullary region) was removed with a 2 mm corkscrew. The remaining bark tissue had a ring width of approximately 8 mm from the outermost region of the slice. The specific gravity was determined after weighing both the pieces of marrow collected and the pieces of bark gathered in air and then in water: Specific gravity = Weight in air / (weight in air-weight in water) After calculating the specific gravity, determined the solids levels by the following equation: -214.9206 + (218.1852 * Sp. Gravity) The degree of uniformity of solids (Uniformity Index of Ssólidos) is determined by calculating the ratio of solids from the marrow to the cortex (marrow solids divided between bark solids). The three groups of three tubers per plot were averaged, at which point the average of three plot replicates was calculated per field site. Analyzes of several tests in the field of uniformity of previous solids (data not shown) have shown that non-transgenic wild type Russet Burbank potato has a ratio of solids in tuber from pith to rind in the range of 68% to 72%, depending of the growing region and agricultural practices. Tables 8-1 1 provide ratios of marrow-to-bark solids per plant line number, a ratio of marrow-to-bark solids to a higher degree of uniformity of solids. Tables 8 and 9 represent the data of a field site (site 1) for Segal and Maestro, respectively, and illustrate that most Segal and Maestro lines have higher marrow to bark solids ratios than the 68.4% for Russet Burbank control, with some lines approaching a ratio of marrow to bark solids of 82%. Tables 10 and 11 represent the data from another field site (site 2) for Segal and Maestro, respectively, and also illustrate that most Master and Segal lines have higher marrow-to-bark solids ratios than the control of Russet Burbank, with some lines reaching a ratio of marrow to bark solids of 88%. In the field test at site 2, the Russet Burbank control had a uniform and abnormally high atypical marrow to bark solids ratio of 79.3%, which was mainly due to environmental culture conditions. The results of Site 2 demonstrate that the expression of E. coli in P. Russet Burbank, alone or with the coexistence of g / gC16, increases the uniformity of tuber solids even in a growing season in which uniformity of solids in tubercle is already extremely high in Russet Burbank non-transgenic. That is, the fda gene continues to act when agricultural conditions are already leading to an abnormally high level of uniformity of solids.

TABLE 8 solids uniformity index: Ratio of marrow solids to bark solids. Russet lines Burbank Segal. Site 1 Line Relationship S-29 79.1 S-9 75.8 S-20 71.3 S-15 71.3 S-21 70.5 S-5 70.2 S-18 70.0 control RB 68.4 S-32 68.3 S-16 65.6 TABLE 9 solids uniformity index: Ratio of marrow solids to bark solids. Lines Russet Burbank Maestro. Site 1 Lines Relationship M-13 74.0 M-12 73.6 M-1 73.4 M-3 73.0 M-6 72.4 M-9 71.2 M-1 1 70.6 M-18 70.5 M-17 69.9 M-19 69.4 M-20 68.9 RB control 68.4 M-8 68.3 M-43 67.7 M-23 67.3 M-7 67.0 M-39 66.6 M-22 66.0 M-10 65.4 M-27 61.4 TABLE 10 solids uniformity index: Ratio of marrow solids to bark solids. Russet lines Burbank Segal. Site 2 Line Relationship S-33 87.4 S-54 87.1 S-05 86.8 S-29 85.1 S-21 84.3 S-16 83.2 S-20 81.5 S-18 80.7 S-32 80.6 Control RB 79.3 S-09 79.0 TABLE 11 solids uniformity index: Ratio of marrow solids to bark solids. Lines Russet Burbank Maestro. Site 2 Line Relationship M-04 87.7 M-18 83.9 M-17 93.8 M-03 83.7 M-09 83.4 M-15 83.2 M-29 82.9 M-44 82.3 M-08 82.2 M-43 81.6 M-22 81.1 M-05 80.8 M-01 80.5 M-20 80.2 M-45 79.6 M-39 79.5 M-27 79.5 control RB 79.3 M-13 78.9 M-22 78.8 M-19 78.7 M-07 78.2 M-12 77.9 M-23 77.3 M-06 76.5 M-10 75.0 1-1 1 74.1 The effect of aldolase on the ratios of marrow-to-bark solids in the Segal lines was slightly more dramatic than in the Master lines. It is believed that this phenotype is due to the expression of fda in an antecedent in which the host Russet Burbank expresses glgClß at a relatively low to moderate level, and that the combination of fda plus glgClß provides improved benefits. Slices of transverse tubers (Figure 9) of three Segal lines with improved solids uniformity illustrate a greater deposition of starch within the inner regions of the tuber. Specifically, an increase in the volume of the bark accompanied by the relocation of the xylem ring towards the center of the tuber, plus a more opaque marrow tissue thanks to an increase in starch density, are evident in the transgenic lines. This physiological alteration may be due to an increase in the translocation of sucrose from the origin to the subterranean organs, which may influence the distribution of the phloem element during tuber development or the availability of sucrose for starch biosynthesis throughout the tuber.

EXAMPLE 5 Plant transformation and expression of FDA in cotton plants The E. coli fda vectors pMON17524 [FMV / CTPI / ft / a] (Figure 2) and pMON17542 [FMV / CTP2 / fo_] (Figure 3) 'were transformed into cotton using Agrobacterium as described by Umbeck et al. (1987). ) and in the US patent 5,004,863. The protein was directed to the chloroplast using the chloroplast transit peptide SSU CTP I (pMON17524) from Arabidopsis or EPSPS (pMON 17542) from Arabidopsis.

Aldolase expression in cotton Five-week-old callops transformed with both vectors were analyzed by Western blot analysis and aldolase tests. The Western blot analysis indicated a large amount of proteins in the position of the FDA parameter of full length and a smaller amount in the same position in control callus extracts. It appeared that the protein was completely processed. To verify that the ADF was expressed in the tissue and for a comparison of the activity, the calluses transformed with the two vectors were extracted in a pH regulator that could avoid the loss of activity of the transgenic product. BSA was added to the final concentration of 1 mg / mL, which limited the processing analysis in the introduction by Western blot. The aldolase tests were carried out more or less 25 mM EDTA, which inhibits the E. coli enzyme but not the plant enzyme. The results of the tests are shown in table 12.

TABLE 12 Aldolase activity in cotton calluses and cotton leaves ? A340 e? -3 /; mg protein / 5 min. No. of -EDTA + EDTA Colony increase per fold Controls Cotton sheet (Coker) 4.0 4.2 - Uninoculated callus 7.7 7.7 5.6 1.3X Inoculated callus (E35S / GUS) # 1 6.8 6.1 - # 2 3.5 4.0 - FDA callouts pMON 17542 # 1 3.5 2.3 1.5X # 3 5.5 2.6 2.1X # 5 9.2 3.8 2.4X # 4 19.8 3.6 5.5X pMON17524 # 2 15.2 5.8 2.6X # 3 12.5 4.0 3.1X # 5 14.4 2.9 4.9X # 6 4.1 1.2 3.5X The results indicate that there is an adequate expression of the fda gene in cotton calluses. Almost all callus had an aldolase activity at least twice as high, and the increase was sensitive to EDTA inhibition. Processing appeared complete by Western blot analysis using these samples.

