MXPA99007107A - Information communication system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is a communication system for communicating information over greater distances than otherwise possible on bidirectional media subject to interference, by reducing the interference while assuring spectral compatibility with other communication services. The system of the present invention provides symmetric data service to end users by using asymmetric signaling. In one embodiment, the present invention utilizes partially overlapped, non-symmetric baud rates and spectrally shaped transceiver filters to achieve both spectral compatibility and extended range.

Description

SYSTEM FOR THE COMMUNICATION OF INFORMATION BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to improved methods and apparatus for communicating information over long distances that would otherwise be "possible through bidirectional means subject to external energy, which tends to interfere with the reception of desired signals (" interference ") The interference includes superimposed alteration on the useful signal, which tends to obscure the information content, and cause unwanted alterations within the useful frequency band, for example, (1) alterations produced by other communication information services and (2) occurrence of unwanted energy in a signal path of a bidirectional medium as a result of coupling thereto from one or more signal paths in the medium ("crosstalk").

The signal, ie the intelligence, the message, or the effect, which must be transported by the communication system, is coupled to a bidirectional medium through a directional coupler, that is, a device in a used receiver and transmitter to separate the energy that will be transmitted from the energy that will be received, for example, a hybrid circuit, an analog echo canceller, a digital echo canceller, a frequency divider with echo cancellation, or 2 wire converter - 4 wires ("2W-4W"). The bidirectional medi may be through links by radio or through microwaves through air or outer space, or through twisted double conductors of copper wire.

In telephony, double twisted copper wire conductors are typically placed in bundles or group of 50 pairs per wire; see S.V. Ahamed, P.P. Bohn and N.L Gottfried, "A Tutorial on the Digital Transmission of Do Cables in a Loop of a Plant," IEEE Transactions and Communications, vol. COM-29, no. 11, p. 1554 (November, 1981) J. Werner, "The HDSL Environment" IEEE Magazine in the Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 9, No. 6, p. 785 (August 1991). Double twisted conductors conduct signals between a central office and a plurality of subscribers ("local bucl"). The signals transferred in double twisted copper wire conductors are susceptible not only to interfere, but also to other interferences such as thermal noise, direct current deviation (DC), tremor, intersymbolic interference ("ISI"), and the noise d quantification.

Crosstalk is generally classifiable into types, based on the location of the transmitter that interferes with reference to the bidirectional medium within which crosstalk is coupled, ie crosstalk at the near end ("NEXT") and crosstalk at the end. remote ("FEXT"). Transmitters that interfere with the signal located at the same end of the bidirectional medium as the signal receiver of interest cause near-end crosstalk, while transmitters that interfere with the signal located at the end of the bidirectional medium, away from the receiver of the signal. signal of interest, cause crosstalk in the far end. Crosstalk is subclassifiable in automatic crosstalk, that is, crosstalk coupled from transmitters to receivers of the same type, and inter-crosstalk, that is, crosstalk coupled from transmitters to receivers of different types. Starting from the point of view of the receiver of interest, the inter-crosstalk includes a _diaphony coupled outside the bidirectional medium to which the receiver of interest is connected ("crosstalk of egress").

Crosstalk becomes an annoying signal incapacitation that is increasing as a function of a frequency that increases. Interference in the twisted double conductors of copper wire may be the limiting incapacitation for symmetric transmission in a local loop. Because crosstalk on the near end coming from transmitters that interfere in the central office or at a remote location are not mitigated by the loss of transmission during the length of the bidirectional medium, near end crosstalk is potentially the dominant incapacitation of signal communication in the middle. The far end diafoní is only significant for the frequencies where the near end crosstalk is not present or is small. The far-end crosstalk is typically a less severe incapacitation than the incapacitation of near-end crosstalk, because the far-end crosstalk is attenuated by the trip over the full length of the bidirectional medium.

Conventional services in a subscriber's digital loop, such as the "BR-ISDN" or "BRI" (basic speed integrated digital service ("ISDN") network), and conventional digital high speed subscriber loop service of bits ("HDSL"), are communication systems designed to employ the symmetric transmission that cancels the echo. As a result of this, automatic NEXT is a dominant incapacitating diafonite in those systems, limiting the range of communication in the loop. This conventional digital symmetric subscriber loop ("SDSL") communication system is designed to tolerate the worst 1% of crosstalk interference from a full set of service folders of the same type. The interference due to diafoní within any of the services between BRI or HDSL from different services is a less significant incapacitation for BRI or HDSL than for automatic NEXT.

The subscriber's digital asymmetric loop conventional communication system ("ADSL"), on the other hand, which has been originated as a frequency division multiplexing communication system ("FDM"), where the signals transmitted on the bidirectional medium they do not share the same spectrum, in whole or in part. By employing bidirectional transmission in the non-overlapping bandwidth, the conventional FDM system eliminated near-end crosstalk as a limiting incapacitation range and eliminated any requirements for echo cancellation. The conventional ADSL service range is limited by the near end crosstalk that comes from different services, for example from conventional BRI and HDSL systems, and from remote end crosstalk from other conventional ADSL systems. The conventional ADSL system employs asymmetric data transmission rates, which makes the ADSL service spectrally incompatible with the IT driver, from an entry point of view as well as from an exit point of view, when the IT driver is in the same group of folders or in a group of folders adjacent to the ADSL system. It is recognized that the ANSÍ TI.413 includes an echo cancellation option for the ADSL service, but due to the asymmetry of the transmission speeds, the ADSL is widely an FDM design.

Another conventional technique for designing digital symmetric loop systems of the subscriber is the division multiplexing time or the multiplexing time of the bidirectional transmissions ("d ping-pong transmission"). The ping-pong transmission has been proposed by high-speed digital subscriber line systems ("VDSL") under the name of synchronized DMT ("SDMT"). As in the case of the FDM system, ping-pong transmission eliminates near-end crosstalk as a limiting incapacitation of the signal range; inter-crosstalk is the incapacitation that limits the services of ping-pong transmission.

Conventional FDM systems and symmetric transmission systems with echo cancellation have been proposed for the prospective HDSL driver system ("HDSL2"). The HDSL2 prospective system has the following specifications: (1) symmetric data transmission at a data transmission speed of 1,552 Mbps, which includes 1,544 Mbps for information and 8 kbps for framing and air used for maintenance and monitoring performance; (2) a marge of 5-6 dB in the presence of the worst case of crosstalk; and (3) inter-crosstalk from the HDSL2 system should not be the limiting incapacitation for existing services.

None of the conventional transmission techniques proposed to implement the HDSL2 service in the range of a telephone company's service area ("CSA") has the ability to meet these specifications of the HDSL2 system; cf. TR-28, "A Technical Report on Digital Subscriber Lines with At-Speed in Bi ts (HDSL)" prepared by Working Group T1E1.4 in Digital Subscriber Lines (February 1994) with respect to the consideration of the CSA. Although it is thought that the conventional FDM system is capable of reaching the CSA range, the FDM technique has proven to be inadequate due to the unacceptable levels of inter-crosstalk output, especially with respect to the IT driving service.

The failure of conventional techniques to achieve the CSA requirements ranges for the transmission of the HDSL2 service in a single twisted copper wire conductor with a symmetric transmission speed of 1,552 Mbps is caused by the fact that each of these Conventional techniques operates at one extreme. For the conventional symmetric system, with canceled echo, the end is the dominant incapacitation of the automatic NEXT. For the conventional FDM technique and the conventional ping-pong transmission technique, the endpoint is the dominant incapacitation of the range limitation of inter-crosstalk with respect to the different services within the same group of folders or the adjacent group of folders , although the automatic NEXT is completely eliminated.

