MXPA99006964A - Corrosion resistant lubricants, greases and gels - Google Patents

Abstract

The disclosure relates to improved gel/grease compositions as well as grease compositions capable of imparting improved corrosion resistance. The grease includes a silica/silicate mixture that can impart a relatively high pH and corrosion resistant properties to the grease.

Description

LUBRICANTS, GREASES AND GELS RESISTANT TO CORROSION FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to improved grease positions as well as grease compositions capable of imparting enhanced corrosion resistance.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM D288 standard definition of petroleum-related terms) defines a lubricating grease as a solid to semi-fluid product of the dispersion comprising a thickening agent and a liquid lubricant. Other ingredients that impart special properties may be included. This definition indicates that a grease is a liquid lubricant thickened to provide properties that are not provided solely by the lubricant. liquid. Typically, greases are used in dynamic rather than static applications .___ Gels are normally classified as a colloid and provide utility in non-dynamic applications ranging from "sun-gels to cosmetic applications." Conventional fat formulations are described in "Synthetic Lubricants. and High-Performance REF .: 30760 Functional Fluids ", edited by Ronald L. Sgubkin (dated 1993.) The characteristics of soap-based greases, additives and methods to make conventional greases are described in" The Chemistry of "* Soap Base Greases" by Glen Brunette, "Additives For Grease", by Dr. Miles Hutchings and "Grease Manufacture in Conventional Kettles" by KF Montgomery all of which were presented at the 63rd Annual Meeting of the NLGI, October 1996. The descriptions of the publications identified above are incorporated herein by reference therefore. The industrial commercial practice uses films and lubricating greases to prevent abrasion and wear. The increase in efficiency and complexity of modern machines often requires such films and greases to operate under severe operating and environmental conditions. Although the composition of a gel can be similar to that of a fat, gels are typically used to solve problems without lubrication. There is a need in this technique for lubricants, greases and gels that also impart resistance to corrosion.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention solves problems associated with conventional lubricants and greases by providing an improved composition which imparts corrosion and microbial resistance, and a high drip temperature. By "dropping temperature" is meant the temperature at which the lubricating compositions become fluid and thus are capable of dripping through a hole in accordance with ASTM D2265. The fat of the invention typically has a minimum drip temperature of about 250 ° C. The present invention also provides a composition that can offer an alternative to conventional greases and gels thereby also avoiding the environmental and manufacturing problems associated with conventional fat products. The fats and gels of the invention can be designed to range from microbial resistant to biodegradable; but in any case fats and gels are not toxic. Although the present invention is compatible with a wide range of metals and metal coatings, the present invention can also obviate the use of environmentally undesirable metals, for example, chromium, which are conventionally used to impart corrosion resistance. Although the present invention can be employed with a solvent, in certain aspects the fat / gel of the invention can be substantially solvent-free. "Substantially solvent-free" means that the fat / gel contains less than about 30% by weight; normally less than 10% by weight of volatile organic compounds (in other circumstances known as VOC) The fat / gel of the invention can be used as a substitute for conventional fats / gels; especially in environments where improved corrosion resistance is desired, for example, metal gels that are used in a wide range of applications including automotive and marine end uses. In addition, the grease / gel of the invention can be used to reduce, if not eliminate, corrosion under insulation (CÜI). That is, corrosion on metal surfaces that are coated with a coating or insulating layer, for example an insulating sleeve mechanically attached to a pipe. CUI is particularly problematic in the petroleum industry where "corrosion can occur under refinery pipes, catalytic thermofraction columns, oil / gas pipes, reaction vessels, etc. Corrosion under insulation can also occur in the ventilation lines for heating and cooling water (HVAC), steam lines for chemical processing and power generation, ducts / pipes in boats, among other areas The present invention can also offer an alternative to lubricants containing silicone. For example, in automotive paint environments, silicone oils have been associated with adverse effects, for example, on the quality of painted surfaces because small molecular fractions of the silicone are entrained by the air under ambient conditions. However, it can improve the corrosion resistance of the ubricants and gels containing silicone. The fluid or liquid portion of the fat / gel of the invention may comprise an oil base comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of mineral oil, synthetic oil, vegetable oil, fish oil, animal oil, among any suitable fluid that have ^ lubricating properties. Examples of suitable oily bases include at least one member of the group consisting of animal, vegetable, petroleum and synthetic oils such as polyalphaolefin (PAO), silicone oil, phosphate esters, fluorinated oils such as KRYTOX. (distributed by DuPont Company, Wilmington, Delaware), mixtures thereof, among others. Typically, the oil base will comprise from about 45% to about 90% by weight of fats, for example, from about 70% by weight to about 90% by weight. Environmentally preferred lubricants (EPL) are preferred as, oily bases in applications where material loss to the environment may occur. The EPL have the distinction of being biodegradable and / or essentially non-toxic. Biodegradable oily bases include, but are not limited to fish oils, vegetable oils, lanolin, synthetic esters, low molecular weight polyalphadephines and polyethylene glycols. Essentially non-toxic oily bases include, but are not limited to polyalphaolefins, polybutenes, vegetable oils and also lanolins. For applications that require the grease to be exposed to a relatively high or low temperature, or a wide variation in temperature during operation, synthetic fluids are typically employed, for example, a diester oil-based grease. If the grease comprises a metallic soapy grease, then complete agents may be employed to improve the so-called "drip temperature" of the grease. Such agents are usually present in an amount of about 5 to about 25% by weight of the fat. A thickener is combined with an oily base to form a fat or gel. The thickener component of the fat may comprise any material which, in combination with the selected oily base, produces a semi-fluid or solid structure. Examples of suitable thickeners comprise at least one member selected from the group consisting of soaps of aluminum, lithium, barium, sodium, calcium, mixtures thereof, and, in some cases, silicas and clays., mixtures thereof, among others. The characterization of fats as a function of the thickener is described in greater detail by J. George ills in "Lubrication Fundamentals" (1980), incorporated herein by reference. Thickeners of different composition can be mixed, for example, fluoropolymers of TEFLON and polyethylene, as long as they are compatible with each other and with the oil base. Additional ingredients can be combined with the thickener to impart special characteristics or properties such as coupling agents, dyes, pigments, antioxidants, among other components to design the properties of the fat.The thickener will normally comprise from about 5 to about 10% in "weight of the fat, and the additional ingredients will comprise a total amount of from about 5 to about 30% by weight. However, when thermoplastic powders, for example, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene and the like are used as thickeners, they can be effectively used in amounts up to about 50% by weight. The grease of the invention may also comprise at least one antiwear agent, which may also function as a pour point depressant and / or an extreme pressure agent. Examples of suitable anti-wear agents comprise at least one member of the group consisting of tricresyl phosphate, dithiophosphates, fatty acid esters, metal stearates, zinc oxide, borax, boron nitride, ammonium molybdate, calcium carbonate, mixtures of them, among others. In some cases, molybdenum disulfide, polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride / polyvinyl fluoride and dispersions thereof may be added.; mixtures thereof, among others, to reduce friction and wear. The anti-wear agents may comprise from about 0.1 to about 2% by weight of the fat. Examples of extreme pressure agents may comprise at least one member selected from the group consisting of graphite, triphenyl phosphorothionate, chlorinated paraffins, dithiocarbonates, fatty oils, fatty acids, or fatty acid esters with a phosphite adduct; sulfur oils, fatty acids or fatty acid esters; molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, phosphate esters, phosphorus-sulfur-containing compounds, mixtures thereof, among others. Extreme pressure spray agents can protect rough or non-uniform surfaces, as well as bevelled cracks when the agents are composed of a sufficiently broad particle size distribution and with an appropriate limit on the maximum particle size. The particle size distribution will normally allow the EP agent to fill the gaps and spaces on the item to be protected (such as a wire rope, braided rope or reinforced wire). The extreme pressure agents may comprise from about 2 to about 10% by weight of the fat! Tensoactives, wetting agents or surfactants may optionally be included when desirable, such as pine oil derivatives, liquid resin and derivatives, ethoxylates, acetylenic diols, silicones, silanes, sulfonates, fluorotensives, mixtures thereof, among others. The fat of the invention may further comprise at least one component containing silica and / or silicate for imparting corrosion resistance, for example, a component containing -SiO- groups. The silicate-containing component may interact with another component of the fat and / or a surface to be protected. The interaction can provide a protective surface having improved corrosion resistance. The amount of material containing silica / silicate can range from about 1 to about 50% by weight of the fat. The specific amount of silicate-containing material is glimpsed when considering the relative importance of corrosion resistance and lubrication for a particular application, as well as the thickener capacity of silica or silicate. In some cases, it is desirable to use a gel with less oil potential to migrate out of or separate from the gel. Drying agents, for example, of linseed, or non-drying polymers can be added to the gel, to reduce the loss or migration of oil from the gel. Polymers include, but are not limited to, polyurethane, silicone, acrylic, epoxy or oil-modified polymers. Polymers with a high content of solids or polymers substantially free of solvent are environmentally preferred, for example, polymers containing less than about 30% by weight of V.O.C. In other cases, it is desirable that the gel forms a self-supporting external layer or film. The portion of the gel underlying the self-supporting layer normally remains in a substantially unchanged state, eg, the retained physical characteristics of the underlying portion resemble those of a freshly applied gel coating. An additional benefit of forming a layer or so-called self-supporting film on the surface of the gel that provides greater resistance to rain and accidental contact.