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LIST OF SEQUENCES (1. GENERAL INFORMATION: (i) APPLICANT: Gerard Barry Nordine Cheikh Ganesh Kishore (ii) TITLE OF THE INVENTION: Expression of fructose 1, 6 bisphosphate aldolase in transgenic plants (iii) SEQUENCE NUMBER: 6 (iv) CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS: (A) RECIPIENT: Arnold, White & Durkee (B) STREET: P.O. Box 4433 (C) CITY: Houston (D) STATE: Texas (E) COUNTRY: United States (F) ZIP: 77210-4433 (v) COMPUTER LEADABLE FORM: (A) TYPE OF MEDIUM: Flexible disk (B) COMPUTER: IBM compatible PC (C) OPERATING SYSTEM: PC-DOS / MS-DOS (D) PROGRAM: Patentln Relay # 1.0, Version # 1.30 (vi) DATA OF THE CURRENT APPLICATION: (A) APPLICATION NUMBER: Unknown in the US (B) DATE OF SUBMISSION: Concurrently with this (C) CLASSIFIED: Unknown (vii) DATA FROM THE PREVIOUS APPLICATION: (A) APPLICATION NUMBER: Serial No. prov. in the EU 60 / 049,995 (B) SUBMISSION DATE: June 17, 1997 (viii) INFORMATION OF THE APPORTER / AGENT: (A) NAME: Patricia A. Kammerer (B) REGISTRATION NUMBER: 29,775 (C) REFERENCE / CASE NUMBER: MOBT086 (ix) INFORMATION BY TELECOMMUNICATIONS: (A) TELEPHONE: (713) 787-1400 (B) FAX: (713) 787-1440 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 1: (i) CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SEQUENCE: (A) ) LENGTH: 1080 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) CHAIN TYPE: simple (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (xi) DESCRIPTION OF THE SEQUENCE: SEQ ID NO: 1: ATGTCTAAGA TTTTTGATTT CGTAAAACCT GGCGTAATCA CTGGTGATGA CGTACAGAAA 60 GTTTTCCAGG TAGCAAAAGA AAACAACTTC GCACTGCCAG CAGTAAACTG CGTCGGTACT 120 GACTCCATCA ACGCCGTACT GGAAACCGCT GCTAAAGTTA AAGCGCCGGT TATCGTTCAG 180 TTCTCCAACG GTGGTGCTTC CTTTATCGCT GGTAAAGGCG TGAAATCTGA CGTTCCGCAG 240 GGTGCTGCTA TCCTGGGCGC GATCTCTGGT GCGCATCACG TTCACCAGAT GGCTGAACAT 300 TATGGTGTTC CGGTTATCCT GCACACTGAC CACTGCGCGA AGAAACTGCT GCCGTGGATC 360 GACGGTCTGT TGGACGCGGG TGAAAAACAC TTCGCAGCTA CCGGTAAGCC GCTGTTCTCT 420 TCTCACATGA TCGACCTGTC TGAAGAATCT CTGCAAGAGA ACATCGAAAT CTGCTCTAAA 480 TACCTGGAGC GCATGTCCAA AATCGGCATG ACTCTGGAAA TCGAACTGGG TTGCACCGGT 540 GGTGAAGAAG ACGGCGTGGA CAACAGCCAC ATGGACGCTT CTGCACTGTA CACCCAGCCG 600 GAAGACGTTG ATTACGCATA CACCGAACTG AGCAAAATCA GCCCGCGTTT CACCATCGCA 660 GCGTCCTTCG GTAACGTACA CGGTGTTTAC AAGCCGGGTA ACGTGGTTCT GACTCCGACC 720 ATCCTGCGTG ATTCTCAGGA ATATGTTTCC AAGAAACACA ACCTGCCGCA CAACAGCCTG 780 AACTTCGTAT TCCACGGTGG TTCCGGTTCT ACTGCTCAGG AAATCAAAGA CTCCGTAAGC 840 TACGGCGTAG TAAAAATGAA CATCGATACC GATACCCAAT GGGCAACCTG GGAAGGCGTT 900 CTGAACTACT ACAAAGCGAA CGAAGCTTAT CTGCAGGGTC AGCTGGGTAA CCCGAAAGGC 960 GAAGATCAGC CGAACAAGAA ATACTACGAT CCGCGCGTAT GGCTGCGTGC CGGTCAGACT 1020 TCGATGATCG CTCGTCTGGA GAAAGCATTC CAGGAACTGA ACGCGATCGA CGTTCTGTAA 1080 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 2: (i) CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SEQUENCE: (A) LENGTH: 359 amino acids (B) TYPE: amino acid (C) TYPE OF CHAIN: (D) TOPOLOGY: Linear (xi) DESCRIPTION OF THE SEQUENCE: SEQ ID NO: 2 Met Ser Lys He Phe Asp Phe Val Lys Pro Gly Val He Thr Gly 5 10 15 Asp Asp Val Gln Lys Val Phe Gln Val Ala Lys Glu Asn Asn Phe 20 25 30 Ala Leu Pro Ala Val Asn Cys Val Gly Thr Asp Ser He Asn Ala 35 40 45 Val Leu Glu Thr Wing Wing Lys Val Lys Wing Pro Val He Val Gln 50 55 60 Phe Ser Asn Gly Gly Wing Ser Phe He Wing Gly Lys Gly Val Lys 65 70 75 Ser Asp Val Pro Gln Gly Wing Wing He Leu Gly Wing He Ser Gly 80 85 90 Wing His His Val His Gln Met Wing Glu His Tyr Gly Val Pro Val 95 100 '105 He Leu His Thr Asp His Cys Ala Lys Lys Leu Leu Pro Trp He 110 115 _ 120 Asp Gly Leu Leu Asp Wing Gly Glu Lys His Phe Wing Wing Thr Gly 125 120 135 Lys Pro Leu Phe Ser Ser His Met He Asp Leu Ser Glu Glu Ser 140 145 150 Leu Gln Glu Asn He Glu He Cys Ser Lys Tyr Leu Glu Arg Met 155 160 165 Ser Lys He Gly Met Thr Leu Glu He Glu Leu Gly Cys Thr Gly 170 175 180 Gly Glu Glu Asp Gly Val Asp Asn Ser His Met Asp Wing Ser Wing 185 190 .195 Leu Tyr Thr Gln Pro Glu Asp Val Asp Tyr Ala Tyr Thr Glu Leu 200 205 210 Be Lys Be Pro Pro Arg Phe Thr Be Ala Wing Be Phe Gly Asn 215 220 225 Val His Gly Val Tyr Lys Pro Gly Asn Val Val Leu Thr Pro Thr 230 235 240 He Leu Arg Asp Ser Gln Glu Tyr Val Ser Lys Lys His Asn Leu 245 250 '255 Pro His Asn Ser Leu Asn Phe Val Phe His Gly Gly Ser Gly Ser 260 265 270 Thr Ala Gln Glu He Lys Asp Ser Val Ser Tyr Gly Val Val Lys 275 280 285 Met As As As Thr Asp Thr Gln Trp Wing Thr Trp Glu Gly Val 290 295 300 Leu Asn Tyr Tyr Lys Wing Asn Glu Wing Tyr Leu Gln Gly Gln Leu 305 310 315 Gly Asn Pro Lys Gly Glu Asp Gln Pro Asn Lys Lys Tyr Tyr Asp 320 325 - 330 Pro Arg Val Trp Leu Arg Wing Gly Gln Thr Ser Met He Wing Arg 335 340 345 Leu Glu Lys Ala Phe Gln Glu Leu Asn Ala He Asp Val Leu 350 '355 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 3: (i) CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SEQUENCE: (A) LENGTH: 30 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) CHAIN TYPE: simple (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (xi) DESCRIPTION OF THE SEQUENCE: SEQ ID NO: 3: GGGGCCATGG CTAAGATTTT TGATTTCGTA (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 4: (i) CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SEQUENCE: (A) LENGTH: 34 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) TYPE OF CHAIN: simple (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (xi) DESCRIPTION