MXPA99003789A - Copper alloy and process for obtaining same - Google Patents

Abstract

A copper base alloy consisting essentially of tin in an amount from about 1.0 to 11.0%by weight, phosphorous in an amount from about 0.01 to 0.35%by weight, iron in an amount from about 0.01 to about 0.8%by weight, optionally up to 15 wt.%zinc, and the balance essentially copper, including phosphide particles uniformly distributed throughout the matrix, is described. The alloy is characterized by an excellent combination of physical properties. The process of forming the copper base alloy described herein includes casting, homogenizing, rolling, process annealing and stress relief annealing.

Description

DB COPPER ALLOY AND PROCEDURE TO OBTAIN THE SAME BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to copper-based alloys having utility in electrical applications and to a process for producing such copper-based alloys. There are a number of copper-based alloys that are used in connector applications. , connectivity and other electrical appliances, due to its special properties that are well suited for these applications. Despite the existence of these alloys, there is a need for copper-based alloys that can be used in applications that require a high elastic limit of the order of 80 to 150 KSI, together with good propies to the trainers that allow flexes to be made in bad conditions at 180 ° with an R / T ratio of 1 or less, plus low tension relaxation at high temperatures and freedom from cracking by stress corrosion. The alloy is currently available do not meet all these requirements or have high costs that make them less economical in the market or have other significant disadvantages. It is highly desirable to develop a copper-based alloy that satisfies the above objectives. Copperium bromide generally has high strength and conductivity along with good relaxation or tension characteristics; however, these materials are limited in their training capacity. One limitation is "the difficulty with flexions in bad 180 ° collisions, they are also very expensive and therefore require an extra heat treatment after the preparation of a desired part." Naturally, this increases the cost more. The gold-br eleven materials are inexpensive alloys with good tension and excellent forming properties.They are widely used in electronic and telecommunication industries.However, they tend to be undesirable since they require very high current conduction. under conditions of very high temperature, for example, under conditions found in automotive applications to be used under-cover.This combines with its high relaxation speed to thermal stress makes these materials are less suitable for many applications. High conductivity alloys, with a high copper content, also have many desirable properties, but generally do not have the desired mechanical strength for many applications. One of these typical alloys includes, but is not limited to, copper alloy 110, 122, 192 and 194. The representative patent of the prior art includes US Patents 4,666,667, 4,627,960, 2,062,427, 4,605,532, 4,586,967"" 4,822,562. Accordingly, it is highly desirable to develop copper-based alloys having a combination of desirable properties making them eminently suitable for many applications. " BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, it has been found that the above objective is easily obtained. The copper-based alloy according to the present invention consists essentially of tin in an amount from about 1.0 to 11.0%, phosphorus in an amount from about 0.01 to 0.35%, preferably from about 0.01% to 0.1Ó, iron in an amount from about 0.01% to 0.8% of preference from about 0.05% to 0.25%, and the rest essentially copper. It is particularly advantageous to include nickel and / or cobalt in an amount of up to about 0.5% each, preferably in an amount from 0.001% to about 0.5% each. The alloy according to the present invention can also include zinc in an amount from 0.1 to 15%, lead in an amount up to 0.05%, and up to 0.1% each of aluminum, silver boron, beryllium, calcium, chromium, indium , lithium, magnesium, manganese, lead, silicon, antimony, titanium and zirconium. In one embodiment of the present invention, the copper-based alloy may include zinc in an amount from approximately 9.0% to 15.0%. It is desirable and advantageous in the alloy of the present invention to provide iron and / or nickel and / or magnesium phosphide particles or a combination thereof, uniformly distributed throughout the matrix since these particles serve to increase the characteristics of resistance, conductivity- and relaxation by tension of the alloy. The phosphide particles may have a particle size of 50 Angstroms - to 5 approximately 0.5 microns and may include a finer component and a thicker component. The most component. The fine particle size may have a particle size on the scale of approximately 50 to 250 Angstroms, preferably about 50 to 200 Angstroms. The thicker component may have a particle size generally of 0.075 to 0.5 microns, more preferably 0.075 to 0.125 microns. - The percentage scales through this The applications are "weight per weight" The alloyed elements of the present invention exhibit a variety of excellent properties making them eminently suitable for use as connectors, connectors frames, springs and other electrical applications. The alloys must have an excellent and unusual combination of mechanical strength, formability, thermal and electrical conductivity and tension relaxation properties.