The technology of the information communication system requires a new transmission technique to communicate information at greater distances than is otherwise possible through bidirectional means subject to interference, with techniques that do not have the disadvantages of conventional techniques .

Therefore, a main objective of the present invention is to increase the signal range of communications in bidirectional media by reducing the effects of interference.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a new signal transmission technique that reduces automatic NEXT while minimizing interference of both existing services and prospective services.

It is also another objective of the present invention to increase the range of a high-speed data transmission system for the local loop, by reducing the automatic near-end crosstalk to the inter-cross-talk level of other services.

It is still another objective of the present invention to minimize the interference of the inter-crosstalk output within the existing services, while at the same time increasing the range of the communication signal in a bidirectional medium.

SYNTHESIS OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, one of the methods for communicating information at symmetric information communication speeds in a bidirectional medium subject to interference, are characterized by the steps of: (1) transmitting the information in a plurality of bandwidths in a first direction on this medium; and (2) transmitting the information in a second plurality of bandwidths in a second direction in the middle; (3) in that the first plurality of bandwidths and the second plurality of bandwidths are partially overlapped bandwidths.

In addition, according to the present invention, a method for communicating data at symmetric data transmission speeds in a bidirectional medium subject to interference, is characterized by the steps of: (1) transmitting data in a first bandwidth in a first address in this medium, the first bandwidth has at least one pass band for this data; and (2) transmitting the data in a second bandwidth in a second direction in the middle, the second bandwidth has at least one pass band for the data; (3) where the pass bands in the first bandwidth and the second bandwidth are partially overlapped pass bands.

In yet another aspect of the present invention, a method for communicating information at symmetric rates of information transmission in a bidirectional medium subject to interference is characterized by the steps of: (1) transmitting information in a first bandwidth in a first direction over this medium; and (2) transmission of the information in a second bandwidth in a second direction in the middle; (3) where the first bandwidth and the second bandwidth are partially overlapped bandwidths.

In addition, according to the present invention, an apparatus for communicating information at symmetric rates of transmission in a bidirectional medium subject to interference is characterized by the combination of: (1) a first transmitter and receiver communicating in the middle in the first direction and the second direction; (2) a second transmitter and receiver communicating in the middle in a first direction and a second direction; (3) a first directional coupler connecting the first transmitter and receiver to the medium; (4) a second directional coupler connecting the second transmitter and receiver to the medium; the transmitter and receiver is constructed and arranged in such a way that communication with the middle of the first direction and the second direction is carried out at partially overlapped bandwidths.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 2 is an example of the spectral formation for the apparatus of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a second preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 4 is a third embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 5 represents the spectral density of energy transmitted downstream for the embodiment of Figure 4.

Figure 6 represents a spectral density of energy transmitted upstream for the embodiment of Figure 4.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Figure 1 depicts an apparatus constructed and arranged in accordance with the present invention for implementing a method for communicating information at symmetric speeds in a bidirectional medium subject to interference. According to the invention, the implemented method is characterized by the steps of: (1) transmitting the information in a first bandwidth in a first direction in the middle, the first bandwidth has at least one passband of the information; and (2) transmission of the information in a second bandwidth in a second direction in the middle, the second bandwidth has at least one pass band for the information; (3) where the pass bands in the first bandwidth and the second bandwidth are partially overlapped pass bands.

With reference to Figure 1, where an information communication system is constructed and arranged in accordance with the present invention, it is comprised of a first plurality of transmitters and receivers 100 located on site "A" to provide one or more communication services. through bidirectional means 300 to a second plurality of transmitters and receivers located in one or more "B" sites. As a form of illustration and not limitation, Figure 1 represents only one of the transmitters and receivers in site "A" and one of these transmitters and receivers in one of the "B" sites. The system of Figure 1 can be used in various service applications, for example, mobile radio communications, satellite communications and telephony. The bidirectional transmission means 300 may be any transmission medium subject to interference, for example, air, space, or twisted double conductors of copper wire. The mode of communication through the medium 300 can be full duplex or half duplex. For the average duplex operation, the present invention is more useful when a plurality of the transmitters and receivers in a site are asychronically operated.

The components to receive and transmit the first transmitter and receiver and the second transmitter and receiver 100, 200 are comprised of conventional components as required by the specific application. For mobile radio communications, a transmitter and receiver site is comprised of an equipped base station and the transmitter and receiver sites are comprised of portable transmitter and receiver equipment. See Robert G. inch, "Telecommunications Transmission Systems" (1993). The digital transmission in local loops from a central office ("downstream" site) to a plurality of subscriber sites ("upstream" site) employs transmitters and receivers comprising conventional channel coders, line coders, modulators and demodulators, EQs, precoders, decoders, and decision devices, as required by the specific application. See, S.V. Ahamed, P. P. Bohn and N. L. Gottfired, "A Tutorial on Two-Wire Transmission in the Loop Plant" IEEE Transactions in Communications, vol. COM-29, No. 11, p. 1554 (November 1981); TR-28, "A Technical Report on Digi Subscriber Lines of Al ta velo de Bi ts (HDSL)," prepared by Working Group T1E1.4 on Digital Subscriber Lines (February 1994); M. Tomlison, "New Automatic Equalizers that Employ Module Arithmetic", Electronic Charts, vol. 7, Nos. 5/6, pp. 138 (March 25, 1971); R. Price, "Equalized PAM with Nonlinear Feedback against the Capacity for Filtering Noise Channels," Proc. 1972 IEEE International Conference on Communications, p. 22-12 (June 1972); G. Ungerboeck "Channel Coding with Multiple Level / Phase Signals", IEEE Theory of Information Transactions, vol. IT-28, p. 55 (January 1982); R.W. Lucky, J. Salz and E.J. Eldon Jr., "Principles of Data Communication," (1968); A.J. Viterbi and J.K. Omura "Principles on Communications and Digital Coding," (1979); Simon Haykin, "Communication Systems," (1983); M. Schwartz, "Transmission, Modulation and Noise of Information," (4th Ed., 1993); Robert C. Winch, "Telecommunication Transmission Systems," (1993); Jacky S. Chow, Jerry C. Tu and John M. Cioffi, "A Discrete Discrete Transmitter and Receiver System with Multiple Tones for HDSL Applications," Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 9, No. 6, p. 895 (August 1991); Patent E.U. No. 5,414,733, "Feedback Decision Equalizer Employing a Fixed Ratio of Postcursor Derivation to Minimize Noise and Intersymbolic Interference in Signals Transported in a Data Service Loop at High Speed," issued to M. Turner.

Referring again to Figure 1, the information enters at symmetric signaling rates ("x bits") is provided to a first transmitter and receiver and to a second transmitter and receiver 100, 200. In accordance with the present invention, these inputs to the transmitters and receivers 100, 200 are transmitted in a medium 300 in width of partially overlapped bands fA_B and fB-A of asymmetric signaling. Additionally, according to the invention, signals transmitted in partially overlapped bandwidths are formed spectrally. The spectral formation includes the unequal transmission of energy in each of the directions and filtering, for example, the formation of the passband, the formation of the transition from a passband to at least one buffer band, and the last attenuation in the stop band. In accordance with the present invention, the spectral formation ensures compatibility with other communication services. Figure 2 represents a spectral formation for the apparatus of Figure 1.

