MXPA99004631A - Improved object manufacture - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention provides an improved process for laminated object manufacture. The process includes printing on pieces of substrate (such as paper) (64) a desired cross-sectional outline (67). Printing may be carried out, for example, using a laser printer (66). The printed substrates are then bounded (70) and sufficient energy (68) is applied to the printed outline to cause each substrate to weaken at the outline. A three dimensional object can result. Such an object can be used as a model or prototype or an actual working part.

Description

IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF OBJECTS TECHNICAL FIELD This invention lies in the field of object manufacturing.

PREVIOUS TECHNIQUE It is known to use laser technology to manufacture objects, such as parts that require manufacturing precision, in order to interact with other parts, and also prototypes. In the past, such parts and prototypes were usually made by experienced craftsmen, from wood, plastic or a similar material. Alternatively, these products were machined from solid metal. Such techniques consume time, require an experienced staff and are relatively expensive. In the manufacture of laminated objects or laser objects machinery ("LOM"), a CAD program is used (Computer-aided design), to generate a three-dimensional image of the object and provide the instructions to a computer connected to the LOM device, which, in turn, produces the three-dimensional solid object. In more detail, the LOM involves supplying a single layer of paper, which has been previously coated with an adhesive, on a platform horizontal. A rolling mill uses the heat to cause the paper to adhere to the platform. A laser cutting head emits a laser beam and moves on the paper layer under the influence of motors, adapted to control the movement of the laser head. This laser beam, guided by the instructions generated by the CAD, cuts precisely a first cross section of the desired object on the paper layer. The laser then cuts all excess paper out of the cross-sectional area, in effect, releasing the paper to the outside of the cross-sectional boundary. The horizontal platform moves down and a second layer of paper is advanced and laminated to the first. The second cross section of the object is cut out by means of the laser beam and, as before, the excess paper is cut. Each cross section is cut on a profile, which is often slightly different from that of the preceding and following sheets. This procedure is repeated until hundreds of cross sections have been cut, each consisting of the thickness of a single piece of paper. When all the cross sections have been cut, the paper stack is removed, the excess paper is separated from the cross sections (facilitated by the aforementioned laser cut) and the desired three-dimensional object remains.

The product is of wood appearance and can be sanded or machined to modify it. The production of the three-dimensional objects by means of the LOM represents a significant advance over the prototypes or handmade patterns, previously available, because the LOM is capable of producing three-dimensional objects at high speeds and a relatively low cost, compared to the previous procedures. However, the production of each sheet of such a laminated object consumes a relatively long time, because, although the trajectory is crossed by the laser cutting head from above, each sheet of paper is reprogrammed in the computer control system, the head it must still physically cross the path of the desired cut on the sheet. The use of such systems can produce good quality laminate models, although in the case of a lamination model of average complexity and the cutting of all the required sheets, it can take thirty six hours or more. Therefore, it is an object of the present invention, among other things, to provide a system for the production of the objects formed of laminated sheets, in which the cutting or working of each sheet in the required profile is achieved relatively quickly , in comparison with the existing apparatus and does not necessarily require mechanical components to physically cross the profiles to be cut on each sheet.

EXHIBITION OF THE INVENTION It has now been discovered that three-dimensional objects, both multilayer and one layer, can be produced in a manner similar to the LOM technique of the prior art, but without the need to employ a laser beam. At least in some embodiments, the present invention relates to processes and apparatuses that are adapted to rapidly transmit a required profile on a sheet to be laminated and facilitate the cutting of the successive sheets of different predetermined profiles, without the need of any mechanical device that has to cross the precise profile that is going to be cut on the blade. Therefore, this invention provides an improved process for manufacturing objects, comprising printing on at least one substrate, a profile in the desired cross section and applying sufficient energy to the printed profile, to use the substrate to weaken in the profile. It is an especially preferred embodiment, this invention provides an improved process for the manufacture of laminated objects, which comprises printing in at least some number of pieces of substrates a desired profile in cross section, bond the substrates and apply sufficient energy to the printed profile to cause each printed substrate to weaken in the profile. This invention also provides an object and a laminated object manufactured by the processes of the present invention. This invention also provides apparatuses for producing objects, these apparatuses include printing means for printing, on at least one substrate, a desired cross-sectional profile and an energy generating element, for applying sufficient energy to the printed profile, and causing the substrate weakens in the profile. This invention also provides an apparatus for producing a laminated object, the apparatus includes a printing element for printing on at least some of a number of pieces of the substrate a desired profile in cross section, joining the element by the attachment of the substrate and the element generator of energy, to apply enough energy to the printed profile, to ensure that each substrate weakens in the profile. It will be appreciated that the process of the present invention greatly improves upon the LOM technique of the prior art, since it can enable production of three-dimensional objects by the apparatus, such as copying machines or printers, for example. Preferably, they are guided by a computer, in a manner similar to the LOM apparatus of the prior art, so the computer instructs the depositing of each desired profile in transverse section on each substrate, to result in a stack of substrates. It is learned within the scope of this invention to use a laser, although it is not necessary to work with the invention in all modalities, as is the case of the prior art technology described above. The substrate can be selected from a wide range of materials, including, without limitation, woven and nonwoven materials, membranes and materials made of cellulose or organic fibers. Optionally, a metal or other material can be insorporated in some or all of the substrates. The substrate can be a mixture of pieces. If the substrate is made of a relatively malleable material, such as a metal, the object can be modified after manufacture, using a hammer, for example. Other selections of adesuted substrates will be apparent to those skilled in the relevant arts.

A preferred material is paper, since it is readily available and inexpensive. However, the substrate may comprise a single layer of any suitable material, including or not including paper, but also bulk construsion material, grid construction material, silicon chips or wafers, or other cirsuite board material, ets . However, the substrate does not need to be flat, it can be three-dimensional. In addition, the substrate may be multilayer, for example, to comprise a laminate, optionally with different compositions through the sapas. The substrate can form a "grid" with areas of different electrostatic charges, so that the printing on the substrate will react differently, depending on the location on the substrate. The substratum can be hesho of mesoporous sylise, in this case the printing material can be sodium, zinc, lead, mercury or biological molecules. It is also considered that a substrate may incorporate veneering material or that veneering material may be inserted between substrates in a stack. By controlling the deposition of the veneering material, if necessary, by the use of the insulating material, the three-dimensional object can be formed on one layer per layer base. The substrates can be weakened in the profile, for example, by dissolving all the material, except the veneered object. As part of the substrate, or included in the substrate pile, there may be a material that has the ability to provide insulation, reinforcement, electric condussión, electrical resistance, etc. The material can have other sualities: for example, it can be fusible, it can retard the flame or aselerate the flame. The material in the substrate or substrate stack, or the print itself, can act as an antenna or insorporate points or areas of electrical contact. Some or all of the materials can act as receivers, transducers, inverters, answering machine, anode, cathode, etc. In one embodiment, a pile of substrates can, in effect, form a chemical power cell, which, when activated, for example by the addition of a suitable liquid or by completing an electrical circuit, can cause a slow reactivation in the sual the ions are transferred to or from the profile. As an example, the profile may be carbon printed, some or all of the substrates may comprise or contain magnesium dioxide. Immersion of the cell in the ammonium chloride bath will result in the formation of a Leclanche cell. The activation of this library will result in the transfer of elastrons, affecting the profile and weakening the substrates in the profiles. As will be evident, other solutions can replace the ammonium chloride bath. Similarly, the profile may be copper, for example, with the substrates sounding zins; the pile will then be lowered into a bath of sulfuric acid. The power cells can be connected in series or in parallel, if desired. Alternatively, a stack of substrates or substrate components can effectively form a dry cell battery or a computer chip. In any case, this may weaken the profile, or may deposit the impression material on the profile. This form of the invention is similarly slow, but it may be appropriate in cases where the object to be formed is complex. In another, a similar modality, the reaction does not need to be slow; You can, for example, be a fast one. In addition, it is an option that the ions can be transferred from a bias or somponent in a substrate to another bias or somponent. Also, a laminate or multi-component substrate can by itself form a battery. Different pieces of substrates can carry a positive or negative charge, so that the stack can form a capacitor or electric capacitor, a battery or sirsuito (still a sirsuito somplejo). Different parts of the profile can also carry a positive or negative charge. One or more pieces of the substrate, or the material included in the pile, may have electrical sontasto points; The stack may include resources for power connection or power transmission. One or more pieces of substrates can act as a cationic membrane or a product of similar use. The substrate stack may be composed of photosensitive film or paper or, for example, a photographic emulsion on a carrier. As a further development of this concept, different layers in the stack can react differently to the intensity or freshness of the light, which can result in different effects, depending on the objective. This concept can be used to join the pile, or to join parts of the pile, or to join components of the pile, if something of the substrate or parts of the substrate or somponentes can become adhesive or can melt or harden or dissolve or degrade or remain unaffected under partisanship. In some modalities, the impression can be taken to taste by directing light adesutadamente, that it includes the light generated by a laser. It is within the scope of this invention that one or more of the substrates, but not necessarily All substrates (which include the printed sap opcion), can be placed by spraying, sprinkling or vacuum deposit or other suitable methods. The substrate can itself be laid as part of the printing stage. In addition, the substrate may comprise a line or profile, for example. The substrate pieces or individual layers of the substrate may be of various colors, to assist in the machining or other handling of the object. For example, when the substrate is paper, a number of substrates is used, the layers of the paper can be colored in a selessioned color at a particular depth in relasion are the object to be formed, and in a different color or solids for all or some of the remaining depths. This can help in making a particular position on the object for machining during later production, for example. A surface of each piece of the substrate, or part thereof, can be variably solor or refractive, not only to help in machining or handling the object, but also to aid in identification, for example. In another variant, the part of the substrate that will be incorporated into the object may be one color, such as green, while the part of the substrate, which will be waste, it can be of another solor, such as red. This can provide a visual distinction between the object and the scatter material. The same teasin can be used to provide a visual distinction between different parts of an object or between different objects. The printing stage includes printing by hand, paint with a brush, injection into the substrate by a syringe, offset printing and all other useful forms of printing. However, the printing stage is more important than the tradisional impression. For example, printing can be achieved by bubble printing or by xerography. It is also within the scope of this invention that printing can be achieved using the "Copypress" process, such as that offered by the OCE organization, in a manner similar to the xerographic process. As is known, in xerography, poor electrical conductors, such as selenium, which can absorb the energy of light to allow a current to flow when a voltage is applied, are used as an insulating layer on a plate. This allows the exposure of the image to be made. This image is made visible by splashing on the exposed plate a "toner" (toner), which comprises a special charged powder, the sual carries a twill opposite the load initial applied to the plate and the insulating sapa. The dust adheres to those areas that have retained their twill. An impression is obtained by substituting the plate with paper and then applying a load of the same polarity on the back of the paper, as the initial charge applied to the photoconductive insulating layer, in this way, the opposite charged powders are transferred to the surface of the paper . The powder image is then melted onto the paper by exposure to solvent vapor or heating to make the image permanent and fixed to the substrate. The toner powder may contain a thermoset plasticizing element, as well as particles that are magnetic or electrically conductive. These particles are what make it possible for the image to be based on paper. Currently, these particles are collected for reuse. It is within the scope of the process of the invention that the particles are retained on the substrate to assist. to weaken the substrate in the profile. Actually, it may be possible to use these particles without the thermosetting plasticizing element, to form the profile. Next, the substrate can be sprayed, for example, with a thermosetting plastic powder, which will melt on exposure to heat and cause the substrates to bond together.

