MXPA99008396A - Liquid filling device - Google Patents

Abstract

A liquid filling device (10) for watering batteries comprises a body having first and second water ports (18 and 44) that extend through the body and connect within it to first and second water passages (14 and 16) that are independent of one another. A trap (27) is disposed in the device at a position below the first and second water passages (14 and 16). A bell chamber (33) is disposed at an outlet of the trap (27) and includes an open end. Water passes through the device (10) via a one of the first and second passages (14 and 16), through the trap (27), through the bell chamber (33) and into the battery cell (12). The device (10) traps a volume of air therein and pressurizes the trapped air, as the electrolyte level in the cell (12) rises to a determined level, to an amount at least equal to the head pressure of the water in the device, thereby terminating further water flow into the cell (12).

Description

LIQUID FILLING DEVICE SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A liquid filling device (10) is described for providing battery water, comprising a body having first and second holes (18 and 44) for water, which extend through the body and which they connect in the same to first and second water passages (14 and 16) that are independent of each other. A trap (27) is disposed in the device in a position below the first and second water passages (14 and 16). A bell system (33) is disposed at an outlet of the trap (27) and includes an open end. The water passes through the device (10) via one of the first and second passages (14 and 16) through the trap (27), through the bell system (33) and the battery cell (12) . The device (10) traps a volume of air therein and pressurizes trapped air, as the level of the electrolyte in the cell (12) rises to a "determined level at an amount at least equal to the hydrostatic pressure. of the water in the device, whereby the additional water flow to the cell (12) is terminated.

FIELD FILLING DEVICE FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention is concerned with devices that are used to fill one or more electrolytic cells of an electrolytic battery with water and more particularly with a liquid filling device adapted to fill one or more electrolytic cells of an electrolytic battery with water without the use of moving parts and without the need to circulate the electrolyte of the battery cells.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Batteries comprising liquid electrolyte, such as lead acid batteries or the like used in intense cycles or other applications require, for optimum performance, that the liquid electrolyte contained within each electrolytic cell be maintained at a level of specific electrolyte. The level of electrolyte desired corresponds in general to the volume of electrolyte that is necessary to completely submerge the electrode plates of the battery contained within the electrolytic cell. By completely submerging the electrode plates of the battery with electrolyte, an optimal operation of the battery is promoted, since it provides a maximum degree of electrolyte contact to the electrode plate and thereby promotes a maximum degree of reaction. REF .: 31324 electrochemistry that generates electricity inside each electrolytic cell of the battery. To maintain an optimum level of battery performance and to maximize the service life of the battery, the electrolyte level of the battery should be regularly inspected and refilled if it is at a lower level than the desired level. The level of electrolyte in the electrolytic cells of a battery is not static but is dynamic due to the effects of evaporation, leaks or spills and due to degassing that occurs during over charging in the charging process. To obtain maximum results during battery charging it is desirable that the electrolyte level of the battery be inspected and adjusted during and after the charging operation, thereby ensuring a maximum degree of electrolyte-to-electrode interface during the charging process. load. An electrolytic battery commonly comprises a variety of electrolytic cells. For example, a conventional 12-volt electrolytic battery comprises 6 electrolytic two-volt cells. The different battery applications require different global battery voltages and therefore different battery configurations. Such battery applications commonly require that the battery be stored outside the energized device by battery or vehicle in a location that does not always allow easy access to each electrolytic cell, which makes the inspection of the electrolyte level and electrolyte filling difficult. and that takes a lot of time. Devices have been constructed in an attempt to treat such difficulties associated with the inspection of the electrolyte level and the electrolyte filling in such applications. To reduce or eliminate the risk of environmental danger or health concerns during the electrolyte filling operation, it is desired that only water be used or circulated to fill the electrolytic cells. Devices are known in the art that have been developed to facilitate the leveling and filling of the electrolyte including the so-called "pass-through" devices that are adapted for installation in each electrolytic cell of the battery. Such through devices commonly include an inlet port and an outlet port that are positioned within the cell to allow through passage of electrolyte from the cell when a determined electrolyte level is obtained in that cell. The through devices are installed in each electrolytic cell of the battery and are hydraulically connected together to allow the serial circulation of the electrolyte through each electrolytic cell, to fill each cell at a certain electrolyte level and finally out of the battery for collection. The electrolyte replenishment or replenishment is carried out by using such a through device when channeling water from a water source to a first device that is disposed in a first electrolytic cell, until the electrolyte level reaches a certain level. As long as the addition of water to the first full cell is continued, the water mixed with the electrolyte of the full cell is channeled through its respective device to another device that is installed in a different cell. This electrolyte transfer chain continues until the determined electrolyte level is obtained in a final battery cell and the electrolyte is channeled away from the battery and the water flow is discontinued. A disadvantage of the through device is that it requires that the electrolyte be transferred, instead of only water, through the electrolytic cells and inevitably out of the battery, where it may present an environmental or health risk. Additionally, when connected in series with a variety of other such devices, the device is unable to provide a desired concentration of electrolyte in each cell. Rather, as the mixed water and electrolyte are circulated through each cell the electrolyte concentration in each cell becomes progressively more dilute than the next cell in the series, thereby causing the concentration of electrolyte in each cell to rise. cell varied. Another device designed to facilitate electrolyte leveling and filling is a mechanical "float type" device that is configured to fit an electrolyte fill opening or hole in an electrolytic cell. The device comprises a body that engages with the filling orifice or opening. A plunger extends from the body to the cell and includes a float that is designed to float in the electrolyte. The body includes a valve mechanism that is located to the outside of the electrolytic cell and is designed to open and close the flow of water through a water inlet in the body to the cell, depending on the position of the plunger and the float . When the electrolyte level in a cell is low and the plunger and float extend down to the cell for a certain distance, the valve in the body is opened to allow the flow of water to the cell. Once a desired electrolyte level is obtained and the plunger and float are raised in the cell to a certain point, the valve is closed, to cause the flow of water to the cell to stop. The device also includes a vent passage in the body that allows air to be displaced by water entering the cell to be channeled from the cell through the body and into the atmosphere. These devices, when installed in respective cells, are hydraulically connected to a source of water in parallel in such a way that as the level of electrolyte in each particular cell is obtained, the flow of water to that cell is stopped. The embodiments of the float type device described above are designed to allow the filling of more than one electrolytic cell from a single site. In such modality, each device additionally comprises a water outlet that allows the passage of water through its body either during or after the determined electrolyte level is obtained for the particular cell within which the device is installed. The device is placed in each electrolytic cell and is connected hydraulically with tubes and the like to allow the filling of the electrolyte of each cell with water from a single point. The use of such a device allows the level of electrolyte in each cell to be replenished without circulating the electrolyte between the cells and away from the battery. Although such a device allows the circulation of water from a water source through each device without allowing the electrolyte to leave the battery, it does this by using mechanically mobile parts, for example the plunger and valve arrangement. The use of a device that has moving parts in service in an electrolytic battery cell is undesirable because of the likelihood that such a mechanism will fail or that its operation deteriorates or becomes unpredictable due to its exposure to the highly corrosive environment of the electrolytic cell, for example its exposure to sulfuric acid, vapors of sulfuric acid and the like. The vapors of sulfuric acid, nascent oxygen and hydrogen produced during the operation or charge of the battery are allowed to escape from each cell via a passage through the body of the device, thereby placing the moving parts in direct exposure to such vapors. corrosive and highly aggressive. It is known that prolonged exposure to such vapors inevitably reduces the operating life of the device due to the failure of the parts. Additionally, it is known that plastics and rubbers (or rubbers) that are used in conjunction with the device and / or seal from device to cell decompose after being exposed to such liquid and / or corrosive vapor. The products of such decomposition material enter the device and are known to interfere with the movement of the parts to cause for example that the valve sticks in an open or closed position and thereby makes the device inoperative. Additionally, it is known that the decomposition products of such plastic and rubber parts enter the electrolytic cell, to interfere with the efficiency of the electrochemical reaction that occurs therein. U.S. Patent No. 4,754,777 describes another device for replenishing the electrolyte level in the electrolytic battery cells. The device comprises a body that fits the filling opening of an electrolytic cell. The body has no moving parts but provides water flow to the cell from a water inlet via a water trap arrangement. The water trap is designed in such a way that water from the water inlet is directed through the trap to a particular supply pressure and to the electrolytic cell. The flow of water through the trap and to the cell ends when the pressure of the air trapped in the device is equal to the water supply pressure to cause the supply water to deviate from the trap and be channeled from the device, via a water outlet, to the next device of such devices connected in series in another battery cell. The pressure of the water inside the trap when the flow of water through the trap is stopped is related to the water supply pressure that is regulated by a pressure control valve installed between a water inlet of the device and a water source. Because the water interruption pressure in the trap is a function of the inlet water pressure, the electrolyte level that is provided by the device is pressure sensitive, that is, the electrolyte level in each electrolytic cell varies depending of the input water pressure that the device detects. For this reason, it is necessary that the pressure control valve be used to set the inlet water pressure to a desired constant value that provides a desired electrolyte level. British Patent No. 1,041,629 discloses another "trap type" device that is very similar to the trap type device described above in that the device makes use of a water trap to control the water supply to an electrolytic cell .. The device operates using the same operating principles as the other trap type device and is constructed to provide an electrolyte level within