OF THE SEQUENCE: SEQ ID NO: 4: CCCCGAGCTC TTACAGAACG TCGATCGCGT TCAG (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 5: (í) CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SEQUENCE: (A) LENGTH: 10847 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) TYPE OF CHAIN: double (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (xi) DESCRIPTION OF THE SEQUENCE: SEQ ID NO: 5: 1 CGATAAGCTT GATGTAATTG GAGGAAGATC AAAATTTTCA ATCCCCATTC 51 TTCGATTGCT TCAATTGAAG TTTCTCCGAT GGCGCAAGTT AGCAGAATCT 101 GCAATGGTGT GCAGAACCCA TCTCTTATCT CCAATCTCTC GAAATCCAGT 151 CAACGCAAAT CTCCCTTATC GGTTTCTCTG AAGACGCAGC AGCATCCACG 201 AGCTTATCCG ATTTCGTCGT CGTGGGGATT GAAGAAGAGT GGGATGACGT 251 TAATTGGCTC TGAGCTTCGT CCTCTTAAGG TCATGTCTTC TGTTTCCACG 301 GCGTGCATGC TTCACGGTGC AAGCAGCCGT CCAGCAACTG CTCGTAAGTC 351 CTCTGGTCTT TCTGGAACCG TCCGTATTCC AGGTGACAAG TCTATCTCCC 401 ACAGGTCCTT CATGTTTGGA GGTCTCGCTA GCGGTGAAAC TCGTATCACC 451 GGTCTTTTGG AAGGTGAAGA TGTTATCAAC ACTGGTAAGG CTATGCAAGC 501 TATGGGTGCC AGAATCCGTA AGGAAGGTGA TACTTGGATC ATTGATGGTG 551 TTGGTAACGG TGGACTCCTT GCTCCTGAGG CTCCTCTCGA TTTCGGTAAC 601 GCTGCAACTG GTTGCCGTTT GACTATGGGT CTTGTTGGTG TTTACGATTT 651 CGATAGCACT TTCATTGGTG ACGCTTCTCT CACTAAGCGT CCAATGGGTC 701 GTGTGTTGAA CCCACTTCGC GAAATGGGTG TGCAGGTGAA GTCTGAAGAC 751 GGTGATCGTC TTCCAGTTAC CTTGCGTGGA CCAAAGACTC CAACGCCAAT 801 CACCTACAGG GTACCTATGG CTTCCGCTCA AGTGAAGTCC GCTGTTCTGC 851 TTGCTGGTCT CAACACCCCA GGTATCACCA CTGTTATCGA GCCAATCATG 901 ACTCGTGACC ACACTGAAAA GATGCTTCAA GGTTTTGGTG CTAACCTTAC 951 CGTTGAGACT GATGCTGACG GTGTGCGTAC CATCCGTCTT GAAGGTCGTG 1001 GTAAGCTCAC CGGTCAAGTG ATTGATGTTC CAGGTGATCC ATCCTCTACT 1051 GCTTTCCCAT TGGTTGCTGC CTTGCTTGTT CCAGGTTCCG ACGTCACCAT 1101 CCTTAACGTT TTGATGAACC CAACCCGTAC TGGTCTCATC TTGACTCTGC 1151 AGGAAATGGG TGCCGACATC GAAGTGATCA ACCCACGTCT TGCTGGTGGA 1201 GAAGACGTGG CTGACTTGCG TGTTCGTTCT TCTACTTTGA AGGGTGTTAC 1251 TGTTCCAGAA GACCGTGCTC CTTCTATGAT CGACGAGTAT CCAATTCTCG 1301 CTGTTGCAGC TGCATTCGCT GAAGGTGCTA CCGTTATGAA CGGTTTGGAA 1351 GAACTCCGTG TTAAGGAAAG CGACCGTCTT TCTGCTGTCG CAAACGGTCT 1401 CAAGCTCAAC GGTGTTGATT GCGATGAAGG TGAGACTTCT CTCGTCGTGC 1451 GTGGTCGTCC TGACGGTAAG GGTCTCGGTA ACGCTTCTGG AGCAGCTGTC 1501 GCTACCCACC TCGATCACCG TATCGCTATG AGCTTCCTCG TTATGGGTCT 1551 CGTTTCTGAA AACCCTGTTA CTGTTGATGA TGCTACTATG ATCGCTACTA 1601 GCTTCCCAGA GTTCATGGAT TTGATGGCTG GTCTTGGAGC TAAGATCGAA 1651 CTCTCCGACA CTAAGGCTGC TTGATGAGCT CAAGAATTCG AGCTCGGTAC 1701 CGGATCCAGC TTTCGTTCGT ATCATCGGTT TCGACAACGT TCGTCAAGTT 1751 CAATGCATCA GTTTCATTGC GCACACACCA GAATCCTACT GAGTTCGAGT 1801 ATTATGGCAT TGGGAAAACT GTTTTTCTTG TACCATTTGT TGTGCTTGTA 1851 ATTTACTGTG TTTTTTATTC GGTTTTCGCT ATCGAACTGT GAAATGGAAA 1901 TGGATGGAGA AGAGTTAATG AATGATATGG TCCTTTTTGTT CATTCTCAAA 1951 TTAATATTAT TTGTTTTTTC TCTTATTTGT TGTGTGTTGA ATTTGAAATT 2001 ATAAGAGATA TGCAAACATT TTGTTTTGAG TAAAAATGTG TCAAATCGTG 2051 GCCTCTAATG ACCGAAGTTA ATATGAGGAG TAAAACACTT GTAGTTGTAC 2101 CATTATGCTT ATTCACTAGG CAACAAATAT ATTTTCAGAC CTAGAAAAGC 2151 TGCAAATGTT ACTGAATACA AGTATGTCCT CTTGTGTTTT AGACATTTAT 2201 GAACTTTCCT TTATGTAATT TTCCAGAATC CTTGTCAGAT TCTAATCATT 2251 GCTTTATAAT TATAGTTATA CTCATGGATT TGTAGTTGAG TATGAAAATA 2301 TTTTTTTAATG CATTTTATGA CTTGCCAATT GATTGACAAC ATGCATCAAT 2351 CGACCTGCAG CCACTCGAAG CGGCCGCGTT CAAGCTTGAG CTCAGGATTT 2401 AGCAGCATTC CAGATTGGGT TCAATCAACA AGGTACGAGC CATATCACTT 2451 TATTCAAATT GGTATCGCCA AAACCAAGAA GGAACTCCCA TCCTCAAAGG 2501 TTTGTAAGGA AGAATTCTCA GTCCAAAGCC TCAACAAGGT CAGGGTACAG 2551 AGTCTCCAAA CCATTAGCCA AAAGCTACAG GAGATCAATG AAGAATCTTC 2601 AATCAAAGTA AACTACTGTT CCAGCACATG CATCATGGTC AGTAAGTTTC 2651 AGAAAAAGAC ATCCACCGAA GACTTAAAGT TAGTGGGCAT CTTTGAAAGT 2701 AATCTTGTCA ACATCGAGCA GCTGGCTTGT GGGGACCAGA CAAAAAAGGA 2751 ATGGTGCAGA ATTGTTAGGC GCACCTACCA AAAGCATCTT TGCCTTTATT 2801 GCAAAGATAA AGCAGATTCC TCTAGTACAA GTGGGGAACA AAATAACGTG 2851 GAAAAGAGCT GTCCTGACAG CCCACTCACT AATGCGTATG ACGAACGCAG 2901 TGACGACCAC AAAAGAATTC CCTCTATATA AGAAGGCATT CATTCCCATT 2951 TGAAGGATCA TCAGATACTG AACCAATCCT TCTAGAAGAT CTCCACAATG 3001 GCTTCCTCTA TGCTCTCTTC CGCTACTATG GTTGCCTCTC CGGCTCAGGC 3051 CACTATGGTC GCTCCTTTCA ACGGACTTAA GTCCTCCGCT GCCTTCCCAG 3101 CCACCCGCAA GGCTAACAAC GACATTACTT CCATCACAAG CAACGGCGGA 3151 AGAGTTAACT GCATGCAGGT GTGGCCTCCG ATTGGAAAGA AGAAGTTTGA 3201 GACTCTCTCT TACCTTCCTG ACCTTACCGA TTCCGGTGGT CGCGTCAACT 3251 GCATGCAGGC CATGGCTAAG ATTTTTGATT TCGTAAAACC TGGCGTAATC 3301 ACTGGTGATG ACGTACAGAA AGTTTTCCAG GTAGCAAAAG AAAACAACTT 3351 CGCACTGCCA GCAGTAAACT GCGTCGGTAC TGACTCCATC AACGCCGTAC 3401 TGGAAACCGC TGCTAAAGTT AAAGCGCCGG TTATCGTTCA GTTCTCCAAC 3451 GGTGGTGCTT CCTTTATCGC TGGTAAAGGC GTGAAATCTG ACGTTCCGCA 3501 GGGTGCTGCT ATCCTGGGCG CGATCTCTGG TGCGCATCAC GTTCACCAGA 3551 TGGCTGAACA TTATGGTGTT CCGGTTATCC TGCACACTGA CCACTGCGCG 3601 AAGAAACTGC TGCCGTGGAT CGACGGTCTG TTGGACGCGG GTGAAAAACA 3651 CTTCGCAGCT ACCGGTAAGC CGCTGTTCTC TTCTCACATG ATCGACCTGT 3701 CTGAAGAATC TCTGCAAGAG AACATCGAAA TCTGCTCTAA ATACCTGGAG 3751 CGCATGTCCA AAATCGGCAT GACTCTGGAA ATCGAACTGG GTTGCACCGG 3801 TGGTGAAGAA GACGGCGTGG ACAACAGCCA CATGGACGCT TCTGCACTGT 3851 ACACCCAGCC GGAAGACGTT GATTACGCAT ACACCGAACT GAGCAAAATC 3901 AGCCCGCGTT TCACCATCGC AGCGTCCTTC GGTAACGTAC ACGGTGTTTA 3951 CAAGCCGGGT AACGTGGTTC TGACTCCGAC CATCCTGCGT GATTCTCAGG 4001 AATATGTTTC CAAGAAACAC AACCTGCCGC ACAACAGCCT GAACTTCGTA 4051 TTCCACGGTG GTTCCGGTTC TACTGCTCAG GAAATCAAAG ACTCCGTAAG 4101 CTACGGCGTA GTAAAAATGA ACATCGATAC CGATACCCAA TGGGCAACCT 