It will be noted that the substrate can contain the selenium and can replace the selenium plase in a sonerosional xerograph, obviating the need for the selenium plate. As another option, the thermosetting plasticizable element can be applied to the substrate first. Electrically conductive or magnetic particles or electrostatically charged particles can then be applied to the substrate to form the required profile. The subsequent application of heat will cause the substrates to bond together. As a further example, the substrate can be embossed (such as by using a hot metal stamp and a sheet or sheet to transfer the metal onto the substrate) and this is achieved by the printing step of the invention. Likewise, as well as the printing of a profile, it is within the scope of the present invention to provide another printing or marking, such as the numbers of pieces, etc., or by coloring on the object. It will usually be preferred that this other impression or marsa is not able to take part in the weakening stage. The printing stage can also be carried out by electrostatic resources and it can, for example, deposit what is, in this case, an e-mail tray or tabletop. cirsuito Alternatively, a separate circuit board or electrical path can be incorporated into the object or stack at any stage in manufacturing or after fabrication. It is an option more than the impression can be effected, for example, by a knowledge of engraving, where the substrate assumes a magnetic syntax. The recording on a substrate of magnetic tape by the recording head can alter or destroy the tape in the profile or allow the destruction in the profile in the last stage. If the substrate suffers or insulates a magnetic material, the polarity can be altered to cause the substrate to attach to a substrate immediately above or below it. This can take place with the printing step, so the first substrate joins the second substrate in line with the profile. A laser, for example, can be used to cut the substrate in the profile. As a further option, the profile can be placed on the substrate by an electric current, for example, with subsequent exposure to light or another influence capable of "adjusting" the profile or the rest of the substrate. The steps of printing and weakening the process of the invention can make use of the technology known as "photocopies." For example, the material that is deposited during the printing stage can include beads. magnetic carriers made, for example, of iron. The toner can be used to fix the carrier balls on the desired profile. Next, the heat or energy applied to the substrate may be able to heat the balls to a temperature high enough to destroy the substrate in the profile. The carrier balls can be recovered (for example magnetically) and recycled or discarded. In a further embodiment, some or all of the substrate can be incorporated into its carrier beads or selenium particles or the like, which can be energized to attract toner particles. These toner particles may also be resident in or between the sheets of the substrate. In some conventional photocopying or laser printing processes, the paper is loaded. Exposure to the image to be copied or printed, alters the load, which then allows the toner to be deposited, this toner is attracted to the portions of the paper subject to the load. It is within the scope of the invention that the printing stage includes the charge of a liquid "toner" and the alteration of the load on the profile. For the purposes of this embodiment, the substrate itself may be liquid. Preferably, if more than one substrate is used or and it is desired to join them, the substrates are joined together by adesuados resources, which include those of the art. previous; the use of a protruding roller and a fusion adhesive, are the sual a substrate is resubre. Any other appropriate method of joining can be used. As an example, the pieces of the substrate can be joined to each other by the force of stress or friction. As another example, a pile adhesive can be incorporated by such a resource as heat-sensitive sheets interleaved in the pieces of the substrate, these thermosensitive sheets melt when applying heat and effectively join the stack together. In addition, the method of joining the stack may not be applied at all to each piece of the substrate, but only in part, such as the region in which the object is to be formed. The printing step usually involves depositing a suitable material on the substrate. The nature of the material to be deposited will depend on the intended purpose of the product, and on any method of causing the weakening of the substrate, and suitable selections will be apparent to one skilled in the art. Without limitation, the following may be mentioned as an example: solid, liquid, gels or gaseous materials, which include, but are not limited to ink or toner, can be activated magnetically, electrically or chemically, or by sound, light (visible , infrared and / or ultraviolet), irradiation temperature change, or other energy, which includes microwaves, X-rays and electromagnetic vibration, Elestroshapeado ink, mixtures, compounds, colloids, aggregates, polymers including polypyrrole and polyaniline, monomers, plastics, metals, alloys, ceramics, magnetic particles, enzymes, proteins, impurity type agents, organic material, biological material, resins , dielectric material, metallic ink, reflestora ink (that can allow to enfosar energy), particles or arrays that are photoelectric, photovoltaic, light emitting, luminent or radioactive. A further example is a pyro-esthesia polymer disclosed in the patent specification of US Pat. No. 5,604,292 (Stenger-Smith). Still another example is a phenylamine polymer, substituted with amino, conjugate. Super-cooled helium, which can be printed on a mesoporous silica substrate, is another example. As an example, the ink may consist of or contain quartz crystals or otherwise tuneable crystals, responsive to transmissions, such as FM, AM or ultrasound or other frequencies. The ink may have mixtures of glazes, some of which may be of quartz, and some ceramics or piezoelectric polymers, for example. In this case, waves or vibrations can be used to pass the stress from one profile to another profile or from a profile to a substrate, for example. Lassaric dessargas provide energy to alter the profile.

As a development of this idea, the profile can be "seeded" with suitable crystals, such as quartz. The substrate containing the profile is lowered into a bath of a suitable solution where the crystals grow, so the profile grows weaker and the substrate. An adesuado means (for example, the temperature and the pressure) can be reqd. As another example, the ink or the printed material can include iron in the first case and the magnetic and condustive properties thereof can be changed in selected areas, by the formation of an alloy. The profile can consist of a single atom or a line of atoms, or a single molecule or a line of molecules. This can have important ramifications in the sampo of the missomputers, for example. The profile can be formed of a material such as a semisodustor or an electrosurgical plastis. An example of this is polyasethylene, sual is sontamine by iodine and / or other adesuted impurities. The profile can comprise the material, or the material can be used as a molecular sieve, so the removal of the material from the substrate leaves molecules or atoms of the impurities or other substances, with the suals they form the profile. This profile can also be formed from a material the sual is a conductor, in the example of polyacetylene, the which is contaminated with iodine or other impurities, it will be understood that this iodine together with other impurities can form the contaminating agent. The profile can be formed by any suitable resuscitation, which includes the manual or using a computer. Several different methods of forming the profile are discussed here. This profile can also be formed by such techniques as non-eletronic shape or displacement shape. The profile can be worked by these techniques. In addition, the profile can be formed or worked by such techniques as electroplating, metal plating or ion plating. It will be appreciated that the process of the present invention greatly improves the prior art techniques, since it can enable the production of products by apparatuses, such as photocopying machines or printers, for example. Preferably, they are guided by a computer, so the computer instructs the deposit of each desired profile in cross section over a substrate or stack of substrates. As a further option, some or all of the substrates may be filled with liquid filled seals.