the cells that is sensitive to the water supply pressure. The trap devices described above are adapted to be hydraulically connected in series with identical devices that are installed in other electrolytic cells to provide leveling and filling of the battery in series. However, because the inlet pressure of the water to each device determines the level of electrolyte in each cell, the pressure losses that occur through the arrangement of serial devices can cause the electrolyte level to be progressively lower. in each cell arranged sequentially to make difficult _The electrolyte leveling in each cell. Additionally, such trap devices are constructed in such a way that once the desired cell electrolyte level is obtained and the gas that is produced inside the cell is prevented from leaving the cell, to thereby create an explosion hazard. potential Although the trap devices described above allow electrolyte leveling and filling without circulating the electrolyte between the electrolyte cells and far (or outside) the battery and without the use of moving parts, the ability of such devices to do this is dependent of the water inlet pressure, which makes such devices unsuitable for use in applications where accurate water pressure regulation is not available and / or is not practical. Additionally, the described trap devices are not capable of being operated under vacuum conditions, for example where a differential pressure is created through the device under vacuum instead of the positive pressure operating conditions. The ability to perform electrolyte leveling and replenishment by using vacuum induced differential pressure across the device is desirable because it eliminates the possibility of water leaks that occur outside the battery that can be caused by pipes of connection with leaks or the like. Accordingly it is seen that there is a need for a device having some of the following characteristics: allowing electrolyte leveling and electrolyte replenishment for electrolytic cells of an electrolytic battery from a single point, ie from a single point of connection with a water source; that is capable of filling an electrolytic cell with water at a given electrolyte level and circulating, non-electrolytic water, through the device to one or more other devices that are installed in respective cells once their own cell is filled; that has no moving parts and that can provide leveling and replenishment of the electrolyte regardless of the variations in differential pressure in the device and that can be used in conditions of positive or empty pressure operation.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION This invention addresses and meets the needs identified above. It does it in an economical, simple, efficient and reliable way. Generally speaking, this invention comprises a device that allows the replenishment of one or more electrolytic cells of an electrolytic battery with water at a determined electrolyte level without the use of moving parts, without the need for circulation of the electrolyte to the outside of the battery , in a way that is independent of the water supply pressure, by creating a pressure differential within the device either through pressure or vacuum operating conditions. An exemplary embodiment of the device comprises a body having a chamber therein and having first and second water holes extending through the body to the chamber. The first and second holes for the water can be used interchangeably as water inlet or outlet holes. The body of the device also includes first and second passages or water passages that are independent of one another extending axially in the annular chamber, which are in hydraulic connection with the respective first and second water holes and which have lower ends in the cavity below the holes. Water entering the device via one of the water holes travels axially in the device via a respective water passage. A trap is disposed within the body of the device and has an inlet bowl in a position below the lower ends of the first and second passages for water. The water that passes through one of the water passages passes to the trap. The trap includes first and second landfills disposed therein. A bell system is disposed within the body adjacent to an outlet of the trap. The water that passes through the dumps of the trap enters the bell system and is passed through it out of an open end of the bell system and into the electrolytic cell. The trap and bell system are defined to trap a volume of air therein when the surface of the electrolyte in the electrolytic cell meets the open end of the bell system. As the water continues to pass through the device and into the electrolytic cell, trapped air is pressurized by the electrolyte that rises in the bell system. The rate of water flow through the trap is reduced as the pressure of trapped air begins to approximate the head or hydrostatic pressure of the water in the device caused by the water level in the device. The trap and the bell system are designed in such a way that the flow of water through the trap to the electrolytic cell ends and the level of electrolyte determined within the cell is obtained at a point where the trapped air pressure is at less equal to head pressure or hydrostatic water in the bowl. The device may be configured to include a gas vent hole to release gas pressure from the electrolytic cell to the atmosphere or to collect it for further treatment after the water supply cycle. The device is operated by imposing a pressure differential between the water inlet and outlet passages of an amount sufficient to effect the flow of water to the device from a water source connected to the device. The pressure differential can be imposed either by pressurized or vacuum operating conditions. The device can be implemented to fit within an electrolyte filler opening or hole in an electrolytic cell, to facilitate the update application with an existing electrolytic battery or as an integral part of a new battery construction. The liquid filling devices of this invention can be hydraulically connected together for use in an electrolyte replenishment and leveling system to fill a respective number of electrolytic cells. An advantage of using such a device in such a system is that it simplifies the replenishment and leveling of multiple electrolytic cells by allowing such operation to be carried out from a single site., this is a single connection with a water source, without the need to have physical access to each cell. Broadly speaking, a structural embodiment of the invention may comprise a body defining first and second water flow orifices and a trap having a bowl located below the water orifices. The body also includes first and second water passages that are connected separately to respective holes in the bowl for water inlet and outlet to and from the bowl. The trap has a discharge weir flange between the bowl and a trap outlet located below the rim at a site at a selected distance below a desired liquid level to be set in a chamber to which the outlet can be connected . The trap has an outlet that is located vertically in relation to the flange and the lower end of one of the first and second passages.

The volumetric distribution between a lower end of such passage and the outlet of the trap are defined to cause the flow of water through the trap to stop after immersion of the exit of the trap and after the water in the bowl it rises to at least one level of the lower end of one such passage. In broad terms, the method of the invention can include the steps of creating a pressure differential between a water inlet passage and a water outlet passage of a liquid filling device and causing the water to pass through. of a water inlet passage of the device, through a trap of the device, through a bell system of the device and to an electrolytic cell. A volume of trapped air is formed within the bell system and the trap when the level of electrolyte within the cell reaches an open end of the bell system. The volume of air trapped in the device is pressurized by the continuous passage of water to the electrolytic cell until the pressure of the trapped air is at least equal to the hydrostatic pressure of the water in the device caused by the water level in the device . The passage or passage of water to the electrolytic cell is terminated to obtain a determined electrolyte level when the pressure of the trapped air is at least equal to the head or hydrostatic pressure of the water in the device. The determined electrolyte level is obtained independently of the water pressure that enters the device.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The features mentioned above and other features of this invention are summarized in the following detailed description of the presently preferred and other embodiments of the invention, which is presented with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figures 1-9 are sequential views, in elevation, in schematic cross section of a simplified exemplary water supply device illustrating the principles of this invention to successive stages in the practice of the procedural aspects of this invention, more specifically, Figure 1 illustrates the placing a water supply device within an overhead or top space of an electrolytic cell having an electrolyte level less than full and at a time before the start of an electrolyte replenishment operation; Figure 2 illustrates the start of the electrolyte replenishment operation wherein the water is introduced to the device and passed to a trap bowl of the device; Figure 3 illustrates the filling of the bowl at a water level equal to a ridge height of an outlet weir of the device; Figure 4 illustrates the passage of water from the bowl, over the outlet weir rim, through a bell of the device and to the electrolytic cell; Figure 5 illustrates the passage of water through the trap to the electrolytic cell at a time when the electrolyte level in the cell rises to a bell mouth, to form an air enclosure inside the bell; Figure 6 illustrates the passage or additional passage of water to the electrolytic cell, to cause the electrolyte level to be elevated above the mouth of the bell and increase the pressure of the trapped air inside the air enclosure; Figure 7 illustrates the continuous filling or filling of the bowl and the passage or passage of water to the electrolytic cell which causes the water in the bowl to rise to an open end of a water outlet passage of the device to flow from the device; Figure 8 illustrates the continuous filling of the bowl and the raising of the electrolyte level in the cell to a point where a given electrolyte level is obtained, the water flow to the cell is terminated and the water entering the bowl is made move from the bowl through the water outlet passage; Figure 9 illustrates the consummation of the electrolyte replenishment operation after the determined electrolyte level is obtained and after a purge process is consumed; Figure 10 is a cross-section elevation view of a first embodiment of the device constructed in accordance with the principles of this invention, adapted for attachment within an electrolyte fill opening in an electrolytic cell; Figure 11 is a sectional view of the device of Figure 10 taken along line 11-11 of Figure 10; Figure 12 is a sectional view taken along line 12-12 of Figure 10; Figure 13 is a sectional view taken along line 13-13 of Figure 10; Figure 14 is an elevation view in cross section of the device of Figure 10 rotated 90 degrees, that is, a view taken along line 14-14 of Figure 11; Fig. 15 is a sectional plan view of the device taken through section 15-15 of Fig. 14; Figure 16 is a cross-section elevation view of a device similar to that of Figure 14, comprising a retaining (or unidirectional) vent cover arrangement; Figure 17 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of the device constructed in accordance with the principles of this invention as an integral element of the battery cover and Figure 18 is a schematic view of an electrolyte leveling and replenishment system. comprising a variety of the devices shown in Figures 10-15 or Figure 16 installed in electrolytic cells of an electrolytic battery and hydraulically connected in series; Fig. 19 is a cross-sectional plan view illustrating the device shown in Figs. 10-15 as mounted in a water fill hole of a battery and Fig. 20 is a view similar to Fig. 8 illustrating the use of a water supply device for the thermal manipulation of the electrolyte of the cell inside an electrolytic battery.