CROSS REFERENCE WITH RELATED PATENTS AND PATENT APPLICATIONS The subject matter of the present invention relates to the co-pending and commonly granted, non-provisional US Patent Application Serial No. (Proxy File No. EL001RH-8), filed in the same date as the present; Nos. Of Series 08 / 850,323 and 08 / 850,586 (Proxy File No. EL001RH-6 and EL001RH-7 filed on May 2, 1997) and o. of Series 08 / 791,336 (Proxy File No. EL001RH-5 filed on January 31, 1997) and 08 / 791,337 (No. of Proxy File EL001RH-4 filed on January 31, 1997) to the names of Robert L. Heimann et al., As a continuation in part of Serial No. 08 / 63_4,215 (Proxy File No. EL001RH-3 filed on April 18, 1996) to the names of Robert L. Heimann et al., And entitled "Corrosion Resistant Shock System for Metal Products", which is a continuation in part of US Patent Application Serial No. 08 / 476,271, non-provisional (Proxy File No. EL001RH-2 filed on June 7 , 1995) to the names of Heimann et al., And which corresponds to IPO Patent Application No. WO 96/12770, which in turn is a continuation in part of the US Patent Application Serial No. 08 / 327,438, not provisional, now granted (No. of Proxy File EL001RH-1 filed on October 21, 1994). The subject matter of the present invention also relates to the co-pending and commonly granted, non-provisional US Patent Application Serial No. (Proxy File No. EL004RH-1), filed on the same date as the present and entitled " Protective Coatings Against Corrosion ". The description of the patent applications and publications identified above are incorporated herein by reference.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION A lubricating grease is defined by the National Institute of Lubricating Grease (NLGI) as "a solid to semifluid product of the dispersion of a thickening agent in a liquid lubricant.The special properties imparted by the additives may include", for example , refer to the Lubricating Grease Guide, 4th edition; NLGI; City of Kansas, MO; p.1.01: the description of which is incorporated here as a reference. For the purposes of this invention, the terms fat and gel are used interchangeably, where the term varies as a function of its application, for example, dynamic greases or static gels.

Typically, fats and gels fall widely within the following formula: Oily base 45-90% _ Thickener 5-25% Additives 1-30% In one aspect of the invention, the composition of the invention may comprise a gel which forms a self-supporting external layer or film. This type of gel has the ability to form an outer layer or film for the purpose of providing improved characteristics such as a gel surface free of adhesion and resistance against washing by rain or dipping. The outer film can be achieved by any suitable means such as by adding crosslinked polymers to the composition of the invention. Examples of desirable methods for achieving crosslinking in the composition of the invention include: 1) using drying oils that exhibit an oxidative type curing mechanism, 2) using a wet cure mechanism, 3) a reactive cure, 4) curing with ultraviolet (UV), 5) ~ mechanism of thermal curing, among other chemical methods.Depending on the chemical characteristics and the environment, the selected method can be used to obtain results that go from the formation of a self-supporting layer to the hardening of the entire composition of the invention Normally, the self-supporting layer is from about 0.00254 to about 0.127 centimeters (0.001 to about 0.05 inches) thick depending on the application.A crosslinking polymer system can be added to any oil base in both the polymer to be matured is partially miscible in the oily base, the crosslinked layer or hardened composition is resistant to the oily base and the system is compatible with the remaining components of the composition of the invention. Examples of suitable oily bases include at least one member from the group of naphthenic and paraffinic mineral oils and synthetic oils such as polyalphaolefins, silicones, phosphate esters, fluorinated oils, polybutenes, polyalkylene glycols, alkylated aromatic compounds, among others. Conventional drying oils can also be used to form a self-supporting layer or film, for example, flaxseed oil and oxidative curing can also be accelerated by metal catalysts such as cobalt naphthenate.Polymers such as oil-modified epoxies can also be used. or polyurethanes, for example, wet curing epoxy resin of the ketimine type Although the amount of crosslinking polymer can be designed to obtain the desired effect, typically the polymer corresponds to about 0.010 to less than about 50% by weight of the composition of the invention, depending on the compatibility between the polymer and the oily base of the gel. A_ loads greater than 50% the composition becomes more and more similar to the polymer itself and the characteristics similar to those of the gel decrease. In a further aspect of the invention, the physical characteristics of the gel applied are retained for a prolonged period, for example, the gel is not substantially crosslinked or lacks a self-supporting layer. In this aspect of the invention, the oily base of the fat / gel may comprise a polymer such as a polyurethane or epoxide and an oil such as linseed oil or drying oil. Without wishing to be bound by any theory or explanation, it is believed that employing a relatively large amount of oil inhibits crosslinking in the polymer thereby causing the gel to retain its applied characteristics. The pH of the grease can be designed to be compatible with the metal surface that is in contact with the grease or gel. That is, certain metals and alloys may become susceptible to caustic cracking when exposed to a relatively high pH, for example, from about 10 to about 14. In such cases, it may be appropriate to employ an alkali silicate such as an alkali silicate. sodium with another silicate such as calcium silicate. Without wishing to be bound by any theory or explanation, the protection mechanism follows the laws of chemical absorption and chemical affinity when the grease or gel comes into contact with the surface to be protected. The fat of the invention will typically have a pH ranging from about 7 to about 14. It is also believed that the presence of a relatively high pH in the "fat can hydrolyze, for example, zinc borate and silica, and equipotentialize the surface that is being protected Depending on the composition of the grease or gel and surface to be protected, one or more components of the grease or gel may react with each other and / or the underlying surface to form a protective layer or film, for example, when The grease or gel of the invention is applied to a zinc-containing surface, a single surface comprising alkali zinc silicate products can be formed within an amorphous phase composition, usually a silicate will be used as a thickener, as well as an inhibitor of the corrosion The silicates used to prepare the grease / gel of the invention which are used in lubricating applications such as metal cables they are usually ground finely by moving the raw material or the final composition, for example, milled to a particle size of about 1 to about 20 microns. The silicates suitable for metallic working cables among other applications can be selected from the group consisting of sodium silicate, calcium silicate, potassium silicate, lithium silicate, ammonium silicate (each ^ one with various amounts of moisture of hydration and various ratios of silica to cations such as Na +, NH4, among others), mixtures thereof, among others, and can mix by any suitable means. The silicates mentioned above can be combined with, or, in some cases, replaced by molybdates, phosphates, zirconates, titanates, vanadates, permanganates, pertechnetate, chromate, tungstate, nitrate, carbonates, aluminates, ferrates, mixtures thereof, among others. . To this silicate mixture, at least one of a surfactant, coupling agent, and at least one dispersant oil may be added which are compatible with the oily base of the grease, eg, silicone oil, PAO or polybutene, thereby forming both an intermediate product. Typically, the coupling agent will comprise from about 0.1 to about 2% by weight of the fat and can be at least one member selected from the group consisting of organotitanates, organocyanates, organoaluminates and organophosphates. Surfactants include ethoxylates, pine oil, pine oil derivatives, liquid resin, liquid resin derivatives, acetylenic diols, long chain fatty acids, sulfosuccinates, alkyl sulfates, phosphates, sulfonates, long chain amines, ammonium compounds quaternary, organosilicones, fluorinated surfactants, mixtures thereof, among others.

