MXPA99007010A - Method of construction of a boveda, piece of containment and half helmet for construction of the bov - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method of construction of a vault, in which at least two half-helmets (1-8; 60) are joined to be supported therebetween by at least two containment pieces (30, 50; ) that are spliced and each half shell (1-8; 60) comprises an upper edge (21; 61) and a lower flange (22); each retaining part (30, 50; 70) is removably attached to a half helmet (1-8; 60), the two half helmets (1-8; 60) are joined to support themselves temporarily via their retaining piece (30,50; 70) without their lower flanges (22); between them, a filler-forming material is melted between said upper edges (21; 61), in the lower part (14) constituted by the flanges (22), to produce the union in the continuous transverse joint of the half helmets (08; 60) and then the retaining parts (30, 50; 70) are removed to carry out the load transfer of the holding parts (30, 50; 70) to the half helmets (1-8; 60). The invention is suitable for the construction of a passage under an embankment

Description

METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION OF A DOME. PIECE OF CONTAINMENT AND HALF HELMET FOR CONSTRUCTION OF THE DOME The invention relates to the construction of embowered structures such as underpasses or above ground for roads and roads and other similar constructions. The document SAMFLO FR 2 751 675 discloses a method of construction of a vault, in which two half helmets, provided with a flange and retaining fasteners, are placed in foundations built on the site. The two half shells are supported therebetween, by means of the fasteners, and a filling-forming material is melted between said upper edges of the two half-shells, at the shoulders, to construct a filling-forming material which produces a continuous transverse connection of the two half helmets. The fasteners, by means of which the two half shells are supported between them before the filler forming material is formed, are embedded in the concrete and therefore are lost. However, these fasteners represent a certain percentage of the cost of building a vault. Therefore, the applicant has sought to reduce the cost induced by these fasteners. For this purpose, the invention relates to a method of construction of a vault, in which at least two half-helmets are supported therebetween by at least two restraining pieces that are spliced and, each half-shell comprises an edge upper part and a lower flange, a filling-forming material is melted between said upper edges, in the lower part constituted by the flanges, to produce the joint transverse joint of the hull means, said method is characterized in that each containment piece is fixed removably to a half-shell, the two half-hulls are temporarily supported therebetween via their containment piece without their lower flanges being supported therebetween, and the containment parts are removed after the filling-forming material has been melted, to carry out a load transfer of the containment pieces to the half helmets. According to the invention, the containment fasteners can be reused later for the construction of another vault. In FR 2 723 1 16 (PREFAC), a method of construction of a vault using at least two half helmets was known, each comprising a lower flange, in which the two half helmets are supported between them, flange against flange, with a compressible block interposed, and, to avoid any relative escape of the two half shells and then achieve secure containment, the two flanges are connected by a metal plate which is fixed to the lower faces of the flanges. The plate is placed after the block and, consequently, after the compression of the latter and after the half-helmets are supported between them. The result is that the board does not participate in the half helmets that are supported between them. Then, the concrete is set in the lower flanges, between the two half shells, to produce a longitudinal beam of filling-forming material. In the invention of PREFAC, the block and the plate are usually removable. However, as the block is compressed between the two half shells, it becomes impossible to remove it later. In addition, if the block is interposed between the flanges, it is the last that supports the containment load of the two half helmets between them, even after the concrete filler has been set, and not the longitudinal beam of filler material . The result is that the vault built in this way is prone to premature wear. In the invention of SAM FLO (FR 2 751 675) there is no transfer of the containment load from the fasteners to the filler material either. In fact, it is through the fasteners, embedded in the concrete, that the half helmets are supported between them not only before the concrete is set but after setting as well. In the present invention, by removing the containment pieces, the load transfer of the containment parts to the hull means is carried out with certainty. It is possible to place the containment pieces at least partially above the half-hulls or at least partially below the half-hulls.