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Liquid filling or filling devices (LFD) of this invention operate under the principles of hydraulic pressure differentials to provide electrolyte leveling and electrolyte replenishment for one or more electrolytic cells in an electrolytic battery. Generally speaking, the LFDs of this invention are disposed within a headspace or top space of an electrolytic cell and provide the electrolyte leveling and replenishment without the electrolyte circulation of the battery, without the use of moving parts and in a manner which produces a determined electrolyte level that is independent of the pressure or vacuum operating conditions that are used to create a pressure differential in the LFDs to introduce water to the device and the adjacent cell. Figure 1 illustrates in schematic form the fundamental structural characteristics of the LFDs 10 constructed in accordance with the principles of this invention. It will be understood that the LFD illustrated in Figures 1-9 is presented in simplified form for purposes of clearly illustrating the operating principles of the LFDs constructed in accordance with the principles of this invention. The LFDs of this invention are installed within a headspace or top space of an electrolytic cell 12 of an electrolytic battery, this is above the surface of the electrolyte and below a cover of the electrolytic cell. The LFDs illustrated in Figures 1-9 are shown disposed completely within the electrolytic cell for purposes of simplicity. An LFD of this invention can be constructed to fit through an electrolyte filler opening in the cell cover of an existing electrolytic battery or it can be constructed as an integral part of the battery, for example, constructed as part of the battery cover. cell itself. The LFD comprises a water inlet passage 14 extending through the body of the LFD or battery cell cover whatever may be the case depending on whether the LFD is configured as a device adapted for an update use with the existing electrolytic cells or if the LFD is configured as an integral element of the electrolytic cell of a new battery, as will be better understood later in the present. A water outlet passage 16 extends through the body of the LFD or battery cover. The water inlet passage 14 has one leg down in the cell to an outlet end 18 which is directed to a bowl 20 of the device that is disposed above the electrode plates (not shown) of the electrolytic cell and essentially above the desired level of the electrolyte 22 in the cell. The exit passage 16 has a leg up in the cell from an inlet end 44 (see Figures 1 and 6) located at the height of the bowl 20. The bowl 20 includes a mouth 24 near an upper part of the device and a 26th floor near the bottom of the device. The bowl includes and connects to a trap that is defined by a first weir 27 that extends vertically downwardly from the mouth 24 to form a first passage 28 of the bowl between a first weir rim 30 and the floor 26 of the bowl. As will be discussed later in this, the placement of the first weir flange 30 within the bowl contributes to the hydraulic operation of the LFD to replenish electrolyte at a given level within the cell. The bowl trap includes a second weir 32 extending upwardly from the floor 26 of the bowl and positioned adjacent the first weir 27. A second passage 29 of the bowl extends into the bowl from the first weir 27 and is hydraulically connected to the bowl. a bell system 33. The second passage of the bowl is defined along its upper portion by a roof 34 and along its lower portion by a second flange 36 of the weir. As will be discussed later herein, the placement of the second flange 36 of the weir contributes to the hydraulic operation of the LFD to replenish electrolyte a. a certain level within the cell. A bell system 33 extends downwardly away from the weir rim 36 and the body of the LFD to the electrolytic cell and includes a mouth 38 at an open end opposite the body that is positioned at a desired position in the cell and at relationship with the other structure of the LFD. The remaining characteristics of the LFD of this invention are better explained and understood with reference to Figures 1-9 which illustrate the simplified mode of an LFD of this invention at different times during the leveling and replenishment of electrolyte in an electrolytic cell. Figure 1 illustrates the LFD 10 disposed within a headspace of an electrolytic cell 12 containing battery electrolyte 22 at a level less than desired. In a lead-acid battery, for example, the low level of electrolyte may be the consequence of the loss of water from the acid electrolyte. In Figure 2, the water 40 from an appropriate water source is introduced to the water inlet passage 14 and is directed through it to the LFD bowl 20. The water is introduced to the LFD by a pressure differential that is created between the water inlet and outlet passages 14 and 16. The pressure differential can be imposed either by positive pressure operating conditions (eg water pumping to through passage 14 at a desired desirable pressure) or vacuum operating conditions (e.g. connecting passage 16 to a vacuum source) without affecting the leveling and filling performance of the LFD. The water that initially enters the bowl is contained therein due to the placement of the second weir 32 within the bowl, which prevents the water from completely emptying to the bell system 33. In FIG. 3, the flow of water from the bowl is continued. the water source through the water inlet passage 14 and into the bowl 20 which causes the water level inside the bowl to rise to a level equal to the edge of the second rim 36 of the weir. As long as the level of the water in the bowl is below the edge of the second rim 36 of the weir, the water in the bowl will not pass to the electrolytic cell via the bell system. In Fig. 4 the flow of water from the water source through the water inlet passage 14 and into the bowl is continued, which causes the level of water in the bowl to rise to a level greater than the second rim. of landfill. As soon as the water level in the bowl exceeds the height of the second rim 36 of the weir, the water is allowed to pass through the second passage 29 of the bowl, to the bell system 33, through the mouth 38 of the system. bell and the electrolytic cell 12. The water that leaves the bell system and enters the electrolytic cell mixes with the electrolyte 22 in the cell and causes the level of electrolyte in the cell to rise. In Figure 5 the flow of water from the water source through the water inlet passage 14, through the bowl 20, through the bell system 33 and the electrolytic cell is continued, which causes the level of the electrolyte inside the cell rises at the same level as the mouth 38 of the bell system 33. Once the electrolyte level in the cell rises to the mouth 38 of the bell system, the air 42 leaving the bell system 33 and the second passage 29 of the bowl is trapped therein by the water surface within the second passage 29 of the bowl at the other end and by the surface of the electrolyte in the mouth 38 of the bell system at opposite end. The air 42 that is trapped inside the device at the point in time when the surface of the electrolyte comes into contact with the mouth of the bell system is normally at the same pressure as the internal pressure of the cell. This is so because the air that is displaced within the electrolytic cell during the replenishment, by introducing the water, is allowed to escape from the cell via the water outlet passage 16. In Fig. 6 the flow is continued of water from the water source, through the water inlet passage 14, through the bowl 20, through the bell system 33 and the electrolytic cell, to cause the level of the electrolyte in the cell to rise above from the mouth 38 of the bell system 33. As the electrolyte level in the cell and in the bell system rises above the mouth 38, the trapped air pressure 42 within the bell system 33 increases, to impose a pressure on the surface of the water in the second passage 29 of the bowl. The pressure imposed on the surface of the water in the second passage of the bowl causes the water level in the bowl to decrease towards the rim 33 of the second weir 32, thereby reducing the velocity of the passage or passage of the water to the bell system 33. This is so because the pressure of trapped air 43 within the bell system begins to approximate the head or hydrostatic pressure associated with the water level in the bowl. It is important to note that the bowl water pressure is produced by the water level inside the bowl and is independent of the water supply pressure that enters the LFD. As the pressure of trapped air rises, the water level in the bowl also begins to rise towards an open end 44 of the water outlet passage 16. In Figure 7, the flow of water from the water source, through the water inlet passage 14, through the bowl 20, through the bell system 33 and into the electrolytic cell is continued, to cause the level of electrolyte in the cell and the level of water in the bowl 20 rise to the point where the surface of the water comes into contact with the open end 44 of the water outlet passage 16. While the open end 44 of the passage 16 of water outlet is shown in Figures 1-9 below an open end of the water inlet passage 14 for purposes of simplicity and illustration, it will be understood that the open ends of the water inlet and outlet passages may be positioned at equal levels within the device in the bowl without affecting the leveling and replenishing operation of the LFD. What happens once the water level in the bowl reaches the open end 44 of the water outlet passage 16 depends on whether the pressure differential within the LFD is created by the operating conditions under pressure or vacuum. Under conditions of vacuum operation, the water inlet passage 14 is connected to an inlet end 46 to a non-pressurized water source (not shown). The water outlet passage 16 is connected to an outlet end 48 to a vacuum source (not shown) and a vacuum is imposed on the water outlet passage. As the air in cell 12 is evacuated, water 40 is drawn through the water inlet passage 14 and into the cell in the manner described above. Once the level of the water in the bowl 20 reaches the open end 44 of the water outlet passage 16 it is collected by the vacuum between the passage and is drawn through it. As the movement of water continues through the water outlet passage 16, the water continues to enter the cell via the water inlet passage 14 and the water continues to enter the cell via flow through the bell system 33.

The LFD is designed to stop the flow of water from the bowl 20 to the cell 12 after a determined or desired electrolyte level is obtained. Specifically, the first and second weir flanges 30 and 36 and the open end 44 of the water outlet passage 16 are located within the bowl 20 such that when the determined level of electrolyte in the cell is reached, the trapped air 42 it is pressurized by an amount sufficient to impose equalization pressure or compensation on the surface of the water in the second passage 29 of the bowl. The LFD is designed in such a way that the equalization or compensation pressure causes the level of water within the second passage of the bowl 29 to be moved to a site at or below the second rim 36 of the weir, thereby stopping the passage of additional water from the bowl 20 through the bell chamber 33 and cause the level of the water in the bowl to rise to the open end 44 of the outlet passage 16, thereby allowing the water still entering the bowl to be removed from the bowl. LFD 10, that is, that flows through the LFD without entering the electrolytic space of the cell. Once the LFD reaches its equalization or compensation pressure, that is, the electrolyte level of the desired cell is obtained, the flow velocities of the water passing in and out of the LFD reach equilibrium and the LFD carries performed a function of water circulation instead of an electrolyte replenishment function. Under positive pressure operating conditions, the water inlet passage 14 is connected at its inlet end 46 to a pressurized water source. The outlet end 48 of the water outlet passage 16 is at atmospheric pressure. As the water enters the LFD, it fills the bowl 20 and the electrolytic cell 12 with water as described above. As the water enters the LFD, it fills the bowl 20 and the electrolytic cell 12 with water as described above. Once the water level in the bowl 20 reaches the open end 44 of the water outlet passage 16, the level of water in the bowl continues to rise until the pressure of the trapped air 42 reaches the equalization or compensation pressure in the bowl. where the water in the second passage 29 of the bowl is moved below the second rim 36 of the weir. At this point, the water level in the bowl is sufficient to effect the passage of water from the bowl through the water outlet passage 16. As the vacuum operated system, once the LFD reaches its equalization pressure, obtains the desired level of electrolyte in the cell, the flow rates of the water passing in and out of the LFD reach equilibrium and the LFD conducts a water circulation instead of an electrolyte replenishment function.