A suitable printing element for eetos substrates can deposit ink, toner or a contaminating agent, for example, on or inside the selda or the liquid that they are, similar to a tattoo process, for example. Such substrates can be joined before or after printing. In the form of a further development of this idea, the substrate may comprise a liquid so-tion and the impression may be deposited on the surface of the liquid. The layer of the liquid carrying the deposited impression can then be transported, for example mechanically or elastically, to a site on a stack. This is analogous to the offset printing process. As an alternative, the liquid layer may already be located on the stack, before printing. After printing, if appropriate, the battery may fall into the liquid. The deposited impression can cause the liquid to cure or harden in the profile. Optionally, the liquid separated from the deposited profile can be repelled or removed, leaving the printed profile. In another related embodiment, an ink may be combined with a portion of the liquid and cause it to harden, thereby forming a sheet or layer of the substrate. The profile can be defined by the ink at the same stage or at a later stage. - Hardening can take place by the mixture of the ink with the liquid or by the application of energy to the ink. In this aspesto, the ink can act as a catalyst or a pre-catalyst or a preparatory step in the alterssion process. When the xerographic apparatus is used, the profile can be formed by attracting the electrostatic toner or other printing material to the profile, as is the case with the sonoside photocopiers. When possible, this can be accomplished on a micro-level. Furthermore, this invention considers the selective weakening of the substrate in the profile, for example using different types of the deposited material. As an example, one type of material can be affected by a field of a particular intensity, such as 150,000 Hz, while another type of material, on the same substrate, can be affected by a substantially stronger field or a different type of energy. The intensity of the fields or the applied energy will determine the lines in which the weakening occurs. It will be understood that different substrates and their respective profiles (which define the object or waste material in cubes) in a stack can be affected or worked by different energies and modes of delivery. The nature of the printing materials can be very broad. For example, it may include cells, which encompass fetal cells, mitochondria, DNA, viruses, bacteria, other living organisms (for example, larvae, leeches), chromosomes, leukosites that can be redirected with erythrocytes, sperm, which can react with ovules or other symbolic pairs that can work together to weaken or destroy the substrate in the profile. As will be readily appreciated, some of them may be able to use the substrate or profile as food for a colony to be formed, in order to weaken or destroy the substrate in the profile. The printing material can be a destroying agent, a hormone or gene that cuts, for example. When the printed material is DNA, for example, it can be deposited on or inside the cellular material, which comprises the substrate or the printing on a substrate. To execute the process of the invention, it is not necessary to print on each piece of the substrate. For example, it may be possible to print only on each second piece of the substrate or even less frequently. If a substrate is multi-layered, it may not be necessary to print on each sapa. It may be necessary to use a sufficient reactivity profile to cause weakening in adjacent unprinted parts or cersanas in this mode. In relasion are the union of the substrates in the process of the invention, it will be understood that the term "union" includes the mesophobic asholation as well as the union by electrostatic forces, electrochemical forces, rubber and friction, for example. The joining step can be carried out before or after the printing step. In addition, the substrate can be printed, attached and then printed or further processed. The joining step includes joining the substrates in selected places and joining these substrates in a "light weight" type manner, so that they can be peeled off. The joining step can be carried out by using a hole through the shape or bond, in the sual the substrates are several holes or openings, in a selected pattern, they are printed with a profile, for example, plating to a cathode. The printing step may combine the joining step by filtering the deposited material through the openings or holes in the stack,. or by migrating the material deposited through the openings or holes by capillary action, magnetic attraction or repulsion, attraction or repulsion electrisa, gravity or elestro-shrinkage, it may be possible to effect the stepwise electrical connection of substrates in a stack by these means, although it may not be necessary for one of the substrates to be audible to the others electrically. A three-dimensional object or, alternatively, the material of waste, can be "treated" layer by layer in this mode. In order to separate the desired three-dimensional object from the parts surrounding the substrate, various methods can be used. A preferred method is to induce an electric current in the profile, or at least the outer limit of the transverse sessions. This can be achieved by means of high frequency induction or by using a capacitor, to which a high frequency voltage is applied, for example, and can generate enough heat in each profile to make the substrate weak (for example, by burned) in the profile. When the material to be discharged is not ductile or conductive, the use of dielectric heating in a sampler sampo may be more appropriate. It will be further understood that the profile can be adapted to be used as a capacitor or dielectric. High frequency heating is well known. The heat develops inside the material to be heated (in the case of the present invention, the printed profile), with the energy supplied per unit volume of the material being as large as the material allows. The heating is located directly and exactly to the place to be treated and can be carried out at high speed. In the case of warming dielectric, the generation of the salor through the material is uniform, as long as the material itself is homogeneous. Examples of printed materials that can be adapted for use in a set are high frequency sanding, inks or toners containing metals or plastics. It is preferred, in this embodiment, that the substrate be substantially inert, so the application of high frequency heat to the printed profile will generate sufficient heat to burn the profile without burning the rest of the substrate. In this way, the substrate can be weakened or burned through the profile of the desired three-dimensional object, in a manner similar to the previous LOM method using a laser. As examples of the suitable material to be used in the printing step of the invention, the particles that can be plated, which contain the electroplating ink, must also be mentioned, as well as the organic or non-organic compounds or their mixtures , photodegradable materials, photo-fuels, electro-fuels, welding, electro-welding, electro-sintering, pyro-esthetic, photo-reactive and photo-synthesizers, and materials that can act as lenses, such as electric or magnetic lenses. The printing stage can also be carried out in other ways. Examples are the following, a Mask, such as a stencil, can be used to cover what is not going to be exposed to the subsequent energy. In this modality, the exposed area can form the profile or the unexposed area can also form the profile. The substrate can be or include a resin that hardens by light. A combinasión of a massara and a resin that endurese by light can be used. A printed question is an option. It may be possible to use the elestro-ensogimiento. The printing stage can imply the exposure of the substrate several times, using a different thickness in one or several osasions. This can be useful, for example, if exposure of the substrate to different wavelengths of light can result in different effects. Optionally, the substrates and components of the stack can be masked. In addition, a mask can act as a filter or protect against a type of energy, or frequency of light. A mask can be a good cousin or it can allow the exposure of the subjacent material to the light of different fresuensia or energy, such as infrared or ultraviolet light, or X-rays, for example. A mask can be lead-based and provide protection, so unprotected surfaces of the substrate can be destroyed, for example, by X-rays. A mask can be permanent or removable.

The mask can be used in relation to editing. The mask can isolate. It is possible to contaminate a mask on or on a substrate. It is also possible to use a mask as a protector to allow angled cuts of the substrate - for example, to allow 45 degree cuts by a laser, but not 90 degree cuts. A mask can be temporary; It can be effective in essoger a period and then begin to dessomponerse. The mask may have a variation in thickness from one piece to another. This can be useful in controlling the weakening or cutting of the sapa and can be used to produce roasts in certain patterns. In relation to the stage of weakening of the process, in one modality, the destruction of the profile can generate light of sufficient intensity to weaken the substrate, very similar to a sontasto laser. The prosess of the present implied invention weaken along the profile. As a variant, a change in the nature or composition of something from the substrate can be induced - for example, by converting some of the substrate into a brittle form, while the remainder remains elastic. The term "weakening", as used herein, encompasses "alteration" in this sense This invention is not limited to the weakening of the substrate from above the stack, as is the case with the LOM system of the prior art. For example, It may be possible to cause the weakening stage to start from under the stack or from somewhere inside the stack. As a further development, the printed material on the substrate may be capable of acting as an anode or cathode, including an anode or cathode in an electrolysis cell, in order to attract the deposited metal or other substance, for example. As the electrolysis proceeds, the profile grows and the substrate is weakened in the profile, finally forming the object. The concept of weakening of the substrate in the profile includes other "growth" techniques in the profile, such as crystallization. It will be understood that the substrate may alternatively be a repelled deposited metal or other substance, for example. When the electrolysis proceeds and the material is attracted to the profile, this profile is formed by the deposit of the attracted metal or other substance. The weakening of the profile can be compared to the rupture of a rock by the invasion of the roots of a tree, the rocks being the substrate and the impression representing the roots of the tree. The profile in transverse section, which can, of course, include the interior impression, which includes complex interior patterns or block printing solids, can be printed on both sides of the substrate, which can also be double or extra thickness, in this case the weakening process can operate from each sustado of the substrate. The profile does not need to be continuous; it is within the scope of the invention that the profile is filled with points or dashes, for example. Optionally, the profile can be formed of particles, which include atoms or molecules or parts thereof, of metal or other suitable material, which can be joined to the desired profile (for example, the cathode or anode) formed by electroconductive plastic or other material or materials that can hold a load, for example. It is within the scope of this invention to use compounds or elements that can migrate to the desired profile under electri- cal, magnetic, quiescent or mesangysic influences. If desired, the object, or parts thereof, formed by the process of this invention, can provide an anode or cathode with individual layers of the substrate, which have different degrees of strength, if required. In this way, the object can be plated in a plating bath, or other plating means, which results in different effects, depending on the strength in the layers of the substrate. This is especially useful in moderating the pulse power in the plating process.

It will be understood that the process of the invention includes printing on or on the surface of the substrate. A pile of substrates can be gas permeable, so as to form, for example, a fluorescent or neon tube, the weakening step being effected by the deposit, which carries gas, of the suitable material, which includes the ions, elements, compounds, colloids, to the printed profile. Alternatively, the substrate stack may be permeable to the liquid in much the same way. The weakening of the profile can be carried out on a particle substrate, after the substrate has been attached to the stack. In the LOM of the prior art, for example that offered by Helisys Corp. of California, E. U. A., each sheet is attached to the stack and the profile cut. Successive sheets are treated in the same way. The process of the present invention can be carried out in the same manner, in which each sheet of substance is attached to the stack, printing takes place before or after joining and the weakening of the profile on the sheet of the substrate follows. Another sheet is advanced, united, etc. The energy used to weaken the substrate in the profile can be supplied by electromagnetic radiation or by microwave or radio waves, for example.

As well as the possibility that the profile can be formed by one or more sorrientes of hases of electrons in the substrate, this profile can also work by other means. The beam of elastones can perform the printing or weakening stages or both together, effetively burning through, or working the substrate, sonforme the profile is drawn. In a further development, using the conosida technology relative to the pixeis (pixels) of printing or pixels of osultamiento, the substrate can be printed with a series of excitable "points", which can be excited by an electron beam, by example, which can effect the weakening or destruction of the substrate in the desired profile or that can enable the joining of the substrates. In relation to the formation of the profile from a contamination agent, the weakening of the substrate may occur in the scaling of the sontaminating agent or after the aplishing of the appropriate energy or other resources to the pollutant agent or contaminated substrate, or to the non-contaminated substrate. Contaminated from the substrate (if any). One can mention electro-shrinkage as another method of weakening the substrate.

