MXPA99009720A - Selective polarization matching filter for triggering and maximizing rapid dieletrokinesis response - Google Patents

Abstract

A composition of matter utilizes an exact dielectric replicate matching reference material to make a detection device component that triggers and maximizes a dielectrokinesis (phoresis) phenoma (force, torque, energy replenishment), which can be used to detect the presence of specific entities of a predetermined type that contain as a major component the matching dielectric material. Different designs and materials of construction for the detection device component enable the detection of a variety of specific entities including human beings, animals, plastics, metals, water, etc. Detectors using the component can detect the present of a specific entity irrespective of the presence or absence of any type of intervening, visual obstructing material structures or barriers, lighting conditions, weather conditions or electromagnetic interference (EMI).

Description

SELECTIVE POLARIZATION ADAPTATION FILTER TO SHOOT AND MAXIMIZE THE REQUIRED RESPONSE OF THE DIELECTROCINESIS FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to the fields of dielectrokinesis (foresis), the dynamics of dielectric relaxation, of electronic devices and systems and, more particularly, to a selective polarization adaptation filter for triggering and maximizing the response of dielectrokinesis in the detection of specific entities consisting of organic and inorganic materials, through the detection of a force or density of energy supply of stored electrical energy. The detection of the presence or absence of specific entities - human beings, plastics (mixtures of various polymers and additives) and other organic / inorganic materials - regardless of the presence of intervening structures that obstruct vision, or of EMI signals (Electromagnetic Interference) It has uses in very diverse applications such as: (a) fire fighting and rescue; (b) security at national borders; (c) transportation safety in the pre-boarding of planes, trains, and automobiles; (d) new and old construction industry; (e) application of the law; (f) military operations; (g) protection against theft in stores; (h) other security and emergency needs and operations, etc. It is known that humans, animals, and other animated species generate an external electric field and gradients thereof. For example, in human physiology, the neurons of the central and peripheral nervous system, the cells of the sensory system, the skeletal muscle system, as well as the cardiac conduction cells and the cells of the cardiac muscle system, all function by means of depolarization phenomena and repolarization that occur through their respective cell membranes, which are naturally in a state of dielectric polarization. The transmembrane ion currents and potentials, which use Na + 1, K + 1, etc., all work to establish a resting potential through cell membranes, which can be characterized as a high state of polarization. The ionic concentration (moles / cm3) in and around the cell axon without myelin establishes the resting potential. Fluids by themselves are neutral. What keeps the ions in the membrane is their attraction to each other through the membrane. Independently of this process Cl ions 1 tend to diffuse into the cell, since their concentration is higher, both the diffusion of K + 1 and Cl 1 tend to charge the inside of the cell negatively and the outside of the cell. the cell positively As the charge accumulates on the surface of the membrane, it becomes increasingly difficult for more ions to diffuse. The K + 1 ions that try to move outward are repelled by the positive charge already present. The equilibrium is reached when the tendency to diffuse due to concentration is balanced by the difference of electrical potential through the membrane. The greater the difference in concentrations, the greater the potential difference across the membrane. The resting potential can be calculated using the Nernst equation, where the potential (V) is such that: Voltage (potential) = 2.30 kT log Co ze ze where Co and Ci are the ionic concentrations inside and outside, k is the Boltzmann constant, T is the absolute temperature, e is the charge in the electron and z is the valence (number of electronic charges) in the ion. The nerve and conduction impulses, as well as the sensory, cardiac, and muscular action potentials, and the subsequent responses, are manifested through periodic, sequential impulses (waves), which first result in rapid depolarization and, shortly after , a rapid repolarization to restore the resting state, ie, the original polarization state of the membrane. The ionic currents transverse to the membrane produce a dipole charge that moves along the cell membrane. The greater the stimulus, the more impulses that occur along the membrane. The action potentials are related to the proportion of the respective ionic concentrations, inside and outside of the different types of membranes. The resultant polarization electric field distribution pattern has a high degree of spatial non-uniformity and can be characterized as a distribution pattern of latent dipole charges. A detailed discussion of the electric field generated by humans can be found in R.A. Rhodes, Human Physioloqy, Harcourt Brace Javanovich (1992) and D.C. Gianocoli, Physics Principies with Applications, Prentice Hall (1980), the teachings of which are incorporated herein by reference. Alternatively, the external electric field and the gradients thereof can be supplied by an external source, through static electrification, for use with inanimate targets such as plastics, metals, water, etc. It would be advantageous to be able to detect the external electric field and its gradients, whether generated naturally by an animated species or induced by an external source, on a specific basis for the entity. It would also be advantageous to allow this detection at great distances and through obstructions. It has been discovered that such detection is possible using the selective polarization adaptation filter, in accordance with the present invention, together with the principles of dielectrophoresis. Dielectrophoresis describes the force on the initially neutral matter and the mechanical behavior of the same, which is charged by dielectric polarization through induction by external electric fields that do not have spatial uniformity. The severity of the spatial non-uniformity of the electric field is measured by the spatial gradient (velocity of spatial change) of the electric field. A fundamental principle of operation of the effect of dielectrophoresis is that the force (or torque) in the air, generated in a point and space in time, always points (or seeks to point) in the same direction, mainly towards the maximum gradient (non-uniformity) of the local electric field, independently of the sign (+ or -) and of the variations in time (Direct Current or Alternating Current) of the electric fields (voltages) and of the dielectric properties of the surrounding medium. The magnitude of the dielectrophoresis force depends, in a characteristic way, not linearly on the dielectric polarizability of the surrounding medium, on the dielectric polarizability of the initially neutral matter and depends not linearly on the geometry of the neutral matter. This dependence is through the function of Clausius-Mossotti, well known from studies of polarizability in solid state physics. The force of dielectrophoresis depends nonlinearly on the applied local electric field, produced by the target. The strength of dielectrophoresis depends on the spatial gradient of the square (second power) of the distribution of the local electric field of the target, at a point in space and time, where a detector is located. The spatial gradient of the square of the local electric field is measured by the force of dielectrophoresis produced by the polarization charge induced on the detector. This search force with constant direction has a highly variable magnitude, both as a function of the angular position (at a fixed radial distance from the target) and as a function of the radial position (at a fixed angular position) and as a function of the "effective" average polarizability. The characteristic diagram of force detection is a unique pattern of the white space gradient, of the local electric field squared, and the detector always points (or seeks to point) towards the direction of the local maximum of the gradient pattern. All experimental results and dielectrophoresis equations are consistent with the fundamental electromagnetic laws (Maxwell equations).