A feature of the LFDs of this invention is that they are designed to provide a desired electrolyte level within the cell either through a pressure differential induced by pressure or vacuum and are designed to provide such an electrolyte level regardless of operating conditions. particular pressure or vacuum that are used. With reference to Figure 8, the LFD 10 is illustrated at a point where the pressure of equalization between the pressure "of trapped air 42 and the hydrostatic pressure of the water in the bowl and the pressure of trapped air 42 in the bowl has been obtained. second passage 29 of the bowl and bell system 33 has caused the water level in the second passage of the bowl to be moved sufficiently in relation to the second rim 36 of the weir to terminate the passage of water to the bell system 33. It is also The balance in the bowl 20 has been reached in such a way that the velocity of the water entering the bowl is equal to the velocity of the water routed from the LFD via the water outlet passage 16. At this point, the leveling and replenishment of electrolyte is consummate, depending on the particular application, the LFD can be used to fill a single electrolytic cell in which case the water channeled from the cell can be collected in a water reservoir or the like and the water flow to the cell can be terminated after the water flow is detected from the water outlet passageway 16. The LFDs constructed in accordance with the principles of this invention can be used to fill a plurality or plurality of electrolytic cells in an electrolytic battery. In such an application, an LFD is installed in each electrolytic cell and the water inlet and outlet passages of each LFD are hydraulically connected to allow the leveling and replenishment of multiple electrolytic cells in series and / or parallel. An exemplary system for leveling and replenishing electrolyte in multiple electrolytic cells is better described later herein with reference to Figure 17. Referring to Figure 9, after the electrolyte leveling and replenishment process is completed and the introduction is completed of water to the LFD, it may be desired that the water inlet passage 14 and the water outlet passage 16 be cleared or cleaned of any remaining liquid, eg water trapped within the extending water inlet and outlet passages between hydraulically connected LFDs. The purging of the water inlet and outlet passages is desirable because it prevents the passage of water between the electrolytic cells and finally of the battery during the charging or discharging of the battery due to the pressure that accumulates inside each cell. It is known that the pressure of the gas inside each cell increases during the charging process due to the release of gas (hydrogen and oxygen), this is degassing of the electrolyte, which can cause the liquid disposed within the inlet passages and Water outlet travel through hydraulically connected electrolytic cells and finally out of the battery. The water inlet and outlet passages 14 and 16 are purged either by: (1) passing the air through the water inlet passage 14, to cause the liquid contained in each water outlet passage to pass through through it until the water level in the bowl 20 moves below the open end 44 and the air is passed through it; (2) passing air through the water outlet passage 16, to cause the liquid contained therein to be purged in reverse to the bowl 20 until the air passes through it; (3) inducing a vacuum in the water inlet passage 14, to cause the water contained within the water outlet passage to be purged in reverse to the bowl; or (4) inducing a vacuum in the water outlet passage 16, to cause the water contained therein to be pulled through it until the level of the water in the bowl 20 moves below its open end. and the air is passed through it.

With reference to Figures 10-15, a currently preferred LFD 54, constructed in accordance with the principles of this invention generally comprises the same structural features described above for the simplified LFD 10 illustrated in Figures 1-9 and has been configured to allow its placement (see Figure 19) within an electrolyte fill opening or hole of an electrolytic cell. The LFD 54 is formed from a multi-piece construction comprising, when moving from an upper end of the device downwards: a cover 56 of the LFD; an upper body part of the LFD 58 disposed below the lid 54 and attached thereto at an open upper end 60 of the part 58; a lower body portion 62 attached to a lower open end 64 of the part 58 and a trap body and bell system attached to the lower end 68 of the body portion 58. The elements 56, 58, 62 and 66 are generally round, are aligned coaxially and are interconnected in their flanges. The overall configuration of the LFD 54, except for the conduit connection nipples preferably extending laterally of the LFD and defining through holes 70 and 72, is circularly cylindrical with appropriate external characteristics that allow it to be secured in a filler orifice. water from an existing battery, such as a lead-acid battery. Generally speaking, water enters the upper body 58 of the LFD through either one of the two water holes 70 and 72 and is channeled through the body 58 of the LFD, through a trap formed by the body part 62. and the body 66 of the bell system and the electrolytic cell. The LFD is constructed to provide electrolyte leveling and replenishment in accordance with the hydraulic principles described above and illustrated in Figures 1-9. The LFD is designed to accommodate or compensate for water flow through either of its water holes 70 and 72, thereby simplifying its hydraulic connection. With reference to Figures 10 and 11, the LFD 54 is generally cylindrical in shape to allow installation within an electrolyte fill opening of an electrolytic cell. The upper body 58 includes a chamber 54 for water extending therethrough from its first open (upper) end 70 to its second end 64 (lower) and water holes 70 and 72 positioned adjacent the first end 60 that each one extends radially outwards from it. The holes for the water 70 and 72 preferably extend from the body 58 of the LFD at diametrically opposite sites. Two vertical spaced water baffles 76 are disposed within the chamber and each is oriented such that it has a front side surface 78 perpendicular to a respective water hole. Each water baffle 76 is connected along its longitudinal edges to an inner wall surface of the upper body portion 58, to form a pair of diametrically opposed vertical water passages 80 each disposed between a side surface front 78 of the baffle and a wall surface of the adjacent body. Each water passage 80 extends downward from a respective water hole 70 or 72 to the second (lower) end of the upper body. As illustrated in Figure 10, the body 58 of the LFD is symmetrical in cross section about a vertical central axis. As will be discussed later herein with reference to Figure 14, the LFD 58 also includes vertical gas baffles 112 which are positioned within the chamber 74 perpendicular to the water baffles 76. The LFD 54 includes means for providing the releasable connection with an electrolyte filler opening or hole of an electrolytic battery. In a preferred embodiment, such means are in the form of a collar 82 which is arranged circumferentially around the body 58 of the LFD and which extends axially along the body between the holes for the water 70 and 72 and the second end 64 of the body of the LFD. An o-ring seal 83 is disposed circumferentially around an external surface of the body 58 of the LFD and is interposed between the collar 82 and the body of the LFD to form a gas and liquid tight seal therebetween. The collar 82 can be attached either around the body of the LFD by interference fit or by other connecting elements, such as by gluing or adhesive bonding, ultrasonic gluing or the like; however, it is preferred that the body be rotatably carried on the collar. In the preferred arrangement shown, the LFD 54 is disposed coaxially through the collar 82 and is sealed and held in place to the inside of the collar by a tight or strong fit provided by the O-ring seal 83. The connection of the LFD 54 to the The collar thus allows the LFD to be rotated within the collar, to accommodate or compensate for the channeling of any external plumbing fixtures and the like, without altering the joint and seal formed between the collar and the filler opening of the cell. As will be discussed in more detail later herein, the assembled LFD 54 is inserted into the collar 82 after the collar is engaged with an electrolyte fill opening of an electrolytic cell.

The collar 82 is adapted to facilitate releasable attachment with an electrolyte fill (or fill) opening or opening of an electrolytic cell and includes a first flange 84 extending radially away from the axial end of the collar and positioned adjacent to the water holes 70 and 72. The first flange 84 is dimensioned in such a way that it has a larger diameter than that of the electrolyte filling or filling orifice orifice to limit an insertion depth of the LFD to the electrolytic cell . In addition, the first flange may have an external shape designed to fit the hand or other type of tool conventionally used to rotate an element. Configured in this manner, the first flange accommodates the use of such a tool to install and rotate the collar in place within the opening or orifice of the electrolytic cell. The collar 82 also includes two second lower flanges 86 extending radially from an opposite axial end of the collar adjacent the second end 64 of the upper body 58. The second flanges 86 are located in diametrically opposite locations on the collar and extend partially (from preference at approximately 90 degrees) around the circumference of the collar and are sized for installation within the electrolyte fill opening. The upper surface 88 of each flange 86 is helically inclined in a manner that is designed to provide a releasable interlocking fit with a helically complementary sloping surface defined on the lower surface of a flange 170 extending from the outer diameter of an opening orifice 171 of electrolyte filler defined in a battery cover 172; see figure 19. These are two diametrically opposed flanges in the filler opening and each extends partially (preferably approximately 90 degrees) around the opening. The collar 82 is designed to provide a releasable interlocking fit within an electrolyte filler opening by inserting the second flange 86 therein such that the first flange 84 is placed against an upper surface of the battery cell , for example the battery cover and by rotating the LFD 54 within the opening by a certain amount (preferably 90 degrees) to cause a cam (threaded) cooperation between the flanges 86 and the shoulders 170 of the opening Filling that causes the flange 84 of the upper circumferential collar to seat and seal against the battery cover surface around the electrolyte filler opening. The collar also preferably includes two movable members 89 (one such member can be used) in the form of a tongue that is integral with a sidewall portion of the collar, as illustrated in Figure 14. The tongue is designed in such a manner as to Such an embodiment has an outer surface that is flat with an outer diameter of the collar and having an inner surface extending radially inwardly from an inner diameter of the collar, when the LFD 54 is not disposed within the collar. After the insertion of the LFD 54 to the collar 82, the tongue is forced by camming to move radially outwardly such that its outer surface projects a distance away from the outer diameter of the collar. The tongue is positioned along the collar in such a way that when the LFD 54 is installed inside the collar which has been mounted in a battery filling hole, the tongue projects to the tongue recess arrangement of the filling opening for splicing with an adjacent end of the flange of the filler hole to lock the collar in its fully rotated position within the filler or filler opening or hole. Such locking engagement of the collar within the opening is important to prevent the collar from being rotationally and loosely moved within the filling opening, thereby ensuring that a gas and liquid tight seal is maintained between the collar and the collar. the filling hole.