4151 GGGAAGGCGT TCTGAACTAC TACAAAGCGA ACGAAGCTTA TCTGCAGGGT 4201 CAGCTGGGTA ACCCGAAAGG CGAAGATCAG CCGAACAAGA AATACTACGA 4251 TCCGCGCGTA TGGCTGCGTG CCGGTCAGAC TTCGATGATC GCTCGTCTGG 4301 AGAAAGCATT CCAGGAACTG AACGCGATCG ACGTTCTGTA AGAGCTCGGT 4351 ACCGGATCCA ATTCCCGATC GTTCAAACAT TTGGCAATAA AGTTTCTTAA 4401 GATTGAATCC TGTTGCCGGT CTTGCGATGA TTATCATATA ATTTCTGTTG 4451 AATTACGTTA AGCATGTAAT AATTAACATG TAATGCATGA CGTTATTTAT 4501 GAGATGGGTT TTTATGATTA GAGTCCCGCA ATTATACATT TAATACGCGA 4551 TAGAAAACAA AATATAGCGC GCAAACTAGG ATAAATTATC GCGCGCGGTG 4601 TCATCTATGT TACTAGATCG GGGATCGATC CCCGGGCGGC CGCCACTCGA 4651 GTGGTGGCCG CATCGATCGT GAAGTTTCTC ATCTAAGCCC CCATTTGGAC 4701 GTGAATGTAG ACACGTCGAA ATAAAGATTT CCGAATTAGA ATAATTTGTT 4751 TATTGCTTTC GCCTATAAAT ACGACGGATC GTAATTTGTC GTTTTATCAA 4801 AATGTACTTT CATTTTATAA TAACGCTGCG GACATCTACA TTTTTGAATT 4851 GAAAAAAAAT TGGTAATTAC TCTTTCTTTT TCTCCATATT GACCATCATA 4901 CTCATTGCTG ATCCATGTAG ATTTCCCGGA CATGAAGCCA TTTACAATTG 4951 AATATATCCT GCCGCCGCTG CCGCTTTGCA CCCGGTGGAG CTTGCATGTT 5001 GGTTTCTACG CAGAACTGAG CCGGTTAGGC AGATAATTTC CATTGAGAAC 5051 TGAGCCATGT GCACCTTCCC CCCAACACGG TGAGCGACGG GGCAACGGAG 5101 TGATCCACAT GGGACTTTTc CTAGCTTGGC TGCCATTTTT GGGGTGAGGC 5151 CGTTCGCGCG GGGCGCCAGC TGGGGGGATG GGAGGCCCGC GTTACCGGGA 5201 GGGTTCGAGA AGGGGGGGCAENTOT GCGTGCGCGG TCACGCGCCA 5251 GGGCGCAGCC CTGGTTAAAA ACAAGGTTTA TAAATATTGG TTTAAAAGCA 5301 GGTTAAAAGA CAGGTTAGCG GTGGCCGAAA AACGGGCGGA AACCCTTGCA 5351 AATGCTGGAT TTTCTGCCTG TGGACAGCCC CTCAAATGTC AATAGGTGCG 5401 CCCCTCATCT GTCATCACTC TGCCCCTCAA GTGTCAAGGA TCGCGCCCCT 5451 CATCTGTCAG TAGTCGCGCC CCTCAAGTGT CAATACCGCA GGGCACTTAT 5501 CCCCAGGCTT GTCCACATCA TCTGTGGGAA ACTCGCGTAA AATCAGGCGT 5551 TTTCGCCGAT TTGCGAGGCT GGCCAGCTCC ACGTCGCCGG CCGAAATCGA 5601 GCCTGCCCCT CATCTGTCAA CGCCGCGCCG GGTGAGTCGG CCCCTCAAGT 5651 GTCAACGTCC GCCCCTCATC TGTCAGTGAG GGCCAAGTTT TCCGCGTGGT 5701 ATCCACAACG CCGGCGGCCG GCCGCGGTGT CTCGCACACG GCTTCGACGG 5751 CGTTTCTGGC GCGTTTGCAG GGCCATAGAC GGCCGCCAGC CCAGCGGCGA 5801 GGGCAACCAG CCCGGTGAGC GTCGGAAAGG GTCGATCGAC CGATGCCCTT 5851 GAGAGCCTTC AACCCAGTCA GCTCCTTCCG GTGGGCGCGG GGCATGACTA 5901 TCGTCGCCGC ACTTATGACT GTCTTCTTTA TCATGCAACT CGTAGGACAG 5951 GTGCCGGCAG CGCTCTGGGT CATTTTCGGC GAGGACCGCT TTCGCTGGAG 6001 CGCGACGATG ATCGGCCTGT CGCTTGCGGT ATTCGGAATC TTGCACGCCC 6051 TCGCTCAAGC CTTCGTCACT GGTCCCGCCA CCAAACGTTT CGGCGAGAAG 6101 CAGGCCATTA TCGCCGGCAT GGCGGCCGAC GCGCTGGGCT ACGTCTTGCT 6151 GGCGTTCGCG ACGCGAGGCT GGATGGCCTT CCCCATTATG ATTCTTCTCG 6201 CTTCCGGCGG CATCGGGATG CCCGCGTTGC AGGCCATGCT GTCCAGGCAG 6251 GTAGATGACG ACCATCAGGG ACAGCTTCAA GGATCGCTCG CGGCTCTTAC 6301 CAGCCTAACT TCGATCACTG GACCGCTGAT CGTCACGGCG ATTTATGCCG 6351 CCTCGGCGAG CACATGGAAC GGGTTGGCAT GGATTGTAGG CGCCGCCCTA 6401 TACCTTGTCT GCCTCCCCGC GTTGCGTCGC GGTGCATGGA GCCGGGCCAC 6451 CTCGACCTGA ATGGAAGCCG GCGGCACCTC GCTAACGGAT TCACCACTCC 6501 AAGAATTGGA GCCAATCAAT TCTTGCGGAG AACTGTGAAT GCGCAAACCA 6551 ACCCTTGGCA GAACATATCC ATCGCGTCCG CCATCTCCAG CAGCCGCACG 6601 CGGCGCATCT CGGGCAGCGT TGGGTCCTGG CCACGGGTGC GCATGATCGT 6651 GCTCCTGTCG TTGAGGACCC GGCTAGGCTG GCGGGGTTGC CTTACTGGTT 6701 AGCAGAATGA ATCACCGATA CGCGAGCGAA CGTGAAGCGA CTGCTGCTGC 6751 AAAACGTCTG CGACCTGAGC AACAACATGA ATGGTCTTCG GTTTCCGTGT 6801 TTCGTAAAGT CTGGAAACGC GGAAGTCAGC GCCCTGCACC ATTATGTTCC 6851 GGATCTGCAT CGCAGGATGC TGCTGGCTAC CCTGTGGAAC ACCTACATCT 6901 GTATTAACGA AGCGCTGGCA TTGACCCTGA GTGATTTTTC TCTGGTCCCG 6951 CCGCATCCAT ACCGCCAGTT GTTTACCCTC ACAACGTTCC AGTAACCGGG 7001 CATGTTCATC ATCAGTAACC CGTATCGTGA GCATCCTCTC TCGTTTCATC 7051 GGTATCATTA CCCCCATGAA CAGAAATTCC CCCTTACACG GAGGCATCAA 7101 GTGACCAAAC AGGAAAAAAC CGCCCTTAAC ATGGCCCGCT TTATCAGAAG 7151 CCAGACATTA ACGCTTCTGG AGAAACTCAA CGAGCTGGAC GCGGATGAAC 7201 AGGCAGACAT CTGTGAATCG CTTCACGACC ACGCTGATGA GCTTTACCGC 7251 AGCTGCCTCG CGCGTTTCGG TGATGACGGT GAAAACCTCT GACACATGCA 7301 GCTCCCGGAG ACGGTCACAG CTTGTCTGTA AGCGGATGCC GGGAGCAGAC 7351 AAGCCCGTCA GGGCGCGTCA GCGGGTGTTG GCGGGTGTCG GGGCGCAGCC 7401 ATGACCCAGT CACGTAGCGA TAGCGGAGTG TATACTGGCT TAACTATGCG 7451 GCATCAGAGC AGATTGTACT GAGAGTGCAC CATATGCGGT GTGAAATACC 7501 GCACAGATGC GTAAGGAGAA AATACCGCAT CAGGCGCTCT TCCGCTTCCT 7551 CGCTCACTGA CTCGCTGCGC TCGGTCGTTC GGCTGCGGCG AGCGGTATCA 7601 GCTCACTCAA AGGCGGTAAT ACGGTTATCC ACAGAATCAG GGGATAACGC 7651 AGGAAAGAAC ATGTGAGCAA AAGGCCAGCA AAAGGCCAGG AACCGTAAAA 7701 AGGCCGCGTT GCTGGCGTTT TTCCATAGGC TCCGCCCCCC TGACGAGCAT 7751 CACAAAAATC GACGCTCAAG TCAGAGGTGG CGAAACCCGA CAGGACTATA 7801 AAGATACCAG GCGTTTCCCC CTGGAAGCTC CCTCGTGCGC TCTCCTGTTC 7851 CGACCCTGCC GCTTACCGGA TACCTGTCCG CCTTTCTCCC TTCGGGAAGC 7901 GTGGCGCTTT CTCATAGCTC ACGCTGTAGG TATCTCAGTT CGGTGTAGGT 7951 CGTTCGCTCC AAGCTGGGCT GTGTGCACGA ACCCCCCGTT CAGCCCGACC 8001 GCTGCGCCTT ATCCGGTAAC TATCGTCTTG AGTCCAACCC GGTAAGACAC 8051 GACTTATCGC CACTGGCAGC AGCCACTGGT AACAGGATTA GCAGAGCGAG 8101 GTATGTAGGC GGTGCTACAG AGTTCTTGAA GTGGTGGCCT AACTACGGCT 8151 ACACTAGAAG GACAGTATTT GGTATCTGCG CTCTGCTGAA GCCAGTTACC 8201 TTCGGAAAAA GAGTTGGTAG CTCTTGATCC GGCAAACAAA CCACCGCTGG 8251 TAGCGGTGGT TTTTTTGTTT GCAAGCAGCA GATTACGCGC AGAAAAAAAG 8301 GATCTCAAGA AGATCCTTTG ATCTTTTCTA CGGGGTCTGA CGCTCAGTGG 8351 AACGAAAACT CACGTTAAGG GATTTTGGTC ATGAGATTAT CAAAAAGGAT 8401 CTTCACCTAG ATCCTTTTAA ATTAAAAATG AAGTTTTAAA TCAATCTAAA 8451 GTATATATGA GTAAACTTGG TCTGACAGTT ACCAATGCTT AATCAGTGAG 8501 GCACCTATCT CAGCGATCTG TCTATTTCGT TCATCCATAG TTGCCTGACT 8551 CCCCGTCGTG TAGATAACTA CGATACGGGA GGGCTTACCA TCTGGCCCCA 8601 GTGCTGCAAT GATACCGCGA