Figure 3 represents an apparatus for implementing a method for the transmission of information at symmetric speeds over a channel subject to interference. According to the invention, the implemented method is characterized by the steps of (1) transmitting information at a baud rate in a first bandwidth in a first direction in the channel; and (2) transmitting the information at a second baud rate in a second bandwidth in a second direction in the channel, wherein the first bandwidth and the second bandwidth are partially overlapped bandwidths; (3) the spectral formation of at least one of the bandwidths; and (4) directionally couple the data to the channel.

With reference to Figure 3, the apparatus is comprised of a first plurality of transmitters and receivers 400 located at site "A" to provide one or more communication services through bidirectional means 600 to a second plurality of localized transmitting receivers 500. in one or more "B" sites. As a form of illustration and not limitation, Figure 1 represents only one of these transmitters and receivers in the "A" site and one of the transmitters and receivers in one of the "B" sites. The bidirectional means 600 is a data construction channel or link of conventional construction, for example, a plurality of twisted double conductors of copper wire. The transmitters 401 transmit information to the receivers 501 in the "B" sites through links or channels A-B of means 600; the transmitters 501 transmit to the information to the receivers 402 of the site "A" through the link or B-A channels of the means 600. The channels A-B and B-A are subject to interference.

The transmitters at sites "A" and "B" represented in Figure 3 are conventionally constructed and arranged as required by the specific application. In digital communication, transmitters 401, 501 can be configured to perform line coding, channel coding, precoding, modulation, and / or pre-equalization, as desired by specific applications. See TR-28, "A Technical Report on the High-Speed Digital Subscription Lines of Bi ts (HDSL)" prepared by Working Group T1E1.4 on the Digital Subscriber Lines (February 1994); M. Tomlinson, "New Automatic Equalizers Employing Module Arithmetic," Electronic Charts, vol. 7, Nos. 5/6, pp. 138 (March 25, 1971); R. Price, "Equalized Non Linear Feedback PAM against the Capacity for Noisy Channels with Filter," Proc. 1972 IEEE International Conference on Communications, p. 22-12 (June, 1972); G. Ungerboeck, "Channel Coding with Multiple Level / Phase Signals," IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. IT-28, p. 55 (January 1982); and the textbooks identified above.

With reference to Figure 3, the information entries (C) and (F) of the "A" site and the "B" site enter their respective transmitters 401 (TxA) and 501 (TxB) at the same speeds. In the channel address A-B, the transmitters 401 modulate the data input (C) of the site "A" within a sequence of symbols having a bandwidth BWA_B on the channel A-B. In the direction of channel B-A, transmitters 501 modulate the information input (F) of site "B" within a sequence of symbols having a bandwidth BW ^ on channel B-A. The signals in the directions A-B and B-A are directed through directional couplers 403, 503, respectively, and are therefore coupled to the means 600.

After transmission in the medium 600, the transmitted information is directed through directional couplers 503 and 403, respectively, towards the receivers. 402 (RxA) and 502 (RxB). The receivers 402, 502 are of conventional construction and arrangement, performing functions of demodulation, filtering, equalization and decoding, as required by the specific application. The resulting information outputs (D) and (E) are provided by receivers 402 and 502 at the same speed.

The communication system of the present invention may use asymmetric baud rates, or shift the symmetric baud rates, while maintaining the symmetric data rates at the "A" site and "B" site locations. The bandwidth of channel A-B, BWA.B, is chosen to be different from the bandwidth of channel B-A, BWg_A, such that the bandwidths are partially overlapped. Each of the bandwidths BWA_B and BWg.A is characterized by at least one passband and one stopband, thus allowing each of the transmitters 401 and 501 to use the correct baud rate. Because the transmissions in the medium 600 have an effect, in accordance with the present invention, in partially overlapping bandwidths, the resulting communication system makes a significant reduction in the automatic NEXT, since where the bandwidths do not overlap BWA_B and B ^, the automatic NEXT is completely eliminated. According to the present invention, when designing the amount of overlap in the bandwidths BWA_B and BW ^ and the relative levels transmitted, the automatic NEXT can not be reduced to a higher level than the interference level of the other services. In another embodiment of the present invention constructed in accordance with Figure 3, a multiple conduction transmission is used between the "A" site and the "B" sites where a plurality of bandwidths in the AB direction is arranged for partially overlapping a plurality of bandwidths in the direction AB.

The present invention uses techniques for spectral formation to shape the spectral energy density ("spectrum") of the partially overlapped bandwidths, with respect to the frequency and relative amplitudes of the partially overlapped bandwidths, the bands of step, the final attenuation in the buffer bands and the transition bands, where the transmission range is increased and the interference within other services is minimized. Through the elements of the partially overlapped bandwidths and the spectral formation, the present invention limits the interference within and from the same or different services. In the application of the present invention for the HDSL2 service, for example, the other services include but are not limited to IT, ISDN, HDSL and ADSL.

Figure 4 represents an apparatus for the implementation of a method for communicating information at a symmetric transmission speed in a bidirectional medium subject to interference. According to the present invention, the implemented method is characterized by the steps of: (1) transmitting the information in a first bandwidth in a first direction in the medium, where the first bandwidth has at least one band of step for information; and (2) transmitting the information in a second bandwidth in a second direction in the middle, the second bandwidth has at least one bandpass for the information, (3) where the band passages in the first bandwidth and in the second bandwidth are partially overlapped band passages.

As a form of illustration and not limitation, the Figure 4 represents a PAM implementation ("amplitude by pulse modulation") of the communication system of Figure 3 for the HDSL2 service. With reference to Figure 4, the transmitter and receiver 720/760 is of the type identified in Figure 3 as transmitters and receivers 400, 500. The input of information such as the "C" and "F" ("Dataln" <) inputs. data input >) is provided to the 720/760 transmitters and receivers at the speed of 1,552 Mbps through a conventional jamming device 710. The jamming apparatus 710 randomly inputs the input data. Random data is provided to the transmitter portion 720 of the 720/760 transmitters and receivers. The transmitting portion 720 is of conventional construction and may be comprised of a conventional channel encoding apparatus, such as a "trellis" encoder 721, to which the randomly entered input data is applied. The output of the trellis encoder 721 is processed by a bit-to-level mapper 722 to produce a line code that lies in a space of the PAM signal. In other embodiments of the present invention constructed in accordance with Figures 3-4, the selected line code may correspond to QAM, CAP, or DMT. If a bandpass system is used, a conventional modulator and a corresponding demodulator (not shown) can be added to the arrangement of Figure 4.

The output of the PAM signal from the bit-to-symbol mapper 722 has been previously equalized by the conventional precoder 723, for example as described in the Tomlinson and Price publications identified above. The pre-recorded signal is formed by the filter 724. Additionally, the signal produced is provided to a conventional adaptive echo canceller 730. The filter 724 has at least one passband, a transition band and a stop band as described in Figures 5 and 6. As a form of illustration and not limitation, Figure 5 represents the characteristics of the filter for transmission from a central office to a remote subscriber through the local loop 90 '0 ("downstream" transmission) and Figure 6 depicts filter characteristics for transmission through the local loop 900 from a remote subscriber to a central office ("upstream" transmission). The output signal from the transmitter filter is placed in the local loop 900 through a conventional hybrid 116.

In accordance with the present invention, the embodiments constructed and arranged in accordance with the Figures 3 and 4: (1) may omit the channel pre-coding and equalization functions described with reference to Figure 4 (b) may use a disturbing device 710 and its bit-to-symbol mapper 722 without encoding the channel, for example through of the trellis encoder 721 and the precoder 723, (c) a disturbance apparatus 710, a bit-to mapper symbol 722, channel coding can be used, for example by trellis encoder 721, omitting the precoder 723, and (d) it can use a disturbing device 710, a bit-to mapper symbol 722 and a precoder 723, omitting the coding of the channel, for example through a trellis encoder 721.