The process of the present invention comprises: casting a copper-based alloy having a above-mentioned composition, homogenizing at least once for at least two hours at temperatures of about 538 to 788 ° C; winding to a finishing gauge including at least one annealing process for at least one hour at 343 to 649 ° C; optionally cool slowly from 11 to 111 ° C per hour; and annealing by stress relief for at least one hour at a temperature on a scale of 149 to 316 ° C, thereby obtaining a copper alloy including phosphorus particles evenly distributed throughout the matrix. Nickel and / or cobalt can be included in the alloy previously presented.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED MODALITIES The alloys of the present invention are modified phosphorus or phosphorus alloys. They are characterized by higher strengths, better forming properties, high conductivity and tensile relaxation properties that represent a significant improvement over the same properties of phosphorus-bronze "or modi fi ed.

The phosphorus-bronze alloys modified according to one embodiment of the present invention include those copper-based alloys consisting essentially of tin in an amount of approximately 1.5 to 11%, phosphorus in an amount of about 0.01 to 0.35. %, preferably about 0.01 to 0.1%, iron in an amount of about 0.01 to 0.8%, preferably about 0.05 to 0.25% and the remainder being essentially copper. These alloys will typically have phosphorus particles uniformly distributed throughout the matrix. These alloys "may also include nickel and / or cobalt in an amount of up to about 0.5% each, preferably about 0.001 to 0.5% of one or combinations of both, zinc in an amount up to about 0.3% maximum and lead in an amount of up to about 0.05% maximum, and includes one or more of the following elements in the alloy combination: aluminum, silver, boron, beryllium, calcium, chromium, indium, lithium, magnesium, manganese, lead, silicon, antimony, titanium and zirconium, these materials can be included in quantities less than 0.01%, generally each in excess The use of one or more of these materials improves the mechanical properties such as the properties of relaxation by tension, however, larger quantities can affect the conductivity and prop 1-ededness of formation The aforementioned addition of phosphorus allows that the material remains deoxidized making it possible to strain the resistant metal within the limits established for phosphorus, and with the heat treatment of the alloys, the phosphorus forms a phosphide with iron and / or iron and nickel and / or iron and magnesium, and / or a combination of these elements, if present, that significantly reduce the conductivity loss that could result if these materials were completely in solid solution in the matrix. It is particularly desirable to provide iron phosphide particles evenly distributed throughout the matrix. matrix since these help to improve the properties of relaxation by tension blocking the movement of dislocation The iron in the scale from 0 01 to 0 8% and particularly from 0 05 to 0 25% increases the resistance of the alloys, promotes a structure of fine grain acting as an inhibitor of grain growth and in combination with phosphorus this scale helps to improve the properties of relaxation by tension without negatively affecting the electrical and thermal conductivities. Nickel and / or cobalt in an amount of about 0.001 to 0.5% each are desirable additives since they improve the relaxation properties by stress and resistance by refining the grain and through the distribution in the matrix, with a positive effect on the Conductivity The process for making these alloys includes casting an alloy having a composition mentioned above. Any suitable casting technique known in the art such as horizontal continuous casting can be used to form a strip having a thickness in the range of about 1.27 to 1,905 cm. The processing includes at least one homogenization for at least two hours, and preferably a period in the range of 2 to 24 hours, at approximately temperatures in the range of about 538 to 788 ° C. At least one step of homogenization can be conducted after the winding step. After J. a homogenization, the strip can be ground once or twice to remove from about 0.050 to 0.254 cm. of the material of each face. The material is then melted to a final gauge, including at least one annealing process of 343 to 649 ° C for at least one hour and preferably for about 1 to 24 hours, followed by the slow cooling of room temperature. from 11.1 to 111 ° C per hour. The material is then recovered in tension relief to a final gauge at a temperature in the range of 149 to 316 ° C for at least 1 hour and preferably during a period in the range of about 1 to 20 hours. This advantageously improves the forming capacity and the stress relaxation properties. The heat treatments advantageously and very desirably provide the alloys of the present invention with iron and / or nickel and / or magnesium phosphide particles or a combination thereof uniformly distributed through the matrix Phosphide particles increase the strength, conductivity and stress relaxation characteristics of the alloys. The phosphide particles can have a size of particle from about 50 Angstroms to about 0.5 microns and may include a more f-component and thicker components. The finer component may have a particle size of about 50 to 250 Angstroms, preferably about 50 to 200 Angstroms. The thicker component may have a particle size generally of 0.075 to 0.5 microns, most preferably 0.075 to 0.125 microns. The alloys formed according to the process of the present invention and having the aforementioned compositions are capable of achieving an electrical conductivity of about 12 to 35% IACS. The above coupled with the desired metallurgical structure should give the alloys with a high tensile holding capacity, for example about 60% at 150 ° C, after 1000 hours with a tension equal to 75% of their elastic limit in parallel cut samples to the winding direction, and make these alloys very suitable for a wide variety of applications that require high tensile holding capacities. In addition, the alloys herein do not require additional treatment through stampers.