In the prior art, fasteners obstructed the space between the two half shells and consequently obstructed the installation of a continuity reinforcement. By the invention, this disadvantage is also eliminated. In a particular embodiment, two pluralities of half-shells are placed end-to-end in two longitudinal rows and each half-shell of one of the rows is supported against a half-shell of the other row by at least two restraining parts, male and female. female respectively, which are spliced so that the containment parts of one of the two types support the containment parts of the other type. By this, the points of containment of the hulls between themselves are at the same level, which ensures a greater stability of the vault and a completely continuous appearance in the ceiling. The invention also relates to a containment part for supporting the containment part between the hull means of the vault constructed in accordance with the above method, comprising a transverse containment arm, the part of which comprises removable fixing means essentially at right angles to the cross arm The invention also relates to a helmet means for construction of the vault in accordance with the above method, which helmet means comprises means for receiving a containment piece.

The invention will be better understood with the aid of the following description of a vault, of the method of construction of the vault or half-hulls of the vault, and of containment parts for the construction of the vault, with reference to the attached drawings, in which: Figure 1 shows a perspective view of the vault, after the containment parts have been removed, in accordance with a particular embodiment; Figure 2 shows a top view of the vault in Figure 1, before the removal of the containment pieces; Figure 3 shows a side view of two spliced containment pieces of Figure 2, and Figure 4 shows a side view of two splice parts in accordance with an alternative embodiment. The vault shown in Figure 1 is intended for the construction of an underpass under an embankment and comprises two longitudinal rows 10, 11.1 of half prefabricated hulls 1 -8, in this case made of concrete, which are arranged end-to-end. end on either side of a vertical longitudinal center plane P and are jointly joined transversely by a filler forming material 9. Two parallel support foundations 12, 13 support the two longitudinal rows of halves 10, 11.

