MXPA99006920A - Production method of iron carbide - Google Patents
Production method of iron carbideInfo
- Publication number
- MXPA99006920A MXPA99006920A MXPA/A/1999/006920A MX9906920A MXPA99006920A MX PA99006920 A MXPA99006920 A MX PA99006920A MX 9906920 A MX9906920 A MX 9906920A MX PA99006920 A MXPA99006920 A MX PA99006920A
- Authority
- MX
- Mexico
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- iron
- heating
- reactor
- iron carbide
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 83
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- 230000001351 cycling Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 12
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron(II,III) oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000499 pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000005451 Agave tequilana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000003498 Agave tequilana Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010040844 Skin exfoliation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004299 exfoliation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052595 hematite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011019 hematite Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000460 iron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020070 mezcal Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004642 transportation engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
Abstract
A production method of iron carbide for preventing easy formation of a metallic carbide on the inner surface of a heating tube of a tubular heating furnace for heating a reducing gas and a carbonizing gas supplied to a reaction furnace, comprising heating the carbonizing gas supplied to the reaction furnace (1) by a combustion exhaust gas after heating of the reducing gas and a cycling gas inside the tubular heating furnace (6), introducing then their mixed gas into the reaction furnace (1), and reducing and carbonizing the iron-containing raw material in the reaction furnace (1).
Description
METHOD TO PRODUCE IRON CARBIDE
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a method for producing iron carbide suitable as raw materials for the manufacture of iron and steelmaking, which comprises iron carbide (Fe3C) as the main component, for example, raw materials for manufacturing of steel used in an electric oven and the like.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Steel production typically involves the steps of converting iron ore to pig iron using a blast furnace, and then converting pig iron to steel using a converter or open hearth furnace. This traditional method requires large amounts of energy and large-scale equipment, and has a high cost. Therefore, it has been used for steelmaking on a smaller scale, a method comprising the steps of directly converting iron ore into raw materials used in the steelmaking furnace, and converting raw materials into steel. using an electric oven and similar. With regard to the direct steelmaking process, a direct reduction process has been used to convert iron material into reduced iron. However, the reduced iron produced by the direct reduction process is highly reactive and reacts on the oxygen in the air to generate heat. Therefore, it is necessary to seal the reduced iron with an inert gas, or by any other measure, during transportation and storage of the reduced iron. According to this, the iron carbide (Fe3C) which has a comparatively high iron (Fe) content, and which has a low reaction activity and can be easily transported and stored, has recently been used as the raw material for the manufacture of steel in an electric furnace and the like. In addition, the raw material for steelmaking or for the manufacture of iron containing iron carbide as the main component, is not only easy to be transported and stored, but also has the advantage that combined elemental carbon can be used with elemental iron as a fuel source in a steelmaking and ironmaking furnace, and can be used as a source to generate micro bubbles that accelerate a reaction in the steelmaking furnace. Therefore, the raw materials containing iron carbide as the main component for the manufacture of steel and for the manufacture of iron has recently attracted special interest. According to the conventional method for producing iron carbide, fine iron ores are fed into a fluidized bed reactor or the like, and are reacted with a gas mixture comprising a reduction gas (e.g. hydrogen gas) and a Carburization gas (for example methane gas and the like) at a predetermined temperature. In this way, the iron oxides (for example hematite (Fe2O3), magnetite (Fe3O4), wustite (FeO)) contained in the iron ore are reduced and carburized in a simple process (which means a process carried out by introducing simultaneously a reduction gas and a carburizing gas to a simple reactor). This reaction is carried out by the following general reaction formula (1).
3Fe2O3 + 5H2 + 2CH4? 2 Fe3C + 9H2O (1)
The state of the art related to the field of the present invention has been described, for example, in the publication Number 6-501983 of the Japanese translation of the International Patent Application Number (PCT / US91 / 05198).
In order to easily understand the present invention, an example of an apparatus for producing iron carbide according to the state of the art will be described below. For example, an apparatus shown in Figure 3 has been known. With reference to Figure 3, reference number 1 designates a reactor. The raw materials containing iron are fed to the reactor 1 through the feed hole 2 and the iron carbide is discharged from the discharge orifice 3. Reference numbers 4, 5 and 6 indicate a dehumidifier, a compressor, a tube-shaped heater, respectively. The reactor 1, the dehumidifier 4, the compressor 5 and the heater 6 form a circulation circuit 7. Reference number 8 is a line for supplying natural gas containing methane as a main component. Line 8 diverges on line 9 and line 10, and line 9 is connected to circulation circuit 7 at the rear of compressor 5. Line 10 is connected to circulation circuit 7 by means of current reformer 11, converter alternate 12 and decarboner 13. Below an example of the method for producing iron carbide using the above apparatus will be described. When the raw materials containing iron for the manufacture of iron are fed to the reactor 1 through the feed orifice 2, the raw materials containing iron are reduced and carburized inside the reactor 1 to be converted into iron carbide according to the reaction formula (1) above. In this reaction, since the hydrogen is consumed to carry out a reduction reaction and the methane is consumed to carry out a carburization reaction, it is necessary to supply the reactor 1 with the reduction gas component and the carburization gas component. Therefore, the natural gas containing methane as the main component is supplied as the carburizing gas component to the circulation circuit 7 through line 9. The natural gas flowing through line 10 is the reformed stream of according to the reaction formula (2) below in the current reformer 11.CH4 + H2O? 3 H2 + CO (2)
The carbon monoxide contained in the gas of the reformed stream is converted to hydrogen and carbon dioxide in the alternating converter 12 according to reaction formula (3) below.