Such seal is important to allow water supply under vacuum operating conditions. In a preferred embodiment, the collar comprises two tabs 89 which are positioned diametrically opposite each other to engage with diametrically opposite complementary portions of the filling or filler hole as shown in Figure 19. The collar may include one or more washers (not shown). shown) disposed circumferentially around it between the first and second beads to facilitate obtaining a gas and liquid tight seal against the outer surface of the battery cover. Although a particular means or element for providing a releasable interlocking LFD junction with an electrolyte cell electrolyte filler opening has been described and illustrated, it will be understood that other joining means known in the art to be performed on the same they can use and are within the scope of this invention. The lower body portion 62 of the LFD (also referred to as a landfill body because it defines a structure corresponding to a first landfill ledge 30 shown in Figures 1-9) is attached to the second end 64 of and has the same outer diameter as the upper body 58 of the LFD. With reference to Figures 10 and 12, the landfill body 62 includes a pair of solid sections 90 that each extend in a horizontal direction radially through the diameter of the landfill body from diametrically opposed body flanges, each of the solid sections 90 form a floor portion for a respective water passage 80 through the LFD. In other words, the solid sections 90 of the lower body part form the floor of a bowl extending in the LFD upwards to the parts 70 and 72 and the passages 80 extend downwards from those parts to the bowl. The body 62 includes a centrally located passage 92 extending axially therethrough a distance downwardly from the solid sections 90. The passage 92 is defined vertically by wall surfaces 94 that form a first weir 95. In an exemplary embodiment, the passage 92 of the landfill body has a rectangular cross-sectional shape, as best seen in Figures 12 and 13. The first landfill 95 includes a first landfill flange 96 at its open end extending a determined distance to a central passage 97 in an upper portion of the body 66 of the bell system. With reference to Figures 10 and 13, the body 66 of the bell system is generally cylindrical and has a diameter that is preferably approximately equal to that of the parts 58 and 62 of the LFD body. The body 66 of the bell system has a passage or passage 97 extending axially therethrough from a first end 98 of the body attached to the body 62 of the weir, to a second lower open end or mouth 100. For reference purposes, reference will be made to annular passage 97 of the bell system as the bell system. The bell system 97 includes a reservoir or water container 102 disposed therein that is defined vertically by a pair of diametrically opposed side walls 104, each extending axially along the bell system for a given length and are joined along longitudinal edges to a wall surface of the body of the bell system. The side walls 104 have upper ends 110 located below the solid sections 90 of the body portion 62 to form a second weir 105; compare the second landfill wall 32 shown in Fig. 1. The store is defined horizontally by a floor 106 extending between the lower ends of the side walls 104 and having longitudinal edges that are attached thereto. The floor 106 has wide edges that are attached to the wall surface of the bell system 96. The water reservoir 102 is designed to accommodate the placement of the passage 92 of the landfill body with the same., such that the first ridge 96 of the weir is positioned at a certain distance above the floor 106 of the reservoir and such that a second weir rim 110 (defined at the upper edges of the walls 104) is disposed at a determined distance below the solid sections 90 of the landfill body and a determined distance above the first landfill flange 96. Together, the first weir 95 and the second weir 105 form a trap disposed within the LFD 54 at the bottom of the lower holes 70 and 72 of the bowl. The floor 106 of the water reservoir is disposed a certain distance above the mouth 100 of the bell system to produce a desired volume of air trapped therein during the electrolyte leveling and replenishing operation of the device. The LFD 54 is constructed to allow the unidirectional flow of water through it by using either hole 70 or 72 for the water as the water inlet. Water is introduced into the LFD 54 by creating a differential pressure between the holes for water 70 and 72, either by pressurized or vacuum operating conditions. The water entering the LFD passes from the inlet through the respective passage 80 for the vertical water in the chamber 74 of the body of the LFD, to the trap of the LFD, through the central water passage 92 of the landfill body, more beyond the first ledge 96 of the landfill and is directed upwards by the second landfill 105. The water passes over the second landfill ledge 110, through the bell system 97 and the electrolytic cell where it is mixed with and replenished the existing electrolyte . The LFD 54 operates in the same manner as that previously described for the simplified arrangement illustrated in Figures 1-9. When a given electrolyte level is obtained within the cell, the pressure of the air trapped within the bell system and the trap imposes a pressure equalization on the water surface disposed between the first and second landfill that is equal to or greater than the head or hydrostatic pressure of the water within the LFD body 58 associated with the water level in the bowl of the LFD. The pressurization of trapped air within the bell system causes the water disposed between the first and second landfills to be at or below the second landfill flange 110. Once the trapped air pressure is at or at a higher pressure than the hydrostatic head pressure of the water in the body of the LFD, the flow of water to the cell is terminated. In the LFDs described and shown, water can not flow out of the device without flowing into the bowl. The only path for the water flow of the device to its output is via the bowl with which the trap is located. That trajectory has a downward excursion between its entrance and exit orifices and the bowl is part of that flow path in that excursion. The trap functions as a valve that has no moving parts and which responds to the electrolyte level in the adjacent battery cell to regulate either the inlet water flows only to the cell or to the cell and also out of the LFD or only to outside of the LFD. Figure 14 shows the LFD 54 of Figure 10 in a sectional plane that is perpendicular to the sectional plane used in Figure 10. Figure 14 shows the gas distribution structure of the LFD 54. A pair of gas baffles 112 are arranged axially within the LFD chamber 74 and extend from a position adjacent to and slightly below the first end 60 of the upper body of the LFD to the landfill body 62. The walls 112 have continuations 112 in the part 62 of the lower body that extend those walls to solid sections 90, that is to the bottom of the water bowl in the LFD. With reference to Figures 14 and 15, the gas baffles 112 are positioned perpendicular to and are joined along longitudinal edges between the water deflectors 76.; see Figure 11. A pair of gas passages 114 are each formed within the chamber 74 between a front side surface 116 of each gas baffle 112 and a respective adjacent chamber wall surface. A central passage 118 is formed along the central axis of the chamber 74 between the internal (rear) surfaces of the water baffles 76 and the gas baffles 112. The body 62 of the weir includes one or more vents 120 which they extend through the walls of the landfill body to the gas passages 114. In an exemplary embodiment, the landfill body 62 includes a pair of vent holes 120 that are diametrically opposed to each other and are formed through the wall cylindrical of the body above the body sections 90 that form the floor of the bowl of the LFD. Once the LFD is installed inside the electrolyte cell electrolyte opening, the air or gas pressure that is developed inside the cell enters the LFD 54 via the openings or vents 120. The incoming gas travels from the vents 120 upwards through the gas passages 114 to the upper part of the body passage of the LFD, where the gas travels on the upper edges 123 of the gas baffles 112 and to the central chamber 118, as will be discussed later herein, the gas entering the central chamber can be channeled through it and to the water passage 80 where it is ventilated from the LFD 54. The lid 56 of the LFD is generally in the form of a disk. The cap 56 has a diameter that is similar to that of the upper body 58 of the LFD and is attached along its circumferential edge to the open end 60 of the upper body 58 of the LFD. The gas that has entered the central chamber 118 passes down through the chamber where it passes under the lower edges 125 of the water baffles 76 and enters one or both of the water passages 80 for the removal of the LFD 54 via the water hole 72 that is used to separate the water from the LFD. For example, during a water filling operation that is carried out under either vacuum or positive pressure operating conditions, the gas within the central chamber leaves the LFD via a water passage 80 which is used to transport water of the LFD 54. Configured in this way, the LFD prevents the pressure from accumulating in the cell during the electrolyte replenishment operation, due to air displacement in the cell and during the discharge and loading operations (provided that the water outlet hole is not blocked and is vented to either the atmosphere or a gas collection unit) which buildup of pressure could cause an explosion hazard when the accumulated pressure is caused by the release of gas from the water component of the electrolyte. Figure 16 illustrates another preferred embodiment of the LFD 124 which is similar to the LFD 54 described above and illustrated in Figures 10-15, except that in the LFD 124 a valve carrier 125 is interposed between the lid 56 and the body part 58 superior of the LFD. The LFD 124 is configured to allow the gas entering the LFD to be vented therefrom. The valve carrier 125 has a circular disc-shaped configuration and is attached around its circumferential edge to the open end 60 of the upper body 58 of the LFD. The valve carrier has a transverse bottom wall 130 through which a central valve mounting opening 126 is formed in the center of a configuration * of gas vent holes 131. The valve carrier also has a side wall that extends around its circumferential edge and in which at least one vent opening 132 is formed. Check valve means 127 are disposed within the central opening 126 to provide a passageway. unidirectional gas from the central chamber 74 through the carrier and to prevent the passage of air from the atmosphere to the LFD. Such retention or unidirectional gas ventilation of the LFD is desirable to allow the use of the device under vacuum operating conditions. In an exemplary mode, the check valve means 127 is in the form of a resilient check valve element or plug which is disposed above and around the ventilation holes 131. They are mounted on a central mounting rod 128. It has a second widened end 129 which cooperates with the upper part of the wall 130 out of the ventilation holes. The plug 127 is adapted to provide the unidirectional flow of air or gas from the central gas chamber 118 of the LFD through the ventilation holes 131 and to the carrier and to prevent the passage of air from the atmosphere through the carrier and to the carrier. central chamber 118. The gas that has entered the LFD central gas chamber 118 passes through the ventilation holes 131, beyond the plug 127 and through the openings or vent holes 132 into the atmosphere or alternatively is collected for further processing and / or eventual channeling to the atmosphere. Configured in this manner, the LFD 124 prevents pressure from accumulating in the cell during battery charging or discharging in situations where the water holes in the LFD are blocked and thus the gas is otherwise unable to exit the LFD. via the water passages. For example, an LFD comprising such a gas vent cover arrangement can be used to take advantage of a battery water supply system for a battery powered golf cart where an outboard tank is used and the Water inlet and outlet ducts to the LFD of the battery have check valves that close when the ducts are disconnected from the water source, thereby preventing water leakage when the ducts or hoses are disconnected from a supply station of water. The elements identified above that form the LFDs 54 and 124 can be made from any structurally appropriate material that is adapted to withstand the hostile environment of battery service. For example, the LFD can be made of appropriate polymeric or fluoropolymeric materials that are known to exhibit a good degree of structural rigidity and provide a good degree of corrosion resistance and / or chemical resistance, including nascent oxygen resistance. . The elements that are used to form the LFD can be either machined or molded. In an exemplary embodiment, the upper body 58 of the LFD, the cap 56 of the LFD, carrier 133, body 62 of the landfill, body 66 of the bell system and collar 82 are each molded from a rigid battery grade polypropylene and are bonded together jointly when using conventional joining methods. The plug 127 of the valve and O-ring 83 are formed from a material possessing the desired elastomeric properties that are required for the particular application and which are adapted to withstand the hostile environment of service of the battery. In a preferred embodiment, the plug and O-ring are formed of EPDM rubber.

