MXPA99004648A - Production of soft paper products from coarse cellulosic fibers - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention encompasses a sanitary paper product including a wet-laid, surfactant treated nonwoven fibrous structure including coarse pulp fibers at least a portion contain oil and having a lower cup crush load and energy than an identical fibrous structure lacking the surfactant treatment.

Description

PRODUCTION OF DR PftpEL PRODUCTS .SUAVE OF FIBERS ^ HEAVY CELLULOSIS CROSS REFERENCE FOR ASSOCIATED APPLICATIONS The present is a continuation in part of the United States Patent Application Serial No. 08 / 889,001, filed July 7, 1997, which is a continuation of the United States Patent Application Serial No. 08 / 753,462, filed on November 25, 1996, which is a continuation of part of the application of United States Patent Series No. 08 / 547,745, filed October 26, 1995, which is a continuation in part of the United States Patent Application Serial Number 08 / 268,232, filed on June 29, 1994.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In typical papermaking processes, there is a general correlation between the roughness and softness or feel of the resulting paper product.

High-quality expensive fibers with bleached fibers from softwood kraft paper from the north are thin, flexible and are used to produce very thin, soft, convenient papers. In contrast, the mechanical pulp production of Softwoods produce high-performance, rough, stiff fibers that are typically used to make newspaper.

Residential fibers typically include recycled newspapers. Newspapers contain a preponderance of harsh high performance fibers, typically stone mechanical pulp (SGW), thermo-mechanical pulp (TMP) and / or pulp fibers. chemicotermorr-ecSnica (CTMP, for its acronym in English). The rough fibers of newspaper are usually very refined to cause fractures and fibrillations that help to give resistance to the resulting newspaper. This refinement changes the looseness of the rough fiber from "very" loose fibers to fibers of "little" ease. If those refined, high-performance, harsh, mechanically pulped fibers were used in a very thin papermaking process, the resulting sheet would not be smooth, and therefore much less suitable for very thin papers.

Another disadvantage to using recyclable newspapers or other recycled fibers is that, typically, absorbency is lost after recycling due to the drying process thereof. Consequently, these recycled fibers are not suitable for very thin papers.

A recent in-depth discussion of the relationship between the softness of very thin papers and the roughness of the fiber is found in Canadian Patent No. "2,076,615.The success of the production of paper-type sanitary paper products has not been successful. Very thin or soft towel made from a large part of high performance fibers such as CTMP pulp, TMP or SGW Thus, producing very thin papers and soft towels by recycling old newspapers has not succeeded in part because the predominant fiber in newspaper or old newspapers are fibers of little freedom or loose, rough, high performance .

Other factors that complicate the production of very thin papers and soft towels from recycled newspapers are problems in the operation of paper machines due to poor drainage of loose fibers and problems with fines and other substances that accumulate in The water system of the paper machine (waste water) These materials make it difficult to crease the very thin paper sheet in the Yankee drying cylinder, and therefore it is necessary to operate the paper machine under conditions that do not promote maximum smoothness.

The conventional recycling of newspapers / newsprint to obtain fibers comparable to the type of those that are used to make the newsprint originally are known in the art as "deink" and typically include processing pulp, washing, filtering, centrifugal cleaning, solubilization of insoluble contaminants (usually by means of powerful corrosive treatments), washing and bleaching of fibers to neutralize the "yellowing effects of corrosive treatments.

The first step in conventional recycling of old newspapers is to separate the paper into individual fibers in water to form a pulp slurry. The caustic soda is added to facilitate the solubilization and separation of contaminants from the fibers. After this, the inks and contaminants are removed from the fibers by combining several process steps such as filtration, centrifugal cleaning, washing, flotation and the like. The filtration and centrifugal cleaning steps remove large contaminants such as paper clips, staples, plastics, etc. The main purpose of the washing and flotation steps is to suspend contaminants, such as ash and inks, in the water and remove them from the fibers.

Unfortunately, due to the use of caustic soda in the corrosive treatment that facilitates the removal of the contaminant, some yellowing of the fibers occurs. After or during the treatment of caustic soda and washing, the fibers are usually bleached "to neutralize this effect produced by the caustic soda or to manufacture better fibers with greater brilliance than the fibers of the original paper of waste. The clean, decontaminated and bleached fibers are mixed with virgin fibers and then used in a papermaking process for which the properties thereof are adequate. Because the starting fibers are newspaper-type (ie, rough, with little looseness and little brightness), these recycled fibers are reused more frequently to produce white newspaper. Their excessive roughness and looseness make them unsuitable for producing very thin soft papers unless they are mixed with a greater part of higher quality fibers such as bleached pulp of softwood kraft paper from the north. Unfortunately, these higher quality fibers tend to be more expensive, so they raise the cost of the final product.

The conventional reduction in newspaper pulp used to obtain recirculated newspaper fiber is typically done in a high friction pulp reducer in a consistency of 4-18% and at 90 ° F-160 ° F for 20 to 60 minutes, depending of the exact type of waste paper that is processed. Caustic soda or other alkaline substances such as sodium silicate are commonly used to raise the pH of the pulp slurry to pH 9-10 to aid in the separation of the fibers (defibration) and also to release the inks and remove the dirt from the pulp. the fiber. At an alkaline pH, the vegetable oils in the inks are saponified, while the mineral oils are emulsified by the combination of alkaline pH and soap, all of which facilitates the removal of oils during washing. As an additional aid in the separation of fiber inks, a surfactant auxiliary is generally added for deinking (for higher pH degrees).

The passage of caustic soda in the recycling processes of newspaper used to obtain very clean quality fibers causes the fibers to swell and this solubilizes many components. In addition to saponifying the vegetable-based printing oils, caustic soda saponifies natural organic acids that are typical of the newspapers used to produce the corresponding soaps from the materials that can be saponified. The vegetable oils and saponified organic acids that are thus formed help in the removal of other contaminants from the fibers, such as unsaponifiable printing oils (mineral oil). These substances are then removed from the fibers by means of washing and / or flotation after treatment with caustic soda.

A major recycling company for used newspapers, Garden State Paper, in recent newspaper articles, one titled "The Big? D ': Getting Rid of the Ink in Recycled Fiber" (La Gran? D': Getting rid of the Ink in Recycled Fiber ), which appears in the Paper Age, Annual Recycling 1991, on pages 23 and 50, and the other article entitled "Recycling From the Newsprint Perspective" (Recycling from the Periodic Paper Perspective), on pages 9, 12 and 13 of the same 1991 Annual Recycling, (Paper Age newspaper, Annual Recycling 1991), describes its recycling and de-cleaning processes and filtration that follows through a series of 3 Washes that are facilitated by the addition of chemicals to emulsify printing oils and resins. Again this process helps to remove, as much as possible, the compounds of the printing ink, including the oils. This is especially important because the recycled fiber of newspaper is made into white newspaper that would not have the proper gloss or strength if the components of the ink were not removed.

There is a need that has been felt for a long time and that has not been satisfied by a soft paper product made of high performance, harsh fibers. There is also a need for an economical and practical process for treating these fibers so that they are suitable for making soft paper products. This need also extends to a process for treating newspaper fibers / newsprint so that they are suitable for making soft paper products as well as soft paper products containing those treated fibers. In addition, there is a need to make high absorbency products from recycled rough fibers.

DEFINITIONS As used herein, the term "non-woven fabric" refers to a fabric having a structure of individual fibers or threads that are interleaved to form a matrix, but without an identifiable repetitive manner. Nonwoven fabrics were formed in the past by a variety of processes known to those skilled in the art as, for example, blow-melt, spin-bond, wet-mold, and various "pattern-bonding" processes.

As used herein, the term "yarn-bonded fabric" refers to a fabric of fibers and / or small diameter yarns that are formed by injection molding a molten thermoplastic material into yarns of a plurality of fine capillaries, generally circular in a row rapidly reducing the diameter of the extruded yarns, for example, by extraction of non-eductive or eductive liquids or by means of other well-known spinning bonding mechanisms. The production of non-woven fabrics bonded with yarn is illustrated in patents such as Appel, and the like. U.S. Patent No. 4,340,563.

As used herein, the term "blown melt fibers" refers to fibers that are formed by injection molding a molten thermoplastic material to through a plurality of fine matrix capillaries, generally circular in strands or fused wires in a high velocity gas stream (air) that minimizes the diameter reduction of the molten thermoplastic yarns, which can be used for microfiber diameter . After this, the meltblown fibers are transported by the high speed gas stream and are deposited on a collection surface to form a randomly discharged meltblown fiber fabric. The meltblowing process is well known and is described in various patents and publications including the NRL Report 4364, "Manufacture of Super-Fine Organic Fibers" of V.A. Wendt, E.L. Boone and C.D. Flu-tiarty; Report NRL 5265, "An Improved Device for the Formation of Super-Fine Thermoplastic Fibers" of K.D. (Enhanced Mechanism for Formation of Super Fine Thermoplastic Fibers). Lawrence, R.T. Lukas and J.A. Young; and U.S. Patent No. 3,849,241, issued November 19, 1974, to Buntin, and the subsequent.

As used herein, the term "Microfibers" means small diameter fibers that do not have an average diameter greater than 100 microns, for example, a diameter of 0.5 microns to 50 microns, more ~ specifically microfibers can also have an average diameter of 1 micron to 20 microns . Microfibers that have an average diameter of 3 microns or less are usually referred to as ultra microfibers thin A description of a process that exemplifies the making of ultra-fine microfibers can be found in U.S. Patent No. 5,213,881, entitled "A Nonwoven Web With Improved Barrier Properties." As used herein, the term "cellulosic fibrous material" refers to a non-woven fabric including cellulosic fibers (pulp) having a structure of individual fibers that are interspersed, but "not in an identifiable repeated form." Those fabrics were formed, in the past, by a variety of nonwoven manufacturing processes known to those skilled in the art such as, for example, air molding, water molding and / or papermaking processes Examples of cellulosic fibrous materials include papers, very thin papers, and similar, these materials can be treated to impart the appropriate properties using processes such as glazing, creping, hydraulic puncture, "hydraulic" tangle and the like. In general, cellulosic fibrous material can be prepared from cellulose fibers from synthetic sources or sources such as wood and woodless plants. Wood plants include ephemeral and coniferous trees. Plants without wood include cotton, flax, esparto, milkweed, straw? jute, hemp, bagasse. The cellulose fibers can be modified by various treatments such as thermal, chemical and / or mechanical fibrous materials.

Reconstituted and / or synthetic cellulosics can be used and / or mixed with other cellulose fibers of the cellulose fibrous material. These may also be composite materials containing cellulosic fibers and one or more non-cellulosic fibers and / or yarns. A description of a composite cellulosic fibrous material can be found in U.S. Patent No. 5,284, 703.