The receiver portion 760 of the receiver transmitter 720/760 is comprised of a conventional front end receiver 761 to which the transmissions in the local loop 90 are provided by a hybrid 750. The output signal of the front extremity 761 has been canceled on the echo through an adapted echo canceling 730 and provided to a conventional decision device 763, which may be a conventional trelli decoder, through a conventional adaptive shift register equalizer 762. In operation, the decision device 763 decodes its input signal, providing an output signal to the conventional wake-up device 770. The wake-up output 770 is comprised of the information output D, F ("Data Out" <output data>) at a symmetric speed of 1,552 Mbps.

In the PAM embodiment of the present invention described with reference to Figures 3-6, the information is transmitted downstream in a bandwidth of 1.03467 MHZ, while the information is transmitted upstream in a bandwidth of 620.8. kHz The use of partially overlapped bandwidths allows the reduction of the automatic NEXT generated by the HDSL2 service to interference levels attributable to other services.

Additionally according to the invention, in the PAM embodiment, the downstream and upstream signals are spectrally formed by transmission filters 724. The spectral formation of the transmitted energy spectral densities (pass bands, stop bands and bands) of transition) for the PAM embodiment of the HDSL2 service represented in Figures 5 and 6 ensure spectral compatibility with other services in the same groups of folders or in adjacent folder groups.

According to the PAM embodiment of the present invention, the combination of the partially overlapped bandwidths and the spectral formation produces the results shown hereinafter in Tables 1 through 7 and A. Tables 1, 2 and A show margins, that is, the excess of the received signal with interference ratios ("SNR") over what is required for an error rate of 1 / 10,000,000 in the SCA 4 and SCA 6 loops of the central office. The margins are shown in the Tables for the various combinations of known interferences.

Tables 3 to 7 show the margins performed by other services in the presence of egress inter-crosstalk from the PAM embodiment for the HDSL2 of the present invention. The margins in the presence of the other interferences are provided to show that the crosstalk attributable to the PAM embodiment does not significantly exceed the crosstalk caused by the other interferences.

In some service situations on the local loop 900 (not referenced), where no ADSL system is present, it may be desirable to reverse the narrowband and broadband signals, such that the narrow bandwidth it is used in the downstream direction and the width of the broadband is used in the upstream direction. Additionally, in this embodiment, the communication system of the present invention can be constructed and arranged in such a way that the transmitters are automatically exchanged between the upstream and downstream directions upon sensing an interference level that exceeds a predetermined level. previously selected.

The following Table is a detailed summary of the specifications of a transmitter for the HDSL2 PAM embodiments described with reference to Figures 3-6.

Downstream Transmitter (DT): normally located on the O Power transmission: 9.7 dBm Max PSD: -44.09 dBm / Hz PSD: See Figure 5 Baud rate: 1.03467 MHZ Constellation size: 2 bits / dimension Information speed: 1.5 bits / dimension Upstream Transmitter (US): normally located in RT Power transmission: 14.7 dBm Max PSD: -38.0 dBm / Hz PSD: See Figure 6 Baud rate: 620.8 MHZ Constellation size: 3 bits / dimension Information speed: 2.5 bits / dimension The following is a summary of the system performance and the spectral compatibility of the PAM embodiment form described with reference to Figure 4 and the presence of the following interferences: ANSI TR-28 HDSL ANSI TI.601 DSL, ANSI TI.413 DMT ADSL (both with echo cancellation ("EC") and FDM options), and CAP / QAM RADSL (T1E1.4 / 95-107) to calculate the relationship between signal and noise ("SNR") that was mapped analytically towards the possibility of symbol error.

When evaluating the performance of the PAM embodiment and presence of other service interferences, the values to be encoded from the margin for 10"7 the error rates are calculated assuming that this error rate can be achieved with an SNR of 18. 5 dB for the downstream receiver ("DS") and 24.5 dB for the upstream receiver ("US"). Simulations of trellis-coded modulation techniques suitable for decoding sequentially show that the error rate of 10"7 can be achieved in a SNR of 13.4 dB for the downstream receiver and 19.6 dB for the upstream receiver. See i T1E1. 4 / 97-072 Both are uncoded margins and coded in the most difficult loops, CSA 6 (9 kft 26 AWG) and CSA 4 are shown in Tables 1 and 2 for the upstream and downstream links respectively Tables 1 and 2 show that 5dB of the coded theoretical margin is achieved in CSA 6 and the coded margin 6dB is achieved for both loops for all interferences, except EC ADSL.

Table 1: Theoretical Margins of the US Link (receiver in the central office) Table 2: Theoretical Margins of the DS Link (receiver at the remote site) The simulation procedure used to calculate the performance data is described in T1E1.4 / 95-107. The NEXT coupling model is described in T1E1.4 / 96-036. The FEXT coupling model is extrapolated from this in TI.413 using the N06 scale adopted from NEXT. The NEXT and FEXT spectra are summed together with -140 dBm / Hz of white noise to obtain the spectrum composed of crosstalk. The loop models use the interpolation of the primary constants to obtain the values lost in the frequencies that are not tabulated and TI.601. The trapezoid question was used with 500 points in the Nyquist band.

The densities that interfere in the energy spectrum ("PSD") for EC and FDM ADSL are used in that from B. and B.5 in TI.413 by removing the term sine (x) / (x) to allow the PSD equalize the PSD transmission mask in the same specification. In addition, in the case of FDM, the angular frequency of HPF increases from 20 to 120 kHz. The interferences of the PSDs for CAP / QAM RADSL are those described in Tables 6 and 6 of T1E1.4 / 96-170 Rl; see also T1E1.4 / 96-107.

The TI.413 ADSL standard allows a great flexibility in the implementation of the conductor allocation. In Table 2, the ends are represented (1) using all the available conductors for the downstream address that is only implementable with the cancellation option. echo, and (2) using only conductors 40 and higher for the downstream direction. The ADSL PSD model for option 1 is fixed -40 dBm / Hz filtered with a HPF Butter orth of 4o. order with an angular frequency of 20 KHz. The PSD for option 2 is the same, but with the angular frequency moved to 120 kHz. Since the lower edge of ADSL PSD downstream, even for systems with echo cancellation, it is not required that it be at 20 kHz, the performance of the apparatus constructed and arranged according to the present invention with different number of interferences (" disturbing ") ADSL is examined while the angular frequency HPF is moved between 20 and 120 kHz. The results are shown in Table A in order to increase the number of disturbances and angular frequencies. In Table 1, it can be seen that 5dB of the coded margin can be achieved by either (a) 25, 20kHz disturber; (b) disturber 39, 40 kHz; or disturber 49, with an angular frequency of 45 kHz. In addition, about 7 dB of the encoded range can be achieved with any of (d) disturbance 25, 50 kHz angular frequency; (e) disturbance 39, 70kHz angular frequency; or (f) disturbance 49, 80 kHz angular frequency.

The PAM embodiment has been designed to have minimal interference within other services. Tables 4 to 7 show the impacts on the other service resulting from the deployment of the PAM embodiment Table 3 shows the theoretical margin for HDSL and the presence of automatic NEXT and NEXT / FEXT of the form d for CSA of loops 4 and 6. In Table 3, s can observe that the interference caused by the form d Performing PAM is almost the same as that caused by automatic NEX of the HDSL disturber. Margins are calculated using the simulation method described above.