CO + H2O - > H2 + CO2 (3)
The carbon dioxide obtained by the reaction in the alternating converter 12 is removed from the gas in the decarboner 13. In this manner, hydrogen is supplied from line 10 to circulation circuit 7. As described above, methane and methane Hydrogen supplied to the circulation circuit 7 is heated in the tube-shaped heater 6 to a temperature of 650-700 ° C with circulating gas flowing through the circuit 7. However, if the gas containing hydrogen and methane is heating at such a high temperature, the hydrocarbon (CnHm) comprising methane as the main component is thermally decomposed and the active carbon is generated according to the following reaction formula (4). As we have in the reaction formula (5) below, this active carbon is reacted with the metal component (M), such as Nickel and the like, which is the material of the heating tube as it is a constituent component of the heater. As a result, metallic carbide (MxC) is formed.
CnHm? nC + (m / 2) H2 (4) C + XM? MXC (5) Figure 5 shows a cementing rate of 20Cr-12Ni steel as an example of carburizing the metal under the temperature conditions of 750 ° C, pressure of 4-6 atm, and the reaction gas comprising a mixture of CH4, CO, CO2, H2 and H2O. In figure 5, line A of the graph indicates the case in which the CH4 account for 60% by volume of the mezcal of the gases above, and line B of the graph indicates the case in which the CH4 has by 65% by volume in the mixture of the gases above. As shown in Figure 5, a carburizing rate is in the range of about 2.1 to 6.0 mg / cm2 * 60hr. However, if the formation of the metal carbide becomes a supersaturated condition, the carbon is separated from the metal carbide as shown in the following reaction formula (6). At this time, the metallic component inside the heating tube 14 shown in Figure 4 is exfoliated and it is possible that the phenomenon occurs such that the thickness of the heating tube decreases or small corrosion pores are formed. MXC? xM + C (6) In consideration of the above-mentioned problems of the state of the art, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing iron carbide in which it is difficult for metal carbide to be formed inside the tube of heating a tube-shaped heater which heats the reduction gas and the carburizing gas to supply them to a reactor.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In order to conclude the object mentioned above, the present invention is characterized in that the carburizing gas is heated separately from the reducing gas or circulation gas and heated to a lower temperature than the reducing gas or circulation gas. As a result, according to the present invention, it is possible to control the formation of active carbon in a tube-shaped heater and decrease the exfoliation of the metallic component of the heating tube due to the separation of the heater. A first aspect of the present invention is directed to a method for producing iron carbide comprising the heating steps of the hydrocarbon gas, hydrogen gas, which have been supplied from the outside, and a circulation gas in a heater in the form of tubing, and then supplying said gases to the reactor in order to convert the iron ore into iron carbide, where only the hydrocarbon gas is heated in a heating tube separate from the heating tubes for the other reaction gases and then mixed with other reaction gases in order to supply the reactor. A second aspect of the present invention is directed to a method for producing iron carbide comprising the step of supplying iron carbide, hydrogen gas, which have been supplied from the outside, and a circulation gas to a reactor in order to convert the iron ore into iron carbide, where the hydrocarbon gas is mixed with the other reaction gases , which have been heated in a tube-shaped heater, in order to supply the reactor. A third aspect of the present invention is directed to a method for producing iron carbide comprising the steps of heating the hydrocarbon gas, hydrogen gas, which have been supplied from the outside, and a circulating gas in a heater in tube form, and then supplying said gases to a reactor in order to convert the iron ore to iron carbide, where a mixture of hydrocarbon gas and part of the circulation gas are heated in a heating tube separate from the heating tubes for the other reaction gases and then mixed with the other reaction gases to supply the reactor. It is preferable that the temperature of the hydrocarbon gas, which has been supplied from the outside, in the inner wall of the heating tube is not more than the thermal decomposition temperature of the hydrocarbon gas, and more preferably that said temperature is in The temperature range from 350 to 650 ° C. According to the present invention, iron-containing raw materials for the manufacture of iron are fed to a reactor. Raw materials containing iron are reduced and carburized by reducing gas (hydrogen gas) and carburizing gas (hydrocarbon gas), which have been heated to a predetermined temperature in a heater and supplied to the reactor, to be converted to carbide. iron (Fe3C). And then the iron carbide is discharged from the discharge orifice of the reactor. The gas after the reaction in the reactor is circulated through a circulation circuit. Because a certain amount of reduction gas and carburization gas is consumed in the reaction, a predetermined amount of the reduction gas component and the carburization gas component is supplied to this reaction. However, if the carburizing gas is heated to a high temperature, the active carbon is generated by obeying the thermal decomposition of the hydrocarbon contained in the carburizing gas. The active carbon from above reacts with the metallic