A suitable dispersing oil can be at least one member of the group consisting of linseed oil, boiled linseed, castor, cañola, mineral, olive, peanut, sunflower, corn, soybean, cedar, pine, coconut, tung, vegetable, rapeseed, olive, jojoba, lanolin, prairie foam, cotton, sesame, palm, mixtures thereof, among others, and usually comprises from about 1 to about 30% by weight of the fat. The intermediate product described above can be dispersed or mixed with the remaining components of the fat, for example, oil base, extreme pressure additive, among others. By adding the intermediate product to the remaining components, a grease resistant to corrosion is obtained. . The intermediate product of the aforementioned invention can be introduced in any suitable type of grease or gel, such as: 1) Fat / Gels Thickened with Fat Soap with Soap Aluminum Fat with Soap Calcium Hydrated Fat with Calcium Soap Anhydrous Fat with Fatty Soap Soap with Lithium Soap 2) Greases / Gels Complexed with Complex Fatty Soap with Fat Aluminum Complexed with Calcium [the amount of alkaline silicates that can be added to fat complexed with calcium is relatively low compared to other fats] Complex Fat with Complex Fat Barium with Lithium 3) Non-soap Fat / Gels Fat Based on Fatty Oil Based on Fatty Vegetable Oil with Fatty Organoleat Fatty Complex with Polyurea The thickener used in soap-based greases is typically a product of the saponification reaction that is generated during the process of the manufacture of the fat. The saponification reaction can occur between at least one of the following components, long chain fatty acids, for example, stearic acid, oleic acid, among others; fat, for example, beef bait; and an alkaline component, for example, aluminum hydroxide, calcium, lithium, among others. The alkaline components mentioned above are normally used in a slight excess to facilitate the conduction of the saponification reaction and to neutralize any remaining free acid.

When the saponified product is cooled, the product can form a fibrous network through the oily base, for example, a hydrogenated mineral or castor oil, thereby thickening the fat. For "better results, the fatty acid or fatty component is compatible with the oil base, the appropriate amount of thickener is employed, and the saponification reaction occurs at relatively sparse locations within the oil base. For example, the fibrous network mentioned above may not be suitable if the saponification is conducted separately and then mixed in the oil base. "Finally, the rate of cooling and amount of water present can have an impact on the rate of formation of the fibrous network.A fat complexed with soap is similar to fat" thickened with soap, since both types of fats depend on the reaction of saponification. However, fats complexed with soap have an additional reagent, which becomes a component of the saponified product and facilitates the formation of fibrous networks. The complexing or chelating reagent is usually a metal salt of a short-chain organic acid, for example, a calcium acetate, or a metal salt of an inorganic acid, for example, lithium chloride. (The fat may also contain aluminum atoms that were part of the organic soap molecules, for example, aluminum distearate and aluminum hydroxide). The total thickener content, respectively, of the calcium, aluminum and lithium complex greases, are from about 25 to about 35% by weight, about 5 to about 9% by weight, and from about 12 to about 18% by weight . In one aspect of the invention, the thickening soap may comprise butter oil in lithium fat. The thickener can also function as an extreme pressure additive inside the grease. Non-soap based fats do not require the saponification reaction described above to thicken the fat. Fats without soap, they use physical additives to thicken. Although any suitable thickener can be employed, an example of a suitable thickener is organo-clay particles, or platelets or lamellae of dispersed organic or inorganic particles within the oil base. Additional examples of thickeners comprise at least one of bentonite clay, fuming silica (airgel), carbon black, powdered plastics, mixtures thereof, among others. In addition, surface modified thickeners can be used. Normally, the thickener has a large surface area and typically a certain amount of an oil absorption capacity.