Figure 17 schematically illustrates another LFD 133 of this invention that is configured as an integral part of the battery structure itself, rather than as a device that is designed for attachment in an electrolyte fill opening or bore of a battery existing electrolyte. For purposes of simplicity and illustration, the simplified form of the LFD illustrated in Figs. 1-9 is shown in Fig. 16 as an integral element of the battery structure; that is, the battery cover. However, it will be understood that the LFDs 54 described above and illustrated in Figures 10-16 can also be constructed as an integral element of the battery structure. The LFD 133 is incorporated into a battery cover 134 that fits over and seals the electrolytic cells 136 of an electrolytic battery 140. The number of LFD 133 formed in the cover 134 is equal to the number of electrolytic cells 136 and each LFD is oriented inside the battery cover in such a way that it is disposed within a headspace or top space of a respective cell. The cover 134 includes a water inlet orifice 142 that is in hydraulic connection with the water inlet passage 144 of a first LFD. The LFDs are hydraulically connected together in series between water inlet and outlet passages 144 and 146 via water transport passages 148 disposed within the battery cover. The cover 134 includes a water outlet hole 150 which is hydraulically connected to a water outlet passage 146 of a terminal LFD (last). The LFD 133 also includes vents 152 disposed within the battery cover to allow the accumulated pressure of the cell to be removed therefrom via the LFD, as described above for the LFD 43 for example. It will be understood that the three-cell arrangement illustrated in Figure 17 has been selected for purposes of simplicity of illustration and reference and that the LFDs of this invention can be configured as integral components of a battery having any variety of electrolytic cells. It will also be understood that the particular construction of the integral LFDs with the battery cover is but a method to manufacture the LFD as part of the battery and that other constructions, for example the elaboration of the integral LFD with the wall of the • cell electrolytic, are proposed to be within the scope of this invention. LFDs constructed as integral elements of an electrolytic battery, instead of separate devices that are adapted to be updated through the electrolyte fill openings of an electrolytic battery are desirable because only one coupling of the water agent and output coupling of water are needed to perform the electrolyte leveling and electrolyte replenishment for all the cells of the battery, to simplify by this additionally the operation of leveling and replenishment of the electrolyte. Also, avoiding the need to update the LFD to each electrolytic cell eliminates the need to manufacture and maintain external sanitary facilities between the LFDs, thereby facilitating the maintenance of the battery and avoiding potential sources of water leaks outside the battery and space concerns that may be associated with the use of addition LFD with existing batteries in certain narrow space applications are avoided. A feature of the LFDs of this invention is that, when installed in each electrolytic cell of the battery and when hydraulically connected together, the electrolyte leveling and replenishment process is reduced to a simple act of making a single connection with a water source, to create a pressure differential within the LFD and wait until the water passes the terminal LFD. The use of the LFDs of this invention avoids the need to have physical access to each cell for the leveling and replenishment of electrolyte and avoids the need to circulate electrolyte to the outside of the battery, to eliminate by this a potential source of property damage or health risks. Another feature of the LFDs of this invention is that the electrolyte leveling and replenishment operation is carried out without the use of moving parts in or to the battery. The use of moving parts in battery service is undesirable due to the hostile environment with which the parts can be contacted. It is known that the use of moving parts in such a hostile environment results in failure of the parts and / or improper operation of such parts, either in one case or the other impairing the proper operation of the device. A further feature of the LFDs of this invention is that they allow the leveling and replenishment of electrolyte under a wide range of differential pressure conditions that can be imposed either in pressure or vacuum operation modes. Because the LFDs of this invention are designed to provide a given level of electrolyte within a cell, based on the equalization pressure between the air trapped within the bell system and the hydrostatic pressure associated with the water level in the cell. bowl inside the body of the LFD, regardless of particular operating conditions under pressure or in vacuum, its use minimizes or completely eliminates any effect that inconsistent pressure or vacuum operating conditions may have on the ability of the LFD to consistently provide the level of electrolyte determined in each battery cell. By using the LFDs of this invention the person performing the electrolyte leveling or filling operation can be assured that the electrolyte in each cell is replenished at the determined level without having to worry about the pressurized operation condition or specific vacuum. Such a feature of the invention also makes the leveling process easily adaptable to a variety of different pressure or vacuum sources. The amount of differential pressure needed to operate the LFDs of the invention depends on the application and size of the particular LFD. For example, LFDs configured and sized to be used as a car battery or golf cart could be put into operation by using a differential pressure smaller than that associated with an LFD that has been configured and sized for use with a submarine battery. . In an exemplary embodiment, wherein the LFD is sized for use in an automobile or golf cart application (ie, wherein the LFD is in the form of that illustrated in Figures 10-16, which have a diameter of body of less than approximately 2.5 cm (one inch) to facilitate installation within the electrolytic cell opening) will allow leveling and replenishment of electrolyte under differential (absolute) pressure conditions in the range of approximately 0.007 Kg / square centimeter ( 0.1 pound / square inch) at 1,406 Kg / square centimeter (20 pounds / square inch), without affecting the desired electrolyte level that is provided by the LFD in the cell. However, it will be understood that the LFD can be configured and sized to operate under different pressure differential conditions depending on the particular application. Additionally if desired and as illustrated in FIG. 20 for simplicity of illustration, the LFDs of this invention can be constructed and used to carry out the thermal conditioning of the electrolyte in addition to filling and leveling. For example, the LFD 10 may be designed such that it has one or more heat transfer elements 170 projecting down from the bottom or floor 26 of the bowl a distance from the bell system such that each of such elements 170 is submerged to the electrolyte by a desired depth. The heat transfer elements 170 are connected to the LFD 10 in a position that permits the transfer of heat by conduction from the water entering and circulating through the LFD to the electrolyte. The heat transfer elements can be manufactured from a material having good thermal conductivity properties such as metal or the like (e.g., stainless steel) . An LFD comprising such heat transfer elements may be desirable in applications where heating or cooling the electrolyte is desired for optimum battery performance and / or service life. In such applications, the electrolyte in each cell can be heated by circulating the heated water through each LFD or it can be cooled by circulating cooled water through each LFD. Figure 18 illustrates a liquid filling system (LFS) 154 comprising a variety of LFD 54 which are described above and illustrated in Figures 10-16 and which are each arranged in a respective electrolytic cell 158 of an electrolytic battery 160 The LFD 54 are hydraulically connected together in series via water transport passages 162 which are each interposed between respective water holes 164 of the adjacent LFDs. The LFS illustrated in Figure 18 is adapted to provide electrolyte leveling and replenishment when a differential pressure is imposed between the water holes 164 of each LFD 54 either by vacuum or pressure operating conditions. The water orifice 164 of a first LFD 54 is connected to a water feed line 166 that is connected to a water source (not shown). In the event that the differential pressure across each LFD is imposed by pressure conditions, the water supply line 166 is connected to a water supply source that is adapted to provide water at an appropriate pressure and flow rate. , for example water at a line pressure and the like. In the event that the differential pressure across each LFD is imposed by vacuum conditions, the water supply line 166 is connected to a water source that is adapted to supply water at atmospheric pressure, for example from a water tank. water and the like. Figure 18 provides the possibility to note the LFD bodies 54 that are rotatable in their mounting collars, such that the angular position of an LFD can be adjusted to efficiently implement any desired scheme to interconnect the LFD in a multiple LFS. cells The orifice 164 for the water of a terminal LFD 54 is connected to a water drain line 168. If desired, an outlet end of the. Water drainage line can be connected to a water reservoir or the like (not shown) to capture water leaving the LFS after the leveling and replenishment operation is consummated. If desired, a quick connect type fitting accessory (not shown) can be used to provide a single site connection point for the water supply line 166 and the water drain line 168. Such an adjustment accessory it may preferably be configured to provide a releasable interlocking water tight fit between the respective ends of the water supply line and the drain line. Additionally, it is desirable that such a fitting include a check valve or the like at each joining end that is adapted to allow flow through the coupled ends of the line when connected and prevent flow through the ends of the coupling. line decoupled when they are disconnected. The use of an adjustment fitting configured in this way is desirable because it reduces the steps required to start leveling and replenishing the electrolyte to two.; that is, activation of the power supply and connection of the adjustment accessory. The LFS 154 is put into operation by activating the pressure or vacuum supply source to provide a desired differential pressure within each LFD 54, to cause the water to be routed to the first LFD 54. As the water enters the First LFD passes through the LFD to the electrolytic cell in the same manner as described above and illustrated in Figures 1-9. Specifically, as the water enters the first LFD 54 and is directed thereto via its internal water passages, the level of the electrolyte in the first cell rises until the pressure of the air trapped in the bell chamber reaches the Equalizing pressure, to cause the water to stop to the cell and to cause the water level in the LFD to rise until it reaches the mouth of the empty water passage and is passed through it outward of the