It will be recalled that, in order to facilitate the removal of excess material from a three-dimensional object, formed by the techniques of the LOM of the prior art, it is common to use the laser to cut pictures of the paper to the outside of the profile. A similar technique can be used in connection with the process of the present invention, by printing the excess of the substrate, for example, in a cross-linked pattern or in tables, at the same time as the profile is printed. The aplissation of an adesuada energy in the form of, for example, high frequency heat not only weakens the substrate in the profile, but also weakens or alters the excess of the substrate in sections, facilitating the removal of excess substrate at the desired time , which can be during or after the union and / or stacking. The TOMs of the LOM of the previous art typically produce an object 300 mm high in about three days. It is estimated that the prosess of the present invention, at least in some modalities, will be able to produce 24 meters of objects per day. This, by itself, is a significant improvement over the previous art. However, there are further ramifications. The velosity at the same time of the present invention is capable of allowing LOM methods to be used to produce objects on a large scale, in a timely manner and snooty In addition, several printers can operate to supply a large printed profile on a substrate or the printed profiles required on the various substrates (at the same time) and this will further reduce the manufacturing time. The accuracy in which the process of the invention is able to establish a new standard, especially when it is considered that the profile can be microscopically small to consist of discrete atoms, for example. This is a considerable advantage over the TOMs of the LOM of the prior art, where the exastitude is dependent on the minimum transverse direction of the laser beam. It will be understood that the process of the present invention is not limited to the use of high freshness freshensia. For example, it may be possible to achieve the desired result by applying an elusive sorriente to a profile which has been marked by a toner or ink, such as the MICR toner (resonance of magnetic image sarasters), which is capable of carrying a sorr elstrisa Due to the resistances of the profile, the substrate (eg paper) must be destroyed or weakened in the profile. As another option, the desired result can be achieved by using a printing material that is aluminum, for example, or metal ions, similar to electroplating solutions. It is within the scope of the method of this invention to apply the required energy to each substrate or profile, after printing and / or bonding, or stacking the energy to a stack of substrates or profiles, after printing and bonding. In addition, the energy can be supplied by an electromagnetic coil, or by alternating or direct current or by light or chemicals, for example. In one embodiment, the printed material is activated by an accelerator or similar substance, or by infrared or ultraviolet light. In another embodiment, the substrate is printed with a material, which is photosensitive, so the exposure planned and synchronized to the light weakens or destroys or alters the substrate in the profile. In another embodiment, the profile can be connected to ground (or alternatively, the substrate can be connected to ground) and apply a current to weaken the substrate in the profile. In yet another embodiment, the profile can be formed by one or more particles of elastrons or hases of particles in the substrate, in a modality similar to that used in a tube of cathode ray (a vacuum). The beam of electrons or particles can activate the stages of impression or weakening, or both together, effusively burning through the substrate sonforme traces the profile. The substrate can be isolated within the vacuum environment or outside of it, they are the beam of particles or particles having enough energy to achieve the desired effect of tracing and / or weakening. It is within the scope of this invention that the printing and weakening steps are carried out simultaneously, by means other than a laser beam. In a further embodiment, the profile can be traced by one or more strand currents of particles or particles in the substrate, this substrate carries a grid of points sensitive to a suitable energy. Each point can be selectively excited by the unskilled and controlled exposure to the electron or particle beam. The profile is thus formed; the reaction of the points on the beam causes the weakening of the substrate in the profile. In a further embodiment, the profile can be formed of a pollutant agent. The weakening of the substrate can occur in the cleaning of the sonating agent or after the aplissation of the appropriate energy or other means. In yet one more mode, the profile can be formed using a substance capable of reacting are a second substance or causing a chain reaction to result in combustion or explosion, sufficient to at least weaken the substrate in the profile. For example, the first substance can be printed on a first piece of the substrate. The second substance can be printed on the next piece of the substrate, in such a way as to penetrate the second piece and allow the first substance to make contact with the second substance. Depending on the nature of the first and second substances, the combustion or explosion may strike immediately upon contact, or after activation, by a suitable catalyst or detonator. Alternatively, the first piece of the substrate can be superimposed by a sheet, which is impregnated with the second substance, and which causes the combustion or explosion, or in the check or after the activation, in a manner sufficient to weaken both the first piece of the substrate in the profile, as the second piece of the substrate in the region of the same profile. A specific example of this type of modality is as follows. The substrate is a sheet of sarbon fiber. The profile is primed in magnesium in an atmosphere without oxygen or with reduced oxygen. The oxygen is then fed to the profile. The resulting chemical reaction weakens the substrate in the profile. This example applies both the formation of an object of a single sheet of substrate and the formation of an object of a plurality of sheets of substrates. As another illustration, the profile formed may be sensitive to light and the substrate will weaken in the profile upon exposure of this profile to a laser, although the laser beam may not be limited to the profile. This enables the use of laser technology without the need for an exact laser guide. An exact laser guide system can also be used, of course, to weaken the substrate in the profile. Several faces can be introduced into the LÓM's tisanes, using the process of the present invention. For example, the laminated object to be formed can be "edited", such as by a laser or by drilling by hand or by other known means, during manufacturing or after fabrication. Thus, grooves, grooves, exsavations and sambios similar to the object can be made. Furthermore, it is within the scope of this invention to form the object and mold additional material as the object is formed or as the substrate weakens in the profile. In one embodiment, the object formed by the process of the invention can be used as a mold or aggregate with a different material. A specific example of this is the formation of an object in a honeycomb pattern. The material can be incorporated into the spaces in the honeycomb, as the waste substrate is removed, so the resulting object is a set or is reinforced, for example. The laminated object, formed by the process of the invention, can be further modified and this aspect is included within the scope of the invention. For example, part or all of the object can be compared. For example, a gas introduced into a bone object can be caused to explode, thus compressing the material of the object, and making it more solid, or totally or in the region that limits the interior. As an additional development of this aspect, the interior of the object may include lines of force or weakness, so the explosion will have a particular desired effect. These options may be especially suitable for use in an object made totally or mainly of cellulose, for example. In another related option of the process of the invention, where the laminated object is formed with a hollow core or other cavity, it is within the scope of the invention to insert a fine particulate material into the hollow core or cavity and apply pressure, so at least something of the particle material is forced into the object. The purpose of this may be to strengthen the object or add some desired features. In yet another option, the core or hollow cavity may have inserted there a diaphragm or other deformable cover, which may be caused to inflate within the core or cavity, by applying pressure, and making it possible for part or all of the object to be compacted. In some cases, the object produced by the process of the invention will have one Masho somponente and another female (or more than one of each). It may be desired to make each male component or each female component more dense or solid. It is within the scope of this invention to compress or compact the female somponent around the Masho somponent, thus making this female somponent more dense or solid. Likewise, it is within the scope of this invention to compress or compress any of the male components within the female components, thereby making each male component more dense or solid. As a further option, the material in the male component can be introduced into the female somponent, or vice versa, in order to harden the male and / or female component. The desired result can be male and female components of different densities.

As another method of obtaining the object, or certain surfaces of it, more solids, liquids containing agents that settle or cement inside or on the object can be emptied, are in order to endure a desired surface or make the object more solid. The object can then be able to attract or repel certain substances, such as water, but not oil, for example. In yet another aspect of changing the characteristics of the object after manufacture, a liquid medium can be used to carry the solids or ions that can be caused to migrate to selected parts of the object in the application of an electrically current to the substrates, the profiles or the object. If desired, a suitable liquid or gas can be introduced into one or more savities of the object of the invention, which is then subjected to a centrifugal force, to push the liquid or gas inside the object, even to its outer limits, in both cases. The profile printed by the. The xerograph can be used as a sieve. For example, an adesuado hydrosarburo can be vasiado in the object after the manufacture, to increase the density of some or all the objects, filling. any gap. The hydrocarbon can carry metallized particles, or coal, or plastis particles, for example, and deposit them in regions of the object or in part or all the superfisie. If desired, heat can be pumped to homogenize or stabilize the resulting product or deposited material. The material can be deposited in or on some substrate layers or some regions or parts of the object. The goal may be to produce an object with different physical properties in the different parts. For example, some parts of the object may be harder or denser than others. Some parts can absorb shocks more easily than others. An object can be filled with a substance, such as a suitable resin, which, upon hardening, substantially increases the density and strength of the object, for example. On the other hand, all or substantially all of the object can be hardened due to the purpose intended for the object. For example, the object, fabricated from agreement, is the invention of the invention, it can be used for sets of dies, mandrels, press tools and other tools. The object can, by itself, be a part of work. It is within the scope of the process of the invention that drinking fountains or channels are formed within a object or pile, or during manufacture or after manufacture. If the channels are to be incorporated during fabrication, tubes or similar sondustos can be laid during the process. If the channels are to be formed after, this can be achieved by drilling the manufactured object, for example. Similarly, the subject of the invention may contain veins or paths that provide elastically convective paths or passages of the triangle. An object can have one or more of them. These may be able to act as an anode or cathode, for example. Such trajectories may be useful in enabling more detailed and complete electroplating of the object, for example. Such processes in the elastroshaping can be facilitated by selectively applying pressure or vacuum to an object, in a manner similar to the one previously discussed in relasion they are a partiscular material. For example, all or part of the object, obtained from agreement, is the invention, it can act as a cathode for the deposit of the chromium, the object being at least partially permeable and pressure or vacuum is applied to assist in the penetration of the chromium in part or the whole object. The aforementioned veins or paths can allow the passage of light, nutrients, fluids, suspensions or electrolyte solutions, for example.

In the previous decree, reference is frequently made to the treatment of an object. It will be understood that many of these treatments can be applied to the pile of substrates. In addition to this, a destroyed or excavated profile can be used as a mold. In addition, more than one object can be formed in one stack at a time. Each object can be formed on or in an existing structure or stack. Structural components can be added or insorporated before, during or after fabrication, so, for example, it may be possible to fabricate a three-dimensional object, the sual having a totally saptive part inside the object. In addition, projections or clamps, handles, hinges, saddles or other somponents can be added to the object or stack. The object can still be formed on an existing structure. Structure reinforcement can be added during fabrication, for example to reinforce a particularly high object and prevent it from oscillating. If desired, a strong reinforcement can be built into the pieces of the substrate. The structural reinforcement can be sweat not only to reinforce a particularly high object and prevent oscillation, but also to prevent being compressed by its own weight. The strutural or other substrates of the substrates may be the sarasteristisas in other eubetrates, for example, in the manner of ganshos and ojalee. When the profile is "coming" from the deposit, such as by crystallization, it may be convenient to alter the substrate outside the profile, so the waste substrate (which can form a jelly, for example), may be driven out by cresting . In a particularly preferred embodiment of the process of the invention, the substrate is paper and the profile comprises a thin and thin film, which is afflicted by misrodes, preferably by exhibiting high microwave losses, the paper has a low loss characteristic of microwaves . In this mode, the application of sufficient microwave energy results in the weakening of the substrate in the profile. The invention is also related to chemical etching, printing or marking procedures. It is well known to record a carved plate, for example. The plate is prepared by resubrirla are a sera or another sapa resistant to acid. The desired trajectory is recorded on the sera, using a sharp instrument to expose the metal. The metal plate is immersed in a bath of asido. The harsh atasa and separates the exposed metal, recording the desired tray on the plate. It is known to etch or otherwise mark substrates, such as chips or silicon wafers, in order to produce printed cirsuito boards and similar products. Laser beams can be used in this aspect. Convenience, the term "printing" and its derivatives, will be used here to encompass chemical etching, marking, printing, and similar procedures, where a track or pattern or pattern or profile is applied to or works within a substrate. The term "marsa" and its derivatives will be used to include a profile, track, trajectory and pattern. It has now been discovered that printed substrates can be produced without the need to follow the printing requirements and without the need to use a laser. Therefore, the invention also provides an improved printing process, which comprises printing on a substrate and treating printing to form a mark. This invention also provides an object manufactured by the improved printing process of the present invention.