The alloys of the present invention can be designed to provide a desired group of properties by varying the tin content of the alloys, while maintaining the other constituents within the aforementioned scales and processing the alloy in the manner described above. The following table shows the properties that can be obtained for different tin contents TABLE I Elastic Limit Resistance Content Tin (% / p) Stress (kg / cm2) Deviation to 0.2% lo. , - (a / cm2) 1 9 - 1 1 9150 - 10559 8799 - 1020-7 2 7 - 9 8447 - 9855 8095 - 9502 3 5 - 7 7743 - 9150 7391 - 8799 4 3 - 5 7039 - 8447 6687 -. 8095" 1. 5 - 3 6335 - 7743 5983 - 7391 The alloys according to the present invention are also capable of obtaining a very desired group of mechanical and forming properties, also by varying the tin content of the alloy, while maintaining the other constituents within the scales above. mentioned and processing the alloy as described above. The following table illustrates the types of properties that can be obtained.

TABLE II Tin Resistance to Limit% Ratio of (% / p) Elastic Stress of Achura Elongation at (kg / cm2) Thickness Deviation of 0.2% (kg / cm2) Bending under bad conditions at 180 ° up to 10: 1 7743 9150 7391 8799 5 - 10 Ratio of radius to thickness = 1 - . 5 - 7 7039 9150 6757 - 8165 10 _, Ratio of radius thickness = 1 3 - . 3 - 5 6476 7884 6194 7602 10 Ratio of radius thickness = 1 1. 5 5983 7391 5631 - 7039 10 Ratio of radius thickness = 1 As can be seen. from the above tables, the alloys according to the present invention not only have higher strengths, but also have particularly desirable combinations of strength and capacity deformation. The properties are such that the alloys of the present invention can replace alloys such as berium-copper and copper alloys with nickel / silicon, for example CDA 7025 and TO 2 6 with many applications. This is particularly useful for connector manufacturers, since the alloys of the present invention cost less than the alloys they can replace. Yet another embodiment of a modified phosphor-r eleven according to the present invention comprises a copper-based alloy consisting essentially of tin in an amount of about 1.0 to 4.0%, zinc in an amount of about 9.0 to 15.0%. , phosphorus in an amount of about 0.01 to 0.2%, iron in an amount of about 0.01 to 0.8%, nickel and / or cobalt in an amount of about 0.001 to 0.5%, and the remainder essentially being copper. The aforementioned forum addition alloys allow the metal to remain deoxidized making it possible to cast the metal within the established limits for phosphorus, and "with the heat treatment of the alloy, phosphorus forms a phosphide with iron and / or nickel and / or iron and magnesium or a combination of these elements, if present, which significantly reduces the loss of conductivity that could result if these materials were completely solid in sol-ution in the matrix. It is particularly desirable to provide uni fi ed iron phosphide particles distributed through the matrix and this helps to improve the tensile relaxation properties by blocking dislocation movement. In iron in the range of 0.01 to 0.8% increases the strength of the alloys, promotes a fine grain structure acting as a grain growth inhibitor and in combination with phosphorus in this scale helps to improve the properties of relaxation by tension without adversely affect the electrical and thermal conductivities. The zinc in an amount of 9.0 to 15.0% helps to deoxidize the metal, it helps that the castings have sound without using excessive phosphorus that can damage the conductivities. Zinc also helps keep metal oxide free for good adhesion in electrodeposition and increases resistance.