Table 3 HDSL Theoretical Margin Table 4 shows the theoretical margins for EX-DMT ADSL downstream in the presence of automatic NEXT / FEXT, or NEXT / FEXT from the PAM embodiment, and from HDSL NEXT. The analysis (described in T1E1.4 / 95-137) assumes a PSD transmission in accordance with TI.413, no power explosion (-40 dBm / Hz nominal), bona 4 dB coding, trellis coding (constellations of half bit), and conductors 7 and higher are used for downstream transmission.

Table 4 Theoretical Margin of 4 EC (Category 2) DMT-ADSL Current Down Table 5 shows the theoretical margins for FDM-DMT ADSL downstream in the presence of NEXT automatic / FEXT, of NEXT / FEXT from the PAM embodiment, and of HDS NEXT. The analysis (similar to that of T1E1.4 / 95-137, but with an integrated uncoded bit-constellation) assumes a PSD transmission according to TI.413, without power explosion (-40 dBm / Hz nominal), the gain of the coding 2dB RS, if coding trellis, and that the conductors 40 and above are used for the downstream transmission.

The PAM embodiment is not a limiting incapacitation for TI.413 Upstream. This is because the transmitter downstream of the PAM form has a lower PSD than HDSL at all frequencies below 200 KHz, as. { i that less crosstalk is received from the PAM embodiment than from the HDSL crosstalk.

Table 6 shows the theoretical margin calculated for CAP / QAM 256 UC TDSL (1,088 k baud, Req SNR = 33.8 dB) without energy explosion at 8100 ft 26 A G. (the range of the 6 dB margin published in T1E1 .4 / 96-170R1 - Table 26) for a variety of interferences. The margins are calculated using the simulation method described above with a PSD transmission according to Table 6 of T1E1.4 / 96-170R1.

Table 6 Theoretical Margin of VAP / QAM RADSL Current Down The embodiment is not a limiting incapacitation of CAP / QAM RADSL upstream. This is because the transmitter downstream of the PAM embodiment has a PSD lower than HDSL at all frequencies below 20 KHz, less crosstalk is received from the PAM embodiment of the HDSL service.

Because the PSD of the embodiment PA is smaller than that of the DSL at all frequencies within the DSL bandwidth, the crosstalk of the embodiment of PA is a lower incapacitation for DSL than automatic crosstalk.

Table 7 shows the computed powers for crosstalk noise in the IT systems for both automatic crosstalk and crosstalk of the PAM embodiment and the HDSL systems. The adjacent folder group NEXT has attenuated the crosstalk coupling function to 10 dB at all frequencies. The length of the line used for FEXT is 3000 ft of 24 A G. The power of the formed noise assumes the use of the TI reception filter measured for a loop of 15 dB (3 kft 24 AWG) (as described in T1E1.4 / 97-071).

Table 7. TI Receipt of Noise Power The NEXT and FEXT interference generated by the PAM services acting as interference have lower NEXT / FEXT power than the same number of IT services acting as interferences. With the formation of the TI reception filter measured, the difference is even more pronounced. Therefore, the PAM embodiment does not interfere with the IT service other than as the IT service interferes with itself.

This is how I have described the novel methods and apparatus for communicating information in a bidirectional medium subject to interference.

Although the present invention has been described in connection with the particular embodiments thereof, it should be understood that the embodiments, modifications, and additional applications of this, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art, will be they include within the spirit and scope of the present invention. Although I have disclosed particular embodiments of the present invention, variations are provided in the detail of procedure and structure within the scope of the appended claims that are within the ability of people ordinarily trained in communications technology, are possible, and I have contemplated them. I do not intend to limit the scope of the claims annexed to the summary of the invention or to the exact disclosure presented in this document.

Claims (126)