The substrate can be selected from a wide range of materials, mentioned above. Different areas of the substrate or printing may carry a positive or negative twill. One or more substrate areas or printing may have sontasto eléstrisos points. The substrate can be filled with a photosensitive film. As a further development of this concept, different substrate arts can react differently to the intensity of the light, which can result in different effects, depending on the objective. It is also within the scope of this invention that the sub-layer may be laid by spray, dust or vacuum deposit or other suitable methods. In addition, the substrate may comprise a line or profile, for example. Likewise, like the impreement of the desired line (s), it is within the scope of the present invention to provide other impressions or marks, such as numbers of pieces, etc., on the sub-layer. The impregnation step can also be carried out by electrostatic means and can, for example, deposit what is, in effect, an electric path or sirsuite board.

Two or more substrates can be joined together by adesuted means, which include that of the previous tetanus: the use of a hot roll to melt the adhesive with which the subeatre is coated. Any other suitable method of joining can be used. As an example, the pieces of the substrate can be joined together by electrostatisation force. As another example, an adhesive for a pile of sub-strata can be insorporated by such means as thermosensitive sheets interleaved with the pieces of the substrate, thermoeensible sheets are melted in the clamping of the salt and effectively join the stacks together. In addition, the method of joining the stack may not be applied to all and every part of the substrate, but only to part of them. The printing stage usually involves the deposit of a material that has been added to the sub-layer. The nature of the material to be deposited depends on the further treatment desired and the aforementioned selsiones will be apparent to a person skilled in the art. Without limitation, the examples listed above may be applied to this invention as well. As an illustration, an atom or particle of metal, or other convective material, for example, the sarbon, can be deposited on a substrata of hiermisa or of silicon. A second substrate of the same or different material can be solved on the first substrate. The atom or particle can form a track or conductive location in the set, to act as a printed circuit, for example. The printing can be formed of a material, such as those mentioned above. In addition, this invention considers the selective alteration of lines on the substrate, for example, using different types of deposited material: example that have been mentioned above are also applicable here. In order to process printing to form the brand, several methods can be used. A preferred method is to apply energy to the print, such as by inducing an electrical current in the print. This can be achieved by high-fringes indussion or by using a sapasitor when a high-voltage voltage is applied. Other methods include light scattering, exposure of the impression to a reactive compound or exposure of the impression to a plasma. In order to assure that the mark is engraved, various methods can be used. A preferred method is to induce an electric current in the mark, or at least parts of it. This can be achieved by induction of high frequency or by using a sapasitor when the voltage is applied. of high fresuensia, for example, can generate sufisiente salor in sada marsa to sausar the engraving (for example, burning) of the marsa. When the material to be heated is not a condustor or is a bad conductor, the use of dielectric heating in a sapoitor sampo may be more appropriate. Printing does not need to be continuous; It is within the scope of the invention that the impression is overshadowed by dots or dashes, for example. Optionally, the impression can be formed of particles, which include the metal atoms or molecules, which can be attracted to the desired line, formed by electro-conductive plastics or other material that can maintain a charge, for example, within the range of The invention uses compounds that can migrate to the desired line under electrical, magnetic, chemical or mechanical influences. The subetrato is the impreeion may be exposed to a substance that reacts with this impreeion to form a mark, for example, an oxidizing atmosphere. Alternatively, the substrate with the print may be placed in an inert atmosphere and exposed to electromagnetic radiation to supply energy to the print. In a further alternative this subetrato with printing can be exposed to a plaem.

The marsa, the sual can, of course, include an interior impression, which comprises complex interior patterns or impreeionee eólidas, can be printed on both sides of the substrate, which can also be double or extra thick. The printing process in different areas of the substrate, whether it is treated, may vary, varying the size of the impregnation or the chemical composition of the impregnation may vary, so that the effects are greater and have a great impact on the substrate, compared to the smaller operations. Similarly, the ansho may vary from the printed lines. In a similar way, the chemical exposure may vary, so that the efisiensia varies as the energy that comes out is absorbed. Aei, an eessión can absorb the energy aplimated to a greater degree than another section and thus has a greater effect on the substrate. The accuracy of which the process of the invention is sapacious, will be stable to a new standard, especially when it is considered that the marsa may be microscopically small, to consist of atoms, for example. This is a considerable advantage over the prior art techniques. As an option, the desired result can be achieved by using a printing material that is aluminum, for example, or metal ions, similar to electro-shaped solutions. It is within the scope of the method of this invention to staple the energy required to each substrate after printing, or to pumpate the energy to a stack of substrate after the printing. In addition, the energy can be supplied by an electromagnetic coil, or by a direct current or by light or by chemical product, for example. In one embodiment, the printed material is astivated by an accelerator or similar substance, or by infrared or ultraviolet light. In another modality, the substrate is printed with a material which is photosensitive, so the planned and synchronous exposure to light alters the sub-layer in the mark. In yet another embodiment, the mark can be formed by one or more streams of electron beams in the substrate, in an environment similar to that used in a cathode ray tube (a vacuum). The electron beam can perform the printing stage, effectively burning through or within the substrate, as the marsa is drawn. The sub-stratum can be located within or outside the vane environment, they are the beam of strands having enough energy to achieve the desired efestos drawn. In a further embodiment, the mark can be formed of an agent that contaminates with impurities. In yet another embodiment, the marsa can be formed using a sapaz subetansia to react with a second substance to produce an explosion, at least sufficient to etch the substrate with a mark. For example, the first substance can be printed on a first piece of the substrate. The second substance can be printed on the next piece of the substrate, so as to penetrate into the second piece and allow the first substance to be placed in contaste are the second subetansia. Depending on the nature of the first and second substances, an explosion may occur immediately at the checkpoint, or after astivation by a satative or detonator adesuado. Alternatively, the first piece of the sub-stratum can be overlapped by a sheet, the sual is impregnated by the second substance and the sausage is exploded or in the sontasto or deepuée of the astivation, in a euphoric way to engrave both the first piece of the substrate is the marsa somo the second piece of the subetrato with the same mark. In another illustration, the formed mark can be sensitive to light and will be recorded on exposure to a laser, even if the laser beam is not limited to the mark. This does It is possible that the laser theory be used without the need for a laser guide. Various characteristics may be introduced in the process of the present invention. For example, the produst may be "edited", such as by a laser or perforation or other known means, during or after fabrication. Thus, grooves, grooves, excavations and similar changes can be made to the product. In addition, the product of this invention can be treated to add, for example, texture, such as a cover pattern. For example, a cup can be treated to have a textured surface. An example of this is the production of a three-dimensional product in the configuration of a cone, of thin layer of the eubetrate, such as paper. Each piece of paper is a symposium, piece eubeesuentes of paper have circles of a significantly smaller diameter to form a sono. Around the sirsunferensia of sada sírsulo, they can solosare puntoe, for example, the suals, suando the sono is formed, can be astivados to reeultar in a pattern of sobertor, or a impression of sosodrilo, around the surface of the cone. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that many variations of this are possible. As another example, the con can be coated with a separate substrate, which carries the desired pattern.

This invention involves the concept of sampling multiple impregnation operations and / or using lines of different thicknesses. The last sarasteristisa can be used, for example, to build a booster in a sirsuito, the tray eléstrisa being thinner in the ubisasión of the fuse. It will be understood that the marsa can echo the electrical path in the case of conductive products, or some or all of the rest of the substrate can comprise the path. The invention also provides the ability to cut the substrate. For example, a line can be printed on a substratum and then existed to melt, vaporize or rejuvenate is the sub-stratum, to be sorted through the substrate while the impurity is in place. This way you can achieve somersaults by printing and then exposing the eubetrate to an adesuada energy source. The variants that have been de-shifted in relasion are the first invention, they can be applied to the improved printing process, and vice versa. The improved printing process has the potential to increase and improve the present sirsuite board and the manufacture of microsomputer chips.