As used herein, the term "pulp" refers to the cellulose fibrous material that originates from wood and wood-free plants. Wood plants include ephemeral trees and conifers, woodless plants include cotton, flax, esparto grass, milkweed, straw, jute, hemp, bagasse, etc. The pulp can be modified by various treatments such as thermal, chemical and / or mechanics.

As used herein, the term "machine direction" is the direction of a material parallel to its direction of conduction during processing.

As used herein, the term "transverse direction" is the sense of a material perpendicular to its machine direction.

As used herein, the term "cup crushing" refers to a test that is used to determining the detectable smoothness, in particular the stiffness, of a material using the maximum load and the energy units of a constant index expansion test machine (hereinafter referred to as "CRE").

As used herein, the term "charge" refers to the force, in units of weight, applied to a body. The units of weight can be recorded in gram-force, which is the force of a mass under the gravity of the earth and is analogous to the English units of pound-force. The term gram-force can henceforth be abbreviated "g £".

As used herein, the term "energy" refers to the force by the distance that was required to perform the work and can be recorded in units of gram-force per millimeter, which can be abbreviated "g £ mm" in the following.

As used herein, the term "machine direction traction" (hereinafter "MDT") is the breaking force of the machine direction that is needed to break a specimen of one or three inches wide and can be recorded as gram-force.

As used herein, the term "transverse direction traction" (hereinafter "CDT") is the breaking force of the transverse direction that It is needed to break a specimen from one to three inches and can be recorded as gram-force.

As used herein, the term "basis weight" (hereinafter "BW") is the mass per area of a specimen and may be recorded as gram per square meter, which may be abbreviated hereinafter " g / m2".

As used herein, the term "normalized tensile strength" (hereinafter "NTS") is the measurement of the strength of a material, usually a nonwoven fabric or cloth, and it can be recorded as gram-force per square meter divided by gram, which can henceforth be abbreviated "g £ m / g". The larger the NTS, the stronger the specimen with which it is related. The NTS is calculated by means of the formula: NTS = (MDT * CDT) ° 5 / BW As used herein, the term "--Flexion Kawabata "refers to a test that is used to assess the amount of resistance one would perceive when handling a material.The results of this test can be expressed as flexural stiffness and flexural hysteresis.

As used herein, the term "bending stiffness" refers to the strength of a material to be bent. The larger the value, the more resistant the material to be folded. The stiffness value can be expressed in units of gram-force per square centimeter divided by centimeter, which can be abbreviated "g £ cm2 / cm" in the following.

As used herein, the term "bending hysteresis" refers to the inability of a material to "recover when bent." The larger the value of the hysteresis, the lower the material's recoverability. it can be expressed in units of gram-force per centimeter divided by centimeter, which can henceforth be abbreviated "g £ cm / cm".

As used herein, the term "wicking effect" refers to a test that is used to measure the rate at which a material absorbs liquid by means of capillary action. The results of this test can be expressed as the XY wick effect, Z-wick effect and total wick effect.

As used herein, the term "XY wicking effect" refers to the speed at which a liquid will redistribute away from the source liquid to the balance of the sheet and can expressed in grams of liquid per gram of material per second, which can be abbreviated as "g / g / s" in the following.

As used herein, the term "Z-wicking effect" refers to the rate at which a liquid enters "into a material and is absorbed vertically from the bottom to the top of the material." Wick effect Z can be expressed as grams of liquid per gram of material per second, which can be abbreviated as "g / g / s" in the following.

As used herein, the term "total wicking effect" refers to the total amount of liquid absorbed during a given period of time, and can be expressed in grams of liquid per grams of material, which may be abbreviated as "g" in the following. / g. " As used herein, the term "whitening" refers to a process where bleach is added to the fibers, causing the whiteness and brilliance of the fibers.

As used herein, the term "roughness" is the weight per unit length of the fiber, expressed as milligrams per 100 meters. Typically, a fiber is considered rough when it has "a value greater than 12 milligrams per 100 meters.

As used herein, the term "wrinkled" refers to a wavy surface of a material, such as paper. The example of a process for creating a "curly" surface includes placing a sheet of paper on the surface of a Yankee machine for drying and then removing the sheet with a doctor's knife.

As used herein, the term "unwrinkled" refers to a material that does not have a curled surface.

As used herein, the term "ream" refers to an area unit and is defined as 2880 square feet of a material.- - As used herein, the term "office paper" refers to a paper or waste printing fiber in a typical office setting. Typically, these papers include papers with at least 80 percent-top grade, white or bleach that can be recycled to create superior paper products, such as very thin paper. However, some lower-grade papers, such as chipboard and dark-colored papers, as well as some contaminants, such as hot-melt adhesives and staples, may also be present, but not in a percentage greater than 20 percent of the total mix As used herein, the term "mixed residential fiber or paper" refers to the fiber recovered from residences such as old newspapers, mechanical stone pulp, and magazines. Typically, these fibers include up to 75 percent of old newspapers and mechanical stone pulp, and up to 10 percent corrugated paper. Typically, these papers can be recycled to create lower quality paper products, such as cartons used in commercial cereal boxes.

SYNTHESIS OF THE INVENTION The present invention points out the needs described above to provide a method for modifying high yielding rough type pulp in suitable pulps to produce very thin soft paper type products. The rough, loose, high-yield type pulp is also found in newsprint (ie, newspapers), and according to the present invention, can be modified to produce very thin soft paper products by retaining or adding certain types of paper. oils that are typically found in newspaper ink or fibers as they expand in water and a surfactant.

Bleached or unbleached virgin, harsh, high-performance fibers (for example stone-mechanical, thermomechanical and chemothermomechanical pulps) can be made suitable for producing very thin paper type soft products by adding oils and subjecting the virgin fibers purposely treated with oils to appropriate surfactant treatment. In accordance with the present invention new fiber and sanitary paper products are created which mostly contain high performance rough type fibers treated with surfactant.

The method for making sanitary paper products from residential fibers includes the steps: (a) pulp residential fibers in shaking water to produce a slurry of pulp, the fiber of residential fibers contains an amount of oil that varies from 0.010% to 2.0%, by weight, and "" slurry with a consistency between 3% and 18% and a pH lower than 8.0; (b) adding a slurry to the pulp slurry and maintaining it at a temperature above 100 ° F for at least 15 minutes so that a substantial amount of the old newspaper oil is retained; (c) increasing the consistency of the slurry between 3.5% and 18% (using, for example, a washing or drying step); and (d) using the treated pulp as a fiber source in a papermaking process to produce "sanitary paper products." The method of the invention may also include prior steps of deinking and refining in addition to the other steps mentioned above. .

The surfactant can be selected from anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants and / or a symbiosis of the same. The present suitable amount of the surfactant can be from 0.010% to 1.00%, by weight (based on the weight of the dry fibers). In one aspect of the invention, the surfactant can be added to the pulp slurry before finishing the pulping step.

In general, the pH of the pulp slurry is kept below 8. For example, the pH of the pulp slurry can be maintained between 4 and 7.

According to the invention, the pH and the chemical additions for the newspaper pulp slurry are insufficient to saponify the oily components. Fiber in newspapers can have an oil content that varies from 0.010% to 2.0%, by weight, and grout with a consistency between 3% and 18%, for example, from 3% to 10%.

The method for making sanitary paper products from harsh virgin cellulosic fibers includes the steps: (a) pulping harsh cellulosic fibers in shaking water to produce a pulp slurry, the slurry having a consistency between 3% and 18% and a pH less than 8.0; (b) add a surfactant to the pulp slurry and maintain it at a temperature above 100 ° F for at least 15 minutes; (c) drying the slurry at a consistency of 15% to 35%; (d) crumble the dried leshada to produce fiber in crumbs; " (e) passing the fiber in crumbs through a fiber spreader and mixing the oil in the printing ink with the fiber while maintaining the fibers at a temperature of 100 ° F to produce pulp treated with oily products; and (f) using the treated pulp as a source of fibers in a papermaking process to produce sanitary paper products.

The surfactant may be selected from anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants and / or a combination thereof. The present amount of the surfactant can be from 0.010% to 1.00%, by weight (based on the weight of the dry fibers). In one aspect of the invention, the surfactant may be added before the molding step.

The method of the invention may also include a step of refinement prior to the step of using the processed pulp as a source of fibers in a papermaking process to produce sanitary paper products.

In general, the pH of the pulp slurry is kept below 8. For example, the pH of the pulp slurry can be maintained between 4 and 7.

The rough cellulosic fibers preferably have a roughness greater than 12 mg / 100 meters.

According to the method of the invention, the oil in the printing ink can be combined with the fiber while maintaining the fibers at a temperature of 100 ° F or higher. Preferably, the oil of the printing ink can be mixed are the fiber while maintaining the fibers at a temperature of 180%.

The method of the present invention discussed above may also include the steps for: introducing the treated pulp into a papermaking sonufacturing system in a main box (or feeding tub) of a papermaking machine; add a surfactant system to the treated pulp; and using the treated pulp in a papermaking process to produce sanitary paper products.

The surfactant system may comprise a mixture of anidic and cationic surfactants. This system can be added to the pulp treated in an amount of 0.01% to 1.5% based on the weight of the dry fiber. For example, the surfactant system can be added to the pulp treated in an amount of 0.05% to 1.00% based on the weight of the dry fiber. The treated pulp can be introduced into the papermaking machine in a consistency ranging from 1.0% to 0.05%.

The present invention includes - the method described above wherein the sanitary paper product made using pulp Treated is a thin type paper made at a basis weight between 5 and 35 pounds per ream. The sanitary paper produsto can also be a paper napkin hesha are basic weight between 7 and 35 pounds per ream. The sanitary paper produsto can also be a paper towel made with a basis weight between 10 and 40 pounds per resm.

New "sanitary paper products are preferably made from cellulose fibers that include rough fibers that have a Kajaani roughness of more than 12 milligrams per 100 meters, and have a basis weight between 5 and 40 pounds per ream, a Resistance to Normalized Trassion. (metric) between 5.0 and 200.0 and with a content of 0.010% to 2.0% of an oil selected from the group comprising vegetable oils, mineral oils, lanolin oils and derivatives thereof.

The present invention also includes a method for modifying cellulosic fibers by improving their very thin papermaking properties and towels. The method for modifying cellulosic fibers includes the steps for: " (a) add between 0.010% and 2.0% of a mineral oil, vegetable oil, lanolin oil or its derivatives to the harsh cellulose fibers in a 15% to 35% consistency or more, crumbling the fibers through a disperser of fibers while these are maintained at a temperature of 100 ° F or more and the oil is mixed with print quality with them; Y (b) adding from 0.010% to 1.00%, by weight, of a surfactant to the raw materials in a consistency between 3% and 18% and at a temperature between 100 ° F and 140 ° F for at least 15 minutes.