GACCCACGCT CACCGGCTCC AGATTTATCA 8651 GCAATAAACC AGCCAGCCGG AAGGGCCGAG CGCAGAAGTG GTCCTGCAAC 8701 TTTATCCGCC TCCATCCAGT CTATTAATTG TTGCCGGGAA GCTAGAGTAA 8751 GTAGTTCGCC AGTTAATAGT TTGCGCAACG TTGTTGCCAT TGCTGCAGGT 8801 CGGGAGCACA GGATGACGCC TAACAATTCA TTCAAGCCGA CACCGCTTCG 8851 CGGCGCGGCT TAATTCAGGA GTTAAACATC ATGAGGGAAG CGGTGATCGC 8901 CGAAGTATCG ACTCAACTAT CAGAGGTAGT TGGCGTCATC GAGCGCCATC 8951 TCGAACCGAC GTTGCTGGCC GTACATTTGT ACGGCTCCGC AGTGGATGGC 9001 GGCCTGAAGC CACACAGTGA TATTGATTTG CTGGTTACGG TGACCGTAAG 9051 GCTTGATGAA ACAACGCGGC GAGCTTTGAT CAACGACCTT TTGGAAACTT 9101 CGGCTTCCCC TGGAGAGAGC GAGATTCTCC GCGCTGTAGA AGTCACCATT 9151 GTTGTGCACG ACGACATCAT TCCGTGGCGT TATCCAGCTA AGCGCGAACT 9201 'GCAATTTGGA GAATGGCAGC GCAATGACAT TCTTGCAGGT ATCTTCGAGC 9251 CAGCCACGAT CGACATTGAT CTGGCTATCT TGCTGACAAA AGCAAGAGAA 9301 CATAGCGTTG CCTTGGTAGG TCCAGCGGCG GAGGAACTCT TTGATCCGGT 9351 TCCTGAACAG GATCTATTTG AGGCGCTAAA TGAAACCTTA ACGCTATGGA 9401 ACTCGCCGCC CGACTGGGCT GGCGATGAGC GAAATGTAGT GCTTACGTTG 9451 TCCCGCATTT GGTACAGCGC AGTAACCGGC AAAATCGCGC CGAAGGATGT 9501 CGCTGCCGAC TGGGCAATGG AGCGCCTGCC GGCCCAGTAT CAGCCCGTCA 9551 < TACTTGAAGC TAGGCAGGCT TATCTTGGAC AAGAAGATCG CTTGGCCTCG 9601 CGCGCAGATC AGTTGGAAGA ATTTGTTCAC TACGTGAAAG GCGAGATCAC 9651 CAAGGTAGTC GGCAAATAAT GTCTAACAAT TCGTTCAAGC CGACGCCGCT 9701 TCGCGGCGCG GCTTAACTCA AGCGTTAGAT GCTGCAGGCA TCGTGGTGTC 9751 ACGCTCGTCG TTTGGTATGG CTTCATTCAG CTCCGGTTCC CAACGATCAA 9801 GGCGAGTTAC ATGATCCCCC ATGTTGTGCA AAAAAGCGGT TAGCTCCTTC 9851 GGTCCTCCGA TCGAGGATTT TTCGGCGCTG CGCTACGTCC GCKACCGCGT 9901 TGAGGGATCA AGCCACAGCA GCCCACTCGA CCTCTAGCCG ACCCAGACGA 9951 GCCAAGGGAT CTTTTTGGAA TGCTGCTCCG TCGTCAGGCT TTCCGACGTT 10001 TGGGTGGTTG AACAGAAGTC ATTATCGTAC GGAATGCCAA GCACTCCCGA 10051 GGGGAACCCT GTGGTTGGCA TGCACATACA AATGGACGAA CGGATAAACC 10101 TTTTCACGCC CTTTTAAATA TCCGTTATTC TAATAAACGC TCTTTTCTCT 10151 TAGGTTTACC CGCCAATATA TCCTGTCAAA CACTGATAGT TTAAACTGAA 10201 GGCGGGAAAC GACAATCTGA TCCCCATCAA GCTTGAGCTC AGGATTTAGC 10251 AGCATTCCAG ATTGGGTTCA ATCAACAAGG TACGAGCCAT ATCACTTTAT 10301 TCAAATTGGT ATCGCCAAAA CCAAGAAGGA ACTCCCATCC TCAAAGGTTT 10351 GTAAGGAAGA ATTCTCAGTC CAAAGCCTCA ACAAGGTCAG GGTACAGAGT 10401 CTCCAAACCA TTAGCCAAAA GCTACAGGAG ATCAATGAAG AATCTTCAAT 10451 CAAAGTAAAC TACTGTTCCA GCACATGCAT CATGGTCAGT .AAGTTTCAGA 10501 AAAAGACATC CACCGAAGAC TTAAAGTTAG TGGGCATCTT TGAAAGTAAT 10551 CTTGTCAACA TCGAGCAGCT GGCTTGTGGG GACCAGACAA AAAAGGAATG 10601 GTGCAGAATT GTTAGGCGCA CCTACCAAAA GCATCTTTGC CTTTATTGCA 10651 AAGATAAAGC AGATTCCTCT AGTACAAGTG GGGAACAAAA TAACGTGGAA 10701 AAGAGCTGTC CTGACAGCCC ACTCACTAAT GCGTATGACG AACGCAGTGA 10751 CGACCACAAA AGAATTCCCT CTATATAAGA AGGCATTCAT TCCCATTTGA 10801 AGGATCATCA GATACTGAAC CAATCCTTCT AGAAGATCTA AGCTTAT (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 6: (i) CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SEQUENCE: (A) LENGTH: 10901 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) TYPE OF CHAIN: double (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (xi) DESCRIPTION OF THE SEQUENCE: SEQ ID NO: 6: 1 CGATAAGCTT GATGTAATTG GAGGAAGATC AAAATTTTCA ATCCCCATTC 51 TTCGATTGCT TCAATTGAAG TTTCTCCGAT GGCGCAAGTT AGCAGAATCT 101 GCAATGGTGT GCAGAACCCA TCTCTTATCT CCAATCTCTC GAAATCCAGT 151 CAACGCAAAT CTCCCTTATC GGTTTCTCTG AAGACGCAGC AGCATCCACG 201 AGCTTATCCG ATTTCGTCGT CGTGGGGATT GAAGAAGAGT GGGATGACGT 251 TAATTGGCTC TGAGCTTCGT CCTCTTAAGG TCATGTCTTC TGTTTCCACG 301 GCGTGCATGC TTCACGGTGC AAGCAGCCGT CCAGCAACTG CTCGTAAGTC 351 CTCTGGTCTT TCTGGAACCG TCCGTATTCC AGGTGACAAG TCTATCTCCC 401 ACAGGTCCTT CATGTTTGGA GGTCTCGCTA GCGGTGAAAC TCGTATCACC 451 GGTCTTTTGG AAGGTGAAGA TGTTATCAAC ACTGGTAAGG CTATGCAAGC 501 TATGGGTGCC AGAATCCGTA AGGAAGGTGA TACTTGGATC ATTGATGGTG 551 TTGGTAACGG TGGACTCCTT GCTCCTGAGG CTCCTCTCGA TTTCGGTAAC 601 GCTGCAACTG GTTGCCGTTT GACTATGGGT CTTGTTGGTG TTTACGATTT 651 CGATAGCACT TTCATTGGTG ACGCTTCTCT CACTAAGCGT CCAATGGGTC 701 GTGTGTTGAA CCCACTTCGC GAAATGGGTG TGCAGGTGAA GTCTGAAGAC 751 GGTGATCGTC TTCCAGTTAC CTTGCGTGGA CCAAAGACTC CAACGCCAAT 801 CACCTACAGG GTACCTATGG CTTCCGCTCA AGTGAAGTCC GCTGTTCTGC 851 TTGCTGGTCT CAACACCCCA GGTATCACCA CTGTTATCGA GCCAATCATG 901 ACTCGTGACC ACACTGAAAA GATGCTTCAA GGTTTTGGTG CTAACCTTAC 951 CGTTGAGACT GATGCTGACG GTGTGCGTAC CATCCGTCTT GAAGGTCGTG 1001 GTAAGCTCAC CGGTCAAGTG ATTGATGTTC CAGGTGATCC ATCCTCTACT 1051 GCTTTCCCAT TGGTTGCTGC CTTGCTTGTT CCAGGTTCCG ACGTCACCAT 1101 CCTTAACGTT TTGATGAACC CAACCCGTAC TGGTCTCATC TTGACTCTGC 1151 AGGAAATGGG TGCCGACATC GAAGTGATCA ACCCACGTCT TGCTGGTGGA 1201 GAAGACGTGG CTGACTTGCG TGTTCGTTCT TCTACTTTGA AGGGTGTTAC 1251 TGTTCCAGAA GACCGTGCTC CTTCTATGAT CGACGAGTAT CCAATTCTCG 1301 CTGTTGCAGC TGCATTCGCT GAAGGTGCTA CCGTTATGAA CGGTTTGGAA 1351 GAACTCCGTG TTAAGGAAAG CGACCGTCTT TCTGCTGTCG CAAACGGTCT 1401 CAAGCTCAAC GGTGTTGATT GCGATGAAGG TGAGACTTCT CTCGTCGTGC 1451 GTGGTCGTCC TGACGGTAAG GGTCTCGGTA ACGCTTCTGG AGCAGCTGTC 1501 GCTACCCACC TCGATCACCG TATCGCTATG AGCTTCCTCG TTATGGGTCT 1551 CGTTTCTGAA AACCCTGTTA CTGTTGATGA TGCTACTATG ATCGCTACTA 1601 GCTTCCCAGA GTTCATGGAT TTGATGGCTG GTCTTGGAGC TAAGATCGAA 1651 CTCTCCGACA CTAAGGCTGC TTGATGAGCT CAAGAATTCG AGCTCGGTAC 1701 CGGATCCAGC TTTCGTTCGT ATCATCGGTT TCGACAACGT TCGTCAAGTT 1751 CAATGCATCA GTTTCATTGC GCACACACCA GAATCCTACT GAGTTCGAGT 1801 ATTATGGCAT TGGGAAAACT GTTTTTCTTG TACCATTTGT TGTGCTTGTA 1851 ATTTACTGTG TTTTTTTATTC GGTTTTCGCT ATCGAACTGT GAAATGGAAA 1901 TGGATGGAGA AGAGTTAATG AATGATATGG TCCTTTTGTT CATTCTCAAA 1951 TTAATATTAT TTGTTTTTTC TCTTATTTGT