CLAIMS;
1. l.A method to communicate information at symmetric information communication speeds in a bidirectional medium subject to interference, the method is characterized by the steps of: (1) transmitting this information to a plurality of bandwidths in a first direction in the middle; Y (2) transmitting the information to a second plurality of bandwidths in a second direction of the medium; (3) wherein the first plurality of bandwidths and the second plurality of bandwidths are partially overlapped bandwidths.
2. 2. A method to communicate information at a symmetric speed of communication of information in a bidirectional medium subject to crosstalk, the method is characterized by the steps of: (1) transmission of the information in a first plurality of bandwidths in a first direction in the middle; and (2) transmitting the information in a second plurality of bandwidths in a second direction in the middle; (3) where the first plurality of bandwidths and the second plurality of bandwidths are partially overlapped bandwidth.
3. 3. A method for communicating data at symmetric speeds of data transmission in a bidirectional medium subject to interference, the method is characterized by the steps of: (1) transmission of the data in a first bandwidth in a first direction of the medium, this first bandwidth has at least one bandwidth for the data; (2) transmission of data in a second bandwidth in a second direction on the medium, this second bandwidth has at least one pass band for this data; (3) where the pass bands in the first bandwidth and the second bandwidth are partially overlapped pass bands.
4. 4. A method to communicate data at a symmetric speed of data transmission in a bidirectional medium subject to crosstalk, the method is characterized by the steps of: (1) transmission of this data in a first bandwidth in a first direction in this medium, where this first bandwidth has at least one passband for these data; Y (2) transmitting the data at a second bandwidth in a second direction on the medium, where the second bandwidth has at least one bandwidth for these data; (3) where the passband in the first bandwidth and the second bandwidth are partially overlapped pass bands.
5. 5. A method to communicate information at symmetric speeds of information transmission in a bidirectional medium subject to interference, the method is characterized by the steps of: (1) transmission of the information in a first bandwidth in a first direction in this medium; and (2) transmission of the information in a second bandwidth in a second direction in this medium; (3) where the first bandwidth and the second bandwidth are partially overlapped bandwidths.
6. 6. A method to communicate information at symmetric speeds of information transmission in a bidirectional medium subject to crosstalk, the method is characterized by the steps of: (1) transmission of the information in a first bandwidth in a first direction in the middle; Y (2) transmission of the information in a second bandwidth in a second direction in the middle; (3) where the first bandwidth and the second bandwidth are partially overlapped bandwidths.
7. 7. A method, as claimed in any of clauses 1, 2, 5, 6 or 129, further characterized by the step of the directional coupling of the information to the aforementioned means.
8. 8. A method for transmitting data at symmetric speed of data transmission in a subject interference channel, where the method is characterized by the steps of (1) transmission of data at a first speed and baud in a first bandwidth in a first direction in this channel; Y (2) transmission of data at a second speed and baud in a second bandwidth in a second direction in the channel; (3) where the first bandwidth and the second bandwidth are partially overlapped bandwidths
9. 9. A method for the transmission of data symmetric speeds of data transmission in a channel subject to crosstalk, the method is characterized by the steps of: (1) transmission of data at a first baud rate in a first bandwidth in a first direction in the channel, - and (2) transmission of data at a second speed and baud in a second bandwidth in a second direction in the channel; (3) where the first bandwidth and the second bandwidth are partially overlapped bandwidths.
10. 10. A method to transmit data at symmetric rates of data transmission in a channel subject to crosstalk, where the method is characterized by the steps of: (1) transmission of the data at a first baud rate in a first bandwidth in a first direction in the channel, simultaneously (2) transmission of the data at a second baud rate in a second bandwidth in a second direction in the channel; (3) where the first bandwidth and the second bandwidth are partially overlapped bandwidths.
11. 11. The method, as claimed in any of clauses 8, 9 or 10, characterized in that the first baud rate differs in magnitude from the second baud rate.
12. 12. A method for transmitting data at a symmetric data transmission rate in a channel subject to crosstalk, where the method is characterized by the steps of: (1) transmitting the data at a first signaling rate in a first bandwidth in a first address on the channel; Y (2) transmit data at a second signaling speed in a second bandwidth in a second direction in the channel; (3) where the first bandwidth and the second bandwidth are partially overlapped bandwidths.
13. 13. The method, as claimed in clause 12, characterized in that the first signaling speed differs in magnitude from the second signaling speed.
14. 14. A method, as claimed in any of clauses 8 to 12, or 13, characterized further by the step of directionally coupling the data to the channel.
15. 15. A method for transmitting data at a symmetric rate of data transmission in a channel subject to crosstalk, where the method is characterized by the steps of: (1) transmitting data at a first speed and baud in a first bandwidth in a first address on the channel; Y (2) data transmission at a second speed and baud in a second bandwidth in a second direction in the channel, where the first bandwidth and the second bandwidth are partially overlapped bandwidths (3) where one of the bandwidths is spectrally given to at least one of the bandwidths; Y (4) where the data is directionally coupled to the channel
16. 16. The method, as claimed in clause 15, characterized in that the first baud rate differs in magnitude from the second baud rate.
17. 17. The method, as claimed in clause 15, characterized in that the spectral shape is understood to give shape to the pass band.
18. 18. The method, as claimed in clause 15, characterized in that the spectral shape is understood to give shape to the transition from a pass band to at least one stop band.
19. 19. The method, as claimed in any of clauses 15 or 16, characterized in that the spectral shape is comprised of providing unequal transmit power in the directions, shaping the passage band, shaping the stop band and Shape the transition from a pass band to at least one stop band.
20. 20. An apparatus for communicating the information symmetric transition speeds in a bidirectional medium subject to interference, where the apparatus is characterized by the combination of: (l) a first transmitter and receiver communicating in the middle in a first direction and in a second direction; (2) a second transmitter and receiver communicating in the middle in a first direction and a second address; (3) a first directional coupler connecting the first transmitter and receiver to the medium; (4) a second directional coupler connecting the second transmitter and receiver to the medium; where these receivers and transmitters are constructed arranged in such a way that the communications in the middle in the first direction and the second direction are carried out in partially overlapped bandwidths.
21. 21. An apparatus for communicating information symmetric transmission speeds in a bidirectional medium subject to crosstalk, where the apparatus is characterized by the combination of: (l) a first transmitter and receiver that communicated in the middle in a first direction and in a second direction (2) a second transmitter and receiver that communicates in the middle in a first direction and a second direction. (3) a first directional coupler connecting the first transmitter and receiver with the medium; (4) a second directional coupler connecting the second transmitter and receiver to the medium; These transmitters and receivers are constructed and arranged such that the communication in the middle in the first direction and the second direction are carried out in partially overlapped bandwidths.
22. 22. The apparatus for communicating information at symmetric transmission speeds in a bidirectional medium subject to interference, where the apparatus is characterized by the combination of: (l) a first transmitter and receiver that transmits information in a first bandwidth in a first direction in the medium; (2) a second transmitter and receiver that transmits the information in a second bandwidth in a second direction in the middle; (3) a first directional coupler connecting the first transmitter and receiver to the medium; (4) a second directional coupler connecting the second transmitter and receiver to the medium; wherein the transmitters and receivers are constructed and arranged in such a way that the first bandwidth and the second bandwidth are partially overlapped bandwidths.
23. 23. An apparatus for communicating information at symmetric transmission speeds in a bidirectional medium subject to crosstalk, where the apparatus is characterized by the combination of: (l) a first transmitter and receiver that transmits information in a bandwidth in a first direction in the medium; (2) a second transmitter and receiver that transmits information in a second bandwidth in a second direction in the middle; (3) a first directional coupler connecting the first transmitter and receiver with the medium; (4) a second directional coupler connecting the second transmitter and receiver with the medium; where these transmitters and receivers are constructed and arranged in such a way that the first bandwidth and the second bandwidth are partially overlapped bandwidths.
24. 24. The apparatus for transmitting data at symmetric rates of transmission in a channel subject to interference, wherein the apparatus is characterized by the combination of: (l) a first transmitter and receiver communicating in the channel in the first direction and the second direction; (2) a second transmitter and receiver that communicates on the channel at the first address and the second address; (3) a first directional coupler that is connected to the first transmitter and receiver to the channel; (4) a second directional coupler connecting the second transmitter and receiver to the channel; where these transmitters and receivers are constructed arranged in such a way that the first direction and the second direction are carried out in partially overlapped bandwidths.