In addition, like the printing of a marsa, it is within the scope of the present invention to provide other prints or marsas, such as part numbers, ets. It will be expedited by an expert in the field that muses of the prosesos, mentioned above, can be used in combination. The invention of the invention itself leads to the provision of "cases" containing, for example, a complete set of previously printed substrates with desired profiles, as well as any material needed to bridge the weakening of the profile and the joining of material ee ee requires. The process of the invention can be carried out in discrete stages, even in different locations. For example, a set of paper sub-contract can be printed with the required information (profile) by a printer. The assembly can then be sent to a binding binder. The weakening stage can be carried out sub-sequentially by a final user, for example. According to one embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus is produced to produce a laminated three-dimensional object, comprising adapted embossing elements for printing a predetermined profile in each of successive sheets of the substrate, each profile being printed on a sheet of eubetrato with an ink having a valence different from that of the euberate on which it prints; element for rolling successive sheets of the substrate; elements for subjecting laminated sheet, thus printed, to a sunken induction sampo, the inteneity of the sampo of indussion and the nature of the ink in the sheets being such that the salor generated by the ink-induced sorptive on the leaves , cause the sheets to be cut in the areas printed with such ink, thereby defining the object or waste material that surrounds the object.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In the drawings, Figures 1 to 4 describe the production of a laminated object, according to the process of the invention. Figure 1 is a plan view of a first sheet of substrate, which is to be incorporated in the laminated object. Figure 2 is a plan view of a second sheet of the eubover that is going to overlap the sheet of Figure 1; Figure 3 is a plan view of a third sheet of substrate to be superimposed on the sheet of Figure 2; Figure 4 is a plan view of a fourth sheet of eubstrate to be superimposed on the sheet of Figure 3; Figure 5 is a transvereal section, taken along lines IV-IV of Figure 4; Figure 6 to 19 illustrate the produssion of an object, not necessarily laminated, according to the process of the invention; Figure 6 is a persistent vieta of a one-stage embodiment in the production of an object of the invention, while Figure 7 is a lateral elevation of the drawing of Figure 6; Figure 8 is a perspective view of a more related embodiment are the invention, while Figure 9 is a side elevation of the drawing of Figure 8; Figure 10 shows a perspective view of the sheet of Figure 8, after weakening in the profile, and Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view of the sheet in Figure 10; Figure 12 is a perspective view of the sheet of Figure 8, in a different embodiment, while Figure 13 is a view in transvereal section; Figure 14 is a perspective view of a further embodiment of the invention, while Figure 15 is a side elevation of the sheet in Figure 14; Figure 16 is a variation of the drawing of Figure 14, in a perspective view, while Figure 17 is a side elevation; Figure 18 shows a substrate to be used in the process of the invention, which has a honeycomb pattern; Figure 19 shows the substrate of Figure 18, after it has been printed; Figures 20 to 29 illustrate modality of the apparatus to produce the object of the invention; Figure 20 to 22 show one embodiment of such an apparatus, Figure 20 is a perspective view, Figure 21 is a plant vieta and Figure 22 ee a side elevation; Figures 23 to 25 show a second embodiment of such an apparatus, Figure 23 is an isometric view, Figure 24 is a perspective view from above, which omits some of the covers in Figure 23, and Figure 25 shows a lateral elevation of the apparatus in Figure 24; Figure 26 and 27 show a third embodiment of such an apparatus, Figure 26 is a perspective vieta and Figure 27 ee a vieta in lateral elevation; Figures 28 and 29 show one more embodiment of such an apparatus, Figure 29 is a perspective view, partially with separate sections, while Figure 29 is a side elevation, partially with separate sections; Figure 30 shows how a substrate stack can act as a battery; Figure 31 shows three batteries of Figure 30 connected in series; Figure 32 mueetra tree battery of Figure 30 connected in parallel; Figure 33 shows a lateral elevation of an embodiment of the invention; and Figures 34 and 35 show side views in section of a further embodiment.

Having first referred to Figures 1 to 5, Figure 1 shows a sheet of paper 10, in which a profile 20 was printed, attempted to become part of a three-dimensional model 20, pyramid type, illustrated in Figure 5. Apart from the printed profile 20, a line matrix 11 has been printed further on the sheet 10, which divides much of the rest of the sheet 10 into square segments. It will be appreciated that the cut in frames of the sheet 10 along the lines 11, will make possible the easy removal of the waste portions of the sheet 10, which surround the profile 20. Figure 2 shows a second sheet 12, in which was printed a profile 22, which is slightly larger than the profile 20 on the sheet 10. The sheet 12 is also printed with a matrix of lines 13, which divide much of the area of the sheet 12 out of the profile 22, in small squares. The profile 24 on the sheet 14, in Figure 3, is again slightly larger. The matrix of the lines 15 is similar to the matrix of the lines 13 in Figure 2, for exa. Figure 4 allows the sheet 16 to have a printed profile 26 and the matrix of lines 17. Each of the profiles 20, 22, 24 and 26 encloses a gap 18, 19-, 21 and 23, respectively, each hole is successively bigger than the last one. In the lae sae of 12, 14 and 16, the array of lines 13, 15 and 17, respectively, extend into the gaps. .

During fabrication and assembly, the process of the invention, the sheet 12 is laminated on the upper part of the sheet 10, the sheet 14 is laminated on the upper part of the sheet 12 and the sheet 16 is laminated on the upper part. of the sheet 14. The material of manufacture in the bones 18, 19, 21 and 23 and surrounding one of the profiles 20, 22, 24 and 26, is progressively removed sonforme sheet is rolled to the next, for reasons of the destrustive force aplimated to each leaf, that eepara the profile, in each caeo, of the reeto of the leaf. Figure 5 shows the three-dimensional article thus formed. The coefficients of the object in Figure 5 and exaggerate are the end of an illustrative representation. In the prism, a pyramidal object of about 100 mm in height may be comprised of hundreds of sheets of the substrate. Consequently, the profile of each successive sheet will differ from the immediately preceding one by perhaps only a small fraction of a millimeter. Turning now to Figures 6 and 7, the substrate 32 has a profile 34 printed on it. On each side of the profile 34 there are insulating lines 35 and 36. (As an alternative construction, the profile 34 can be replaced by an air line, while the isolation line, 35 and 36, can be replaced by profiles). The profile 34 is of sarbon, while the isolation lines, 35 and 36, are made of ceramic material that retards the flame. It will be understood that the insulation lines, 35 and 36, may, in another embodiment, extend over the surface of the substrate 32, to extend to its edges. It should also be understood that the ceramic material that retards the flame can be insorporated in the sub-layer itself. Returning now to Figures 8 and 9, eubetrato 38, of impregnated material are magne- sium, it has been printed on profile 40, of sarbon, to form the letter "R" in this illustration. The impregnation stage is carried out under a controlled atmophere. Oxygen, or another suitable accelerator, is fed to the eubruct 38 to result in the burning and separation of the profile 40. FIGS. 10 and 11 show how, in this example, the profile 40 removes the entire thickness of the substrate 38, leaving a portion 42. Of course, if the magnesium in the sub-layer 38 is sufficiently reactive, the sub-layer 38 may be consumed completely during the weakening stage. The result of this prosedimiento will be an object sonfigurado in the letter "R". If the substrate 38 in Figures 8 and 9 is paper, for example, and the profile 42 is of sarbon, for example, the attachment of the substrate 38 to a cloth of Induction will weaken the profile 40, so that it can be separated from the substrate 38, but not completely cut through the substrate 38, as shown in Figure 13. In Figures 14 and 15, the substrate 44 is made of suitable organic fibers and profile 46 is printed copper. The fastener 48 is intended to facilitate attachment to an elishatric source. There may be two identical fasteners 48, one on each leg 45 and 47. The power supply to the profile 46 from an electrical source (not shown) can cause heating of the profile 46 and burn the substrate 44 in the profile. This operates in a manner similar to an incandescent light. Figures 16 and 17 are basically the same as Figures 14 and 15, exsept that two fasteners, 48 and 50, are shown and the configuration of the profile 46 is a different one. It will be readily appreciated that the fasteners 48 and 50 will need to be supported by an extension of the substrate 44 or by some other means (not shown). In Figure 18, the substrate 52 is made of a honeycomb structure of fibrous material, with each filled pocket being a non-endur- anized resin. The substrate 18 thus has a plurality of panel elements 54. The substrate 18 is mounted on a heat-setting film base 56, which makes it possible for the subetrato 52 to meet each other < Sapa of the eubetrato, it is desired.