TGTGTGTTGA ATTTGAAATT 2001 ATAAGAGATA TGCAAACATT TTGTTTTGAG TAAAAATGTG TCAAATCGTG 2051 GCCTCTAATG ACCGAAGTTA ATATGAGGAG TAAAACACTT GTAGTTGTAC 2101 CATTATGCTT ATTCACTAGG CAACAAATAT ATTTTCAGAC CTAGAAAAGC 2151 TGCAAATGTT ACTGAATACA AGTATGTCCT CTTGTGTTTT AGACATTTAT 2201 GAACTTTCCT TTATGTAATT TTCCAGAATC CTTGTCAGAT TCTAATCATT 2251 GCTTTATAAT TATAGTTATA CTCATGGATT TGTAGTTGAG TATGAAAATA 2301 TTTTTTTAATG CATTTTATGA CTTGCCAATT GATTGACAAC ATGCATCAAT 2351 CGACCTGCAG CCACTCGAAG CGGCCGCGTT CAAGCTTGAG CTCAGGATTT 2401 AGCAGCATTC CAGATTGGGT TCAATCAACA AGGTACGAGC CATATCACTT 2451 TATTCAAATT GGTATCGCCA AAACCAAGAA GGAACTCCCA TCCTCAAAGG 2501 TTTGTAAGGA AGAATTCTCA GTCCAAAGCC TCAACAAGGT CAGGGTACAG 2551 AGTCTCCAAA CCATTAGCCA AAAGCTACAG GAGATCAATG AAGAATCTTC 2601 AATCAAAGTA AACTACTGTT CCAGCACATG CATCATGGTC AGTAAGTTTC 2651 AGAAAAAGAC ATCCACCGAA GACTTAAAGT TAGTGGGCAT CTTTGAAAGT 2701 AATCTTGTCA ACATCGAGCA GCTGGCTTGT GGGGACCAGA CAAAAAAGGA 2751 ATGGTGCAGA ATTGTTAGGC GCACCTACCA AAAGCATCTT TGCCTTTATT 2801 GCAAAGATAA AGCAGATTCC TCTAGTACAA GTGGGGAACA AAATAACGTG 2851 GAAAAGAGCT GTCCTGACAG CCCACTCACT AATGCGTATG ACGAACGCAG 2901 TGACGACCAC AAAAGAATTC CCTCTATATA AGAAGGCATT CATTCCCATT 2951 TGAAGGATCA TCAGATACTG AACCAATCCT TCTAGAAGAT CTAAGCTTAT 3001 CGATAAGCTT GATGTAATTG GAGGAAGATC AAAATTTTCA ATCCCCATTC 3051 TTCGATTGCT TCAATTGAAG TTTCTCCGAT GGCGCAAGTT AGCAGAATCT 3101 GCAATGGTGT GCAGAACCCA TCTCTTATCT CCAATCTCTC GAAATCCAGT CAACGCAAAT 3151- 3201 CTCCCTTATC GGTTTCTCTG AAGACGCAGC AGCATCCACG AGCTTATCCG ATTTCGTCGT CGTGGGGATT GAAGAAGAGT GGGATGACGT 3251 TAATTGGCTC TGAGCTTCGT CCTCTTAAGG TCATGTCTTC TGTTTCCACG 3301 GCGTGCATGC AGGCcatggC TAAGATTTTT GATTTCGTAA AACCTGGCGT 3351 AATCACTGGT GATGACGTAC AGAAAGTTTT CCAGGTAGCA AAAGAAAACA 3401 ACTTCGCACT GCCAGCAGTA AACTGCGTCG GTACTGACTC CATCAACGCC 3451 GTACTGGAAA CCGCTGCTAA AGTTAAAGCG CCGGTTATCG TTCAGTTCTC 3501 CAACGGTGGT GCTTCCTTTA TCGCTGGTAA AGGCGTGAAA TCTGACGTTC 3551 CGCAGGGTGC TGCTATCCTG GGCGCGATCT CTGGTGCGCA TCACGTTCAC 3601 CAGATGGCTG AACATTATGG TGTTCCGGTT ATCCTGCACA CTGACCACTG 3651 CGCGAAGAAA CTGCTGCCGT GGATCGACGG TCTGTTGGAC GCGGGTGAAA 3701 AACACTTCGC AGCTACCGGT AAGCCGCTGT TCTCTTCTCA CATGATCGAC 3751 CTGTCTGAAG AATCTCTGCA AGAGAACATC GAAATCTGCT CTAAATACCT 3801 GGAGCGCATG TCCAAAATCG GCATGACTCT GGAAATCGAA CTGGGTTGCA 3851 CCGGTGGTGA AGAAGACGGC GTGGACAACA GCCACATGGA CGCTTCTGCA 3901 CTGTACACCC AGCCGGAAGA CGTTGATTAC GCATACACCG AACTGAGCAA 3951 AATCAGCCCG CGTTTCACCA TCGCAGCGTC CTTCGGTAAC GTACACGGTG 4001 TTTACAAGCC GGGTAACGTG GTTCTGACTC CGACCATCCT GCGTGATTCT 4051 CAGGAATATG TTTCCAAGAA ACACAACCTG CCGCACAACA GCCTGAACTT 4101 CGTATTCCAC GGTGGTTCCG GTTCTACTGC TCAGGAAATC AAAGACTCCG 4151 TAAGCTACGG CGTAGTAAAA ATGAACATCG ATACCGATAC CCAATGGGCA 4201 ACCTGGGAAG GCGTTCTGAA CTACTACAAA GCGAACGAAG CTTATCTGCA 4251 GGGTCAGCTG GGTAACCCGA AAGGCGAAGA TCAGCCGAAC AAGAAATACT 4301 ACGATCCGCG CGTATGGCTG CGTGCCGGTC AGACTTCGAT GATCGCTCGT 4351 CTGGAGAAAG CATTCCAGGA ACTGAACGCG ATCGACGTTC TGTAAGAGCT 4401 CGGTACCGGA TCCAATTccc GATCGTTCAA ACATTTGGCA ATAAAGTTTC 4451 TTAAGATTGA ATCCTGTTGC CGGTCTTGCG ATGATTATCA TATAATTTCT 4501 GTTGAATTAC GTTAAGCATG TAATAATTAA CATGTAATGC ATGACGTTAT 4551 TTATGAGATG GGTTTTTATG ATTAGAGTCC CGCAATTATA CATTTAATAC 4601 GCGATAGAAA ACAAAATATA GCGCGCAAAC TAGGATAAAT TATCGCGCGC 4651 GGTGTCATCT ATGTTACTAG ATCGGGGATC GATCCCCGGG CGGCCGCCAC 4701 TCGAGTGGTG GCCGCATCGA TCGTGAAGTT TCTCATCTAA GCCCCCATTT 4751 GGACGTGAAT GTAGACACGT CGAAATAAAG ATTTCCGAAT TAGAATAATT 4801 TGTTTATTGC TTTCGCCTAT AAATACGACG GATCGTAATT TGTCGTTTTA 4851 TCAAAATGTA CTTTCATTTT ATAATAACGC TGCGGACATC TACATTTTTG 4901 AATTGAAAAA AAATTGGTAA TTACTCTTTC TTTTTCTCCA TATTGACCAT 4951 CATACTCATT GCTGATCCAT GTAGATTTCC CGGACATGAA GCCATTTACA 5001 ATTGAATATA TCCTGCCGCC GCTGCCGCTT TGCACCCGGT GGAGCTTGCA 5051 TGTTGGTTTC TACGCAGAAC TGAGCCGGTT AGGCAGATAA TTTCCATTGA 5101 GAACTGAGCC ATGTGCACCT TCCCCCCAAC ACGGTGAGCG ACGGGGCAAC 5151 GGAGTGATCC ACATGGGACT TTTCCTAGCT TGGCTGCCAT TTTTGGGGTG 5201 AGGCCGTTCG CGCGGGGCGC CAGCTGGGGG GATGGGAGGC CCGCGTTACC 5251 GGGAGGGTTC GAGAAGGGGG GGCACCCCCC TTCGGCGTGC GCGGTCACGC 5301 GCCAGGGCGC AGCCCTGGTT AAAAACAAGG TTTATAAATA TTGGTTTAAA 5351 AGCAGGTTAA AAGACAGGTT AGCGGTGGCC GAAAAACGGG CGGAAACCCT 5401 TGCAAATGCT GGATTTTCTG CCTGTGGACA GCCCCTCAAA TGTCAATAGG 5451 TGCGCCCCTC ATCTGTCATC ACTCTGCCCC TCAAGTGTCA AGGATCGCGC 5501 CCCTCATCTG TCAGTAGTCG CGCCCCTCAA GTGTCAATAC CGCAGGGCAC 5551 TTATCCCCAG GCTTGTCCAC ATCATCTGTG GGAAACTCGC GTAAAATCAG 5601 GCGTTTTCGC CGATTTGCGA GGCTGGCCAG CTCCACGTCG CCGGCCGAAA 5651 TCGAGCCTGC CCCTCATCTG TCAACGCCGC GCCGGGTGAG TCGGCCCCTC 5701 AAGTGTCAAC GTCCGCCCCT CATCTGTCAG TGAGGGCCAA GTTTTCCGCG 5751 TGGTATCCAC AACGCCGGCG GCCGGCCGCG GTGTCTCGCA CACGGCTTCG 5801 ACGGCGTTTC TGGCGCGTTT GCAGGGCCAT AGACGGCCGC CAGCCCAGCG 5851 GCGAGGGCAA CCAGCCCGGT GAGCGTCGGA AAGGGTCGAT CGACCGATGC 5901 CCTTGAGAGC CTTCAACCCA GTCAGCTCCT TCCGGTGGGC GCGGGGCATG 5951 ACTATCGTCG CCGCACTTAT GACTGTCTTC TTTATCATGC AACTCGTAGG 6001 ACAGGTGCCG GCAGCGCTCT GGGTCATTTT CGGCGAGGAC CGCTTTCGCT 6051 GGAGCGCGAC GATGATCGGC CTGTCGCTTG CGGTATTCGG AATCTTGCAC 6101 GCCCTCGCTC AAGCCTTCGT CACTGGTCCC GCCACCAAAC GTTTCGGCGA 6151 GAAGCAGGCC ATTATCGCCG GCATGGCGGC CGACGCGCTG GGCTACGTCT 6201 TGCTGGCGTT CGCGACGCGA GGCTGGATGG CCTTCCCCAT TATGATTCTT 6251 CTCGCTTCCG GCGGCATCGG GATGCCCGCG TTGCAGGCCA TGCTGTCCAG 6301 GCAGGTAGAT GACGACCATC AGGGACAGCT TCAAGGATCG CTCGCGGCTC 6351 TTACCAGCCT AACTTCGATC ACTGGACCGC TGATCGTCAC GGCGATTTAT 6401 GCCGCCTCGG CGAGCACATG GAACGGGTTG GCATGGATTG TAGGCGCCGC 6451 