component which is the material of the heating tube as it is a constituent component of the heater to form metallic carbide. If the metal carbide formation becomes a supersaturated condition, the carbon is separated from the metal carbide. At this time, the metallic component of the heating tube can exfoliate. However, in accordance with the present invention, because the carburizing gas (or a mixture of hydrocarbon gas and part of the circulation gas) is heated separately from the circulation gas or reduction gas, it is possible to form carbide not metal on the heating tube without the thermal decomposition of the decomposition gas during the heating of the carburization gas. Especially, if the heating temperature of the carburizing gas is in the range of 350 to 650 ° C, the metal carbide formation becomes lower than that made under other temperatures. According to the above, it is possible to extend the life of the heating tube. According to the present invention, because the metal carbide is controlled to be formed inside the tube heaters which heat the reduction gas and the carburization gas to be supplied to the reactor, the metal component of the The heater tube does not exfoliate and it is possible to extend the life of the heater tube.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a preferred example of an apparatus suitable for performing the method for producing the iron carbide according to the present invention; Figure 2 is a partially enlarged view of the tube-shaped heater shown in Figure 1; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an apparatus for producing iron carbide according to the state of the art; Figure 4 is a partially enlarged view of the tube-shaped heater shown in Figure 3; Figure 5 is an example of the rate of carburizing of the metal.
BEST WAY TO CARRY OUT THE INVENTION
After this, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing a preferred example of the apparatus suitable for performing the method for producing iron carbide according to the present invention. Figure 1 shares the same reference numbers as shown in Figure 3. Figure 1 is different from Figure 3 in that line 9a diverged from line 8 to supply natural gas is connected to the back of the heater in the form 6. That is, as shown in Figure 2, the natural gas flowing through the line 9a is heated in a separate heating tube in the heater 6 from the heating tube 14 through which the circulation gas and reduction gas. As described above, because the line 9a is heated by the combustion gas (G) used to heat the heating tube 14, the temperature of the line 9a is maintained in the range of a temperature of 350-650 °. C. As a result, it is difficult for natural gas flowing through line 9a to undergo thermal decomposition, thereby controlling the generation of active carbon. According to the foregoing, the generation of the metal carbide that obeys to the cementation in the interiors of the line 9a and the heating tube 14 is controlled, and the metallic component of the line 9a and the heating tube ^ does not exfoliate. Accordingly, in Figure 1, it is possible to mix part of the circulation gas with natural gas flowing through line 9a and heat line 9a by combustion of gas (G) used to heat the heating tube, as described above. Also, in Figure 1, it is possible to make the line 9a deviate from the heater 6 without going through the tube heater (not heating the gas contained in the line 9a in the heater 6) and connecting the line 9a to the back of the heater 6.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY As the present invention has the constitution mentioned above the apparatus in accordance with the present invention is suitable for an apparatus for producing
Claims (4)
1. A method for producing iron carbide comprising the steps of heating the hydrocarbon gas, hydrogen gas, which have been supplied from the outside, and a circulating gas in a tube-shaped heater, and then supplying said gases to a reactor in order to convert the iron ore into iron carbide, where only the hydrocarbon gas is heated in a heating tube separated from the heating tubes for the other reaction gases and then mixed with the other reaction gases in order to be supplied to the reactor.
2. A method for producing iron carbide comprising the step of supplying the hydrocarbon gas, the hydrogen gas, which have been supplied from the outside, and a circulating gas to a reactor in order to convert the ore from iron in iron carbide, wherein the hydrocarbon gas is mixed with the other reaction gases, which have been heated in a tube-shaped heater, in order to be supplied to the reactor.
3. A method for producing iron carbide comprising the steps of heating the hydrocarbon gas, hydrogen gas, which have been supplied from the outside, and a circulating gas in a tube-shaped heater, and then supplying said gases to a reactor in order to convert the iron ore to iron carbide, where a mixture of the hydrocarbon gas and part of the circulation gas are heated in a heating tube separate from the heating tubes for the other gases of reaction and then mixed with the other reaction gases in order to be supplied to the reactor.
4. The method for producing iron carbide according to claim 1 or claim 3, wherein the temperature of the hydrocarbon gas, which has been supplied from the outside, in the inner wall of the heating tube is not greater than the thermal decomposition temperature of the hydrocarbon gas.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| HEHEI9-45625 | 1997-02-28 | ||
| JP9-45625 | 1997-02-28 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| MXPA99006920A true MXPA99006920A (en) | 2000-01-01 |
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