As can be seen from Figure 19, certain of the honeycomb elements 54 have been printed in the configuration of an "R". In this mode, the impurement is achieved by colossalizing the resin in the honeycomb elements. This singling can be enabled at the same time that the unhardened honeycomb elements are separated from the hardening elements, so that the object 58 is produced. It is convenient to join the substrate or52 to other similar eubetrates, this can be achieved by heating the base film 56 Turning now to Figures 20 and 22, the apparatus 60 has a web 62 of paper substrate 64, which is fed under a guide roller 65, to pass under the laser print head 66. In this illustration, profile 67 is printed on a V8 engine block. The sub-stratum 64 carrying the profile 67 (and the lines of frames for the waste material, not shown) passes under magnetronee 68, which generates energetic microwave energy to excite the profile 67 and the lines cut into squares (not shown); so that the profile 67 is separated from the waste portion of the substrate 64. The profile 67 is then laminated or joined to the stack on the table 71 (which may be raised or lowered, according to the requirements). The return of the band 62, since the profile 67 and the scatter material (not shown) has been The roller 72e 74, 74, help to sonicate the web 62. Turning now to Figures 23 to 25, in this embodiment, instead of a substrate web, a stack of substrates 76 is supported by the table 77. As the sheet of the sub-stratum 76 is removed from the stack, it is removed (by means of not shown) under the impression 78 and the roller 80 and between the guide rollers 81 and 82. Although the means of removing the substrate 76 from the stack are not shown, it can be mentioned that such means are the heat, the air flow and the gravity cycle, and the stack is vertical. In this embodiment, the substrate 76 is paper, which has an aluminum oxide layer, for example, and an insulating material for insulating the substrate sheet from the stack. The insulating layer can be heat-shrink plastis, for example. The mee 77 is elevated by the stack of the eubover 76. Each substrate 76, after printing with the profile 84, passes under microwave or an induction field chamber 86, in which a permanent wave is adjusted by a magnetron or other suitable source 88. The profile 84 is thus excited and the sub-layer 76 is made to weaken in the profile, producing, in this case, a layer for the engine block V8. The layer is attached to layers previously obtained on the meea 89, which is lowered progressively as the block is formed. The covers 90 and 91, in Figure 23, have been omitted in Figures 25 and 25 for purposes of clarity. Turning now to Figures 26 and 27 ', they illustrate the apparatus of the invention which makes printing on liquid possible. Consequently, the substrate 92 is a liquid sap, such as a resin that can be satallized. A profile 94 is printed on the surface of the satanizing resin by the bubble jet print 96. The orientation of the impregnation head 96 is adjustable along the track 98. As a profile 94 is printed, the resin is also enduresed. The printed substrate 92 is then removed through the stack 99 supported on the table 100, where the substrate 92 is joined (eg, by exposure to light) to the sub-acute stack. The mee 100 ee sinks accordingly into the liquid of the sual the subetrato 92 forms part, before enduring. Turning now to FIGS. 28 and 29, the entire apparatus of the invention is shown in a satodisoe ray tube 102. The apparatus is similar to that in FIG. 23 to 25, which instead of the chamber 86 and the source energy 88, the profile is emitted by the electronic bombardment, the electrons being controlled in a desired pattern, to re-erode in the energetic weakening 76 on profile 84. This profile 84 can be activated by pixel (image element). Turning now to Fig. 30 to 32, in Fig. 30 doe eubetratoe, 103 and 104, ee mueetran and a profile 106. Todoe are submerged in a bath of electrolysis material 107 to form a battery 108. Three of these batteries are shown in Figure 31 and three of them are shown connected in parallel in Figure 32. Shown in Figure 33 is a stack of substrates 110 (paper), in some of which an envelope profile 112 has been printed ( in this saso, resembling a sabeza). The riser stack 110 is immersed in an elestroforming bath 114. The sampled 116 is inserted as shown, to be counted the profile 112. By shaking the sirsuite, the weakening of the eauxtrates 110 in the profile 112 can be overcome. Other additives or soaking agents can be added to the bath 14 or the substrates 110, if desired Turning now to Figures 34 and 35, the substrate 118, having on its back an insulating (and opsionally, heat-sealing) sheet 120, bears a profile 122, the sual having its matting conditions are relative to the light. The laser source 124 directs a beam in the profile 122, perpendicular to the substrate 118. Due to the contour of the profile 122, the laser beam has an irregular penetration through this profile 122 within the substrate 118. As can be seen from Figure 35, the result is an outward reflection of the substrate 118. As will be appreciated from the foregoing , this invention includes burning or other destruction of the profile, by weakening the substrate.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the e eection of the e eumber, printed material and energy source, will make it possible to obtain a vast number of techniques to be used in the process of the invention, insofar as it remains within the spirit of the invention. Furthermore, using at least some embodiments of this invention, it is possible to produce rapid, low-cost prototype apparatus, which has a low cost of consumable products and which is capable of generating much larger models than those currently possible. In addition, models can be produced more quickly and require less preparation to be usable.

Claims (112)

1. An improved process for the fabrication of objects, the sual means to print, on at least one piece of the sub-stratum, a profile with desired transvereal effect, and to apply sufficient energy to the printed profile to cause the printed substrate to weaken in the profile .

2. An improved process for the manufacture of objects, which is to print, on at least one piece of substrate, a profile is desired cross section, and energize the printed profile euphoriantly to ensure that the or each printed substrate is weakened in the profile.

3. An improved process for the manufacture of laminated objects, which includes the steps of: a) printing, on at least one piece of the substrate, a profile with desired cross section; b) join the impregnated sub-stratum with at least another eubetrato, to form a stack; and c) apply euphoric energy to the impree profile, to assure that the impregnated sub-stratum sadae weakens in the profile.

4. The process claimed in claim 3, wherein the applied energy interacts with the sub-stratum or the profile, to effect the weakening.

5. The process claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the substrate is separated from the group containing woven materials, non-woven materials, cellulose materials and organic fibers.

6. The process claimed in claim 5, in which the subetrato is or are paper.

7. The projection reslamed in claims 1 or 2, in which the sub-layer comprises a sapa eensilla of material, selected from the group consisting of coal, metal, fragments of eylium and grid construssion material.

8. The proseo reslamado in claim 3, in which the eubetrate insorporates shape material, or this veneer material is inserted between the layers of the subetrato within the pile.

9. The procedure claimed in claim 3, in which it is included in the stack of the plastics euberato or heat-shrinking material, which has the sapacity of providing insulation, reinforcement, electrons diffusion, electrolyte re-appointment, flame retardation or flame assurance.

10. The procedure claimed in claim 3, in which the profile is coal, some or all of the subetratoe in the pile include or comprise magnesium dioxide, and energy is applied to the profile by the immersion of the pile in ammonium chloride, to form a cell of Leclanshe, and then astivar this selda.

11. The process claimed in claim 3, in which the profile is copper, some or all of the substrates in the stack include or comprise zinc and the energy is applied to the profile by immersion of the cell in sulfuric acid, to form a cell of Leclanche, and then astivate this cell.

12. The process claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, in which the ions in a location or component in the substrate, can be transferred to another location or somponent.

13. The resossed proverb in claim 3, in which each subetrato comprises a photosensitive film or paper and the profile in a subectate sada is formed by exposure to light.

14. The process claimed in claim 3, wherein one or more of the substrates is sprayed, sprinkled, vacuum deposited or as part of the printing step.

15. The process claimed in claim 1, wherein the substrate is a line or a contour.

16. The resossed phrase in claim 3, in which one or more of the substrates is of a different color from another or all the other substrates.

17. The process recited in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein part of one or more subemployees is of a first solder, while the remainder is of a second solor.

18. The process claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, wherein part of the surface of a sub-layer is colored in a first color, while the rest of the surface is colored in a second color.

19. The process claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, in which the impregnation step leads to tasting the injection into the eubetrat by a syringe, or by offset printing, xerography or bubble jet printing.

20. The process claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, wherein, prior to printing, a thermosetting plasticizable element is applied to the substrate and wherein the substrate is printed by applying electrically conductive particles, magnetic particles or electrostatically charged particles, to the substrate, the euberato impreeo eiendo united eubeesuentemente to other eubstratos by the application of heat.

21. The process claimed in claim 3, in which a sirsuite board is inserted in the stack.

22. The resossed phrase in any of claims 1 to 3, in which this one or more substrates are printed with magnetic carrier balls, fixed by toner (toner), to form the profile and, during the energy limitation, the balls are protruded at a sufficiently high temperature to weaken the subetrato in the profile.

23. The process claimed in claim 22, wherein the carrier balls are recovered and recycled after the substrate has weakened in the profile. 24. The process claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, in which the sub-stratum is electrically twisted, the printing stage includes the application of a toner electrically charged to the sub-stratum, and the

Energy aplimated to the printed profile includes alteration of the elstrisa load in the profile.

25. The resounded process in claim 1, in which the substrate is a so-tion of liquid and is printed by depositing the profile on the euperfisie of the liquid.

26. The process claimed in claim 3, in which the substrates are resuspended with a thermoreactive adhesive and joined by the application of a hot roller.

27. The prosheo reslamado in the reivindisasión 3, in which the subetratos are united by an electrostatic force or by friction.

28. The process claimed in claim 3, wherein the thermosensitive foils adapted to melt upon application of heat are interspersed with the substrates and this is ebused by the application of sufficient heat to cause the foils to melt.

29. The procedure claimed in claim 3, in which part of the stack selectively joins.

30. The process claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, wherein, during the printing stage, a material selessionado the following group ee deposits on the substrate: a solid, liquid, gel or gassing material.

31. The proseo reslamado in claim 30, in which the deposited material is selected from the group comprising: ink or toner sapaz of the astivasión magnetically, eléstrisamente, chemically, by sound, by light (vietable, infrared and / or ultraviolet), irradiation, change of temperature, microwave, X-ray or electromagnetic vibration.

32. The resounded process in claim 30, in which the deposited material is separated from the group comprising electroformed ink, meshes, mortar, colloids, aggregates, polymers, monomers, plastics, metals, alloys, ceramics, magnetic particles, enzymes, proteins, impurities agents, organic materials, biological materials, resins, dielectric materials, metallic ink or reflective ink.

33. The procedure claimed in claim 30, in which the deposited material is selected from the group comprising particles that are photoless, photovoltaic, photoemieorae, luminent or radioactive.

34. The process claimed in claim 30, in which the deposited material is selected from the group that suffers a phenylamine polymer, substituted by amino conjugate, super-cooled helium and ink comprising crystal of suarzo.

35. The process resigated in claiming depends on the claim 3, in which the deposited material contains glass mixtures adapted to cause the electrical discharge from one profile in a sub-stratum to a profile in another substrate, in the energy limitation.

36. The resossed phrase in claim 30, in which the deposited material includes iron, and selected areas of the profile are treated to form iron in those areas within an alloy.

37. The process claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the profile is formed of a semicondustor or a plastiso elestro-sondustivo.

38. The process reslay in any of the claims 1 to 3, in which the sub-layer is made up of a polyethylene is contaminated by suitable impurities and the profile is printed by the removal of the polyacetylene from the sub-stratum, leaving molesulae of the impurezae to form the profile.

39. The procedure claimed in claim 25, wherein the liquid layer, which bears the profile, It is transported to a location on a stack of similar layers.

40. The process claimed in claim 25 or 39, in which the reservoir of the profile on the surface of the liquid flows which is sure or hardened liquid in the profile.

41. The proseoration recited in any of claims 1 to 3, in which the impression is effected is the material selected from the group comprising: cells, mitochondria, DNA, viruses, bacteria, larvae, parasites, chromosomes, leusositos and sperm.

42. The process claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the printing is performed with living organisms.

43. The process claimed in claim 41, in which the material contains fetal cells.

44. The process resigned in any of the claims 41 or 43, in which the impregnation material is adapted to use the sub-stratum or profile as food for a colony to be formed, in order to weaken the sub-stratum in the profile.

45. The process claimed in claim 3, wherein the substrates contain openings in a pattern By default, the printed profile is processed by a satodo and the printing and joining steps are combined with the profile deposited by the printing, moving through the openings in the stack.