CCTATACCTT GTCTGCCTCC CCGCGTTGCG TCGCGGTGCA TGGAGCCGGG 6501 CCACCTCGAC CTGAATGGAA GCCGGCGGCA CCTCGCTAAC GGATTCACCA 6551 CTCCAAGAAT TGGAGCCAAT CAATTCTTGC GGAGAACTGT GAATGCGCAA 6601 ACCAACCCTT GGCAGAACAT ATCCATCGCG TCCGCCATCT CCAGCAGCCG 6651 CACGCGGCGC ATCTCGGGCA GCGTTGGGTC CTGGCCACGG GTGCGCATGA 6701 TCGTGCTCCT GTCGTTGAGG ACCCGGCTAG GCTGGCGGGG TTGCCTTACT 6751 GGTTAGCAGA ATGAATCACC GATACGCGAG CGAACGTGAA GCGACTGCTG 6801 CTGCAAAACG TCTGCGACCT GAGCAACAAC ATGAATGGTC TTCGGTTTCC 6851 GTGTTTCGTA AAGTCTGGAA ACGCGGAAGT CAGCGCCCTG CACCATTATG 6901 TTCCGGATCT GCATCGCAGG ATGCTGCTGG CTACCCTGTG GAACACCTAC 6951 ATCTGTATTA ACGAAGCGCT GGCATTGACC CTGAGTGATT TTTCTCTGGT 7001 CCCGCCGCAT CCATACCGCC AGTTGTTTAC CCTCACAACG TTCCAGTAAC 7051 CGGGCATGTT CATCATCAGT AACCCGTATC GTGAGCATCC TCTCTCGTTT 7101 CATCGGTATC ATTACCCCCA TGAACAGAAA TTCCCCCTTA CACGGAGGCA 7151 TCAAGTGACC AAACAGGAAA AAACCGCCCT TAACATGGCC CGCTTTATCA 7201 GAAGCCAGAC ATTAACGCTT CTGGAGAAAC TCAACGAGCT GGACGCGGAT 7251 GAACAGGCAG ACATCTGTGA ATCGCTTCAC GACCACGCTG ATGAGCTTTA 7301 CCGCAGCTGC CTCGCGCGTT TCGGTGATGA CGGTGAAAAC CTCTGACACA 7351 TGCAGCTCCC GGAGACGGTC ACAGCTTGTC TGTAAGCGGA TGCCGGGAGC 7401 AGACAAGCCC GTCAGGGCGC GTCAGCGGGT GTTGGCGGGT GTCGGGGGCGC 7451 AGCCATGACC CAGTCACGTA GCGATAGCGG AGTGTATACT GGCTTAACTA 7501 TGCGGCATCA GAGCAGATTG TACTGAGAGT GCACCATATG CGGTGTGAAA 7551 TACCGCACAG ATGCGTAAGG AGAAAATACC GCATCAGGCG CTCTTCCGCT 7601 TCCTCGCTCA CTGACTCGCT GCGCTCGGTC GTTCGGCTGC GGCGAGCGGT 7651 ATCAGCTCAC TCAAAGGCGG TAATACGGTT ATCCACAGAA TCAGGGGATA 7701 ACGCAGGAAA GAACATGTGA GCAAAAGGCC AGCAAAAGGC CAGGAACCGT 7751 AAAAAGGCCG CGTTGCTGGC GTTTTTCCAT AGGCTCCGCC CCCCTGACGA 7801 GCATCACAAA AATCGACGCT CAAGTCAGAG GTGGCGAAAC CCGACAGGAC 7851 TATAAAGATA CCAGGCGTTT CCCCCTGGAA GCTCCCTCGT GCGCTCTCCT 7901 GTTCCGACCC TGCCGCTTAC CGGATACCTG TCCGCCTTTC TCCCTTCGGG 7951 AAGCGTGGCG CTTTCTCATA GCTCACGCTG TAGGTATCTC AGTTCGGTGT 8001 AGGTCGTTCG CTCCAAGCTG GGCTGTGTGC ACGAACCCCC CGTTCAGCCC 8051 GACCGCTGCG CCTTATCCGG TAACTATCGT CTTGAGTCCA ACCCGGTAAG 8101 ACACGACTTA TCGCCACTGG CAGCAGCCAC TGGTAACAGG ATTAGCAGAG 8151 CGAGGTATGT AGGCGGTGCT ACAGAGTTCT TGAAGTGGTG GCCTAACTAC 8201 GGCTACACTA GAAGGACAGT ATTTGGTATC TGCGCTCTGC TGAAGCCAGT 8251 TACCTTCGGA AAAAGAGTTG GTAGCTCTTG ATCCGGCAAA CAAACCACCG 8301 CTGGTAGCGG TGGTTTTTTT GTTTGCAAGC AGCAGATTAC GCGCAGAAAA 8351 AAAGGATCTC AAGAAGATCC TTTGATCTTT TCTACGGGGT CTGACGCTCA 8401 GTGGAACGAA AACTCACGTT AAGGGATTTT GGTCATGAGA TTATCAAAAA 8451 GGATCTTCAC CTAGATCCTT TTAAATTAAA AATGAAGTTT TAAATCAATC 8501 TAAAGTATAT ATGAGTAAAC TTGGTCTGAC AGTTACCAAT GCTTAATCAG 8551 TGAGGCACCT ATCTCAGCGA TCTGTCTATT TCGTTCATCC ATAGTTGCCT 8601 GACTCCCCGT CGTGTAGATA ACTACGATAC GGGAGGGCTT ACCATCTGGC 8651 CCCAGTGCTG CAATGATACC GCGAGACCCA CGCTCACCGG CTCCAGATTT 8701 ATCAGCAATA AACCAGCCAG CCGGAAGGGC CGAGCGCAGA AGTGGTCCTG 8751 CAACTTTATC CGCCTCCATC CAGTCTATTA ATTGTTGCCG GGAAGCTAGA 8801 GTAAGTAGTT CGCCAGTTAA TAGTTTGCGC AACGTTGTTG CCATTGCTGC 8851 AGGTCGGGAG CACAGGATGA CGCCTAACAA TTCATTCAAG CCGACACCGC 8901 TTCGCGGCGC GGCTTAATTC AGGAGTTAAA CATCATGAGG GAAGCGGTGA 8951 TCGCCGAAGT ATCGACTCAA CTATCAGAGG TAGTTGGCGT CATCGAGCGC I 9001 CATCTCGAAC CGACGTTGCT GGCCGTACAT TTGTACGGCT CCGCAGTGGA 9051 TGGCGGCCTG AAGCCACACA GTGATATTGA TTTGCTGGTT ACGGTGACCG 9101 TAAGGCTTGA TGAAACAACG CGGCGAGCTT TGATCAACGA CCTTTTGGAA 9151 ACTTCGGCTT CCCCTGGAGA GAGCGAGATT CTCCGCGCTG TAGAAGTCAC 9201 CATTGTTGTG CACGACGACA TCATTCCGTG GCGTTATCCA GCTAAGCGCG 9251 AACTGCAATT TGGAGAATGG CAGCGCAATG ACATTCTTGC AGGTATCTTC 9301 GAGCCAGCCA CGATCGACAT TGATCTGGCT ATCTTGCTGA CAAAAGCAAG 9351 AGAACATAGC GTTGCCTTGG TAGGTCCAGC GGCGGAGGAA CTCTTTGATC 9401 CGGTTCCTGA ACAGGATCTA TTTGAGGCGC TAAATGAAAC CTTAACGCTA 9451 TGGAACTCGC CGCCCGACTG GGCTGGCGAT GAGCGAAATG TAGTGCTTAC 9501 GTTGTCCCGC ATTTGGTACA GCGCAGTAAC CGGCAAAATC GCGCCGAAGG 9551 ATGTCGCTGC CGACTGGGCA ATGGAGCGCC TGCCGGCCCA GTATCAGCCC 9601 GTCATACTTG AAGCTAGGCA GGCTTATCTT GGACAAGAAG ATCGCTTGGC 9651 CTCGCGCGCA GATCAGTTGG AAGAATTTGT TCACTACGTG AAAGGCGAGA 9701 TCACCAAGGT AGTCGGCAAA TAATGTCTAA CAATTCGTTC AAGCCGACGC 9751 CGCTTCGCGG CGCGGCTTAA CTCAAGCGTT AGATGCTGCA GGCATCGTGG 9801 TGTCACGCTC GTCGTTTGGT ATGGCTTCAT TCAGCTCCGG TTCCCAACGA 9851 TCAAGGCGAG TTACATGATC CCCCATGTTG TGCAAAAAAG CGGTTAGCTC 9901 CTTCGGTCCT CCGATCGAGG ATTTTTCGGC GCTGCGCTAC GTCCGCKACC 9951 GCGTTGAGGG ATCAAGCCAC AGCAGCCCAC TCGACCTCTA GCCGACCCAG 10001 ACGAGCCAAG GGATCTTTTT GGAATGCTGC TCCGTCGTCA GGCTTTCCGA 10051 CGTTTGGGTG GTTGAACAGA AGTCATTATC GTACGGAATG CCAAGCACTC 10101 CCGAGGGGAA CCCTGTGGTT GGCATGCACA TACAAATGGA CGAACGGATA 10151 AACCTTTTCA CGCCCTTTTA AATATCCGTT ATTCTAATAA ACGCTCTTTT 10201 CTCTTAGGTT TACCCGCCAA TATATCCTGT CAAACACTGA TAGTTTAAAC 10251 TGAAGGCGGG AAACGACAAT CTGATCCCCA TCAAGCTTGA .GCTCAGGATT 10301 TAGCAGCATT CCAGATTGGG TTCAATCAAC AAGGTACGAG CCATATCACT 0351 TTATTCAAAT TGGTATCGCC AAAACCAAGA AGGAACTCCC ATCCTCAAAG 10401 GTTTGTAAGG AAGAATTCTC AGTCCAAAGC CTCAACAAGG TCAGGGTACA 10451 GAGTCTCCAA ACCATTAGCC AAAAGCTACA GGAGATCAAT GAAGAATCTT 10501 CAATCAAAGT AAACTACTGT TCCAGCACAT GCATCATGGT CAGTAAGTTT 10551 CAGAAAAAGA CATCCACCGA AGACTTAAAG TTAGTGGGCA TCTTTGAAAG 10601 TAATCTTGTC AACATCGAGC AGCTGGCTTG TGGGGACCAG ACAAAAAAGG 10651 AATGGTGCAG AATTGTTAGG CGCACCTACC AAAAGCATCT TTGCCTTTAT 10701 TGCAAAGATA AAGCAGATTC CTCTAGTACA AGTGGGGAAC AAAATAACGT 10751 GGAAAAGAGC TGTCCTGACA GCCCACTCAC TAATGCGTAT GACGAACGCA 10801 GTGACGACCA CAAAAGAATT CCCTCTATAT AAGAAGGCAT TCATTCCCAT 10851 TTGAAGGATC ATCAGATACT GAACCAATCC TTCTAGAAGA TCTAAGCTTA 10901 T