LFD. The water that is circulated through the first LFD is channeled via the water transport passage 162 to the water hole 16'4 of the next LFD in the series where the process repeats itself. The water is circulated between each LFD in the series until the desired electrolyte level is obtained in a terminal cell 168 and the water is channeled from a respective terminal LFD via its water orifice 164. Once it is observed that the water leaves the water drain line 168, the water flow from the water source stops when the source of pressure or vacuum is turned off. The holes 164 for the water, water passages within the LFDs and water transport passages 162 that hydraulically connect the LFDs are purged from the water contained therein by one of the four methods described above. With reference to Figure 18, in an exemplary embodiment, water can be purged by passing pressurized air through the interconnected electrolytic cells either in one direction or another by using line 166 or line 168 as the input line of air. Once it is observed that the air leaves the other line, the source of air pressure is disconnected and the electrolyte leveling and replenishment operation is completed or consumed. If desired, the electrolyte leveling and replenishing operation can be carried out before, after or during the battery charging process; it is preferred during and / or after. Although an exemplary LFS has been specifically described and illustrated in Figure 18 which makes use of LFD of Figures 10-16, it will be understood that the LFS of this invention may alternatively make use of other LFDs of this invention and that such use is contemplated in the scope of this invention. The above description of the currently preferred aspects and other aspects of this invention has been presented by way of illustration and example. It does not present or propose to present an exhaustive catalog of all the structural and procedural forms by which the invention can be implemented or put into practice. Variations and alterations of the described structures and methods can be effected without deviating from the fair essence and scope of the invention in a manner consistent with the foregoing descriptions and the following claims to be read and interpreted freely in the context of the prior art with the which is concerning. It is noted that, in relation to this date, the best method known to the applicant to carry out the aforementioned invention, is that which is clear from the present description of the invention.

Claims (39)

1. CLAIMS Having described the invention as above, the content of the following claims is claimed as property: 1. A device for leveling and replenishing an electrolytic cell with water, characterized in that it comprises: a body that defines first and second orifices of water flow; a trap that has a bowl located below the holes for the flow of water, where the trap includes a weir directed upwards and a weir directed downwards to contain a volume of air inside the trap to regulate the flow of water to through it, wherein the trap includes an outlet positioned at a selected distance below a weir flange directed upwards and below a bowl floor from which the weir directed upward is projected to provide a desired liquid level to be established in a chamber to which the outlet can be connected and first and second water passages that separately connect the respective holes to the bowl for the water inlet and outlet to and from the bowl, where the location of the exit of the trap is vertically in relation to the rim and the lower end of one of the first and second passages and the volumetric distribution between such lower end of the passage and exit of the trap are defined to cause the flow of water through the trap to stop after immersion of the outlet of the trap and after a volume of air inside the trap reaches a sufficient pressure to cause the water in the bowl to rise to at least the level of the lower end of such passage.
2. 2. A device for leveling and replenishing an electrolytic cell with water, characterized in that it comprises: first and second holes for water; first and second water passages that are independent of each other communicating with the respective water holes and having lower ends under the respective holes for the water; a trap arranged below the first and second water passages to receive water from one of the first or second water passages, wherein the trap includes a bowl extending above the lower end of the other of the passages and thus minus a landfill positioned within the. trap to contain a volume of air therein to regulate the flow of water therethrough and a bell system arranged adjacent to an outlet of the trap and having an open end adapted to direct the water passing through the trap. trap to an electrolytic cell, wherein the open end of the bell system is disposed at a distance below the trap to provide a desired electrolyte level within the cell and wherein the bell system is adapted to trap a volume of air in it with the trap during a leveling and replenishing operation; wherein the device terminates the flow of water to the electrolytic cell independently of the water supply pressure when the pressure of the air trapped within the trap and the bell system is at least equal to a head or hydrostatic head pressure within the trap caused by the level of water in the trap and after that diverts the flow of water through the device without passing the electrolyte through the device.
3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the passages, the trap and the bell system are defined in a body adapted for placement within a filling opening of the electrolyte of an electrolytic cell and includes means for providing a releasable locking union therewith and wherein the trap and bell system are disposed at least partially within a headspace or top space of the electrolyte when the device is installed in the electrolyte fill (or fill) hole .
4. 4. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the trap includes: a first landfill directed downwards having a first landfill flange; and a second landfill directed upwards having a second landfill flange; wherein the water is directed into the device from the water passage to the trap, over the first rim of the weir, over the second rim of the weir and into the bell system and where the first and second landfills are positioned within the trap to contain a volume of air therein which prevents the electrolyte in the cell from entering the trap after a desired electrolyte filling or filling level has been obtained.
5. 5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the first and second landfills are each arranged within the bell system.
6. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that it comprises a central chamber axially disposed therein which is independent of the water passages for transporting the gas through the device.
7. 7. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that it further comprises means for separating the gas from an electrolytic cell through the device independently of the trap and the water passages.
8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for separating the gas allow the unidirectional flow of gas from the electrolytic cell and prevent atmospheric air from entering the device.
9. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the means for separating the gas comprises: a ventilation passage extending axially through the device, the ventilation passage includes a ventilation hole that extends through a body wall and is adapted to receive gas from a head space or head space of the electrolytic cell and a vent hole disposed adjacent an upper end of the device and in communication with the vent passage, the vent opening includes means of check valves to provide a unidirectional flow of gas therethrough only from the device.
10. 10. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the device is an integral part of an electrolytic battery.
11. 11. An electrolytic cell leveling and replenishment system characterized in that it comprises a variety of devices according to claim 2, each installed in a respective electrolytic cell of an electrolytic battery, the various devices are hydraulically connected to each other to allow circulation of water between them and the leveling of each electrolytic cell from a simple connection to a water source.
12. 12. A device for filling an electrolytic cell with water and providing a determined level of electrolyte within the cell, the device is characterized in that it comprises: a body; first and second water holes opening to the body and connected thereto to respective first and second water passages that are independent of each other and extend downward in the body; a trap disposed within the body below the first and second passages of water, the trap has a landfill arrangement between an inlet positioned to receive water from one of the passages and an exit from the trap and a bell system disposed adjacent to the exit from the trap and having an open end adapted to direct the water passing through the trap to an electrolytic cell, wherein the trap and bell system are adapted to trap a volume of air therein during an operation of the trap. filling or filling; where the device is adapted to stop the flow of water to the electrolytic cell regardless of the water supply pressure when the pressure of the air trapped inside the trap and the bell system is at least equal to a hydrostatic pressure of water inside the trap caused by the water level in the trap and where The trap and the bell system are designed to prevent the passage of the electrolyte from the electrolytic cell to the trap during a filling operation and after a desired electrolyte level has been obtained.
13. 13. The device according to claim 12, characterized in that the body is adapted for installation to an electrolyte filling or filling hole or electrolyte cell and includes means for providing a releasable connection therewith, wherein at least a portion of the trap and the system The bell is placed inside a head or top space of the electrolytic cell when the device is installed in the filler or filling or electrolyte hole.
14. 14. The device according to claim 12, characterized in that it comprises a gas passage arranged inside the body and independent of the water passages, the gas passage communicates with a ventilation hole that extends through a wall of the body to accommodate the passage of gas to the body from the electrolytic cell.
15. The device according to claim 14, characterized in that it further comprises: a ventilation hole through the body and in communication with the gas passage, wherein the ventilation hole is located to be outside of the electrolytic cell when the device is connected to the electrolytic cell; and a check valve associated with the upper part of the vent opening to provide a unidirectional flow of gas from the device.
16. 16. An electrolytic battery comprising a plurality of electrolytic cells, characterized in that the battery includes a similar number of the devices according to claim 12 each configured as an integral part of the battery.
17. 17. The device according to claim 12, characterized in that the other of the passages is positioned in such a way that when a determined electrolyte level is obtained inside the electrolytic cell, the water flowing to the device is channeled therefrom by the other He passed.
18. 18. The device according to claim 12, characterized in that the trap is arranged at least partially within the bell system.