The present invention includes and improved the cellulose fiber to produce sanitary paper products described herein which is a cellulosic fiber modified with surfactant and oil, having a harshness of Kajaani fiber greater than 12 milligrams / 100 meters, and between 0.010% and 2.0% of oil selected from the group comprising vegetable oils, mineral oils, lanolin oils and derivatives thereof.

The present invention further includes a sanitary paper product that includes a non-woven fibrous structure treated with surfactant, in wet repose that includes rough pulp fibers, "at least a portion contains oil and has a very low grinding load and energy. soup that an identical fibrous structure that lacks treatment with - surfastante.

In addition, the fibrous structure is not curly and has a cup crushing twill softness index greater than 7. 0. Furthermore, the fibrous structure has a cup crushing loading softness index greater than 8.0. On the other hand, the fibrous structure has a cup crushing energy softness index greater than 0.39. Moreover, the fibrous structure has a cup crushing energy softness index greater than 0.45. Moreover, the fibrous structure has a machine direction bending stiffness index of less than 0.170. In addition, the fibrous strut has an index of transverse direction bending stiffness less than 0.129.

Alternatively, the fibrous structure is crimped and has a cup grinding load softness index greater than 8,954. Moreover, the fibrous structure is an index of cup crushing energy smoothness greater than 0.499. Moreover, the fibrous structure has a machine direction bending stiffness index less than 0.04. In addition, the fibrous structure has a transverse direction bending stiffness index of less than 0.055.

On the other hand, rough pulp fibers are recycled fibers. In addition, these fibers include residential paper fibers. What is more, the surfactant is selected from a group consisting of anidic, cationic surfactants, or a mixture of both.

The present invention also further includes a sanitary paper product that includes a non-woven fibrous structure treated with surfactants, is moist rest that includes fibers of rough pulp, that at least one portion contains oil and has a greater absorbency of " Wick than an identical estrustura that lacks surfactant treatment.

Moreover, the fibrous structure has an NTS of 50 g £ mVg and an effet index of mesha XY of at least 0.92 g / g / s. Moreover, the fibrous structure has an effestation index of mesha Z of at least 3-80 g / g / s. In addition, the fibrous structure has a total wicking effect index of at least 8.90 gram / gram.

- Alternatively, the fibrous structure has an NTS of 135 g £ mVg and an XY wicking effect index of at least 0.68 g / g / s. Moreover, the fibrous structure has a Z-wicking effect index of at least 3.19 g / g / s. In addition, the fibrous structure has a total wicking effect index of at least "6.66 g / g.

In addition, rough pulp fibers are recycled. Moreover, these fibers include residential paper fibers. What is more, the surfactant is selected from the group comprising anidic, cationic surfactants or a mixture of both.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a "graphic representation of the cup grinding load against unwrinkled fibers treated and not treated with surfactant.

Figure 2 is a graphical representation of cup grinding energy against unwrinkled fibers treated and not treated with surfactant.

Figure 3 is a graphic representation of the cup grinding load against wrinkled fibers treated and not treated with surfactant.

Figure 4 is a graphical representation of cup grinding energy against wrinkled fibers treated and untreated with surfactant.

Figure 5 is a graphical representation of the flexural rigidity of the machine direction against unwrinkled fibers treated and not treated with surfactant.

Figure 6 is a graphical representation of machine direction bending hysteresis sontra treated untreated fibers and untreated are surfactant.

Figure 7 is a graphical representation of the flexural rigidity of the transverse direction against unwrinkled fibers treated and not treated with surfactant.

Figure 8 is a graphical representation of the transverse direction bending hysteresis against unwrinkled fibers treated and not treated with surfactant.

Figure 9 is a graphical representation of the effect index of mesha of diressidn XY against uncrowned, treated and untreated fibers are surfastante, with low base weight.

Figure 10 is a graphical representation of the Z-direction wick effect index against unwrinkled fibers, treated and untreated with surfactant, with low basis weight.

Figure 11 is a graphic representation of the wick effect index are total water capacity against uncrowned, treated and untreated fibers with low base weight.

Figure 12 is a graphical representation of the XY direction wick effect index against unwrinkled fibers, treated with surfactant, with high basis weight.

Figure 13 is a graphical representation of the effect of the Z-direction wicking effect of unwrinkled fibers, treated with surfactant, with high basis weight.

Figure 14 is a graphic representation of the wick effect index with total water capacity against unwrinkled fibers, treated with surfactant, with high basis weight.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In general, the present invention includes providing a process for treating virgin fibers of high roughness with surfactants and adding oils of the type found in newspaper ink to soften the fibers and provide the paper containing those fibers with properties that aid the operations of Mechanical softening (for example, - the crumpling step) on a paper machine. Moreover, the present invention provides a process for treating high roughness fibers obtained from residential fibers including newspaper (already containing printing ink oils) with surfactants and, if necessary, additional printing oils to soften the fibers and supply the paper that contains those fibers, properties that help in the operations of mechanical softening (for example, the passage of wrinkled) in a paper machine. Using the process of "the present invention. 2 High-roughness or recycled periddial / paper fibers can be used to produce paper products with softness levels previously not reached with those fibers. Furthermore, the present invention improves the absorbency of the fibers compared to recycled untreated fibers.

The present invention is based on "" the discovery that high performance rough type fibers (i.e. fibers produced by predominantly mechanical separation of wood fibers and with typical content of at least 80% by weight of source material) can produce very soft very thin paper type products with product qualities comparable to very thin heshos paper products with bleached kraft paper fibers from softwoods from the north. These cellulosic fibers include fibers of great roughness greater than 12 mg / 100 meters. In particular, the products of paper type very thin soft can be produced from rough fibers by adding certain oils that are typically found in used newspaper inks. Before adding these oils, the rough fibers are subjected to a surfactant treatment. The soft paper products are then made with the fibers treated with surfactant, with oil content. It is important in the practof the present invention that the fibers contain on or within a sufficient amount of aseites before the production of very thin paper or other types of paper. sanitary paper products (for example, towels, napkins and fascial handkerchiefs) of those fibers.

In an important aspect of the present invention, products of the very thin soft paper type can also be produced from old newspapers (for example, newspapers / recycled newspaper) containing certain oily materials that are typically found in newspapers (for example, newspaper printing ink oil). This aspect of the present invention is based on the discovery that if the oily component of the ink is not removed from the harsh fibers of the used newspaper and if they are treated with surfactants in insufficient quantities to emulsify / remove the oily component, they can be produced. very thin soft paper products of surprising high quality. To accomplish this task, a surfactant formulation is used to swell / open the fiber, releasing a limited amount of ink constituents to remove and / or redistribute to the fibers.

In addition, if some or all of the oil is removed by means of decalcification (or if it is not present at the beginning as in virgin fibers), the oil may be added to the fibers after treatment with surfactants but not before processing the paper products. sanitary fiber to obtain the benefits of the present invention.

Vegetable oils and mineral oils are typically used in newspaper printing inks and are found in used newspapers, usually as components of printing inks. To retain the oily components of the used newspapers, the conventional pulp and de-inking processes must be modified. The preferred modification of conventional deinking processes is to eliminate the saponification conditions in which the vegetable-type oils (or any oil containing an ester group) are converted into soaps. However, if the oils are removed during deinking, they can be replaced after a surfactant treatment.

In addition, if the saponification conditions are avoided, alkaline saponification products of acidic fatty oils such as plants and certain components of the fiber such as hemicellulose are not allowed to be separated by leaching the fibers in the water system of the machine. paper, and cause difficulties with the wrinkling operation.

In one embodiment, the method of the present invention employs rough virgin fibers as starting material. These fibers are pulped to produce a slurry having a consistency between 3% and 18% and a pH of less than 8. The slurry is then treated with an anionic, cationic or non-anidic surfactant or a combination thereof. at a temperature above 100 ° F for at least 15 minutes. After the treatment with the surfactant is finished, the slurry is dried to a consistency of 15% to 35%. The dried slurry then crumbles, thus producing a fiber in crumbs. Fiber crumbs are passed through a fiber spreader and mixed with 0.010% to 2.0% printing ink oil while maintaining the fibers at a temperature above 100 ° F (preferably 180 ° F) Then, the slurry pulp treated with surfactants and modified with oils is used as a base in the conventional sanitary paper manufacturing process, preferably a thin-type papermaking process. If it is necessary to "conduct a filtration, cleaning, flotation and / or some washing of the pulp slurry before using it as a raw material for making sanitary paper products (for example, very thin paper, towel, facial tissues or napkins), it is It is important to keep a substantial amount of oily contaminants on / inside the pulp after the filtration, cleaning, flotation and / or washing steps, or otherwise to replace them prior to papermaking.

The pulping process of the present invention when using rough virgin fibers preferably includes pulping the fibers to a consistency of 6-9% and at an elevated temperature, preferably 100 ° F-180 ° F. The time of the elaboration of the pulp can vary from 15 to 60 minutes The slurry is then cooled to 120 ° F-150 ° F and transferred to a holding tub / mixing tub where the pH is adjusted between 4 and 7 (if necessary). The surfactant or combination of surfactants is then added to the pulp slurry and allowed to interact with the fibers for a period of at least 15 minutes and preferably 30 minutes. The pulp is then dried through a press, like the Andritz press available in the market, at a consistency between 15% and 35%. The dried pulp is then crumbled using a crumbling apparatus, such as that of Scott Equipment Co., New Prague, MN, to produce a fiber in crumbs. This fiber is then passed through a fiber spreader such as Micar, available on the market and manufactured by The Black Clawson Company, Middletown, Ohio, and mixed with printing ink oils while maintaining the fibers at a temperature higher than 100 ° F (preferably at a temperature of 180 ° F). Suitable oils include, but are not limited to, vegetable and mineral oils. The amount of oil that is added and mixed will vary from 0.010% to 2.0%, based on the weight of the dry fiber. The "temperature of the fiber can be maintained at elevated temperature (eg, 100 ° F to 180 ° F or higher) by injecting steam when the printing ink oil is combined with the fibers.Additional filtration is unnecessary with virgin fibers , although filtration and / or centrifugal cleaning can be practiced to remove large contaminants, eg, paper clips, to protect the paper machine. make the limited washing of the treated pulp "with surfactants and with oil content, in the paper machine, using the unwashed pulp in a papermaking equipment in a paper machine.

Preferably the steps of slurry and treatment of surfactants when using rough virgin or old periodic fibers are the same. This treatment is conducted in several stages that start with the preparation of grout - from rough fibers or newspaper in a consistency between 3% and 18% with the surfactant, and preferably at a pulp slurry temperature between 100 ° F and 180 ° F, keeping the temperature elevated for at least 15 minutes. The pH is then adjusted and the temperature of the pulp slurry is reduced to a temperature and pH suitable for opening and swelling of the fiber (without saponifying the oil that may be present in the fiber). The "preferred conditions of the surfactant treatment are a pH of 4 to 7 and a temperature of less than 150 ° F and preferably greater than 100 ° F. If the pulping of the rough or periodic virgin fibers is carried out under also suitable conditions For treatment with surfactants, these steps can be combined.