46. The process claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, in which the substrate is printed with a material selected from the group consisting of electroshape ink, which are shapable particles, organic blankets, inorganic compounds, mixtures of organic solids and inorganic materials, photodegradable material, photo-fuel material, electro-fuel material, welding material, electro-welding material, material elestrosinterizador, material piroeléstriso, material photo-material, foto-eintetizador material and material that adapts to astuar somo a lens.

47. The resossed phrase in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the impree profile is adapted to act as an anode or a cathode.

48. The process claimed in claim 47, in which the energy is applied in the form of electrolysis, to effect the deposition of material in the profile, to weaken the substrate in this profile.

49. The reshotled phrase in any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the impurity is effected by masking a portion of the substrate, the unmasked portion comprises the printed profile.

50. The claimed process in any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the printing is effected by masking a portion of the substrate, this masked portion comprises the printed profile.

51. The process claimed in claim 49 or 50, in which the mask is adapted to act as a filter.

52. The process recited in claim 3, in which the joining subetratoe form a stack that is permeable to gae and the weakening step is effected by the deposit, which carries gas, of material on the printed profile.

53. The process claimed in claim 3, wherein the bonding substrates form a stack, which is permeable to the liquid, and the weakening step is effected by the deposit, which carries liquid, of the material on the impree profile.

54. The process claimed in any of Claims 1 to 3, in which the energy applied to the The printed profile is supplied by a selessionate source of the group that appears: electromagnetic radiation, microwave, radio wave, an alternating current, a direct current, light, thermal energy and chemical product.

55. The process claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the profile is printed by the current of an electron beam in the substrate.

56. The process claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the energy aplimated to the printed profile is supplied by the sorriente of an elastronee beam in the impure profile.

57. The prosheo reslamado in the reivindisasión 56, in which the subetrato takes a grid of points sensitive to the energy.

58. The prosheo reslamado in any of the reivindisasiones 1 to 3, in which the profile is printed and the energy is supplied to weaken this profile by a beam of heterles, performing both stages simultaneously.

59. The claimed process in any of the claims 1 to 3, in which the profile is printed by a toner or ink, capable of carrying an electric current-, and the energy is supplied by an electric current applied to the profile.

60. The process claimed in claim 59, wherein the toner or ink contains aluminum.

61. The process claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, in which the profile is electrically grounded.

62. The claimed process in any of claims 1 or 2, wherein the substrate is printed by one or more streams of electron beams on this substrate in a vacuum environment.

63. The process claimed in claim 62, wherein the printing and weakening steps are carried out together by means of the electron beam stream in the sub-layer.

64. The procedure claimed in claim 62 or 63, wherein the eubetrate is placed outside the vacuum environment.

65. The process claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the profile is a sensitive light and the subetrato weakens in the profile by exposing the profile to light eeta.

66. An improved process for the manufacture of laminated objects, which includes the steps of: a) printing, at least a piece of the substrate, a profile is a traneversal view from a first substrate; b) print on at least one other substrate, a profile is another tranevereal session deeeed from a second subetrato, capable of reacting are the first eubetansia, to re-launch in a sombuetión or expléión; c) cause or allow the first substance to make contact with the second substance; and d) allow the combustion or explosion to occur, or to activate this combustion or explosion by a catalyst or detonator, causing aees to weaken in the profile.

67. An improved process for the manufacture of laminated objects, which includes the steps of: a) printing, on at least one other substrate, a profile with more desired cross section, from a second substrate, sapaz to reassure are the first subetansia, to result in a sombustión or an explosion; b) superimpose the subetrato are an impregnated sheet are a second subtansia sapaz to resurface are the first subetancy, to reeumniate in a sombustión or an explosion; c) cause or allow the first substance to make contact with the second substance; and d) allow the combustion or explosion to occur, or activate this combustion or explosion by a catalyst or detonator, thereby causing the eubstrate to weaken in the profile.

68. The process claimed in claim 3, wherein the joining step is carried out before or after the printing stage.

69. The process claimed in any of the claims 1 to 3, in which the substrate is weaker in the profile effectively.

70. The prosheo reslamado in the reivindisasión 6, in which the energy is provided at different levels or-by different modes of delivery, to effect the selective weakening.

71. The process claimed in claim 49 or 50, in which the enmassarada porsión also astute as an insulator.

72. The process claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the or each subetrato has Two opposing sides and one or more eubetrate are printed on opposite sides.

73. The process claimed in claim 72, wherein the weakening occurs on both opposite sides.

74. The process claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, in which the or each substrate is a carbon fiber sheet, the profile is printed in magnesium in an oxygen-free or oxygen-depleted atmosphere, and the oxygen is fed to this or each profile.

75. The process recited in any of claims 1 to 3, in which additional material is added to the object during fabrication.

76. The process claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, in which additional material is added to the object during the weakening stage.

77. The process claimed in claim 3, in which, during or after the manufacture, the object is subject to sompastar.

78. The process claimed in claim 77, in which the object is formed are lines of weakness force in the interior, to assist the sompassion.

79. The process claimed in claims 77 or 78, in which the object is totally or predominantly cellulose.

80. The process claimed in claim 3, wherein the object has a cavity, fine particulate material is inserted into the cavity and pressure is applied to force at least some of the particulate material within the object.

81. The process claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the printed profile is of a first and second type, the first type has an electronic charge different from that of the second type.

82. The process claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the substrate is formed as part of the printing step.

83. The procedure claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, wherein a plurality of impreeorae produce the or each impree profile.

84. The process claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, wherein sprues or channels are formed in the object, during or after manufacture.

85. The resossed phrase in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the object contains one or more convective trajectories elastically.

86. The prosheo reslamado in any of the reivindisasiones 1 to 3, in which the object are one or more passages elestromesánisos.

87. The process claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, in which the substrate is paper, which has low microwave loss characteristics, the profile comprises a narrow and thin film, adapted to be affected by microwaves, exhibiting high losses of Microwave and energetic microwave energy is applied to weaken the substrate in the profile.

88. An improved printing process, comprising printing (as defined herein) on a substrate and treating this process to form a mark (as defined herein).

89. The process claimed in claim 3, in which the ceramic material that retards the flame is incorporated into the eubruct or is added to the substrate and the profile is printed with sarbon.

90. The process recounted in claim 3, in which the substrate is a sheet of material impregnated with magnesium, the profile is printed on carbon under a controlled atmosphere and the energy takes the form of oxygen.

91. The process claimed in claim 3, in which the profile is printed carbon and the energy takes the form of an induction field.

92. The process claimed in claim 3, in which the substrate is obtained from organic fibers, the profile is printed on copper and the energy takes the form of an electric current.

93. The process claimed in claim 3, wherein the substrate contains a plurality of cavities filled with an unhardened resin, and the printing takes place by hardening the resin in selected cavities.

94. The process claimed in claim 3, in which the profile is oversized with pixels (picture elements) and the energy is provided by the bombardment of stars.

95. The process claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, in which the object is treated to form a two-dimensional or three-dimensional pattern on a surface of the object.

96. The processed claimed in claim 49, wherein the destruction of the printed profile is adapted to generate light of sufficient intensity to weaken the substrate.

97. The process claimed in claim 3, subetansially as deferred in the preamble, is reference to Figures 5 or 6 and 7 or 8 to 11 or l2 13 or 14 and 15 or 16 and 17 or 18 and 19 or 20 a 22 or 23 to 25 or 26 and 27 or 28 and 29 or 30 to 32 or 34 and 35, of the accompanying drawings.

98. An object obtained by the process of any of claims 1 to 96.

99. A laminated object obtained by the process of claim 3.

100. A printed substrate obtained in the process of claim 88.

101. Apparatus for producing an object, this apparatus includes printing elements, for printing, on at least one subetrato, a profile with desired transversal effect, and an element that generates energy, to aply enough energy to the printed profile, to cause the substrate to weaken in the profile.

102. Apparatus for producing a laminated object, this apparatus includes a printing element, for print, on at least some of a number of pieces of a subetrato, a profile with the desired traneversal effect, a joining element, to join the substrate and an element that generates energy, to aply enough energy to the printed profile, to know that each substrate weakens in the profile.

103. Apparatus, as claimed in claims 101 or 102, in which the printing element is a photoscope or a printer, in each case connected to a computer, capable of instructing the photocopier or the printer to print the predetermined profile.

104. Apparatus, as claimed in claim 101 or 102, in which the energy generating element somersates a laser.

105. Apparatus for producing a laminated three-dimensional object, which includes: a) a printing element, adapted to print a predetermined profile on each successive sheet of the substrate, each profile is printed on a substrate sheet with an ink having a different valence from that one of the substrate on which it will be printed; b) an element for lamination of successive sheets of the substrate; c) an element for subjecting each laminated sheet, thus printed, to a folding induction field, the intensity of this field of induction and the nature of the ink on the sheets being such that the salor generated by the indurated inductor in the ink on the leaves, sausa that these leaves are sortadas in the printed areas are such ink, thus defining the object or the material of scatter that surrounds the object.

106. Apparatus, as claimed in any of claims 101, 102 or 105, which has a plurality of printing elements.

107. Apparatus, substantially as disclosed herein, refers to Figures 20 to 22 or 23 a 25 or 26 and 27 or 28 and 29, of the accompanying drawing.

108. The claimed process in any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the subelement multiples ee.

109. The proseo reslamado in the vindication 68, in which the impreeion is carried out with living organisms. 110. The procedure claimed in any of the claims 1 to 3, in which the profile is sown with

Crietalee and the eubstrate is provided within a bath of a crystal smelting eolusion, so that this profile grows and weakens in the subetrato.

111. The prosecution claimed in claim 3, in which the profile is printed on an electrically sound metal, the cell is immersed in an electroshaping bath and an electrical current is applied to this profile.

112. The process claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, in which the eubetrate is printed with an e-selected material from the group that contains a destructive agent, a hormone and a gene cutter.