The vault comprises four half helmets 1, 2, 7, 8 (two at each end) and in this case four half-hulls 3-6 placed between the half-hulls of end 1, 2, 7, 8. The two half helmets of end 1 and 8 have a width 1 equal to the width L of the other half helmets 2-7. The half helmets 3, 5 and 7 of row 10 are displaced by a half-width 1 of a half-shell in the longitudinal direction relative to the half-helmets 2, 4 and 6 of the other row 1 1. The half-hulls 1 -8 of the vault are then arranged in a distributed manner. It will be noted that the width of a half-shell means the size of this half-shell in the longitudinal direction of the v. During the construction of the vault (Figure 2) each half-shell of one of the longitudinal rows 1 0 (1 1) is supported against a half-shell of the other longitudinal row 1 1 (1 0) by two temporary restraining pieces, or "containment fasteners", 30, 50, male and female respectively, which are spliced. Figure 3 shows two pieces of restraint in slaps 30, 50, by means of which the half helmet 2 is supported against the half helmet 1. The half helmets 2-7 of the length L are all identical. For purposes of clarity, only the half shell 2 will be described below. The half helmet 2, which constitutes a portion of the wall of the vault, comprises a lower containment edge 20 and an upper edge 21 which is essentially vertical in its functional position. A rim 22, which forms the lower wall for setting the filling-forming material as will be explained below, extends the upper edge 21 essentially at right angles and extends in continuation of the lower face of the half-shell 2. The half-shell 2 also comprises two external shoes, or sleeves, 23 for receiving a restraining piece, which are fixed to the upper edge 21 of the half-hull and disposed essentially one fourth and three-fourths of the width of the half-hull, respectively. Each shoe 23 consists of a tube, or sleeve, or square section, comprising an upper opening 24 for the passage of a fixing foundation of the containment piece, the opening 24 extends in the plane of the upper face of the half helmet 2. The shoe 23 is placed flat against the upper edge 21, via one of its side faces, and fixed to the half helmet 2 by means of a threaded anchor rod 26 and a nut 25 screwed to the rod 26. The half end hulls 1 and 8 of length I are similar to the aforementioned half helmet 2, the only difference being that they comprise only one external shoe for receiving a fixing foundation for a containment piece, whose shoe is disposed at essentially half the width of h. The female containment pieces 30 comprise a transverse containment arm and a removable attachment foundation 32. The term "transverse" is used to describe something that extends at right angles to a vertical plane that extends in the longitudinal direction of the vault. . The transverse containment arm 31 also comprises an outer tube 34 of square section which is open at one of its ends via an opening 35, and an inner tube 36 slidably mounted on the external tube 34 and which is provided, in one of its ends, with a female containment head 33 projecting from the outer tube 34 via the opening 35. The containment head 33 is concave and forms a cavity for receiving a convex male containment head 53. The inner tube 36 and the outer tube 34 are interconnected by a transverse threaded rod 37 fixed to the lower wall of the inner tube 36, at the end opposite to the containing head 33, by means of a fixing system 39 and extends through the lower wall of the outer tube 34 at the opposite end of the opening 35. A nut 38 is mounted on the portion of the threaded rod 37 projecting from the outer tube 34 and is welded to the bottom wall of the outer tube. 34. The telescopic holding arm 31 is therefore adjustable in length by screwing and unscrewing the rod 37. The removable fixing foundation 32, which is integral with the transverse containment arm 31, is at right angles to the last and supported by reinforcements 40, 41. The fixing shoe 32, which is intended to be removably positioned on an external receiving shoe of a half shell, has a square section of dimensions that are essentially the same as those of the section internal of the shoe. The male containment pieces 50 differ from the female containment pieces 30 only in that they comprise a male containment head 53 of convex shape in place of the female containment head 33. The concave and convex forms of, respectively, the containment head 33 of a female containment piece 30 and of the containment head 53 of the male containment piece 50 in such a way as to provide vertical and horizontal support of one of the containment pieces 30 (50) by the other containment piece 50 ( 30) after the two parts 30, 50 have been engaged by inserting the male containment head 53 into the female containment head 33. The method of construction of the dome will be described below. 1) Fixing the containment parts to the hull halves The male containment parts 50 and the female containment parts 30 are removably attached to the hull halves 1 -8. For each piece of containment that is going to be fixed to a half helmet, the fixation foundation of the containment piece is inserted into an external receiving shoe of the half helmet by passing through the upper opening of the shoe, the containment piece disposed partially above the helmet half. A male containment piece and a female containment piece are fixed to the intermediate hull means 3-6 and to the end hull half 7. The male containment piece and the female containment piece are arranged in a given manner with respect to each other. in each of the half shells 3, 5, 7 intended for the construction of one of the longitudinal rows 1 1 of the vault. The relative arrangement of the two male and female retaining parts is inverted in the half-shells 4, 6 intended for the construction of the other longitudinal row 10. Two containment parts of the same type, in this case female, are fixed removably to the half helmet 2 that will be the first half helmet that will be placed during the construction of the vault. Finally, a single retaining part, in this case male, is removably attached to each of the half end shells 1, 8 provided only with each shoe. By screwing and unscrewing the rods 37, it is possible, if necessary, to compensate for any manufacturing defects due to tolerance deviations to ensure a good coupling of the hull halves. 2) Placement of the half-shells so that they are supported between them The length of the containment arms of the male containment parts 50 and the female containment parts 30 is adjusted so that the contact surface of the fastening parts coupled together of each coupling pair extends essentially in the longitudinal central plane P of the vault. The two retaining foundations 12, 13 are constructed, each of which forms a slit to receive the lower containment edges of the hull halves 1 -8.