Claims (10)

NOVELTY OF THE INVENTION CLAIMS

1. - A recombinant double-stranded DNA molecule containing: a) a functional promoter in plant cells and b) a DNA sequence encoding a polypeptide having the enzymatic activity of a fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase and being operably linked the promoter in sense orientation.

2. The DNA molecule according to claim 1, further characterized in that the DNA sequence encoding a polypeptide having the enzymatic activity of a fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase is derived from a prokaryotic organism.

3. The DNA molecule according to claim 2, further characterized in that the prokaryotic organism is Escherichia coli.

4. The DNA molecule according to claim 1, further characterized in that the DNA sequence encoding a polypeptide having the enzymatic activity of a fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase has at least about 60% identity. with a prokaryotic DNA sequence encoding fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate aldolase class II.

5. The DNA molecule according to claim 1, further characterized in that the DNA sequence encoding a polypeptide having the enzymatic activity of a fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase is a sequence capable of hybridizing with the region. of coding illustrated as SEQ ID NO: 1 under conditions in which the concentrations of sodium chloride are between 0.15M and 0.9M and the temperatures are in the range of 20 ° C to 55 ° C.

6. The DNA molecule according to claim 1, further characterized in that the DNA sequence encoding a polypeptide having the enzymatic activity of a fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase has at least about 60% identity. with the coding region illustrated as SEQ ID NO: 1.

7. The DNA molecule according to claim 1, further characterized in that the DNA sequence encoding a polypeptide having the enzymatic activity of a fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase has the coding region illustrated as SEQ ID NO: 1, or encode for the same polypeptide as SEQ ID NO: 1 according to the degeneracy of the genetic code.

8. A transgenic plant cell containing in its genome a recombinant DNA molecule according to any of claims 1 to 7. 9.- A transgenic plant containing plant cells according to claim 8. 10.- The Transgenic plant according to claim 9, further characterized in that the plant exhibits a property selected from the group consisting of increased photosynthesis rates, increased yields, increased growth rates and improved solids uniformity compared to plants that do not contain the Recombinant DNA 1. The transgenic plant according to claim 9 or 10, which is a crop plant selected from the group consisting of corn, wheat, rice, tomato, potato, carrot, sweet potato, yam, artichoke, alfalfa, peanut. , barley, cotton, soy, cañola, sunflower, beet, apple, pear, orange, peach, sugar cane, strawberry, raspberry, banana, grape, plantain, tobacco, lettuce, cassava, cruciferous vegetables, forest species and horticulture species . 12. The transgenic plant according to claim 1, further characterized in that the plant is a potato. 13. A food product derived from the potato according to claim 12. 14. The food product according to claim 13, which is a French-style potato or a fried potato. 15. Propagation material derived from the transgenic plant according to any of claims 9 to 12. 16.- A method for increasing the rate of photosynthesis in plants, which comprises transforming plant cells with a DNA molecule in accordance with any of claims 1 to 7, and regenerate the transformed cells to produce a transgenic plant. 17. A method for increasing the yield in plants, which comprises transforming plant cells with a DNA molecule according to any of claims 1 to 7, and regenerating the transformed cells to produce a transgenic plant. 18. A method for increasing the growth rate in plants, which comprises transforming plant cells with a DNA molecule according to any of claims 1 to 7, and regenerating the transformed cells to produce a transgenic plant. 1

9. A process for improving the uniformity of solids in plants, which comprises transforming plant cells with a DNA molecule according to any of claims 1 to 7, and regenerating the transformed cells to produce a transgenic plant. 20.- In a method for processing potatoes into French fries or French fries, the improvement involves producing French fries or French fries from a potato that overexpresses the transgene to provide a more solid ratio. high from the marrow to the bark in the potato.