25. 25. The apparatus for transmitting data at symmetric transmission speeds in a channel subject to crosstalk, where the apparatus is characterized by the combination of: (l) a first transmitter and receiver communicating in the channel in a first direction and a second address: (2) a second transmitter and receiver communicating with the channel in a first direction and a second direction; (3) a first directional coupler connecting the first transmitter and receiver to the channel; (4) a second directional coupler connecting the second transmitter and receiver to the channel; where the transmitters and receivers are constructed and arranged in such a way that the data transmission in the channel in the first direction and the second direction are carried out in partially overlapped bandwidths.
26. 26. An apparatus for transmitting data at symmetric transmission speeds in a channel subject to interference, where the apparatus is characterized by the combination of: (l) a first transmitter and receiver that transmits data in the channel in a first bandwidth in a first direction; - (2) a second transmitter and receiver that transmits data in the channel in a second bandwidth in a second direction; (3) a first directional coupler connecting the first transmitter and receiver to the channel; (4) a second directional coupler connecting the second transmitter and receiver to the channel; where the transmitters and receivers are constructed and arranged in such a way that the first bandwidth and the second bandwidth are partially overlapped bandwidths.
27. 27. An apparatus for transmitting data at symmetric transmission speeds in a channel subject to crosstalk, where the apparatus is characterized by the combination of: (l) a first transmitter and receiver that transmits data in the channel in a first bandwidth in a first direction; (2) a second transmitter and receiver that transmits data in the channel in a second bandwidth in a second direction, - (3) a first directional coupler connecting the first transmitter and receiver to the channel; (4) a second directional coupler connecting the second transmitter and receiver to the channel; where the transmitters and receivers are constructed arranged in such a way that the first bandwidth and the second bandwidth are partially overlapped bandwidths.
28. 28. The apparatus, as claimed in any of clauses 20 to 26 or 27, characterized in that a first spectral energy transmission density characterizes the second transmitter and receiver.
29. 29. The apparatus, as claimed in any of clauses 22 or 23, characterized in that: (l) the first transmitter and receiver transmits the information by elements of a first signal in a first bandwidth; Y (2) the second transmitter and receiver transmits the information by elements of a second signal in the second bandwidth.
30. 30. The apparatus, as claimed in any of clauses 26 or 27, characterized in that: (l) the first transmitter and receiver transmit the data through elements of a first signal in the first bandwidth; (2) the second transmitter and receiver transmit the data through elements of a second signal in the second bandwidth.
31. 31. The apparatus, as claimed in clause 29, characterized in that the signals lie in a n-dimensional signal space.
32. 32. The apparatus, as claimed in clause 30, characterized in that the signals lie in a n-dimensional signal space.
33. 33. The apparatus, as claimed in clause 29, characterized in that the signals are impulse signals of modulated amplitude.
34. 34. The apparatus, as claimed in clause 30, characterized in that the signals are impulse signals of modulated amplitude.
35. 35. The apparatus, as claimed in clause 29, characterized in that the signals are quadrature signals of modulated amplitude.
36. 36. The apparatus, as claimed in clause 30, characterized in that the signals are quadrature signals of modulated amplitude.
37. 37. The apparatus, as claimed in clause 29, characterized in that the signals are not AM / PM modulated conductors.
38. 38. The apparatus, as claimed in clause 30, characterized in that the signals are not AM / PM modulated conductors.
39. 39. The apparatus, as claimed in clause 29, characterized in that the signals are discrete modulated signals of multiple tones.
40. 40. The apparatus, as claimed in clause 29, characterized in that the signals are discrete modulated signals of multiple tones.
41. 41. The apparatus, as claimed in clause 29, characterized in that the signals are signal modulated milticonductoras.
42. 42. The apparatus, as claimed in clause 30, characterized in that the signals are multiconductor modulated signals.
43. 43. The apparatus, as claimed in clause 29, characterized in that the signals are disturbing.
44. 44. The apparatus, as claimed in clause 30, characterized in that the signals are disturbing.
45. 45. The apparatus, as claimed in clause 29, characterized in that each of the transmitters and -receptors are comprised of a line encoder.
46. 46. The apparatus, as claimed in clause 30, characterized in that each of the transmitters and receivers are comprised of a line encoder.
47. 47. The apparatus, as claimed in clause 29, characterized in that each of the transmitters and receivers are comprised of a channel encoder.
48. 48. The apparatus, as claimed in clause 30, characterized in that each of the receiver transmitters is comprised of a channel encoder.
49. 49. The apparatus, as claimed in clause 47, characterized in that the channel encoders co convulsive encoders.
50. 50. The apparatus, as claimed in clause 48, characterized in that the channel encoders are convulsive coders.
51. 51. The apparatus, as claimed in clause 47, characterized in that the channel encoders or trellis encoders.
52. 52. The apparatus, as claimed in clause 48, characterized in that the encoders or trellis encoders.
53. 53. The apparatus, as claimed in clause 29, characterized in that each of the receiver transmitters comprises a pre-equalizer.
54. 54. The apparatus, as claimed in clause 30, characterized in that each of the receiver transmitters is comprised of a pre-equalizer.
55. 55. The apparatus, as claimed in clause 53, characterized in that the pre-equalizers or pre-encoders.
56. 56. The apparatus, as claimed in clause 54, characterized in that the pre-equalizers are precoders.
57. 57. The apparatus, as claimed in clause 29, characterized in that each of the transmitters and receivers are comprised of a receiver front end.
58. 58. The apparatus, as claimed in clause 30, characterized in that each of the transmitters and receivers are comprised of a receiver front end.
59. 59. The apparatus, as claimed in clause 29, characterized in that each of the transmitters and receivers are comprised of an equalizer adapted for forward feeding.
60. 60. The apparatus, as claimed in clause 30, characterized in that each of the transmitting receivers is comprised of an equalizer d adapted forward feeding.
61. 61. The apparatus, as claimed in clause 29, characterized in that each of the transmitters and receivers are comprised of a decision device.
62. 62. The apparatus, as claimed in clause 30, characterized in that each of the transmitters and receivers are comprised of a decision device.
63. 63. The apparatus, as claimed in clause 61, characterized in that the decision devices are soft decision decoders.
64. 64. The apparatus, as claimed in clause 62, characterized in that the decision devices are soft decision decoders.
65. 65. The apparatus, as claimed in clause 61, characterized in that the decision devices are hard decision decoders.
66. 66. The apparatus, as claimed in clause 62, characterized in that the decision devices are hard decision decoders.
67. 67. The apparatus, as claimed in clause 61, characterized in that the decision devices are Viterbi decoders.
68. 68. The device, such. and as claimed in clause 62, characterized in that the decision devices are Viterbi decoders.
69. 69. The apparatus, as claimed in clause 61, characterized in that the decision devices are apparatus for making elements.
70. 70. The apparatus, as claimed in clause 62, characterized in that the decision devices are apparatus for making elements.
71. 71. The apparatus, as claimed in clause 29, characterized in that each of the receiver transmitters is comprised of a feedback filter D adapted.
72. 72. The apparatus, as claimed in clause 30, characterized in that each of the receiver transmitters is comprised of an adapted feedback filter DF.
73. 73. The apparatus, as claimed in clause 29, characterized in that each μno of the transmitting receivers is comprised of a channel encoder, and pre-equalizer, a line encoder, a front-end receiver, a forward-feeding equalizer. , and your decision device.
74. 74. The apparatus, as claimed in clause 30, characterized in that each of the transmitting receivers comprises a channel encoder, and pre-equalizer, a line encoder, a front-end receiver, a power equalizer to forward, and your decision device.
75. 75. The method, as claimed in any of clauses 5 or 6, characterized in that they also comprise the steps of: (1) transmission of information in the first bandwidth through elements of a first signal; and (2) transmission of information on the second bandwidth through ~ elements of a second signal.
76. 76. The method, as claimed in any of clauses 3 or 4, characterized in that they also comprise the steps of: (1) data transmission in the first bandwidth through elements of a first signal; Y (2) data transmission in the second bandwidth through elements of a second signal.
77. 77. The method, as claimed in clause 75, characterized by the line coding step where the signals lie in a n-dimensional signal space.
78. 78. The method, as claimed in clause 76, further characterized by the coding step d line where the signals lie in a n-dimensional signal space.
79. 79. The method, as claimed in clause 75, further characterized by the step of encoding the signals where the signals are impulse signals of modulated amplitude.
80. 80. The method, as claimed in clause 76, further characterized by the step of encoding the signals where the signals are pulse signals of modulated amplitude.
81. 81. The method, as claimed in clause 75, further characterized by the step of encoding the signals where the signals are amplitude-modulated quadrature signals.
82. 82. The method, as claimed in clause 76, further characterized by the step of encoding the signals where the signals are amplitude-modulated quadrature signals.
83. 83. The method, as claimed in clause 75, further characterized by the coding step d of the signals, where the signals are not conductive modulated AM / PM signals.
84. 84. The method, as claimed in clause 76, further characterized by the coding step d of the signals, where the signals are not conductive modulated AM / PM signals.
85. 85. The method, as claimed in clause 75, further characterized by the coding step of the line, wherein the signals are discrete modulated signals of multiple tones.
86. 86. The method, as claimed in clause 76, further characterized by the step of coding the line, where the signals are discrete modulated signals of multiple tones.