The end helmet helmet 2 is placed in one or the continuous foundation 12 and is stabilized. U 1 of the half end hulls of the length I is placed in the continuous foundation 13 and is supported in the middle hull 2 by the male containment piece 50 of the half helmet 1 and one of the female containment pieces 30 of the medium helmet 2, which are spliced. Then, the intermediate helmet measure 3 is placed in the continuous foundation 1 3, next to the half helmet 1, and is supported against the helmet half 2 by the male containment piece of the helmet half 3 and the female containment piece available from the medium helmet 2, which are coupled. Then, the half helmets are supported between them step by step, the two pluralities of half helmets 1, 3, 5, 7 and 2, 4, 6, 8 are placed end to end in the two longitudinal rows 1 0, 1 1 . The respective half-helmets 1 -8 of the two rows 1 0, 1 1 are arranged in a distributed manner. Each half-shell of one of the rows 10 (11) is supported against a half-shell of the other row 11 (10) by two temporary containment pieces 30, 50, male and female, respectively, which are coupled. During engagement of a male containment member 50 and a female containment member 30, the male containment member 50 is supported against the female containment member 30 so that the female containment member 30 supports the male containment member. All of the half-shell containment pieces 30 of the vault then support the male containment pieces 50. The final half shell placed is the half-shell of end 8 of length I which is supported against the half-shell of end 7. When two means helmets are supported between them, the ridges of the half helmets are placed facing each other without being supported between them, forming a lower part 14. After the half-helmets 1 -8 are supported between them, a filling-forming material, in this particular case, it is forged between the upper edges of the half-hulls, in the lower part 14, to construct a filling-forming material 9 that joins continuously and transverse salt the half helmets 1 -8. 3) Removal of the temporary containment parts After the filler-forming material has set and dried, the male containment pieces 30 and the female containment pieces 50 of each pair of retainer pieces coupled separate from each other by unscrewing the rod 37 of one 31 of the retaining arms of the coupled pair. In this way, the load transfer of the containment pieces 30, 50 to the helmet means 1 -8 is carried out. After the containment parts 30, 50 have been removed, the transverse containment load of each pair of half-shells are supported therebetween is then supported by the filling-forming material 9. Then, each of the containment parts is retained. (50) is removed, its fixing foundation 32 is removed from the shoe in which it is placed, by vertical displacement upwards.

In the description just given, the containment pieces are in pairs so that the female containment parts support the male containment parts. The containment pieces could also be coupled by placing the female containment parts to be supported against the male containment parts so that the male containment parts support the female containment parts. A preferred alternative embodiment of the containment pieces and the helmet means differs from the previous description only in what will now be described below. The half-shells 60 comprise, instead of the external shoes 23, the internal shoes 63 embedded in the thickness of the half-shell 60, short of the upper edge 61 of the latter. Each shoe 63 consists of a sleeve of square section and with a longitudinal axis 64. This axis is in this case slightly inclined in relation to the vertical, the distance between the axis 64 and the upper edge 61 of the half shell 60 is reduced in the upward direction. The male and female containment pieces 70 comprise a transverse containment arm 71, and a fastening belt 72 which is intended to be inserted in an internal shoe 63. The containment arm 71, similar to that previously described, extends along an axis 73. The fixing foundation 72 has a square section, which is the same as the inner section of the shoe 63, and extends along an axis 74 essentially at right angles to the cross arm 71. The angle formed between the shaft 73 and the shaft 74 and placed on the side of the containment head of the containment arm 71 is slightly greater than 90 °. The method for securing the containment pieces 70 to the hull means 60, to make the hull half 60 supported therebetween and to remove the containment parts 70 is as described above. It should be noted that the inclination of the fixing foundation 72 and of the internal shoe 63 to receive this foundation increases the friction between the foundation 72 and the shoe 63. The result is a better grip of the foundation 72 on the shoe 63 and consequently better fixation from the containment piece 70 to the helmet means 60. After the containment pieces 70 have been removed, the concrete is set in the inner shoes 63. In an alternative embodiment, instead of the shoes, each half shell comprises at least a hole formed in its upper face, short of the upper edge, in which an internal threaded bushing is placed. The bushing does not pass through the thickness of the half shell. The temporary containment elements comprise a transverse containment arm and, instead of the fixing foundation, there is a passage for receiving a fixation bolt with an axis at right angles to the transverse containment arm. To fix a retaining part removably to a half-shell, a fixing bolt is inserted into the receipt passage of the containment piece and screwed into the hub. To remove the containment arm, the bolt is unscrewed. In the above description, the containment pieces are disposed at least partially above the hull means. The containment pieces could also be partially configured below the half helmets.