When the steps of pulping and surfactant treatment are combined into one, the surfactant can be added to the water either before or after the addition of the virgin or periodic fibers for the elaboration of the pulp. Alternatively and / or additionally, a surfactant can be added to the pulp slurry during- or after 1-processing of the pulp. One or more surfactants may be used. These can be of the type normally used in the removal of contaminants in newspaper recycling processes. Suitable surfactants are selected from a group comprising nonionic, cationic and anhydric surfactants. Preferably, the non-ionic surfactant is used- It is important that the pulp remains in contact with the surfactant for at least 15 minutes and preferably 30. Although longer contact times between the pulp and the surfactant can be used, it is not necessary . It is considered that this contact greater than 30 minutes is useful when using low amounts of surfactants.

After the slurry was treated with one or more surfactants, it is dried to a consistency of 15% to 35%. A mechanism for performing the "desiccation" operation described herein in relation to the present invention can be obtained from Voith-Sulzer Paper Technology, Appleton, Wisconsin. The experts of the technique will be aware of other suitable mechanisms.

After the pulp dries, crumbs are made to control the size of the crumb fibers. A mechanism to perform the "collapse" operation described in the present in relation to the present invention, can be obtained from Scott Equipment Company, New Prague, MN. Those skilled in the art will be aware of other suitable mechanisms.

After the crumbling of the fibers, the fiber is passed through a fiber spreader, mixed with oil with print quality, and maintained at a temperature of 180 ° F by means of steam injection. A mechanism for performing this "dissemination" operation described herein in relation to the present invention is a mechanism that can be obtained from The Black Clawson Company, Middletown, Ohio. The experts of the technique will be aware of other suitable mechanisms.

The micar is colosa so that it has the ability to (1) inject steam for the fiber to maintain a temperature of 180 ° F, (2) and the print-quality oil can mix with the crumbled fibers. The amount of oil injected depends on the weight of the dry fiber. The oil is added in the amount of 0.010 - 3.0% of the weight of the fiber dries by air.

The method for practicing the present invention when starting with used newspapers comprises roughly: (1) pulping the newspaper by grinding newspapers with water in agitation; (2) treat the pulp slurry from used newspapers with a non-inonic, catidniso or anionic surfactant, or a combination thereof; (3) keep the pH of the pulp made slurry lower than 8.0; Y (4) use the pulp made slurry treated with surfactants as part of the raw materials in a sanitary paper manufacturing process, preferably a papermaking process. Since filtration, cleaning, flotation and some washing of the pulp slurry can be practiced, before using it as a raw material for making sanitary paper products (for example very thin paper, towel, facial tissues or napkins) it is important that - Provide a substantial amount of oily contaminants in the pulp after these filtration, cleaning, flotation and washing steps or otherwise replace them prior to papermaking.

The pulping process of the present invention when ONP is used, preferably includes used newspapers in a 6-9% consistency and an elevated temperature ranging from 100 ° F to 180 ° F. The pulping time can vary from 15 to 60 minutes. The slurry is then cooled to 100-150 ° F and transferred to a retention tub / mixing tub where the pH is adjusted between 4 and 7. Then the non-ionic, cationic or anionic surfactant is added. "The surfactant is added in an amount ranging from 0.010% to 1.00% r by weight, of the dried fiber.Of course, the surfactant can be added-before or during the pulping process.

It is important that the surfactant added to the pulp slurry is allowed to enter the fibers and the oil for a period of at least 15 minutes and preferably 30 minutes. The pH of the slurry is adjusted to 7 and then the pulp is ready for the papermaking process. No additional filtration is necessary although it can be practiced, and / or the stripping, to remove the large contaminants, eg, paper clips, to protect the paper machine, optionally, the limited washing of the paper can be done. pulp treated with surfactants and contaminated with oil, in the paper machine, using the unwashed pulp in papermaking equipment in a paper machine- If the pulp leshada is not washed before the paper machine, the material loose-floating and dissolved can be washed away from the molded fabric in the paper machine and removed from the soda water of the paper machine using a flotation step to remove water contaminants from the paper machine. lateral filtration and dissolved air flotation, such as a Krofta clarifier, to rinse the water "cast to reuse it in the paper machine.

As mentioned before, the steps of slurry and treatment of surfactants when using rough virgin or old periodic fibers are the same and are conducted in several stages beginning with the preparation of leshada from rough fibers, newspaper, or old newspapers, in a consistency between 3% and 18% with the surfactant, and preferably at a pulp slurry temperature greater than 100 ° F and preferably 180 ° F, keeping it at an elevated temperature for at least 15 minutes. The pH is then adjusted and the temperature of the pulp slurry is reduced to a temperature and pH suitable for opening and swelling of the fiber, without saponifying any oil that may be present in the fibers. Preferred conditions of the surfactant treatment are a pH of 4 to 7 and a temperature of less than 150 ° F and preferably greater than 100 ° F. If the processing of the pulp of the rough virgin fibers, newspaper, or newspapers is carried out under conditions also suitable for the treatment are surfactant, these steps can be combined.

When combining the steps of pulp processing and treatment are surfactant in one, the surfactant can be added to the water either before or after the addition of the virgin fibers, newspaper, or newspapers used to make the pulp. Of course, the surfactant can be added directly to the pulp slurry after processing the pulp. Preferably the type of surfactant is used to remove contaminants from the newspaper recycling processes. One or more "surfactants" may be used, and may be selected from the group comprising nonionic, satunic and anionic surfactants.

The pulp is kept in contact with the surfactant for at least 15 minutes and preferably 30. Although longer contact times can be used between the pulp and the surfactant, it is not necessary. It is considered that contact greater than 30 minutes is useful when using low sanctities of surfactants. When using rough virgin fibers, newspaper or used newspapers, an important component in the sequence of the previous process is to have oils of the type normally found in newspaper printing inks in contact with fibers treated with surfactants and which are preserved in them (for example, retained on and / or in the fibers) during the production of the paper.

While the inventors should not be subjected to a particular theory of operation, it is thought that the rough fibers become very suitable for making paper products of very thin paper type due to a soft fiber modification by means of the surfactant which stops to improve the interassity. between the fibers and the aseites. This interassidn synergistically improves the very thin papermaking properties of the harsh fibers despite the fact that they remain harsh.

DYES The recycled newspaper fibers of the present invention retain ink contaminants and therefore have a light gray color. These very thin paper products made largely of those fibers usually dye a more pleasing color. The dyes used in this invention must be water soluble and due to the difficulty to uniform the fibers contaminated with dyes and oils, the dyes must be "substantive to the cellulosic fibers." Preferably, the dyes are cationic, that is, they will form cations. With positively colored colors when dissolved in water, these dyes are particularly suitable for dyeing unbleached mechanical and chemical pulps.These pulp fibers contain a significant number of acid groups, with which cations with positive charge can react by of salt formation.These dyes can be selected from among the basic ones, a well-known group of previous techniques, where the basic group is an integral part of the chromosphorus, or of the most recent class of direct cationic dyes, in which the group Basic resides outside the molecule resonance system.The dye is preferably added in amounts ranging from 0.01% to 3%, from May r Utility, in 0.05% to 0.5%, of the weight of the fiber dried with air. These dyes can be applied at any normal pH for papermaking, acidic or neutral- Their excellent affinity with unbleached fibers allows them to be added to the system of papermaking as late as the admission to the fan pump, but a longer residence time, for example, it would be preferable to enter the suction side of the transfer pump of the feed tub. In any case it is convenient-a location of thick material with good mixing. Of course, dyes other than cationic can be used.

SURFACTANT TREATMENT When the surfactant and the oil are combined to modify the cellulosic fibers, a synergistic result is obtained. The minimum effective amount of surfactant to obtain synergism is the amount needed to open the fiber instead of the maximum levels used to solubilize the oils by emulsifying the oily contaminants at a pH below -8. Preferably, the surfactant is added in a amount of 0.010% to 1.00% based on the weight of the fibers. For example, the superfastant can be added in an amount of 0.010% to 0.1% based on the weight of the fibers.

While many types of surfactants and combinations of surfactants are useful (eg, non-ionic, cationic, apionic and combinations thereof), it appears that non-ionic surfactants provide the most convenient levels of tactile improvement. A non-ionic surfactant Convenient commercially available is D1600® from High Point Chemical Corp. D1600® is an acidic, non-ionic alkoxylated surfactant developed specifically for paper flotation-type detinase. Other nonionic surfactants well known for the deinking technique could also be used, such as: glycol polyethylene alkylphenyl ether, for example, the Tergitol® surfactant series from Union Carbide; alkylphenoletylene oxide condensation products, for example, the Igepal® series of surfactants from Rhone Poulenc Incorporated; alsohol of alkyl arylpolyether, for example the X 400 series of surfactants from Triton® from Rohm and Haas such as Triton X-100. Other suitable nonionic surfactants include the ORLENE® surfactant series from Calgon Corporation as 1070, 1071, 1084, and 1060 ORLENE®; In some cases an anionic surfactant can be used depending on the contaminants present-in the waste paper. Examples of suitable anionic surfactants are: ammonium or sodium salts of a sulfated ethocylate derived from a linear carbon alcohol 12 to 14 such as Alfonic® 1412A or 1412S from Vista; and condensates of naphthalene sulfonated formaldehyde, (eg, Tamol® SN from Rohm and Haas). In some cases, a cationic surfactant may be used, especially when disunion is also sought. Suitable catidic surfactants comprise compounds such as Amasoft® 16-7 and Sapamine® R from CIBA-GEIGY; Quaker® 2001 by Quaker Chemical; and Cyanatex® by American Cyanamid.

Although the inventors should not be subject to a particular theory of operation, it is thought that the swelling of the fiber structure improves the modification of the oil by aiding in the penetration of the oil component in the fiber. High temperature (eg, above ambient and below 150 ° F), the use of surfactant, and mild acid or alkaline chemicals can be used in the pulping of newspaper and / or rough fibers to physically open structures the lignoceluldsisa fiber so that the oil can better penetrate the structures and interact with the fiber to improve the touch.