19. The device according to claim 12, characterized in that the device is symmetrical about an axis running axially through the body.
20. 20. An electrolytic cell leveling and replenishment system comprising a variety of devices according to claim 19, characterized in that each is installed to a respective electrolytic cell of an electrolytic battery, wherein each device is hydraulically connected to another device to allow the circulation of water between them and the leveling of each electrolytic cell.
21. 21. A device for filling an electrolytic cell with water and for providing a determined electrolyte level inside the cell without passing the electrolyte of the cell through the device, the device is characterized in that it comprises: a body, first and second orifices of water extending to the body at an upper end thereof and first and second water passages which are independent of each other and extend downwardly in the body from the respective holes axially through the body and which include mounting means for mounting the body inside the filling or filling opening of the electrolyte of an electrolytic battery; a trap having an inlet bowl disposed within the body below the first and second passages of water and including a first weir directed downward and a second weir directed upward, the trap is located to receive water from one of the passages of water for passing the water under the first weir and on the second weir and a bell system arranged adjacent to an outlet of the trap and having an open end adapted to direct the water passing through the trap to a cell electrolytic, the trap and the bell system are adapted to trap a volume of air in them during a filling operation to regulate the flow of water through the trap and to prevent the electrolyte from flowing from the cell to the trap, at least a portion of the trap and the bell system is disposed below the mounting means within an overhead or head space of an electrolytic cell The device is mounted inside an electrolyte filler opening; wherein the device is adapted to stop the flow of water to the electrolytic cell independently of the supply pressure of water to the body when the pressure of the air trapped inside the trap and the bell system is at least equal to a pressure of head or hydrostatic pressure of the water inside the trap caused by the water level in the bowl.
22. 22. The device according to claim 21, characterized in that the device comprises a gas passage positioned within the body between the first and second water passages and independently of the water passages.
23. 23. The device according to claim 21, characterized in that the other passage is positioned in such a way that when a determined electrolyte level is obtained inside the electrolytic cell, the water that enters the device is channeled through the other one. such passages.
24. 24. The device according to claim 21, characterized in that the trap is arranged at least partially within the bell system.
25. 25. The device according to claim 21, characterized in that the device is symmetrical about an axis running axially through the body.
26. 26. An electrolytic cell leveling and replenishment system comprising a variety of devices according to claim 21, each being installed to a respective electrolytic cell of an electrolytic battery, characterized in that each device is hydraulically connected to another device for allow the circulation of water between them and the leveling of each electrolytic cell.
27. 27. A water supply apparatus upgradeable to a cell of a lead-acid battery to add water to the cell to establish in the cell a desired level of acid electrolyte, the apparatus is characterized in that it comprises: a tubular body having characteristics external by means of which the body is mountable to a cell filling opening with an upper end of the body located to the outside of the cell and a lower end of the body located in the cell at a selected distance below a desired electrolyte level; a pair of water flow orifices extending to an interior of the body at the upper end of the body, the body internally defining a passage for water flow between the orifices having a lower portion located between the orifices, the body it also defines within it a water flow trap having an inlet communicating with the lower portion of the passage and an outlet at the lower end of the body, the relative vertical locations of the trap elements and the lower portion of the passage they are cooperatively defined in combination with the volumetric distribution of the lower portion of the passage and the trap elements to cause a volume of air to be contained in the trap and to cause the lower portion of the passage to be flooded by the flowing water through one of the holes to the body when the electrolyte level in the cell has been raised to the desired level by the water that pa through the trap to pressurize the volume of air by a desired amount to cause the trap to stop the passage of water to the cell, where the volume of air also prevents the passage of the electrolyte from the cell to the trap during a filling operation and after that a desired electrolyte level has been obtained.
28. 28. The apparatus according to claim 27, characterized in that the body defines within it a gas flow path extending from an entry opening below the external features independently of the water flow passages.
29. 29. The apparatus in accordance with the claim 28, characterized in that the body includes: a gas outlet at the upper end of the body for venting gas from the gas flow path and check valve means at the upper end of the body to allow gas flow through the body. the gas outlet only out of the body.
30. 30. The apparatus according to claim 27, characterized in that the water flow path defines the only path for the flow of water between the orifices within the body.
31. 31. A method for replenishing an electrolytic cell with water at a given electrolyte level, characterized in that it comprises the steps of: creating a pressure differential between a water inlet passage and a water outlet passage of a water filling device; liquid, causing the water to pass through a water inlet passage of the device through a trap of the device, through a bell system of the device and to an electrolytic cell; forming a volume of air trapped within the bell and trap system when the level of the electrolyte within the cell reaches an open end of the bell system; pressurizing the volume of air trapped in the device by continuously passing water to the electrolytic cell until the pressure of the trapped air is at least equal to a hydrostatic pressure of water in the device caused by the water level in the device; and finish the passage of water to the electrolytic cell to obtain a determined electrolyte level when the trapped air pressure is at least equal to a hydrostatic pressure of water in the device, where the electrolyte level is obtained independently of the pressure of water entering the device and wherein the volume of trapped air prevents the electrolyte from passing into the trap during a refueling operation and after a desired electrolyte level has been obtained.
32. 32. The method of compliance with the claim 31, characterized in that it further comprises, after the step of terminating the passage of water to the electrolytic cell, to channel the water that is passed to the device through the water outlet passage and out of the device.
33. 33. The method in accordance with the claim 32, characterized in that it further comprises the step of venting the gas of the electrolytic cell through the device during the step of passing the water through the device to the electrolytic cell.
34. 34. The method of compliance with the claim 33, characterized in that it further comprises the step of preventing atmospheric air from passing to the device.
35. 35. The method according to claim 31, characterized in that it further comprises, before the step of creating a pressure differential, installing the liquid filling device to an electrolyte filling opening of the electrolytic cell in such a way that by at least a portion of the trap and bell system is disposed in an overhead or top space of the electrolytic cell.
36. 36. A method for replenishing multiple electrolytic cells of an electrolytic battery with water at an electrolyte level determined in accordance with the steps cited in claim 1, characterized in that it also comprises the step of circulating the water through filling devices or filling of hydraulically connected liquids each mounted in a respective cell of the cells after the determined electrolyte level for each respective electrolytic cell has been obtained.
37. 37. A method for replenishing multiple electrolytic cells of an electrolytic battery with water at a given electrolyte level, characterized in that it comprises the steps of: providing in each cell a liquid filling device having separate water inlet and outlet passages in the same and a trap that discharges to a bell system; creating a pressure differential between the water inlet and outlet passages of a first liquid filling device to cause water to pass through a water inlet passage of the first device, through its trap, through its bell system and a first electrolytic cell; forming a volume of entrapped air within the bell and trap system of the first device when the electrolyte level within the first cell reaches an open end of the bell system; pressurizing the volume of air trapped in the first device by the continuous passage of water to the first electrolytic cell; terminating the water passage to the first electrolytic cell to obtain a determined electrolyte level when the trapped air pressure is at least equal to a hydrostatic water pressure in the device, where the determined electrolyte level is obtained independently of the conditions of pressure to the outside and to circulate the water that enters the first device through its water outlet passages to a next hydraulically connected device for the replenishment and leveling of electrolyte of a following respective electrolytic cell and to continue with the circulation of the water through the hydraulically connected devices until a determined electrolyte level is obtained for each electrolytic cell.
38. 38. A device for leveling and replenishing an electrolytic cell with water, characterized in that it comprises: first and second holes for water; first and second water passages that are independent of each other, communicating with respective water holes and having lower ends under the respective water holes; a trap arranged below the first and second water passages to receive water from one of the first or second water passages, the trap includes a pair of landfills disposed therein; a bell system arranged adjacent to an outlet of the trap and having an open end adapted to direct the water passing through the trap to an electrolytic cell, where the dumps of the trap are positioned within the trap to act with the bell system to trap a volume of air in them during a leveling and replenishing operation to prevent the electrolyte in the cell from entering the trap; a heat transfer element projecting down from a portion of the device in contact with water entering the device of one of the passages, the heat transfer element is adapted to enter the electrolyte into a cell to transfer thermal energy of water inside the electrolyte trap; wherein the device terminates the flow of water to the electrolytic cell independently of the water supply pressure when the pressure of the air trapped within the trap and the bell system is at least equal to the hydrostatic pressure of the water within the trap caused by the level of water in the trap and after this diverted the flow of water through the device.
39. 39. A method for replenishing an electrolytic cell with water at a given electrolyte level and thermally conditioning the electrolyte within the cell the method is characterized in that it comprises the steps of: creating a pressure differential between a water inlet passage and a water outlet passage of a liquid filling device, causing the water to pass through a water inlet passage of the device, through a trap of the device, through a bell system of the device and to a cell electrolyte; thermally conditioning the electrolyte inside the cell by submerging a heat transfer element projecting from the device to the electrolyte inside the cell, the passage of water to the device causes the thermal energy to be conductively transferred between the water entering the device and the electrolyte; forming a volume of air trapped within the bell system and the trap when the level of the electrolyte inside the cell reaches an open end of the bell system to regulate the flow of water through the trap and prevent the electrolyte in the cell enters the cell; pressurize the volume of air trapped in the device by continuously passing water to the electrolytic cell until the trapped air pressure is at least equal to a hydrostatic pressure of the water in the device caused by the water level in the device and finish the passage of water to the electrolytic cell to obtain a determined electrolyte level when the trapped air pressure is at least equal to a hydrostatic pressure of the water in the device, where the determined electrolyte level is obtained independently of the pressure of water entering the device.