87. 87. The method, as claimed in clause 75, further characterized by the line coding step, wherein the signals are multiconductor modulated signals.
88. 88. The method, as claimed in clause 76, further characterized by the line coding step, wherein the signals are multiconductor modulated signals.
89. 89. The method, as claimed in clause 75, further characterized by the step of disturbing these signals.
90. 90. The method, as claimed in clause 76, further characterized by the step of disturbing these signals.
91. 91. The method, as claimed in clause 75, further characterized by the step of coding the signal line.
92. 92. The method, as claimed in clause 76, further characterized by the step of coding the signal line.
93. 93. The method, as claimed in clause 74, further characterized by the step of coding the channel of the signals.
94. 94. The method, as claimed in clause 76, further characterized by the step of coding the channel of the signals.
95. 95. The method, as claimed in clause 93, characterized in that the coding of the channel d signals is affected by the passage of convulsive coding.
96. 96. The method, as claimed in clause 94, characterized in that the coding of the channel d signals is affected by the passage of convulsive coding.
97. 97. The method, as claimed in clause 93, characterized in that the channel coding of the signals are enforced through the codification step trellis.
98. 98. The method, as claimed in clause 94, characterized in that the channel coding of the signals are enforced through the encoding step trellis.
99. 99. The method, as claimed in clause 75, further characterized by the step of previously equalizing the signals.
100. 100. The method, as claimed in clause 76, further characterized by the step of pre-equalizing the signals.
101. 101. The method, as claimed in clause 99, characterized in that the pre-equalization of the signals takes effect through precoding.
102. 102. The method, as claimed in clause 100, characterized in that the pre-equalization of the signals is enforced by the precoding.
103. 103. The apparatus, as claimed in any of clauses 20-26 or 27, characterized in that a second spectral energy transmission density s characterized in that the second transmitter and receiver are exchanged with a first transmitter spectral density d energy characterizing the first transmitter and receiver.
104. 104. The apparatus, as claimed in clause 28, characterized in that the first energy transmission spectra density is automatically exchanged with the second energy spectral density.
105. 105. The apparatus, as claimed in clause 103, characterized in that the second energy transmission spectra density is automatically exchanged with the first spectral energy transmission density.
106. 106. The method, as claimed in any of clauses 1-6 or 7, further characterized by the step of exchanging a first spectral density d energy transmission characterizing the first transmitter receiver with a second spectral density of transmission d energy that characterizes the second transmitter and receiver.
107. 107. The method, as claimed in any of clauses 1-6 or 7, further characterized by the step of exchanging a second spectral density d energy transmission characterizing the second transmitter receiver with a first spectral density of transmission d energy that characterizes the first transmitter and receiver.
108. 108. The method, as claimed in clause 106, characterized in that the exchange of the first spectral energy transmission density with the second spectral energy transmission density was done automatically.
109. 109. The method, as claimed in clause 107, characterized in that the exchange of the second spectral density of energy transmission with the first spectral energy transmission density was done automatically.
110. 110. The method, as claimed in clause 15, characterized in that the spectral formation comprises the formation of a stop band.
111. 111. A method for communicating information symmetric transmission speeds in a bidirectional medium subject to interference, where the method is characterized by the steps of: (1) transmitting the information in a first bandwidth in a first direction in the middle, this first bandwidth has at least one pass band for the data; Y (2) transmission of information in a second bandwidth in a second direction of the medium, the second bandwidth has at least one pass band for the data. (3) where the passband in the first bandwidth and the second bandwidth are partially overlapped bands.
112. 112. The apparatus, as claimed in any of clauses 20-26 or 27, characterized in that the partially overlapped bandwidths have at least one spectrally formed passage band.
113. 113. The apparatus, as claimed in any of clauses 20-26 or 27, characterized in that the partially overlapped bandwidths have at least one spectrally formed stop band.
114. "114. The apparatus, as claimed in any of clauses 20-26, or 27, characterized in that the partially overlapped bandwidths have at least one transition band formed spectrally.
115. 115. The apparatus, as claimed in any of clauses 20-26 or 27, characterized in that the partially overlapped bandwidths have at least one spectrally formed stop band, a spectrally formed bandpass and a formed transition band. spectrally.
116. 116. The method, as claimed in any of clauses 3 or 4, further characterized by the step of directionally coupling these data to the medium.
117. 117. The method, as claimed in clause 15, characterized in that a spectral formation comprises providing unequal transmission energy in those directions.
118. 118. A method for communicating information symmetric information communication rates in a bidirectional medi-subject to interference, the method is characterized by the steps of: (1) transmitting the information in a first plurality of the bandwidths in a first direction in the middle; Y (2) transmitting the information in a second plurality of bandwidths in a second direction in the middle; (3) wherein at least one of the selected bandwidths of the first plurality of bandwidths and at least one selected bandwidth of the second plurality of bandwidths are partial or fully overlapped bandwidths and furthermore where not all of the first and second plurality of bandwidths are fully overlapped.
119. 119. A method to communicate information at symmetric speeds of information communication in a bidirectional medium subject to crosstalk, where the method is characterized by the steps of: (1) transmission of the information in a first plurality of bandwidths in a first direction in the middle; and (2) transmitting the information in a second plurality of bandwidths in the second direction in the middle; (3) where at least one bandwidth e selected from the first plurality of bandwidths and at least one width of. The band is selected from the second plurality of bandwidths and which are partial or fully overlapped bandwidths and in addition where not all of the first and second plurality of bandwidths are fully overlapped.
120. 120. A method for communicating data at symmetric speeds of data transmission in a bidirectional medium subject to interference, the method is characterized by the steps of: (1) transmitting the data at a first bandwidth in a first direction in the medium, where the first bandwidth has at least one pass band formed spectrally for these data; Y (2) transmitting the data at a second bandwidth in a second direction in the medium, where the second bandwidth has at least one bandwidth spectrally for this data. (3) where the pass bands in the first band width and the second band width are partially overlapped pass bands.
121. 121. A method for communicating data at symmetric speed of data transmission in a medium bidirectional subject to crosstalk, where the method is characterized by the steps of: (1) transmitting the data at a first bandwidth in a first direction in the medium, where the first bandwidth has at least one pass band formed spectrally for these data; Y (2) transmission of the data at a second bandwidth in a second direction in the medium, where the second bandwidth has at least one bandwidth spectrally formed for these data; (3) where the pass bands in the first band width and in the second band width are partially overlapped bands.
122. 122. A method to communicate information at symmetric speeds of information transmission in a bidirectional medium subject to interference, the method is characterized by the steps of: (1) transmission of the information in a first bandwidth formed spectrally in a first direction in the middle; Y (2) transmission of the information in a second bandwidth spectrally in a second direction in the middle; (3) where the first bandwidth and the second bandwidth are partially overlapped bandwidths.
123. 123. A method to communicate information symmetric speeds of information transmission in a bi-directional medium subject to crosstalk, where the method is characterized by the steps of: (1) transmitting the information in a first bandwidth formed spectrally in a first direction in the middle; Y (2) transmission of information in a second bandwidth formed spectrally in a second direction in the middle; (3) where the first bandwidth and the second bandwidth are partially overlapped bandwidths
124. 124. A method, as claimed in any of clauses 1, 2, 5 or 6, further characterized by the step of directionally coupling the information in the medium
125. 125. A method for transmitting data at symmetric speed of data transmission in a subject interference channel, where the method is characterized by the steps of (1) transmission of the data at a first baud rate in a first bandwidth formed spectrally in a first direction in the channel; Y (2) transmission of data at a second baud rate in a second bandwidth spectrally formed in a second direction in the channel; (3) where the first bandwidth and the second bandwidth are partially overlapped bandwidths
126. 126. A method for data transmission symmetric speeds for data transmission in a wire subject to crosstalk, where the method is characterized by the steps of: (1) transmitting the data at a first baud rate in a first formed bandwidth spectrally in a first direction in the channel; Y (2) transmission of the data at a second baud rate in a spectrally formed bandwidth in a second direction in the channel, where the first bandwidth and the second bandwidth are partially overlapped bandwidths; Y (3) Directionally coupling the data to the channel. SUMMARY The present invention is a communication system for communicating information over long distances that would otherwise be possible in bi-directional media subject to interference, by reducing interference, while ensuring spectral compatibility with other communication services. The system of the present invention provides a symmetric data service to the end users to use asymmetric signaling, in one of the embodiments, the present invention uses symmetric n-speed in partially overlapping bauds and spectrally formed transmitter and receiver filters to achieve so the spectral compatibility as the range of greatest amplitude.