Types of Oils Oils of the type typically used in printing, especially newspaper printing and in the formulation of ink for that printing, are suitable for the practice of the present invention. Mineral and vegetable oils are the most common for the formulation of newspaper printing inks.The mineral oil is also known as mineral white oil, albolin, paraffin, Nujol, Saxol, and lignite oil, it is usually classified as CAS # 64742-46-7 While those oils are historically derived from various sources, they are a petroleum distillate with a carbon chain ranging from 10 to 14 carbon atoms and usually a mixture of paraffinic hydrocarbons, naphthenic hydrocarbons and alkylated aromatic hydrocarbons. These oils have a specific gravity of 0.8 to 0.85, a viscosity at 100 ° F of 38-41 SSU (Saybolt Universal Units) and an initial boiling point of 500 ° F (260 ° C). Vegetable oils of the type normally used in the formulation of printing inks can be derived from various sources. Typical is a soybean oil known from soybean oil, Chinese seed oil, soybean oil, or soybean oil only with a chemical extraction service designation CAS # 8001-22- 7. These oils are saponifiable. with a saponification value of 185 to 195, a solidification point of 5 ° F to 18 ° F, a melting point of 70 to 90 ° F and a lodine value of -135 to 145. In the practice of this Other vegetable sources of oil and other types of oil suitable for printing inks can be dampened, for example, the oils discussed above, the lanolin oils and their derivatives can be used.

Oil content The amount of oil the fibers must have (on the surface or within the structure of the cellulosic fibers) should be from 0.010% to 2%. For example, the oil content may vary from 0.2% to 2%. When newspaper is used, then this oil content is obtained from preference without saponizing or lubricating the oils in periodic papers used during the elaboration of pulp and giving treatment to the used newspapers and preparing them- to use them in raw materials of paper elaboration- "It is also preferable to use the surfactant in moderation so as not to wash away the oils while preparing the newspaper for use in the raw materials of a paper mill for sanitary paper products.When virgin fiber is used, the oil can be added to these fibers making it in the pulp before making the slurry, adding the oil in the water slurry of the fibers so that the oil comes into contact with the fibers before subjecting them to treatment with surfactants according to the present disclosure, or preferably injecting o-mixing the oil with the fibers in the fiber spreader According to the invention, the presence of the oils on or in the fibers should be from 0.010% to 2.0%, p or example, 0.2% to 2.0%.

Although the synergistic effect is obtained with modification of the surfactant and oil of the cellulose fibers, it provides a greater benefit to the high performance fibers. Other cellulosic fibers would improve their sanitary qualities by the process of the present invention so that softer and more flexible tissue paper products could be "removed from these fibers." These fibers include both soft and hardwood kraft paper, from the north and from the south. , so much bleached as unbleached, bleached and unbleached sulphite fibers in addition to bleached and unbleached high performance fibers such as mechanical stone pulp fibers, thermomechanical fibers and quimisotermomechanical pulp fibers. Specific examples of these fibers are: "bleached softwood chemicotech mechanical pulp (SWCTMP), kraft paper from bleached softwoods in the north (NSWK), red-bleached fiber (RF) ), bleached eucalyptus kraft paper pulp (BEK), south bleached softwood kraft paper (SSWK), and bleached hardwood chemicotech mechanical pulp (HWCTMP). ).

The oil-containing surfactant-treated fibers of the present invention can be used in conventional papermaking processes for the production of sanitary paper articles including very thin-quality toilet paper, facial tissue-grade paper, paper towels and paper napkins in accordance with any conventional process for the production of those articles. The softness and volume of these products would be improved with the use of fibers containing oil of the present invention. Due to the improvements in volume, the paper towels produced are the fibers of the present invention.

In one aspect of the invention, a system of surfactants and / or a mixture of non-ionic and catidotic surfactants can be added to the fibers treated with surfactants and with oil content while the fibers are in the main box of a paper machine to further improve the smoothness of the resulting paper product. It is convenient to add from 0.01% to 1.5%, based on the dry weight of the fibers, to the fibers while they are in a papermaking consistency in the main box (feed tub) and then form a paper produsto the fibers. Suitable surfactant systems include conventional separators that can be mixtures of non-ionic and cationic surfactants. Examples of materials include, but are not limited to, AROSUF® PA-801 and VARISOFT® C-6001, available from Witco Corp .; and Berocell®, available from EKA NOVEL.

According to the present invention, it has been found that conventional deinking is counterproductive for the production of very thin soft paper products from used newspapers because it removes the oil that can benefit the softness of the very thin paper products and of towel. The present invention is also based on the discovery that oil of this type used in newspaper printing is beneficial for the softness of very thin paper and towel products. The softness is difficult to measure or calculate in very thin paper products since the Softness is commonly perceived through the test which is influenced by the smoothness and other characteristics of the surface in addition to the inflation of the sheet. Touch tests were developed and the touch data reported here was generally obtained according to the following test: TAKE-OUT TEST Several very thin, shriveled, dried papers of different light weight were purchased or produced to be used in commercially available pulp standards of different qualities to impart softness to very thin paper products. These very thin papers were used to define a numerical scale of "softness." A numerical value was assigned to the softness of each very thin paper standard.

A touch value of 86 was assigned to the softest product made from the somersially available pulp, and it was a very thin crumpled, dried, lightweight paper, produced with 50% softwood kraft paper fibers from North Irving and 50 % pulp of eucalyptus kraft paper from Santa Fe, The roughest product as standard was produced with 100% bleached pulp of soft chemicothermic woods (SWCTMP) and a touch value of 20 was assigned on the scale. There were other samples of very thin, wrinkled paper, dried, light weight to use as standard to define the scale of "Softness to Touch", with qualities of softness between the standards of very thin paper, softer and rougher, "of" different pulp or pulp mixtures and they were assigned softness values between 20 and 86. The pulps that were used are described later in the following paragraphs. "Very thin papermaking processes other than the wrinkling, drying process, with low weight and other pulp fibers other than those used to produce the standards, have the ability to produce very thin paper products outside the softness scale. to the touch of 20 to 86 defined by the very thin paper standards described herein, however, for the purpose of establishing the improvement in obtaining softness with the present invention, the previously defined index of softness to the touch of 20 to 86 for products-wrinkled, dried, lightweight is accurate and sufficient for comparison purposes The recycled newspaper fibers of the present invention could produce very thin paper with softness values greater than 86 when used in another very thin papermaking process such as the dry circulation process or when mixed with other fibers.

PULPES USED TO PRODUCE TACT STANDARDS (a) The bleached pulp of soft chemicotemporaneous woods. { SWCTMP for its acronym in English) (grade Temcell 500/80) which has a Standard Canadian Standard (CSF) of 500 and an ISO brightness of 80 was made of black spruce and Canadian pine. The pulping was done with sodium sulphite pretreatment and pressurized refinement followed by alkaline peroxide bleaching for ISO brightness of 80 °. The Kajaani roughness of the fiber equaled 27.8mg / 100 meters and the average fiber length of Kajaani was 1. mm. (b) Blanched kraft paper from softwoods of the north (NSWK) (Pictou grade 100/0 - 100% softwood) was made from black spruce and pine "from Canada.The pulp processing was done through the process of kraft paper for Kappa # = 28 followed by bleaching of CE0DED for ISO brightness of 88 ° The Kajaani roughness equaled 14.3 mg / 100 meters and the average fiber length of Kajaani weight was 2.2mm. (s) Bleached recycled fiber (RF) was made from mixed classified office waste that was pulped, filtered, cleaned and washed at 550 ° CSF followed by bleaching with sodium hypochlorite for ISO brightness of 80 °. The harshness Kajaani equaled 12.2 mg / 100 meters and the average fiber length of Kajaani weight was 7.2 mm. (d) Bleached eucalyptus kraft paper (BEK) (Santa Fe elemental chlorine free grade) was made from eucalyptus made pulp at Kappa # = 12 by means of the kraft paper process followed by ODE-D bleaching for brilliance of ISO of 89 °. The Kajaani roughness equaled 6.8 mg / 100 meters and the average fiber length of Kajaani was 0.85 mm. (e) Bleached southern softwood kraft paper (SSWK) (Scatt Mobile pine) was made from Lollobly and Slash pine pulped at Kappa # = 26 followed by CEHED bleaching for ISO brightness 86 °. The Kajaani roughness equaled 27.8 mg / 100 meters and the average fiber length of Kajaani was 2.6 mm. (f) Bleached pulp of hard woods "chemicotermomechanical (HWCTMP) (Millar Western 450/83/100 grade) that has a Standard Canadian Standard (CSF) of 450 and an ISO brightness of 83, was made Asphalt processing was carried out with pre-treatment of alkaline peroxide and pressurized refinement followed by alkaline peroxide bleaching.The Kajaani roughness equaled 13.8 mg / 100 meters and the average fiber length of Kajaani was 0.85 mm.

APPARATUS The test method does not require apparatus. The test method uses samples and materials, which are broken down to sample, to evaluate very thin paper samples using a panel of ten or more people, as well as the degree of softness of the samples on a scale of smoothness with the help of the norms for produsts of the sonocidos values of the softness scale. Some samples were tested using the certified tester that is used for product standards with known values in the softness scale. The results of the certified tester were identified when they were used instead of the test panel.

PREPARATION OF THE SAMPLE. - -. 1. Five samples that the panel of evaluators (judges) was going to test were selected. 2. By means of the following equation, for each product to be evaluated in relation to softness, the number of sample pads and the standard sample pads needed for the judges' test panel were calculated: Needed pads (each product) = (x-l) x (y) x = number of products to be evaluated and = number of people in the evaluation panel 3. A very thin roll of paper was selected at random for each product that was to be evaluated and the first sheets were discarded (so that they did not have traces of glue). Sample pads were prepared for each of the rolls of products to be evaluated. Each pad should have 4 thick sheets and is made from a very thin paper sample, continuous that has the length of four sheets. Each pad is made as follows: the sample of four long leaves is first folded in half. This results in a sample twice as thick as the length of 2 sheets. Then, the sample twice as thick is folded in half again to produce a sample pad of 4 times and thickness and the length of a single sheet. The folds should be made so that the outer surface of the sheets, when they were on the very thin paper roll, is the outer surface of the pad. If the product to be tested is "double-sided", that is to say that they have different characteristics on the outer surface of the sheet, in comparison they are the surface of the inner side of the roll, then the product must be tested twice, once by the face of the outer surface of the roll as the outer surface of the sample pad and also with a separate sample pad in which the foldsshow the surface of the inner sheet of the roll which becomes the outer surface of the sample pad. 4. Make the required number of pads "of each product using the formula in paragraph 2 above If more than one roll of product is needed to prepare the required number of pads, then it is important that the stacks of pads are placed at random with the product of each of the rolls Each pad has the batch code in the upper left corner (in the fold).

. Select three standards that will be used as a reference for the panel from among the following standards for very thin paper: Select the roughest sample to be evaluated and compare it with the standard very thin paper sample pads and select an inferior standard which is slightly less rough than the rougher sample.

Select the softest sample of product to be evaluated and select the very thin paper pad that is slightly softer than the softer sample to be evaluated.

Select a third norm that is considered approximately in the middle between the lowest norm and the highest norm selected.