There are five known modes of dielectric polarization. These include: electronic polarization, where the electronic distribution around the atomic nuclei is slightly distorted due to the imposed external electric field; the atomic polarization, where the atomic distribution within the initially neutral matter is slightly distorted due to the imposed external electric field; the errant polarization, where, in very specific polymers, etc., the distribution of electrons or protons, highly delocalised, is highly distorted through many units of molecular repetition due to the external, imposed electric field; the rotational polarization (dipolar and orientational), where the permanent dipoles (H20, NO, HF) and the pendular, adjustable polar groups (-0H, -Cl, -CN, -N02) that hang flexibly in the molecules of the material, they rotationally align to the external electric field with characteristic time constants; and interfacial polarization (space charge), where inhomogeneous dielectric interfaces accumulate charge conductors due to different small electrical conductivities. In interfacial polarization, the resulting spatial charge, accumulated to neutralize the interphase charges, distorts the external electric field with characteristic time constants. The first three modes of dielectric polarization, electronic, atomic and wandering, are molecular in scale of distance and occur "instantaneously" as soon as the external electric field is imposed and contributes to the dielectric constant of the material at very high frequencies (infrared and optical ). The last two modes of polarization, rotational and interfacial, are molecular and macroscopic in scale of distance and appear dynamically through time, with characteristic time constants, to change (usually to increase) the high frequency dielectric response constant towards the dielectric constant at zero frequency.