Claims (16)

1. CLAIMS 1. A method of construction of a vault, in which at least two half helmets (1 -8; 60) are joined to support each other by means of at least two containment pieces (30, 50, 70) that they are spliced and, each half shell (1-8; 60) comprises an upper edge (21; 61) and a lower flange (22); each retention piece (30, 50; 70) is fixed removably to a half helmet (1 -8; 60), the two half helmets (1 -8; 60) are joined to support themselves temporarily via their piece (30, 50, 70) without its lower lips (22) being joined between them, a filler-forming material melts between said upper edges (21; 61), in the lower part (14) constituted by the flanges (22), to produce the union in the continuous transverse joint of the half-helmets (1 -8; 60), whose method is characterized in that each containment piece (30, 50; 70) is removably attached to a half helmet (1 -8; 60), the two half-helmets (1 -8; 60) are temporarily supported therebetween via their containment piece (30, 50; 70) without their lower shoulders (22) being supported between the same and the retaining parts (30, 50, 70) are removed after the filler-forming material has set, to perform the transfer of loading of the retaining parts (30, 50; 70) to the half helmets (1 -8; 60). The method of claim 1, wherein the containment pieces (30, 50; 70) are disposed at least partially above the hull means (1-8; 60). 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the containment pieces are disposed at least partially below the hull means. The method of claim 1, wherein each containment part (30; 70) is fixed to a helmet means (2) by inserting a fixing foundation (32; 72) of such part (30; 70) into a shoe. of receipt (23; 63) integral with the half helmet (2; 60). The method of claim 1, wherein for each containment piece to be fixed, a bushing is placed in a hole formed in a half-shell, and the containment piece is fixed by screwing a fastener into the bushing . The method of claim 1, wherein the two coupled parts (30, 50; 70) are spaced apart to perform load transfer. The method of claim 1, wherein two pluralities of half-helmets (1 -8; 60) are placed end-to-end in two longitudinal rows (10, 1 1) and each half-shell of one of the rows is supported against a half shell of the other row by means of at least two retaining parts (30, 50, 70), male and female, respectively, which are coupled so that the containment parts of one of the two types support the containment parts of the other type. The method of claim 1, wherein the vault is constructed with half end hulls (1, 2, 7, 8) and the intermediate hull means (3-6), two containment parts, male (50) and female (30) respectively, are fixed to each intermediate half helmet (3-6) and the respective half helmets (1 -8) of the two rows (10, 11) are arranged in a distributed manner. 9. A retaining part for supporting the half shells between them of the vault constructed in accordance with the method of claim 1, comprising a transverse containment arm (31; 71), characterized in that said piece comprises means of removable fixation (32; 72) essentially at right angles to the transverse arm (31; 71). 1. The containment piece of claim 9, wherein a step for receiving a fastening bolt is provided. eleven . The containment part of claim 9, wherein the attachment means comprises a fixation foundation (32; 72). 12. The containment piece of claim 9, wherein the containment arm (31; 71) is adjustable in length. 3. A half shell for the construction of the vault in accordance with the method of claim 1, characterized in that it comprises means (23; 63) for removably receiving a containment piece. The helmet means according to claim 1, wherein the means for receiving a containment piece comprises an external shoe (23). 15. The helmet means according to claim 1, wherein the means for receiving a containment piece comprises an external shoe (63). 16. The half-shell according to claim 13, wherein the means for receiving a containment piece comprises a threaded bushing.