The three very thin standard paper pads selected are the touch references for the panel and define the softest, most rough and mid-point. 6. The touch references limit the range of softness of the products that the panel will evaluate. For greater-accuracy, the highest and lowest references selected must have approximately 30 points of separation on the softness-to-touch scale. The "intermediate reference must have eight or more points of separation from the lowest and highest references.

SELECTION AND INSTRUCTIONS TO THE MEMBERS OF THE PANEL 1. A panel consisting of 10 people was selected, with the same number of men and women, and of different ages. 2. We made sure that the panel members understood the instructions and if it was necessary, we had an "essay". 3. The panels should be conducted in a quiet place.

Procedure -T? - tests 1. The softness test was started - with the reading of the following instructions of the standard.

INSTRUCTIONS OF THE STANDARD These are the instructions that were read to each participant in the panel before beginning the softness test procedure. to. PURPOSE "The purpose of this procedure is to compare the softness of very thin toilet paper samples." b. METHOD _ - "You will be given two sample pads of very thin toilet paper at the same time. both using your dominant hand and make a comparison by touching each sample with your dominant hand. You can hit, bend or crush the samples if you consider it necessary to make your judgment. c. FIRST DECISION After feeling each of the two "samples, you will be asked to decide which sample is softer. d. SECOND DECISION Average the degree of difference in softness between the two pads using the following scale: The scale uses odd numbers 1, 3, 5, 7, 9. You can use even numbers if you feel that the numbers on the list do not completely represent the difference between the two products.

INDEX SCALE FOR THE PANEL The numbers on the index scale are defined as follows: 1. There's no difference 3. There is a very small difference, it is not reliable, someone can overlook it.

. There is a small difference, confidence in the judiciary. 7. There is a moderate difference, easy to detect 9. There is a very big difference, very easy to detect, memorable, and. CALIBRATION "Before I start, I will give you an example of the softness standard used to compare ^ a sample pad of less soft products (softer standard), please handle both, the difference in the smoothness you will feel between the two standards it will refer to the index on the definition scale as 9". (The 9 on the index scale is the equivalent of the number of sensation points on the softness scale between the lowest and the highest references selected by the panel in step 6).

F. REACTION OF THE PARTICIPANT "Do you have any questions regarding the procedure of the test?" g. REAFI MATION " "Finally, do not meditate too much on each decision, your opinion is as good as the others, there are no surprising or mistaken questions." 2. Present each combination of sample pads and reference pads to each member of the panel and ask them to request the preferred sample and the difference index using the smoothness scale from 1 to 9. Each member of the panel should receive random pairs with the objective to avoid sequence errors. 3. Record the results in each pair as XYn. Where X is the sddigo of the preferred sample, Y is the code of the non-preferred sample and n is the value of the scale (1 to 9).

Data analysis The results of the comparison of the pairs were treated as if they belonged to the average scale. The The definition of an average scale is as follows: A scale is an average scale if this scale does not vary under positive linear transformations of the form y = x, a > 0 The data pairs and the average weights for the number "n" of pads are recorded in a square matrix A in the following way: on 0? w ± W-W £ w. W2Wn w2 W2W2 _ «A wn W?, W" wa w2w-.

Where = 1 are the individual samples and Wl are the scale values (average weights) for each pair.

For square matrices of this type, the following property exists.

Where W = (W, W2, ... W "). The weight vector W is an eigenvector of the matrix A corresponding to the eigenvalue n. Saaty has demonstrated (see, Saaty, TL "A scaling method for priorities in hierarshical structures" (Measurement method or scale for priorities in hierarchical structures) Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 15, 234-281 (1977) and Saaty, TL, "Measuring the Fluff Set of the Role of Games", Journal of Cybernetics, 4 (4), 53-61 (1974) that to extract the proper vector W from the estimated weights requires finding the longest eigenvalue of A (? max.) A computer program to solve the? max and W is provided by McConnell, Wes, "Product Development Using Fluff Sets of Paper", Tenth Technical Symposium of INDA, pp. 55-72 , November 17-19, 1982. The resulting eigenvector W is the best estimated radius scale of the pair inputs, taking the logo of each element in this vestor creates the equal family interval scale in which the distances between the targets is linear, the standard softness values are tr values versus the scale values of equal estimated interval and the unknown samples are numerically assigned values by interpolation.

The average and standard deviation of the standard softness values of each unknown sample are calculated from the standard softness values set for all board members, if any individual member of the board falls below the 2 standard deviations from the average, "the value is discarded and the average and standard deviation is calculated again. The average of the standard softness values with values not outside the 2 standard deviations of the average is the standard softness value for the dead unknown.

PERCEPTION SCALE OF SOFTNESS 20 30 50 60 70 (3j) (3b) Tensile strength The tensile strength values given herein for very thin paper class paper products are measured by the length break test - (Test Method TAPPI No. -T494om-88) using a sample space of 5.08 sm and crosshead velocity of 5.08 cm / minute. Normally, the resistances of the very thin paper are different in the machine direction contrary to the cross machine direction of the sheet. Also, the basis weight of the thin paper samples varies, which affects the tensile strength. To better compare the tensile strength of several very thin paper samples, it is important to compensate differences in the base weight of the samples and for the directional differences of the machine in the traction resistance. Compensation is achieved by qualifying a "Base Weight and Resistance to Directionally Normalized Traction", hereinafter referred to as "Resistance to Normalized Traction" or "NTS"). The NTS is calculated as the arithmetic quotient obtained by dividing the base weight in the square root of the product of the tensile strengths of the machine direction and the direction of the transversal machine. The calculations of the normalized tensile strength for the differences in the basis weight and the machine direction have been plotted for better comparisons of the very thin paper samples. The tensile strengths are measured in both the machine direction and the cross machine direction and the basis weight for the very thin paper sample is measured according to TAPPI Test Method No. T410om-88. When the English measurement units are used, the resistance to the transfer is-measured in ounces per inch and the base weight in pounds per ream (2880 square feet). When calculated in metric units, the tensile strength is measured in grams by 2.54 centimeters and the basis weight is measured in grams per square meter. It should be considered that the metric units are not pure metric units because the test apparatus used to test the traction is placed to cut a sample in inches and according to this the metric units are output to be grams by 2.54 centimeters. Using the MDT abbreviations for traction machine direction, CDT for transverse machine direction transverse and BW for the base weight, the mathematical weight caulis of the Base Weight and the Directionally Normalized Traction (NTS) resistance is: NTS = (MDT x CDT) 12 / BW NTS in English units = 0.060 x NTS in the metric units defined above.

Liquid Absorbency Capacity Unit The Liquid Absorbency Capacity Unit of paper products is determined by measuring the amount of a liquid absorbed by the paper product after being immersed in a tub of liquid at approximately 23 ° C and allowed to become completely wet. The liquid tub may contain water, oil or any other liquid for which absorbency results are desired.

More specifically, the absorbance is determined by first cutting a specimen of 7.62 mm x "7.62 mm of the material to be evaluated, conditioning the specimen at 23 ° C and 50% Relative Humidity, and weighing the specimen.This is recorded in units of grams as wx, two drainage strips of the same material must also be sorted.

A wire mesh constructed of reinforced stainless steel wire of normal quality is dipped into the tub with liquid. - Using blunt-tipped tweezers, the specimen is placed in the tub with liquid on the mesh and immersed for two minutes. After two minutes, the specimen is placed on the mesh so that it is aligned with the bottom edge of the mesh. The mesh is lifted and the specimen is allowed to drain for a few seconds before the drainage strip is added. The specimen with the attached drainage strip is then attached to the specimen holder, hung on a "roller over a drainage tank and allowed to drain for 30 minutes, then the specimen is peeled off the specimen holder releasing the drainage fasteners. and it is placed on a tray to weigh a scale.The wet sample is heavy and this weight is recorded in units of grams as W2.

The weight of the liquid is obtained from the formula: Liquid Weight = W2 - WL The Unit of Capacity of Liquid Absorbency (ULA) in Grams per Gram is obtained from the formula: ULA (g / g) = Liquid Weight / W £ The tests were carried out using distilled or deionized water to determine the Water Absorbency Capacity Unit The Oil Absorbency Capacity Unit was determined using white mineral oil (paraffin) The liquid in the tub with liquid was changed after each sample to avoid possible contamination by treatments that may occur in the test specimens.

Volume Measurements The thickness of the paper samples was measured at a load of 1 kilopascal (1 kPa). Each sample (both one or two sheets) was composed of 10 sheets and was free of folds. Samples were tested using an Albert VIR II Thwing Thickness Tester using a cirsular foot diameter of 39,497 mm (± 0.25 mm) at a pressure of 1 kPa and a drying time of 3 seconds. The results are expressed as mm / 10 sheets (as used by the consumer).

PROCESS TO MAKE VERY SLIM PAPER The oil-containing surfactant-treated fibers of the present invention can be used in any commonly known paper making process to produce soft, bulky tissue paper fabrics, such as very thin paper, towels, napkins and facial tissues.

Suitable different proshos to make paper include those processes where the cloth is dried by cylindrical drying vessels, through drying, thermal drying and combinations of these. As an example of the processes for making paper that can be used in conjunction with the present invention, there are those processes taught in the U.S. Patents. Nos. 3,301,746 to Sandford et al .; 3,821,068 for Shaw; 3,812,000 for Salvucci et al .; 3,994,771 to Morgan, Jr. et al .; 4,102,737 for Morton; 4,158,594 for Becker et al .; 4,440,597 for Wells et al .; and 5,048,589 for Cook et al.

The process for making preferred paper is commonly referred to as the dry wrinkling process. Generally this involves using the raw materials of the paper of the present invention for which drying resistance chemicals are preferably added for general traction resistance and other papermaking chemicals can be added. The raw materials of the paper are pumped from a feeding tub and flow to a prinsipal box and up to a sliding of 0.1 to 0.4% of the sediment on a horizontal surface of a Fourdrinier wire through which the water is extracted "and the Fabric formation The wire mesh is dragged around a front roll and several table rolls, then up to a roll of sheet metal from the sual is fed around a base roll and several guide rolls back to the previous roll. the rollers is driven to push the Fourdrinier wire - One or more vacuum boxes, (deflestars or hydrodynamic superfisies can be used between the table rollers to allow the elimination of water.

The wet cloth is formed on the upper surface of the Fourdrinier and transferred to a felt by squeezing the fabric on the felt by means of a base roller or by transferring the sheet to a felt by means of a recolection wedge. The felt transports the fabric to a press assembly. The felt then moves around one or two pressure rollers, one of which may be a suction roll, and is then drawn around the guide rolls and rotated back to the base roll. The jets and protection boards can be used in various positions on the surface of the felt to assist in the resolection of the fabric, cleaning and conditioning the surface of the felt. The press assembly consists of either a single pressure roller or an upper and lower pressure roller. Moisture is removed at the retention point of the press assembly and transferred into the felt.