Polyurea and fats complexed with polyurea are related to soap-based fats since the reactions polymerize the component materials, for example, isocyanates and amines, to form the thickener, for example, polyurea. However, polyurea does not normally form fibrous networks to a greater degree than soap-based fats. Complexed polyureas use the same type of complexing agents as complex soap-based fats. - The following types of additives can be incorporated in fats or gels to achieve a variety of desired properties: mold inhibitors, antioxidants, soaps, odor modifiers, bonding agents, structure modifiers, metal deactivators or corrosion inhibitors for non-ferrous metals, solid lubricants (such as graphite, zinc oxide, borax among other conventional solid lubricants), phosphate esters, polytetrafluroethylene, dithiophosphates, dithiocarbonates, antimicrobial agents, mixtures thereof, among other suitable additives. Examples of suitable mold inhibitors comprise at least one member selected from the group consisting of fatty acids, sulfonates, amines or phosphates of amine, fatty acid amides, succinates, benzotriazoles, tolutriazoles, mercaptobenzocriazole, thiadiazoles, metal carboxylates, mixtures of the themselves, among others. Examples of suitable antioxidants comprise at least one member selected from the group consisting of aromatic amines, hindered phenols, diphenylamine, phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine, 2,6-di-t-butylphenol, phenothiazine, alkylated diphenylamines, alkylated phenyl-alpha-naphthylamines, 2, 6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol (BHT), polymeric BHT, peroxide disintegrants, mixtures thereof, among others to inhibit the oxidation of the composition at normal or elevated temperature. The formulation may also include additives for improving stability to ultraviolet (UV) light such as Tinuvin (Ciba Geigy), a substituted hydroxyphenyl benzotriazole. Examples of soaps include lithium stearate, aluminum stearate, calcium stearate or zinc stearate. The soaps can be used to impart greater lubricity, thermal resistance, or moisture resistance. Examples of suitable thickening agents comprise at least one member selected from the group consisting of high molecular weight hydrocarbons, rubber latex, polybutenes, ester gums and mixtures of terpene resins thereof, among others. Examples of suitable structure modifiers comprise at least one member selected from the group consisting of glycerol, alcohols, glycols, fatty acids, water, alkali sulfonaphthates, mixtures thereof, among others. Examples of suitable antimicrobial agents comprise at least one member selected from the group consisting of zinc borate, silver, quaternary ammonium compounds, mixtures thereof, among others. Environmentally less desirable antimicrobial compounds include mercury, tin, antimony compounds and mixtures thereof. The additives may also comprise at least one member selected from the group consisting of surfactants, wetting agents, surface active agents, pine oil, derivatives, liquid resin and its derivatives, ethoxylates, acetylenic diols, silicones, silanes, oils or fatty acids. with a phosphate adduct, sulforated fatty oils, molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, mixtures thereof, among others. The total amount of these additives usually does not accumulate to more than about 5% by weight in the total fat formulation. The composition of the invention may also include a substance for imparting conductivity to the composition such as a graphitic carbon, metal or metal lamellae thereof, among others. The amount of conductive component typically ranges from about 15 to about 45% by weight of the composition of the invention. Although the grease / gel of the invention can provide a physical barrier to a corrosive environment, the grease can also supply a silicate / silicate product that imparts the corrosion inhibiting properties described above. Depending on the composition of the metal surface, the grease / gel composition applied to the surface, temperature and time interval of the composition is in contact with the metal surface, pH of the surface, at least a portion of the grease. It can interact with the metal surface. The interaction can produce a surface coating similar to a material, for example, less than about 100 Angstroms thick, characterized by unique crystallites, for example, an alkaline zinc silicate, within an amorphous matrix. A more detailed description of the mineral layers and precursors thereof can be found in the co-pending and commonly granted US Patent Applications mentioned above.; the description of which is incorporated herein by reference. Although the grease of the invention can be employed in connection with a virtually unlimited surface arrangement, desirable results have been obtained when the grease is used on a zinc-containing surface or alloy. The grease of the invention can be used in a virtually unlimited array of applications such as over pipes to inhibit corrosion under insulation, metal cables and braided products during manufacture or after injecting grease, and applied to the exterior reinforcements / linings. electrical and fiber optic cables that are exposed to marine environments, as well as mechanical power cables such as those used in automobiles, boats and airplanes. The invention is also useful in cable applications where the RFI-EMI properties are important for those cables that are under the sea. The grease of the invention can also be used as cutting / honing / rectifying fluids for ceramics / metals, protecting and lubricating lead alloy battery terminals, protecting and lubricating closure assemblies, and protecting coiled metal rolls or sheet metal Stacked against corrosion, among many other applications where resistance to corrosion and / or lubrication are useful. The greases or gels of the invention can be applied to the above uses via spraying, by means of a towel, brush, dip, injection under pressure or pumping. The following Examples are provided to illustrate without limitation the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

EXAMPLE 1 The formulation listed below in Table 1 was produced by adding pulverized materials to the ODP oil base, i.e., polymerized 1-decene. The PAO oil was poured into a 1-quart stainless steel vessel. The pulverized materials were then added to the PAO and mixed manually.

TABLE 1 COMPONENT DISTRIBUTOR QUANTITY IN% WEIGHT Oil base PAO Nye Lubricants D • O "<5 Silice Nye Lubricants 9.8 Sodium Silicate G PQ Corp. 30.0 Boratex Zinc US Borax 5.0 p-Hydroxy Aniline Mallinckrodt Chemical 0.7 Tint_And Indigo Tricon Colors Inc. 1.0 This composition, when applied to a standard ACT electrogalvanized steel test panel (E60 EZG 60G 2 sides 03x06x030) to a thickness of 1.6 mm (1/16 inch) protects against red corrosion for a minimum of 1000 hours in accordance with exposure to an ASTM B117 salt spray. When the composition was removed from the panel after a minimum of 24 hours carefully scraping off the excess and then washing with naphtha, = an average of 192 hours of exposure to salt spray ASTM B117 was obtained before the appearance of red corrosion products compared to 120 for untreated control samples. Depending on the surrounding environment, improved corrosion resistance can be obtained by omitting p-Hydroxy Aniline. In addition, the corrosion resistance of the PAO-based grease or gel can be improved by adding at least one of the sodium molybdate, sodium carbonate and sodium silicate.

EXAMPLE 2 A second formulation was prepared, substantially similar to that described in Example 1, with the exception that p-Hydroxy Aniline was omitted. The removal of p-Hydroxy Aniline improved the environmental acceptability of the formulation without having an adverse impact on the corrosion resistance properties of the fat. A third formulation was prepared omitting zinc borate. Although silica was used as a thickener, for example, refer to the Standard base formulation in Table 2 below, the presence of silica and silicate can have a desirable combined effect on the corrosion resistance properties of fats. Sodium borate works as a flame retardant and microbiological inhibitor, and, therefore, can be removed with its inherent properties.

EXAMPLE 3 The following formulas were produced to compare the corrosion resistance of the greases of the invention with a base formulation.

TABLE 2 - BASE FORMATION - COMPONENT DISTRIBUTOR QUANTITY (% IN WEIGHT) PAO Durasyn 174 (Moco Oil Co.) 88.4% Silica Cabosil TS720 (Cabot Corp.) 11.1% Tint Dye T-17N (DayGlo Color Corp) 0.5% -FORMULATION RESISTANT TO CORROSION 1- PAO Durasyn 174 (Moco Oil Co.) 57.3% PAO Durasyn 166 (Moco Oil Co.) 14.3% Silica Cabosil TS720 (Cabot Corp.) 7.3% Borate Borogard ZB (US Borax) 4.1% G silicate zinc silicate (PQ Corp.) 16.3% sodium blue dye Tricon Color Corp. 0.7% Indigo-LUBRICANT FORMULA 1- PAO Durasyn 174 (Moco Oil Co.) 58.4% Polytetrafluoroethylene Fluoro 300 (Micro Po ders 40.9% Inc.) indigo blue dye Tricon Color Corp. 0.1% Ken-React zirconate organ NZ-12 0.6% Kenrich Petrochemical, Inc.

-FOR CORROSION RESISTANT FORM 2- Dow Corning silicone oil 200 75% Cabosil silica TS729 (Cabot Corp.) 15% G Grade sodium silicate (PQ Corp.) 10% The Corrosion Resistant Formulation 1 was prepared by mixing the zinc borate and the sodium silicate together in the manner described in Example 1. The borate / silicate mixture was added to PAO Durasyn 166. The silica was mixed with PAO Durasyn 174 The two PAO mixtures were then combined. The dye was then added to the combined PAO blends. Lubricant Formulation 1 was first prepared by treating Fluoro 300 with a 2.3% by weight solution of NZ-12 in 2-propanol, and allowing it to. the 2-propanol will evaporate.

The treated Flubro 300 was then mixed in Durasyn 174 manually. After mixing perfectly, the indigo blue dye was introduced. Although the formulations have a wide range of uses, Formulation Lubricant 1 is particularly useful as an emergency brake cable lubricant. "The Corrosion Resistant Formulation 2 was formed in substantially the same manner as the Corrosion Resistant Formulation 1. If desired, the sodium silicate of the above-identified formulations can be mixed with or replaced by calcium silicate, phosphate. trisodium, sodium bicarbonate, among others, to obtain a fat / gel with a low pH Furthermore, if desired, the sodium silicate can be, at least, partially replaced by polytetrafluoroethylene to improve its lubricating properties.

EXAMPLE 4 Corrosion Resistant Formulation No. 1 was coated on a standard ACT electrogalvanized steel test panel (E60 EZG 60G 2 sides 03x06x030) by applying an excess and smoothing with a gate type applicator to leave a layer with a thickness of 1.6 mm (1/16 inch). The grease / gel remained in contact with the test panel for a period of approximately 24 hours. The grease / gel was removed from one half of the test panel by lightly scraping and washing with naphtha.