These material time constants, characteristics, control the dielectric and mechanical response of a material. Polarization modes and their dynamics in the contribution to the evolution over time of dielectric constants are discussed in several publications, such as H.A. Pohl, Dielectrophoresis, Cambridge University Press (1978); R. Schiller Electrons in Dielectric Media. C. Ferradini, J. Gerin (eds.), CRC Press (1991), and R. Schiller, Macroscopic Friction and Dielectric Relaxation, IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation, 24, 199 (1989), the well-known teachings of which they are incorporated herein by reference.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a selective polarization adaptation filter, formed from compositions of matter, initially using selected neutral matter to be an exact dielectric replica of an entity to be detected through dielectrokinesis (electrophoresis). The filter is an essential element to trigger and also maximize, both the mechanical torque and the modes of energy supply, using dielectrokinesis (electrophoresis) methods to detect entities. This action of. Filtration applies practically to an unlimited range of materials that are to be detected as an entity of the target of interest. The detection materials include, for example, nanostructured human keratin protein polymer, for the detection of humans, nanostructured animal keratin protein polymer, for the detection of animals, specific plastics (mixture of polymers and additives) for the detection of plastics, and similar. The dielectric replication material containing the selective polarization filter performs an adaptation of spatial dielectric property, between the entity of interest and a locating device to locate the entities. The filter allows the device to operate using the dielectrokinesis phenomena (dielectrophoresis) to specifically detect only those entities that match the characteristic dielectric response diagram of the polarization filter component. The characteristic dielectric diagram includes, both the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss frequency spectra and all the characteristic time constants that control the evolution / mechanics of polarization, in external electric fields. There are two main elements for the device to detect the location of an entity, by dielectrokinesis. The first element is an external electric field and spatial gradients thereof, and the second element is the selective dielectric polarization adaptation filter of the present invention. As mentioned above, the external electric field and the gradients thereof can be provided by the entity of interest itself, as is the case when animated species are the entities of interest to be detected. Alternatively, the external electric field and the gradients thereof can be supplied by an external source through static electrification as is the case when inanimate entities are the entities of interest to be detected. The selective polarization adaptation filter, incorporated in this invention, can be used in the selection device itself, either as a circuit component, passive or active (in which no continuous electric current flows, respectively). The selective polarization adaptation filter, incorporated in this invention, can be used with conventional electronic components (resistors, capacitors, inductors, transistors, etc.) throughout the operational design of the type of locating device used to detect the presence or absence of a specific entity of a predetermined type.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Other advantages and objects of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a selective polarization adaptation filter, of a first embodiment, in accordance with the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of a selective polarization adaptation filter, of a second embodiment, in accordance with the present invention; The figure. 3 is a schematic illustration of a selective polarization adaptation filter, of a third embodiment, in accordance with the present invention; Y Figure 4 illustrates an auxiliary accessory used in accordance with the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED MODALITIES The external electric field and the gradients thereof, of the target entity, define a specific polarization pattern for the entity. To detect the electric field and gradients thereof, of the target entity, it is necessary to impart an opposite polarization pattern on a detector element such as an antenna or similar device. The selective bias adaptation filter, in accordance with the present invention, serves as an adaptive bridge between the detector operator and the polarized, opposite detector component, to generate the opposite bias pattern. It has been discovered that specific combinations of materials provide the desired effects of the