The formed and compressed fabric is transferred to the surface of a rotating drying cylinder, named as the Yankee dryer. The dryer assembly may also include a hot air hood surrounding the upper portion of the Yankee cylinder. The bell has nozzles that shosan on the fabric and help eliminate moisture- The hood includes an = exhaust to remove air from the hood to control the temperature. The fabric is removed from the drying surface using a scraper blade to crease the fabric. To help remove the fabric from the drying surface in a controlled and uniform way, a wrinkle adhesive is applied to the Yankee surface using a spray system. The spray system is a series of spray nozzles attached to a manifold distribution pipe extending along the width of the dryer surface. The wrinkle adhesive can be any of the kinds "commonly used in the technology to make very thin paper.

The crumpled paper web is passed from the sizing cylinder to a retension point formed by a roller pair and is wound inside a long roller designated as a main roller. The very thin papermaking process used in the examples can generally be characterized as a lightweight, dry wrinkle process. A machine of the 14-inch-wide pilot plant was put into operation as follows: Before the fabric is formed, the raw materials of the paper are in a food tub where the additives of dried resistances, dyes or other additives are used. chemicals are incorporated. The raw materials of the paper are carried by means of a fan pump that flows from a main box to a slip to 0.1% up to 0.4% of consistency on the horizontal surface of a Fourdrinier wire through the sual the water is extracted and the formation of the fabric takes place. The wire is dragged around an anterior suction cylinder that aids in the elimination of water "" and the formation of the fabric. The wire is dragged around several guide rollers and a roller roll of wire sheets and is fed back to the previous cylinder. One of these rollers is designed to push the Fourdrinier wire. Wet cloth is formed on the upper surface of the Fourdrinier and transferred to a felt by means of a vacuum collection. The felt transports the sheet to a press roller assembly. The felt then moves around a pressure roller, a hard rubber roller, and is "pulled around the guide rollers and" rotates back to "vacuum collection." Humidity is removed at the retention point of the roller of pressure and transferred inside the felt.

The formed fabric is compressed and transferred to the surface of a rotating drying cylinder, commonly referred to as the Yankee Dryer. The fabric is removed from the surface of the Yankee in a cloth drying between 95% and 96% using a scraper substrate. To help remove the fabric from the drying surface in a uniformly controlled manner, a wrinkle adhesive is applied to the Yankee surface using 7 a spray nozzle. The adhesive mixture used in these examples was a 70/30 mixture of 70% polyvinyl alcohol and 30% of a latex based on starch (Latex of National Starch 4441).

The creased paper web is passed from the drying cylinder to a retention point formed by a pair of rollers and is wound inside a main roller of a desired size for testing. The paper machine formed a cloth 14 inches wide and ran at a reel speed of 40 to 50 feet / minute. All dry wrinkled paper samples dried in the examples were produced at a basis weight of 10 pounds / ream and 18-20% wrinkled. Samples were converted to 2 sheets of very thin paper (20 lbs / ream) for all tests.

The synergistic result of the combination of oils, harsh fibers, and sulfactants are demonstrated in the following examples. All proportions used herein are by weight, unless otherwise specified and the weight of the fiber is based on the weight of the dry air of the fiber, unless otherwise indicated.

The following Examples 1 through 3 contain NTS (metrics) data for Tables 1 through 8. These NTS data were "determined using one-inch samples of ansho.

Subsequently, the data reflected in these tables was multiplied by three so that they were substantially consistent with the NTS data in Tables 16 through 18, the data being determined with the samples three inches wide.

The example 1 A very thin, wrinkled, light weight paper product was made from a pulp obtained by the old newspaper made pasta. The very thin paper product was made from the slurry of the pulp with water at a 6% consistency. The slurry was raised to the temperature of 180 ° F and maintained at the elevated temperature for 30 minutes. A portion of the pulp slurry was cooled and then used directly as a very thin crumpled dry thin paper decorated using the equipment and paper haser process described above. The temperature of the remaining portion of the pulp milled was reduced from 180 ° F to 140 ° F, the pH was adjusted with sulfuric acid to 5.0, and the consistency was adjusted to 5%. The sulfasate of the kind normally used to destintar the pulp was added to the percentage of 28 millimeters per 100 pounds of pulp. The slurry was then kept at 140 ° F for 30 minutes, cooled, adjusted to pH 7 with sodium hydroxide and used as a decoration to make very thin dry paper wrinkled with the equipment and processed above to make paper. The resin of dry cationic hardening Solivióse® N to the decoration in a percentage of 1% based on the dry weight of the fibers. The very thin dry wrinkled control and sample paper was subjected to the touch test and the stress test. The results are reported in Table 1.

TABLE 1 Example 2 A very thin crumpled dry thin paper product was made from a pulp obtained by the old newspaper made pasta. The very thin paper product was made by pulping with water for 20 minutes at a consistency of 6%, 150 ° F and a pH of about 7. The slurry of the pulp was divided in half. The first portion of the pulp slurry was maintained at 130 ° F for 30 minutes, reduced to a consistency of 3%, washed for a target concentration of 5%, refined at a per-horsepower per day per ton using the equipment and process to make paper described above to produce two sheets of very thin paper at a basis weight of 16 Ibs. / ream (for example, 8 Ibs. / ream per sheet).

ORLENE® was added from Calgon Corp. to the remaining portion of the pulp slurry at a percent of approximately 0.1%, based on the weight of the dried fiber, and then left for 30 minutes at 130 ° F. Then, the consistency of the slurry was adjusted to 3%, washed to a target consistency of 5%, refined at a rate of one horsepower per day per ton, using a batch refiner, and then used directly as a paper set. very thin dry crumpled light weight using the equipment and papermaking process described above to produce two sheets of very thin paper at a basis weight of 16 lbs. / ream (for example, 8 Ibs. / ream per sheet). The very thin dry wrinkled control and sample paper was subjected to the touch test, tension test, volume measurements, and oil / water absorbency (absorbency) tests. The touch tests were carried out essentially as described above, except that a tester and commercially available reference samples were used instead of a test board and reference samples of specific pulps. Since only one set of results per sample was obtained from the Certified Tester, the results were not analyzed using the data analysis procedure described above.The results of the tests are reported in Tables 2 through 5.

TABLE 2 - Touch (Certified tester) TABLE 3 - Volume (mm / 10 sheets) TABLE 4 - Absorbent Capacity (Water) TABLE 5 - Absorbent Capacity (Oil) 7 Element 3 A very thin crumpled dry thin paper product was made from a pulp obtained by the old newspaper made pulp generally according to the procedure described in Example 2. The whole sample was pulped with water for 20 minutes at a consistency of 6%, 150 ° F and a pH of about 7. The slurry of the pulp was maintained at 140 ° E for 30 minutes. Then, ORLENE® 1084 from Calgon Corp. was added to the slurry of the pulp at a percentage of about 0.1%, based on the weight of the dried fiber, and then left for 30 minutes. The consistency of the slurry was then adjusted to 3%, washed to a target consistency of 5%, refined to a percentage of one horsepower per day per ton using a "batch refiner." The refined pasta was In a papermaking consistency of approximately 0.1% and introduced into the main box, a sulfactant system was added in percentages ranging from 0.10% to 0.40%, based on the weight of the dry fiber.The sulfactant system was VARISOFT C -6001 available from Witco Corp. The treated pulp was used directly as a decorator for very thin crumpled dry thin paper using the equipment and papermaking process described above to produce two sheets of very thin paper on a weight basis of paper. 16 lbs. / Ream (for example, 8 lbs./resma per sheet) The very thin dry wrinkled control and sample paper was subjected to the touch test, the stress test, measurements volumetric, and absorbent capacity tests (absorbency) of oil / water. The touch tests were carried out as described in Example 2. The results of the tests are reported in Tables 6 to 8.

TABLE 6 - Touch (Certified tester) TABLE 7 - Absorbent Capacity (Water) TABLE 8 - Absorbent Capacity (Oil) Element 4 The products of very thin wrinkled and unwrinkled paper were created in general according to the procedures previously described, with the exception of some of the resulting products that were not treated with the sulfactant during processing. Feeding to create the resulting products These feed materials - included blank newspaper, which is unprinted paper used to create newspaper, old newspaper, mixed residential paper, office paper, and a mixture of approximately 50 percent paper of office and 50 percent of residential paper The following tables represent the classes and general amounts of decoration for each material of feeding.

TABLE 9 - Blank Newspaper Decorated Heavy Percentage Blanched Softwood Kraft Paper 29 Hardwood Bleached Kraft Paper 3 Softwood Mesánica Pasta 67 Hard Wood Mechanical Paste 1 TABLE 10 - Old Newspaper Decorated Porcenta e Pesado Blanched Softwood Kraft Paper 20 Hardwood Bleached Kraft Paper 3 Soft Wood Mechanical Paste 77 TABLE 11 - Mixed Decorated Residential Paper - Percentaj e Pe 3ado Soft Wood Unbleached Kraft Paper 24 Bleached and Non-bleached Hardwood Kraft Paper 22 Softwood Mechanical Pulp 51 Hardwood Pasta Mec n .ca 3 TABLE 12 - Bleached Mixed Residential Paper Decorated Heavy Percentage Unbleached Kraft Paper Softwood 5 Blanched Softwood Kraft Paper 30 Hardwood Bleached Kraft Paper 24 Soft Wood Mechanical Pasta 40 Hard Wood Mechanical Paste 1 TABLE 13 - Office Paper Decorated Heavy Percentage Blanched Softwood Kraft Paper 61 Hardwood Bleached Kraft Paper - 39 TABLE 14 - 50% Mix of Office Paper and 50% of Residential Paper Decorated with Heavy Percentage Soft Wood Unbleached Kraft Paper 4 Blanched Softwood Kraft Paper 28 Hardwood Bleached Kraft Paper 40 Soft Wood Mechanical Paste 26 Hard Wood Mechanical Paste Normally, bleached hardwood kraft paper contains relatively soft fibers, although bleached kraft softwood paper also contains some harsh fibers. The other sets contain almost all rough fibers. A number of fiber roughness was determined for each sample listed above, using a Kajaani fiber analyzer model No. FS-200 available from Kajaani Oy Electroniss, Kajaani, Finland. The number of fiber roughness was determined according to conventional procedures. The harshness index is listed in the following Table 15A.

TABLE 15A - Number of Roughness of Fibers Decorated Number of Raster Fibers mg / 100 meters Blank Newspaper 22.5 Old Newspaper 25.3" Mixed Residential Paper 20.9 Residential Bleached Mixed Paper 19.4 Office Paper 13.1 The following table represents the maximum amount of soft fibers - in each feed material.