The test panels were then tested under a salt spray environment in accordance with the ASTM B117 procedure. The area of the coating had been removed, lasted approximately 216 hours before 5% of the surface area was covered with red oxide. The grease / gel coated area of the test panel had no visible red rust after 1000 hours of exposure to salt spray.

EXAMPLE 5 The following formula was prepared and applied to an exterior pipe placed on the ground, which was subsequently coated with an outer layer of insulation.

COMPONENT DISTRIBUTOR QUANTITY Oily Base of Durasyn 174 (Moco Oil Co.) 81.7% Polyolefin by weight Silica Cabosil TS-720 / Cabot Corp. 4.7% Calcium silicate Hubersorb 600 / J. M. Huber Corp. 11.7% Synthetic Adhesive Based Ida Tac M256 / Ideas, Inc. 1 . 5% Polybutene Indigo Dye / Tricon Color Corp. 0 4% Hubersorb 600 and Cabosil TS-720 were dry blended together in a covered cover of 18 925. (5 gallons) covered for 5 minutes, and then the mixed composition was added to the oil base of Durasyn 174_ in successive additions until all the dust had been added. The resulting mixture was then mixed for an additional 20 minutes. - After combining the Durasyn, Ida Tac M256 was added volumetrically from a syringe and continued mixing for 15 minutes. Finally, the indigo dye was added and the composition was mixed for an additional 15 minutes. - The final composition had a penetration rate of 317 according to what was determined by ASTM-D217. The resulting composition was applied to a standard cold rolled steel panel, in a clean / unpolished condition to obtain a film thickness of 1.6 mm (1/16 inch). After 24 hours of exposure to salt spray in accordance with ASTM B-117, no corrosion occurred under the film. The composition was also applied to a 6.35 cm (2.5 inch) diameter steel tube that had been brushed with a wire brush to remove loose rust deposits. The film was applied to a thickness of approximately 1.6 mm (1/16 inch) and the tube was not coated with insulation. 4 weeks after the exposure to the outside (includes cases of rain and wind) no noticeable degradation was observed, or loss of the coated material from the pipe.

EXAMPLE 6 - The above formulation for the CUI application was adapted to be used on an automotive / industrial battery terminal to control the corrosion of the battery posts. A corrosion shield was prepared from the battery terminal by removing the indigo dye and adding up to about 30% by weight of conductive carbon black to the aforementioned composition. (The conductor material will provide a dark color).

EXAMPLE 7 Quantities of Cabosil TS-720, Hubersorb were measured 600, Lithium hydroxystearate, -S-395-N5 and Ackrochem 626 in sufficient quantities to prepare a total bath of 350 g. These powders were dry mixed then, and then added to the Lubsnap 2400 oil, which had been preheated to 110 ° C. The composition was then mixed with a Premier Mili Series 2000 Model 84 Laboratory Dispenser at N3000 rpm using a 5.08 cm (2 inch) ZNOCO Desron dispersion blade for 15 minutes. Lubrizol 3108 and Tallium 3400 were added at that time and mixed for another 15 minutes. A composition containing the following components was prepared according to Example 1, and was used to protect metallic wire and braided cables: COMPONENT OF DISTRIBUTOR QUANTITY Oil Base of Lubsnap 2400 / Tulco Oils Inc. 67.5% Naphthenic Silica Cabosil TS-720 / Cabot Corp. 6.3% Calcium silicate Hubersorb 600 / J. M. Huber Corp. 16.2% Synthetic Witco Corp Hydroxystearate 2.5% Lithium Polyisobutylene Indopol H-100 / Moco ... or "o * Wetting Agent ** Additive 3108 / Lubrizol Corp. 2.5% Tallicin 3400 / Pflaumer Brothers, Inc. Polyethylene S-395-N5 / Shamrock Inc. 2% Micronized Dye "Blue Ackrochem 626 / Ackron Chemical Co. 0.5% - ** E1 Tallicin 3400 is sold commercially as a patented composition. Examples of other suitable wetting agents comprise at least one member selected from the group consisting of pine oils, liquid resin, pine oil derivatives, liquid resin derivatives, mixtures thereof, among others.

EXAMPLE 8 The following formula was prepared according to Example 1, and was applied to a steel panel to form an external self-supporting layer which was subsequently coated with an outer layer of wolastonite insulation: COMPONENT OF DISTRIBUTOR QUANTITY Oil Base of Durasyn 174 / Moco Oil Co, 51.6% Polyalphaolefin Commercial Linseed Oil 30.0% Commercial naphthenate - 0.1% Cobalt Silica Cabosil TS-720 / Cabot Corp. 4.7% Calcium silicate Hubersorb 600 / J. M. Huber Corp. 11.7% Synthetic Adhesive Based Ida Tac M256 / Ideas, Inc. 1.5% Polybutene Indigo Dye / Tricon Color Corp. 0.4% EXAMPLE 9 The benefit of adding polymer to a composition of the invention was demonstrated by adding a polymeric gel to a base gel formula which was prepared according to Example 1 and has the following formula: GEL BASE COMPONENT DISTRIBUTOR QUANTITY Durasyn 174 Oil (Moco) 55.2% Polyalphadefine by weight Silica Fumante Cabosil TS-720_ (Cabot Corp. 9.8% by weight Sodium Silicate G Grade (PQ Corp.) 30% by weight Zinc Borate Borogaro ZB (U.S. Borax) 5% by weight POLYMERIC GEL Polyurethane polymer was added to the gel by mixing Polyurethane Clear Finish ACE.16381 (distributed by Westlakes) with the base gel mentioned above in a weight ratio 1:15, respectively. The gel and polymer compositions were mixed with a spatula for about 15 minutes to form a homogeneous mixture. Cold-rolled steel panels of 0.081 cm X 7.62 cm X 15.24 cm (0.032 inches X 3 inches X 6 inches) Standard (distributed by ACT) with a layer of 0.127 cm (0.05 inches) thick over an area of 10.16 were coated cm X 7.62 cm (4 inches X 3 inches). One panel was coated with the base gel formula and one panel was coated with the formula containing polymer gel.

To illustrate the effectiveness of the polymer gel formula for protecting metal surfaces against corrosion under insulation, a piece of wollastonite mineral tube insulation (approximately 0.635 centimeters X 2.81 centimeters X 12.7 centimeters (0.25 inches X 1.5 inches X 5 inches)) on each panel coated with gel with the wide surface in contact with the gel. A weight of 71 grams was placed on top of each piece of insulation and the panels were allowed to settle at ambient conditions for 48 hours. At 48 hours, the weight and isolation were removed and the following observations and measurements were made.

TYPE OF GEL INITIAL WEIGHT FINAL WEIGHT OF ABSORPTION OF OF THE INSULATION OF OIL IN THE INSULATION (g) INSULATION (g) (g) Base gel 8.085 9.4412 1.356 g.

Polymeric Gel 7.562 7.673 0.111 g.

The Gel Base layer under the insulation was visually observed to detect cracks or separations in the gel due to the loss of gel oil, for example, the oil was absorbed by the insulator attached. In contrast, no cracks were noticed in the gel composition containing polymer. As illustrated above, the polymer gel reduced the loss or migration of oil into the insulation to less than one tenth of the loss exhibited by the Base Gel. This Example was repeated by replacing the polyurethane polymer with epoxy resins distributed by Reichhold Chemical as EPOTUF 690 and 692. The amount of epoxy was 20% by weight of the total composition.