selective polarization filter. Figure 1 illustrates the filter according to a first embodiment of the invention, for electrically non-conductive materials. As shown in Figure 1, the filter 10 includes a material 12 for adapting the dielectric, replication property within a filter body 14 formed of a polymer such as polyurethane. A pair of parallel plates 16 which are placed to enclose the material of adaptation of the dielectric property, of replication, are also encapsulated in the housing 14 of the filter. The plates 16 are preferably formed of a different polymer such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS). In this arrangement, the plates 16 are joined with metallic electrical conductors 20, through capsules 18 of isocyanate glue or similar material. The dielectric property replication material 12 is selected in accordance with the characteristics of the entity to be detected. That is, the replication property matching material contains dielectric properties, time constants, and macroscopic coefficients of friction, related, identical to those of the material of the entity to be detected. Examples of suitable dielectric properties, suitable for replication, include the nanostructured human keratin protein polymer, for the detection of humans, nanostructured animal keratin protein polymer, for the detection of animals, specific plastics (mixture of polymers and additives) ) for the detection of plastics and the like. With reference to Figure 2, in a second embodiment, for electrically conductive replication materials, the structure is substantially similar to that of the first embodiment. The plates 16 'in the filter 10', however, are formed of metal such as copper, brass, aluminum or steel. The metal plates 16 'are connected to the electrical conductors 20' through the solder capsules 18 '. Examples of adequately conductive replication property matching materials include, for example, gold, silver, platinum, palladium and iron. With reference to Figure 3, in a third embodiment, for electrically non-conductive replication materials, the dielectric, replication property matching material is used as the filter housing. As shown in Figure 3, the filter 30 according to the third embodiment of the invention, includes a filter housing 32, formed of the dielectric, replication property adaptation material, and defines therein a cavity 34. Another dielectric material 36 such as air is placed in the cavity 34. In the filter housing 32, exit holes 38 of the cavity 34 are formed, and are filled with a conductive material 40, preferably metal, connected with an electronic, external circuit connector, and grounding terminals (not shown). ). It has been found that the effects of the selective polarization adaptation filter according to the invention can be intensified by the application of an auxiliary accessory 50. The auxiliary accessory 50 contains a solution of 2-propanol or a solid or liquid of 2- methyl-2-propanol contained within a plastic housing 52 as shown in Figure 4. Accessory 50 includes a conductive bar 54 in contact with the propanol or 2-methyl-2-propanol bound with a wired conductor 56 that is extends to the outside of the housing 52. In operation, the auxiliary accessory 50 functionally cooperates with the filter in accordance with the present invention to provide the intensified effects. The phenomena of dielectrokinesis (electrophoresis) can be used with the description of dielectric polarization adaptation filter, of the present invention, at least in two methodologies to allow the detection and localization of specific entities of interest. The first methodology directly uses the strength of dielectrophoresis. This is usually observed through a movement of torque "action at a distance" that acts around a well-defined point and line of rotation. An example of this application is described in the commonly owned co-pending patent application, serial number 08 / 758,248, the description of which is incorporated herein by reference. The second methodology is where a dielectric replica of the material of interest to be detected is provided, with an external electric field and spatial gradients thereof, through external static electrification. This allows a measurable electrical power supply to occur, when a second material, which dielectrically matches the replication reference material, comes into close proximity to the reference material and suffers polarization by the external electric field provided by the static electrification. . Although the invention has been described in relation to what is considered presently the most practical and preferred modalities, it will be understood that the invention is not limited to the described modalities, but on the contrary, it is intended to cover several modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Claims (26)