Nickel and / or cobalt in an amount of about 0.001 to 0.5% each are desirable additives since they improve the properties of relaxation by stress and strength by refining grain and through distribution in the matrix, with a positive effect in conductivity. One or more of the following elements may be included in the alloy combination: aluminum, silver, boron, beryllium, calcium, chromium, cobalt, indium, lithium, magnesium, manganese, zirconium, lead, silicon, antimony and titanium. These materials can be included in amounts less than 0.1%, each generally in excess of 0.001. each. The use of one or more of these materials improves the mechanical properties such as the stress relaxation properties, however, larger amounts can affect the conductivity and formation properties. This alloy or alternative can be processed using the prior art described above. Using this technique, the alloy is able to obtain the following properties: a tensile strength in the range of 6335 to 7390 kg / cm2, an elastic limit to a deviation of 0.2% in the scale of 5983 to 7039 kg / cm2, an elongation on the scale of 5 to 10%, and flexural properties for a bending in bad conditions at 180 ° (width ratio: thickness up to 10: 1) of radius ratio: thickness equal to 1. The alloy is also characterized by the presence of the aforesaid phosphide particles uniformly distributed throughout the matrix. Still other alloys according to the present invention and a third embodiment include tin of 2.5-4%, phosphorus of 0.01-0.201, "iron of 0.05-0.80%, zinc of 0.3-5%, and the remainder being that copper, With phosphide particles uniformly distributed throughout the matrix, these alloys of the present invention have an elastic limit at a deviation of 0.2% from 5631 to 7039 kg / cm2 together with the ability of the alloys to do push-ups in poor conditions at 180 ° C. In addition, the alloys achieve an electrical conductivity of approximately 30% IACS or better, which makes the alloys suitable for high current applications. a good thermal conductivity of 0.310 CALORIAS / CM2 / CM / SEG / ° C and a metallurgical structure that gives the alloys the high tensile holding capacity, for example over 60% at 150 ° C, after 1000 hours with a tension equal to 75% of its elastic limit, in samples cut parallel to the winding direction, makes these alloys very suitable for high temperature conditions under the cover of a car as well as other applications that require the. combination of high conductivity and high tension retention capabilities. In addition, the alloys of the present do not require additional treatment by stampers and are relatively inexpensive. A variation of this third mode alloy may include tin in an amount greater than 2.5% and up to 4.0%, the phosphorus being present in an amount of 0.01 to 0.2% and in particular 0.01 to 0.05%. 'The phosphorus allows the metal to remain deoxidized making it possible for the resistant metal to be cast within the established limits for the phosphorus, and with the heat treatment of the phosphorus of alloys it forms a phosphide with iron and / or or iron and nickel, and / or iron and magnesium or combinations of these elements, if present, that significantly reduce the loss of conductivity that could result if these materials were completely solid in the solution of the matrix. It is particularly desirable to provide iron phosphide particles evenly distributed throughout the matrix, since these help to improve the tensile relaxation properties by blocking dislocation movement. The iron can be added to the alloy of the third modality in the range of 0.05 to 0.8% and in particular of 0.05 to 0.25%, and increases the resistance -of the alloys, "promotes a fine grain structure acting as an inhibitor of Grain growth and in combination with "phosphorus on this scale helps to improve the properties of relaxation by tension without negatively affecting the electrical and thermal conductivity. Zinc can be added to the alloy of the third mode on the scale of 0.3- to 5.0% and helps deoxidize the metal, helping the castings to be resistant without the use of excessive phosphorus that can damage the conductivities. Zinc also helps keep the metal oxide free for good adhesion in electrodeposition. It is desirable to restrict the limit superior zinc under 5.0% and particularly under 2.5% in order to maintain high conductivities. Zinc in the lower amounts of this scale will obtain even higher conductivities. The nickel and / or cobalt can be added to the alloy of the third embodiment in an amount from 0.001 to 0.5% each, and preferably from 0.01 to 0.3% each, and are desirable additives since they improve the relaxation properties by tension and resistance refining grain and distribution through the matrix, when there is a positive effect on conductivity. Nickel is preferred. One or more of the following elements may be included in the alloy combination: aluminum, silver, boron, beryllium, calcium, chromium, cobalt, indium, lithium, magnesium, manganese, zirconium, lead, silicon, antimony and titanium. These materials may be included in amounts of less than 0.1% each generally in excess of 0.001. each. The use of one or more of these materials improves the mechanical properties such as stress relaxation properties; without However, larger quantities can affect conductivity and formation properties. The process of the present invention includes casting an alloy having a composition as set forth above, and including at least one homogenization of at least one hour, and preferably 2-20 hours, at 538-788. ° C. At least one homogenization step can be conducted after the winding step. The casting process forms a tin-copper compound and the treatment of the mixture breaks the unstable tin-copper compound and places the tin in solution. The material is rolled to a final gauge, including at least one annealing procedure at 343-649 ° C for at least 1 hour and preferably 2-20 hours, followed by slow cooling to room temperature to 11-111 ° C. C per hour. The material is annealed by stress relief to a final gauge at 149-316 ° C for at least one hour, and preferably for 2-16 hours. This sale improves the training capacity and relaxation properties due to tension.

The heat treatments form the desirable particles of iron, or nickel or magnesium phosphides or combinations thereof and uniformly distribute them through the matrix, and help to obtain the improved properties of the alloy of the present invention. The phosphide particles have a particle size of 50 Angstroms to 0.3 mi CJ-as. and generally and advantageously include a finer component and a thicker component. The thinner component has a particle size of 50-250 Angstroms preferably 50-200 Angstroms, and the thickest component has a particle size generally of 0.075 to 0.3 microns and preferably 0.075 to 0.125 mi s. As a fourth alternative embodiment, the present invention contains an alloy containing tin in an amount of 1.0% and up to 4.0%, zinc of 0.1 to less than 1%, and the remainder being essentially copper. The phosphorus- and iron contents are as in the third embodiment, and nickel and / or cobalt can be added as in the third embodiment, with phosphide particles as mentioned above.