EXAMPLE 10 A substantially biodegradable formulation having the following formulation was prepared: COMPONENT DISTRIBUTOR QUANTITY Emkarate Polyol Mat 1950 / ICI Chemicals 67.5% by weight Silice Fumante TS-720 / Cabot Corp. 5.4% by weight Calcium silicate Hubersorb H-600 / J.M. Huber Corp. 3.6% by weight Witco Corporation Lithium Stearate 14.3% by weight polyethylene S-395-N5 / Shamrock 3.6% by weight Polybutene Technologies Indopol H-300 / Amoco Chemical 3.6% by weight Mississippi Lime Co. 2.0% hydrated lime weight A batch of 350 grams of the above composition was prepared by heating the Emkarate 1950 oil base to a temperature of 10 ° C and then mixing in the premixed powdered components of the fat in a Premier Mili 2000 Series Model 84 to N3000 Laboratory Dispenser. rpm using an INDCO Design D Dispersion Blade of 5.08 centimeters (2 inches) for 15 minutes. Finally, the polybutene Indopol H-300 was added and the composition was mixed for another 15 minutes. After allowing the composition to cool to room temperature the penetration was measured according to ASTM-D217 and determined to be 277. Three panels of cold rolled steel were rinsed at 0.081 centimeters X 7.62 centimeters X 15.24 centimeters (0.032 inches). inches X 3 inches X 6 inches) standard (ACT Laboratories) with Naphtha and cleaned with a Kimwipe before applying 2.25 grams to the entire front panel surface (N 0.02 centimeters (0.008 inches) thick) with a gate applicator Micrometer The coated panels were exposed to salt spray conditions (20% aqueous sodium chloride solution) as established in MIL-G-18458B for 10 days, 10 days later, the grease was cleaned and the panels inspected to determine the red corrosion to more than 0.635 centimeters (0.25 ^ inches) of the edges of the panel. Each panel had less than 7 corrosion spots exceeding 1 mm in diameter, and the surface coverage by corrosion did not exceed 5%.

EXAMPLE 11 The following example "demonstrates that certain natural oily bases are combinable with synthetic oily bases." This Example also illustrates the formulation of a coating / film having a relatively firm or self-supporting external surface and uncured material underlying the outer surface. The following compositions were prepared according to Example 7.

-COMPOSITION A- QUANTITY COMPONENT DISTRIBUTOR 55-60 / 28-30 for Flaxseed oil / PAO ADM / Mock percent by weight, ratio 2: 1 0.75-1.0% by weight calcium silicate- J.M. Huber Corp Hubersorb 600 2.0% by weight amber wax-Bareco-Petrolite Ultraflex Bareco 6-8% by weight silica fume-Cabosil Cabot Corp. 610 -COMPOSITION B- QUANTITY COMPONENT DISTRIBUTOR 55-60 / 28-30 for Flaxseed oil / PAO ADM / Mock percent by weight, ratio 2: 1 0.75-1.0% by weight calcium silicate- J.M. Huber Corp Hubersorb 600 5.0% by weight amber wax-Bareco-Petrolite Ultraflex Bareco 6-8% by weight silica fume-Cabosil Cabot Corp. 610 These compositions were applied using a descending traction gate on an ACT steel test panel. The composition formed a coating / film in about 24 hours by drying under ambient conditions. The characteristics of the coating / film were a self-supporting and elastic layer. The portion of the coating / film between the outer layer and the test panel remained uncured in a substantially unchanged physical state. When applied to the test panel the coating / film imparted improved corrosion resistance to the panel, since the outer layer is water resistant and repellent while the underlying uncured portion inhibits the ability of corrosive materials to attack the panel. The resistance to coating / film corrosion was demonstrated in accordance with ASTM Test No. B-117 (salt spray) and D2247 (moisture)., respectively, with compositions A and B together, at 500 hours, 750 hours, and 1000 hours by ASTM B-117. The external self-supporting layer remained intact, was not penetrated by corrosive material, and remained flexible. The coating / film portion under the outer layer remained similar to a gel after 1000 hours of salt exposure. No oxidation was observed via visual detection after 1000 hours with the ASTM B-117 test. The coated test panels, respectively, with Compositions A and B were tested at 1000 hours by ASTM D2247. Similar results were obtained to the ASTM B-117 previous; except that the outer layer was more flexible. No oxidation was observed via visual detection 1000 hours after the ASTM D2247 test. In addition to the corrosion resistance, the panels coated with Composition B were evaluated to determine the resistance to temperature and pressure. In two tests the panels were coated with Composition B, allowed to cure for ~~ 48 hours under ambient conditions and placed in a All-American Type No. 25X pressure sterilizer, manufactured by Wisconsin Aluminum Foundry Co., 115.5 ° C (240 ° F) and an atmospheric pressure of 2X for a period of 24 hours The only visually detectable effect was an increase in the darkening of the external self-supporting layer, and the resistance to temperature and pressure of a panel coated with Composition B that had been exposed for 750 hours to Salt Spray ASTM B117. Similarly to the results mentioned above, the only reportable change was a darkening of the external self-supporting layer.

EXAMPLE 12 This Example illustrates a composition, which includes synthetic and natural oils, which form a self-supporting layer. The following composition was prepared by Example 7: COMPONENT DISTRIBUTOR QUANTITY Flaxseed oil ADM 50-60! by weight polybutene Indopol H-50 / Ideas Inc. 20-30% by weight calcium silicate Hubersorb 600 / Huber Corp. 2-8% by weight wax Ultraflex Amber Wax 0-4% by weight (Bareco Petrolite) fumed silica TS10 or TS20 (Cabot Corp.) 5-8% by weight polyethylene S-395-N5 (Shamrock Tech) 0-4% by weight The viscosity and adhesion properties of the above composition can be improved by adding about 1-4% by weight of stearate from lithium, for example, such as the one distributed by Reagens of Canada. The lithium stearate can be added to the composition by being introduced and mixed together with the other components of the composition.

EXAMPLE 13 This Example illustrates a non-migrating composition that can be used to reduce, if not eliminate, corrosion under insulation, and can be applied to a wet surface. The following composition was prepared as in Example 7: COMPONENT DISTRIBUTOR QUANTITY Polybutene Indopol H-50-Ideas Inc. 54-64% by weight Epoxy resin EP08YF 692-Reichhold Chemical 15-25% by weight Silice Fumante TS720-Cabor-Corp. 3-8% by weight (Cab-o-sil) Calcium Silicate Hubersorb 600-Huber Corp. 4-10% by weight Lithium Stearate Reagens-Reagen Co. Canada 4-10% by weight The above composition was applied to a wet metal substrate (test panel) without an adverse impact on adhesion to the substrate. The composition was also applied to a metallic substrate while the substrate was immersed in water. The characteristics of the composition can be designed incorporating hot-melt linseed oil, from about 5 to about 10% by weight of OKO-S70 distributed by ADM Corp. If desired, it could also be incorporated from about 5 to about 10% by weight of silicone resin to the composition, for example, the silicone distributed by GE (General Electric) of Waterford "NY.

EXAMPLE 14 The following Example demonstrates the formation of the mineral layer described above as a result of a fat / gel component that interacts with the surface of the galvanized metal substrates. The interaction was detected using an ESCA analysis according to conventional methods.

Analytical conditions for the ESCA: Instrument Physical Electronics Model 5701 LSci Source "X-ray monochrome aluminum Power source 350 watts Region of analysis 2 mm X 0.8 mm exit angle * 50 ° electron acceptance angle +7 ° Load neutralization an electron flow gun Load correction C- (CH) in the spectrum C ls to 284.6 eV * The exit angle is defined as the angle between the plane of the sample and the lenses of the electronic analyzer. The coatings were made based on the ingredients and formulation methods shown in Example 10. Different oily bases and base combinations were used. Oils, types of alkali silicate, quantities of silicate and substrates to represent a cross section of possible ranges. The different oily bases comprised polyalphaolefin (polymerized 1-decene) and linseed oil. Two types of alkali silicates, sodium silicate and calcium were also used. The alkali silicate concentration also varied from 1% to 50% by weight to show the Tinterval of possible concentrations. Each coating assembly was applied on cooled and galvanized laminated steel panels.