TABLE 15B - Maximum Amount of Soft Fiber in Each Decorated Feeding Material Heavy Percentage Newspaper in White 32 Newspaper Old 23 Mixed Residential Paper 22 Mixed Bleached Residential Paper 54 Office Paper 100 Mix 50% e Office Paper and 50% Residential Paper 68 The wrinkled and unwrinkled paper products resulting from these feeding materials were subjected to cup crushing, Kawabata bending and wicking tests.

The cup grinding test measured the flexibility of the material. The cup crushing test evaluates the rigidity of the material by measuring the maximum load and energy required for a hermispherically formed foot with a diameter of 4.5cm to crush a piece of 225mm by 225mm of material formed inside an inverted cup with a diameter of approximately 6.5 cm by 6.5cm high while the cup formed of material is surrounded by a cylinder of diameter of approximately 6.5cm to maintain a uniform deformation of the material formed of the cup. The maximum load and energy are measured while the foot descends at an index of about 0.25 inches per second using a Constant Percentage Expansion (CRE) test machine, such as that manufactured by Sintech Corp., 1001 Sheldon Drive, Cary, North Carolina 27513. The results indicated the rigidity of the material. As an example, the stiffer the material, the greater the value of the maximum load.

Specimens having a length and width of approximately 225 +/- 3 millimeters and a thickness ranging from approximately 0.58 to 0.69"millimeters were taken from the very thin paper products produced as described below. each product and the resulting data, where each information point represents the average of the five samples, which is shown below in Tables 16A and 16B.

Figures 1 to 4 represent the data in Table 16 A. Figures 1 and 2 illustrate that very thin paper products treated with unwrinkled sulfactant created from residential and old periodic fiber have lower cup and energy crushing load The respective products of very thin paper created from untreated residential fiber and old newspaper. In sonesuencia, these products of very thin paper not wrinkled treated are the sulfastante exhibited a greater softness of crushing than the untreated produtos. Figures 3 and 4 illustrate that the very thin paper products treated with the wrinkled sulfactant created from the old newspaper have a lower cup and energy crushing load than the very thin paper products created from the old untreated newspaper. Consequently, these very wrinkled thin paper products treated with the sulfactant exhibited a greater crushing softness than the untreated products.

Table 16B contains standardized cup crushing data. The Normalized Load and Energy values Normalized were obtained by dividing the Load and Energy values measured by the base weight of the sample. The values of the Softness Index of the Load and the Softness Index of the Energy were obtained by dividing the Resistance to the Normalized Traction by the values of Normalized Load and Normalized Energy. The information expressed in this format could reduce the influences of variations in the basis weight and resistance variations between samples.

The Kawabata Flexion test consists of holding both ends of a specimen. While one end is fixed, the other end moves along an arc jrelative to the fixed end. The sample can be oriented to test both the machine directions and the cross directions. A Kawabata test machine, such as that manufactured by Kato Tech Co., LTD, whose address is 26 Karato-Cho Nishikujo Minami, KU, Kyoto 601, Japan, is used to measure the rigidity and hysterisis of the spésimen.

The specimens having a length and width of approximately 20 centimeters and a thickness ranging from approximately 0.58 to 0.69 millimeters were taken from very thin paper products produced as described above. Three samples of the specimen were tested for each product and the resulting data, where each information point represents the average of the three samples is represented below in Tables 17A and 17B. TABLE 17A - Flex Kawa-bata TABLE 17B - Kawabata Flexion Indexes Figures 5 to 8 represent the data of Table 17A. Figure 5 illustrates that the products of very thin paper treated are uncrowned surfactant of residential fiber and the old newspaper have lower stiffness than very thin paper products created from untreated old residensial fiber and old perodium. Figure 6 illustrates that very thin paper products treated with unwrinkled surfactant created from residential fiber and the old newspaper have a lower hysteresis than the respective very thin paper products created from untreated old newspaper and residensial fiber. As a result, these treated very thin paper products have a greater ability to recover after being folded. Consequently, these products of very thin paper "not wrinkled treated with surfactant that exhibit less stiffness is not expected in the appearance of hysterisis results.

Table 17B contains Kawabata Bending Data indexes (for example, Flexidn Kawabata Stiffness indices and Kawabata Hysterisis indices for both the machine direction and the cross machine direction). The values of Flexidn Kawabata indexes by basis weight were obtained by dividing the values of Flexidn Rigidity and Hysterisis measured by the basis weight to obtain the normalized values first. These normalized Bending Stiffness values were then divided by the Normalized Traction Resistance (and multiplied by 1000) to obtain the Kawabata Flexural Stiffness indices.

The Mecha Effect test consisted of holding a specimen and lifting a tub of water until it touches the specimen. An Anderson-Ross Mecha Effect testing machine, as manufactured by Kimberly-Clark Corporation, 1400 Holsbos Bridge Road, Roswell, GA 30076, was used to "measure XY diress, direction 2-, and wicking effect. total specimen The total wicking effect is based on the total amount of water absorbed by the specimen within a period of 18 seconds.

Substantially the circular specimens have a diameter of approximately 8.5 +/- 0.010 centimeters and a 9 thickness varying from approximately 0.58 to 0.69 millimeters were taken from the very thin paper products produced as described above. Five samples of the specimen were tested for each product and the resulting data, where each information point represents the average of the five samples, shown below in Tables 18A and 18B.

Figures 9 to 14 represent the data of the Table 18A. Figures 9, 10, and 11 illustrate that very thin paper products treated with low-base, unwrinkled surfactant created from residential fiber, old newspaper, and blank newspaper have an XY wick effect, Z-wick effect, and greater total wick effect, than the very thin untreated paper-based products created from residential fiber, old newspaper and blank newspaper. Accordingly, these very thin, non-wrinkled paper products treated with surfactant exhibited greater absorbency than the untreated fiber products themselves.

Figures 12 through 14 illustrate that very thin paper products treated with high-base-weight unwrinkled surfactant created from a mixture of office and residential paper have XY direction indices, Z direction, and wicking effect. total comparable to the very thin paper products created only d-e ofisin or residential fiber paper. Consistently, the process of the present invention allows the flexing of the feedstocks to produce very thin soft paper products of high absorbency. This bending is particularly desirable because of residential paper trends to be cheaper than office paper. The flex feed materials allow to create very thin paper from less expensive initial materials.

Table 18B contains XY and Z Mecha Effect indices and Total Absorption rates. The values of Wick Effect Indexes XY and Z (and the values of Total Absorption Indexes) were obtained by dividing the Wye Effect Values XY and Z (and the Total Absorption Values) by the Normalized Traction Resistance (and multiplied by 1000) to obtain the XY and Z Mecha Effect indices and the Total Absorption indices.

While the present invention has been described in connection with certain embodiments, it should be understood that the objective enclosed by means of the present invention should not be limited to those specific embodiments: On the contrary, "it is intended to include for the purpose of the invention all the alternatives, modifications and equivalents as they can be included within the spirit and generosity of the following claims.

Claims (24)

R E I V I N D I C A C I O N S

1. A sanitary paper product comprising: a non-woven fibrous structure treated with surfactants, in wet repose comprising rough pulp fibers in which at least a portion contains oil and has a low cup grinding load and energy similar to an identical fibrous shrinkage which is lacking with surfactants.

2. The sanitary paper product, as claimed in clause 1, characterized in that the fibrous structure is not wrinkled and has a softening index - of soup crushing twill greater than 7.0.

3. The sanitary paper product, as claimed in clause 1, characterized in that the fibrous structure is not wrinkled and has an index of smoothness of cup grinding energy greater than 0.39.

4. The sanitary paper product, as claimed in clause 1, characterized in that the rough pulp fibers are recycled fibers.

5. The sanitary paper product, as claimed in clause 1, characterized in that the rough fibers of the pulp include residential paper fibers.

6. The sanitary paper product, as claimed in clause 1, characterized in that the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of non-ionic, cationic surfactants or a mixture thereof.

7. The sanitary paper product, as claimed in clause 1, saraserized because the fibrous structure is not wrinkled and has a cup grinding load softness index greater than 8.0.

8. The sanitary paper product, as claimed in clause 1, characterized in that the fibrous structure is not wrinkled and has an index of smoothness of cup grinding energy greater than 0.45.

9. The sanitary paper produsto, as claimed in clause 1, characterized in that the fibrous structure is not wrinkled and has a flexural rigidity index of machine resolution less than 0.170.

10. The sanitary paper product of claim 1, wherein the fibrous structure is not wrinkled and has a cross direction direction stiffness index of less than 0.129.

11. The sanitary paper product of claim 1, wherein the fibrous structure has crepe and has a smoothness index of soup grinding greater than 8,954.

12. The sanitary paper product of claim 1, wherein the fibrous structure has crepe and has a cup grinding energy softness index greater than 0.499.

13. The sanitary paper product of claim 1, wherein the fibrous structure has crepe and a direction flexion stiffness index of. machine less than 0.04.

14. The sanitary paper product of claim 1, wherein the fibrous structure has crepe and has a cross direction direction stiffness index less than 0.055.

15- A sanitary paper product comprising: A non-woven fibrous shrinkage treated are surfastants, in wet repose comprising harsh pulp fibers which in at least a portion contain oil and have a higher bulk absorbency than an identical shell which lacks surfactant treatment.

16. The sanitary paper product of claim 15, wherein the fibrous structure has an NTS (Resistance to Normalized Traction) of 50 g ^ mVg and an XY wicking effect index of at least 0.92 g / g / s.

17. The sanitary paper product of claim 15, wherein the fibrous structure has an NTS of 50 g £ m 2 / g and a wicking effect index Z of at least 3.80 g / g / s.

18. The sanitary paper produsto of the vindicating 15, wherein the "rough pulp fibers are resized fibers.

19. The sanitary paper product of claim 15, wherein the rough fibers of the pulp include residential paper fibers.

20. The sanitary paper product of claim 15, wherein the fibrous structure has an NTS of 50 g £ mVg and a total wicking effect index of at least 8.90 g / g / s.

21. The sanitary paper product of claim 15, wherein the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of non-ionic, cationic surfactants or a mixture thereof.

22. The sanitary paper product of claim 15, wherein the fibrous shrinkage has an NTS of 135 g £ m2 / g and an XY mesha effect index of at least 0.68 g / g / s.

23. The sanitary paper produsto of claim 15, wherein the fibrous structure has an NTS of 135 g £ m2 / g and a Z-effect wick of at least 3.19 g / g / s.

24. The sanitary paper product of claim 15, wherein the fibrous structure has a TS of 135 gfm2 / g and a total wicking effect index of at least 6.66 g / g / s R E S M E The present invention comprises a sanitary paper product that includes a fibrous structure without surfactant-treated fabric, in wet repose that includes roughened pulp fibers that at least a portion contains oil and has a low load and energy of soup grinding similar to that of an identical fibrous structure that lacks surfactant treatment.