NOVELTY OF THE INVENTION Having described the foregoing invention, it is considered as a novelty, and therefore, the content of the following is claimed as property: CLAIMS

1. A selective polarization adaptation filter, characterized in that it comprises: a filter housing, formed of a first material; a replication property matching material that is encapsulated within the filter housing; and, a pair of substantially parallel plates encapsulated within the filter housing, on opposite sides of the replication property matching material, the plates are formed of a second material different from the first material, whereby the selective polarization adaptation filter generates an opposite polarization pattern based on the polarization pattern of an entity to be detected.

2. A selective polarization adaptation filter according to claim 1, characterized in that it also comprises a pair of grounding conductors, which are attached to the plates, respectively, and which extend to an outer point of the filter housing .

3. A selective polarization adaptation filter, according to claim 1, characterized in that the first material is a polymer, the second material is a polymer different from the first material, and the replication property matching material is a dielectric material.

4. A selective polarization adaptation filter, according to claim 3, characterized in that the first material is polyurethane.

5. A selective polarization adaptation filter according to claim 4, characterized in that the second material is acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene.

6. A selective polarization adaptation filter according to claim 5, characterized in that the replication property matching material is selected in accordance with the dielectric polarization characteristics of the entity to be detected.

7. A selective polarization adaptation filter according to claim 6, characterized in that the replication property matching material comprises a nanostructured human keratin protein polymer, a nanostructured animal keratin protein polymer, or a mixture of polymers.

8. A selective polarization adaptation filter, according to claim 3, characterized in that the second material is acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene.

9. A selective polarization adaptation filter, according to claim 3, characterized in that the replication property matching material is selected in accordance with the dielectric polarization characteristics of the entity to be detected.

10. A selective polarization adaptation filter according to claim 9, characterized in that the replication property matching material comprises a nanostructured human keratin protein polymer, a nanostructured animal keratin protein polymer, or a mixture of polymers.

11. A selective polarization adaptation filter, according to claim 1, characterized in that the first material is a polymer, the second material is metal, and the replication property matching material is a conductive material.

12. A selective polarization adaptation filter, according to claim 11, characterized in that the first material is polyurethane.

13. A selective polarization adaptation filter, according to claim 12, characterized in that the second material is a material selected from copper, brass, aluminum and steel.

14. A selective polarization adaptation filter according to claim 13, characterized in that the replication property matching material is selected in accordance with the dielectric polarization characteristics of the entity to be detected.

15. A selective polarization adaptation filter according to claim 14, characterized in that the replication property matching material is one selected from gold, silver, platinum, palladium or iron.

16. A selective polarization adaptation filter, according to claim 1, characterized in that the replication property matching material is selected in accordance with the dielectric polarization characteristics of the entity to be detected.

17. A selective polarization adaptation filter, according to claim 16, characterized in that the replication property matching material is one selected from a nanostructured human keratin protein polymer, or a nanostructured animal keratin protein polymer.

18. In addition, it comprises an auxiliary accessory comprising one of 2-propanol or 2-methyl-2-propanol which cooperates functionally with the filter.

19. A selective polarization adaptation filter, characterized in that it comprises: a housing, formed of an adaptation material of replica dielectric property, the filter housing defines therein a cavity having a pair of exit holes; a dielectric material placed in the cavity, the dielectric material is different from the adaptation material of replica dielectric property; and, a pair of conductive inserts placed in the exit holes, respectively, the conductive inserts extend to an outer point of the filter housing, whereby the selective polarization adaptation filter generates an opposite polarization pattern based on a pattern of polarization of an entity that is going to be detected.

20. A selective polarization adaptation filter, according to claim 19, characterized in that the dielectric material placed in the cavity is air.

21. In addition, it comprises an auxiliary accessory containing one of 2-propanol or 2-methyl-2-propanol, which cooperates functionally with the filter.

22. A selective polarization adaptation filter, characterized in that it comprises a composition of materials configured to generate an opposite polarization pattern, based on a polarization pattern of an entity to be detected.

23. A selective polarization adaptation filter, according to claim 22, characterized in that the composition of the materials comprises an adaptation property of replica selected in accordance with the dielectric polarization characteristics of the entity to be detected.

24. A selective polarization adaptation filter, according to claim 23, characterized in that the composition of materials further comprises at least one dielectric material.

25. A selective polarization adaptation filter, according to claim 22, characterized in that the composition of materials comprises acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) encapsulated in polyurethane.

26. A selective polarization adaptation filter, according to claim 25, characterized in that the composition of materials further comprises an adaptation material of replica dielectric property, encapsulated in the polyurethane and enclosed by the ABS material.