Each formulation was mixed and applied onto the given substrate at a thickness of between 127 and 254 μm (5 and "10 mils"). The coatings were allowed to harden for at least 24 hours and then removed from the substrate. The removal was effected first by scraping the excess coating. The residual coating was washed in the oil phase used in the formulation to absorb any silica or silicates. Finally the excess oil was removed by washing with copious amounts of naphtha. Without adequately removing the silica from the residual coating, a precipitate will be left behind in the subsequent naphtha wash, making any surface analysis more difficult or impossible.

Formulations used for the ESCA / XPS analysis Sample # 1 2 - 3 4 5 6 7% by weight of 49.3 44.3 49.3 14.3 17 79.2 70.4 44 Durasyn 174 (PAO)% by weight of 49 44 49 44 Flaxseed oil% by weight 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 12 10.8 9.6 6 Silica Fumante% by weight of 10 20 50 Sodium Silicate% by weight of 10 10 Calcium Silicate The ESCA was used to analyze the surface of each of the substrates. He "ESCA detects the reaction products between the metallic substrate and the coating.Each sample measured showed a mixture of silica and metallic silicate.The metallic silicate is the result of the reaction between metallic cations of the surface and the alkaline silicates of the coating. Silica is the result of any excess silicates from the reaction or precipitated silica from the coating removal process.The metal silicate is indicated by a binding energy (BE) of Si (2p) in the low range of 102 eV, typically between 102.1 to 102.3 The silica can be observed per Si (2p) EE between 103.3"to 103.6 eV. Higher bonding energies (> 103.8 eV) indicate precipitated silica due to the loading effect of the silica which has no chemical affinity for the surface. The resulting spectrum shows superimposed peaks, the upper deconvolution reveals binding energies of the representative intervals of metal silicate and silica.

EXAMPLE 15 The following Example demonstrates the formation of the mineral layer previously described as a result of a fat / gel component that interacts with the surface of the lead substrate. The interaction was detected using the ESCA analysis according to conventional methods. The coatings were made based on the ingredients shown in the table shown below. Different quantities of alkali silicate and silicate types were used to represent a cross section of the possible intervals. Two types of alkali silicates, sodium and calcium silicates were also used. The alkali silicate concentration also varied from 5% to 50 = by weight to show the range of possible concentrations. Each of the coatings was applied on lead coupons. Prior to the application of the gel, lead coupons cut from steel sheets (McMasters-Carr) were cleaned of their rust and dust by first sanding with a steel wool pad. The residue was rinsed with alcohol reagent and wiped with Kim. Each formulation was mixed and applied on the lead coupon to a thickness between 127 and 254 μm (5 and 10 mils). The coatings were allowed to harden for at least 24 hours and then removed from the substrate. The removal was effected first by scraping the excess coating. The residual coating was washed with the oily base used in the formulation to absorb any of the silica or silicate. Finally the excess oil was removed by washing with copious amounts of naphtha. Unsuitable removal of silica from the residual coating will leave behind a precipitate in the subsequent naphtha wash, making any surface analysis more difficult or impossible.

Formulations used for the analysis? SCA / XPS on lead panels Sample # 1 2 3 4 % by weight of Durasyn 174 89 74 89 44 % by weight of fumed silica 6 6 6 6 % by weight of Sodium Silicate _ 0 0 5 50 % by weight of Calcium Silicate - 5 20 0 0 The ESCA was used to analyze the surface of each of the substrates. The _ESCA detects the reaction products between the metal substrate and the coating. Each measured sample showed a mixture of silica and metallic silicate. The metal silicate is the result of the reaction between the metal cations on the surface and the alkaline silicates in the coating. Silica is the result of any excess silicates from the reaction or precipitated silica from the coating removal process. The metal silicate is indicated by a binding energy (BE) of Si (2p) in the low range of 102 eV, typically between 102.1 to 102.3. The silica can be observed by Si (2p) BE between 103.3 to 103.6 eV. The resulting spectrum shows a superposition of peaks, the upper deconvolution reveals binding energies of the representative intervals of silicate metal and silica. The main binding energy for all those samples was in the range of 102.1 to 102.3 eV.

EXAMPLE 16 The following Example demonstrates the formation of the above-described mineral layer, as a result of a fat / gel component that interacts with the surface of the GALFAN® substrates (a commercially available alloy comprising zinc and aluminum). »Interaction was detected using ESCA analysis according to conventional methods. The coatings were made based on the ingredients shown in the table below. Different quantities and types of alkali silicate and silicate were used to represent a cross section of possible intervals. Two types of alkali silicates, sodium silicate and calcium were also used. The alkali silicate concentration was also varied from 5% to 50% by weight to show the range of possible concentrations. Each of the coatings was applied on steel coupons coated with galfan. Prior to the application of the ~ gel, the galfan coupon, cut from galfan sheets "(GF90, Weirton Steel), was rinsed with alcohol reagent." Each formulation was mixed and applied on a lead coupon to a thickness of 127 and 254 μm (5 and 10 mils). The coatings were allowed to harden for 24 hours and then were removed from the substrate.The removal was effected first by scraping the excess coating.The residual coating was washed with the oil base used in the formulation to absorb any of the silica or " silicates. Finally, it was removed in the excess oil by washing with copious amounts of naphtha. "Unsuitable removal of the silica from the residual coating will leave behind a precipitate in the subsequent naphtha wash, with any surface analysis being more difficult or impossible.

Formulations used for the ESGA / XPS analysis on Galfan® panels Sample # 1 2 3 4% by weight 89 74 89 44 Durasyn 174% by weight of Fumed Silica% by weight 50 Sodium silicate% by weight 20 Calcium silicate The ESCA was used to analyze the surface of each of the substrates. The ESCA detects the reaction products between the metal substrate and the coating. Each measured sample showed a mixture of silica and metal silicates. The metal silicate is the result of the reaction between the metal cations on the surface and the alkaline silicates in the coating. Silica is a result of excess silicate from the reaction or precipitated silica from the coating removal process. The metal silica is indicated by the binding energy (BE) of Si (2p) in the low range of 102 eV, typically between 102.1 to 102.3. The silica can be observed by Si (2p) BE between 103.3 to 103.6 eV. The resulting spectrum shows some superposition of peaks, then deconvolution reveals binding energies at the representative intervals of the metal silicate and silica.

EXAMPLE 17 The following Example demonstrates the formation of the above-described mineral layer, as a result of a fat / gel component that interacts with the surface of the copper substrates. The interaction was detected using the ESCA analysis according to conventional methods. The coatings were made based on the ingredients shown in the table below. Different quantities and types of alkali silicate and silicate were used to represent a cross section of possible intervals. Two types of alkali silicates, sodium silicate and calcium were also used. The alkali silicate concentration was also varied from 5% to 50% by weight to show the range of possible concentrations.Each of the coatings was applied on steel coupons coated with galfan. Galfan coupon, cut from galfan leaves (C110, Fullerton Metals), was rinsed with alcohol reagent.

Each formulation was mixed and applied on a lead coupon to a thickness between 127 and 254 μm (5 and 10 mils). The coatings were allowed to harden during 24 hours and then removed from the substrate. The removal was effected first by scraping the excess coating. The residual coating was washed with the oily base used in the formulation to absorb any of the silica or silicates. Finally, the excess of oil was removed by washing with copious amounts of naphtha.The unsuitable removal of the silica from the residual coating will leave behind a precipitate in the subsequent naphtha wash, with any surface analysis being more difficult or impossible.

Formulations used for the analysis? SCA / XPS on copper Sample # 1 2 3 4% in p "that of 89 74 89 44 Durasyn 174% by weight of Silica Fumante% by weight of 50 Silicato de sodio% by weight of 20 Calcium silicate The ESCA was used to analyze the surface of each One of the substrates The ESCA detects the reaction products between the metal substrate and the coating.Each sample measured showed a mixture of silica and metallic silicates.The metallic silicate is the result of the reaction between the metal cations on the surface and the Alkaline silicates of the coating Silica is a result of excess silicate from the reaction or precipitated silica from the coating removal process.The metallic silica is indicated by the binding energy (BE) of Si (2p) in the low range of 102 eV, typically between 102.1 to 102.3 The silica can be observed by Si (2p) BE between 103.3 to 103.6 eV The resulting spectrum shows some superposition of peaks, then deconvolution reveals binding energies in the representative intervals of the metal silicate and silica. __ It is stated that in relation to this date, the best method known by the applicant to carry out the aforementioned invention, is that which is clear from the present description of the invention.

Claims (29)

1. CLAIMS Having described the invention as above, the content of the following claims is claimed as property. 1. A lubricant, fat or gel composition, characterized in that it comprises: 45 to 90% by weight of oil base 5 to 25% of at least one alkali silicate thickener, and 1 to 10% of additives 2. A lubricant composition , fat or gel, characterized in that it comprises: 7"45 to 90% by weight of oil base 5 to 25% of at least one alkali silicate thickener; and 1 to 10% additives. 3. A lubricant, grease or gel composition, characterized in that it comprises a combination of: 45 to 90% by weight of at least one oil base, at least one base polymer that is at least partially miscible in at least the oil base, minus a thickener comprising at least one silicate. 4. A lubricant, grease or gel composition, characterized in that it comprises a combination of: at least one oily base, at least one crosslinkable polymer that is at least partially miscible in at least one oily base, at least one thickener comprising at least one silicate; and, at least one dispersing oil, wherein the amount of oil base is sufficient to inhibit cross-linking of the polymer. A lubricant, grease or gel composition, characterized in that it comprises a combination of: an oily base comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of polyalphaolefin, polybutene and polyol ester, a polymer comprising at least one selected member from the group consisting of polyurethanes, epoxies, and polymers modified with oil; and, "a silicate thickener comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of sodium silicate and calcium silicate 6. A lubricant, fat or gel composition, characterized in that it comprises a combination of at least one selected oil base. of the group consisting of polyolialkenes, at least one member selected from the group consisting of epoxides of polyurethanes, epoxies modified with oil and an epoxy ester, and at least one silicate thickener - 7. A composition of lubricant, grease or gel , characterized in that it comprises a combination of at least one oil base selected from the group consisting of polymerized 1-decene and polybutene, at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of crosslinkable polymers, and at least one silicate thickener. of lubricant, grease or gel according to any of claims 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the oil base comprises at least one lialfadefine, silicone, animal, vegetable, fish, petroleum and synthetic derivatives, phosphate esters, fluorinated oils and mixtures thereof. The grease or gel composition according to any of claims 1-7, characterized in that the thickener comprises silica and at least one alkali silicate selected from the group consisting of sodium silicate and calcium silicate. The lubricant, grease or gel composition according to any of claims 1-7, characterized in that it comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of organotitanates, organocyanates, organoatinates, organophosphates; long chain fatty acids, sulfosuccinates, alkyl sulfates, phosphates, sulfonates, long chain amines, quaternary ammonium compounds, organosilicon, pine oil, pine oil derivatives, liquid resin, liquid resin derivatives, ethoxylates, acetylenic diols , fluorotensives, and mixtures thereof. 11. The lubricant, grease or gel composition according to any of claims 1-7, characterized in that it further comprises a dispersing oil comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of castor oil, soybean oil and oil. linseed. 12. The lubricant, grease or gel composition according to any of claims 1-7, characterized in that it also comprises at least one electrically conductive component of -black carbon, metal particles, conductive polymers. "13. The lubricant, grease or gel composition according to any of claims 1-7, characterized in that it further comprises the less one member selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl fluoride, phosphate esters, dithiophosphates, dithiocarbonates, calcium carbonate, zinc stearate, ammonium molybdate, chlorinated paraffins, graphite, molybdenum disulfide , tungsten disulfide, zinc oxide, borax, boron nitride, tricresyl phosphate, triphene phosphorothionate, fatty acid esters; sulphurated fatty oils or with phosphite adducts, fatty acids or fatty acid esters. 14. The lubricant, grease or gel composition according to any of claims 1-7, characterized in that it further comprises an additive comprising at least lanolin oil or lanolin wax. 15. The lubricant, grease or gel composition according to any of claims 1-7, characterized in that it comprises polyurethane or urethane. 16. The lubricant, grease or gel composition according to any of claims 1-7, characterized in that it comprises an epoxy. The lubricant, grease or gel composition according to any of claims 1-7, characterized in that it further comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of aromatic amines, hindered phenols, diphenylamino-phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine, 2,6 -di-t-butylphenol, phenotiac, alkylated diphenylamines, alkylated phenyl-alpha-naphthylamines, 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol (BHT), polymeric BHT, peroxide disintegrants, or substituted hydroxyphenyl benzotriazole. 18. The lubricant, grease or gel composition according to any of claims 1-7, characterized in that the composition is substantially free of solvent. 19. The lubricant, grease or gel composition according to any of claims 1-7, characterized in that it further comprises polyethylene 20. The lubricant, fat or gel composition according to any of claims 1-7, characterized because the oil base comprises polybutene, the polymer comprises an epoxy and the composition optionally further comprises polyethylene 21. The lubricant, fat or gel composition according to claim 4, characterized in that the dispersing oil comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of linseed, castor oil, cañola, mineral, olive, peanut, sunflower, corn, soybean, cedar, pine, mango, tung, rapeseed, jojoba, prairie foam, cotton, sesame and palm. ~ 22. The lubricant, grease or gel composition according to any of claims 1-7, characterized in that it also comprises lithium stearate. ubricant, grease or gel according to any of claims 1-7, characterized in that it further comprises an additive comprising at least one member selected from metal and polyethylene stearates. 24. The lubricant, gel or grease composition according to claim 4 or 23, characterized in that the oil dispersion comprises linseed. 25. The lubricant, grease or gel composition according to any of claims 1-7, characterized in that it further comprises an additive comprising polyethylene. 26. A method for reducing corrosion, characterized in that it comprises: applying the composition according to any of claims 1-7 on a substrate comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of metallic wire, feeder links, tubes, strands, cables or tendons lined, battery terminals and mechanical retention mechanisms. 27. A method for = improving the corrosion resistance of metal surfaces, characterized in that it comprises applying the composition according to any of claims 1-7, wherein the application comprises at least one of spray, pumping, manual application, with brush, with towel, with gloves, by immersion or injection under pressure. 28. The method according to claim 26 or "27, characterized in that the substrate of the surface is covered by insulation 29. The use of the composition according to any of claims 1-25 to reduce the corrosion rate of a surface. that contains metal forming a mineral on the surface, where the mineral is the reaction product formed between the surface and the composition.