The alloy of the above fourth embodiment is processed as in the alloy of the third embodiment and is capable of obtaining an electrical conductivity of approximately 33% IASC or better - which makes the alloy suitable for high current applications. The above combined with a good thermal conductivity of 0.339 CALORIAS / CM2 / CM / SEG / ° C and a metallurgical structure that gives the alloy a high tensile holding capacity over 60% at 150 ° C after 1000 hours with a tension equal to 75% of its elastic limit in samples cut parallel to the winding direction, makes this alloy suitable for high temperature conditions such as the previous alloy. This alloy also forms phosphides as the alloy of the third embodiment. Also, the additional alloying-forming ingredients observed for the alloy of the third embodiment can be used for this alloy. This alloy "is capable of obtaining the following properties: Resistance to Elastic Limit at% Tension Properties Displacement of 0.2% Elongation bending (kg / cm2) (kg / cm2) Bending at bad conditions at 180 ° (Ratio of width: thickness up to 10: 1) 5631 -. 5631 - 7039 - 5631 - "7039 5 - 1 0. Radius ratio: thickness = 1 - As a fifth mode alloy, the present invention includes an alloy containing tin in an amount of 1.0% and up to 4.0%, tin and zinc from 1.0 to 6.0%, and the remainder being essentially copper. The contents of phosphorus and iron are as in the third free mode and nickel and / or cobalt are added in the amount of 0.11 to 0.50% each, and the phosphide particles are present as in the third mode. The alloy of the previous fifth embodiment is processed as in the third embodiment and is capable of obtaining an electrical conductivity of approximately 32% or better, which makes the alloy suitable for high current applications. The above combined with a good thermal conductivity of 0.330 CALORIES / CM2 / CM / SEG / ° C and a metallurgical structure that gives the alloy a high tensile holding capacity over 60% at 150 ° C after 000 000 hours with a tension equal to 75% of its elastic e-1 limit, "in samples cut parallel to the winding direction, makes this alloy suitable for high temperature conditions such as the above alloys. This alloy also forms phosphides as the alloy of the third embodiment. Also, the additional alloying ingredients observed for the alloy of the third embodiment can be used for this alloy. This alloy is able to obtain the following properties: Resistance to Elastic Limit at% Properties of Tension Displacement of 0.2% Elongation bending (kg / cm2) (kg / cm2) Bending under bad conditions at 180 ° (Width ratio: thickness up to 10: 1) 5983 7039 5983 7039 10 Radius ratio: thickness = 1 In an alloy of the sixth embodiment, the present invention includes an alloy containing tin in an amount of 1.0 to 4.0% and zinc of 6.0 to 12.0%, the remainder being essentially copper. The contents of phosphorus and iron are cdm or in the third embodiment and nickel and / or cobalt can be added as in the third embodiment, and the phosphide particles are present as in the third embodiment.

The above alloy is processed as for the third embodiment and is able to obtain an electrical conductivity of approximately 30%, which makes the alloy suitable for high current applications. The above combined with a good conductivity of 0.310 CALORIES / CM2 / CM / SEG / ° C and a metallurgical structure that is capable of giving the alloy a high tension holding capacity of 60% at 150 ° C for 1000 hours with a tension equal to 75% of its elastic limit, in samples cut parallel to the winding direction, makes this alloy suitable for high temperature commissions like the previous alloys. - - "This alloy also forms phosphides as the alloy of the third embodiment.Also, the additional alloy ingredients observed for the alloy of the third embodiment can be used for this alloy.This alloy is able to obtain the following properties: Elastic Limit at% Tension Properties Displacement of 0.2% Elongation bending (kg / cm2) (kg / cm2) Bending under bad conditions at 180 ° (Width ratio: thickness up to 10: 1) 6335 -. 6335 - 7390 5983 - 7039 10 Radius ratio: thickness = 1 As a seventh embodiment alloy, the present invention includes an alloy containing tin in an amount of 1.0% up to 4.0%, zinc of 1.0 to 6.0% and iron of 0.01 to 0.05%, the rest being that copper. The phosphorus content is as in the alloy of the third embodiment and nickel and / or cobalt can be added as in the third embodiment, and the phosphide particles are present as in the third embodiment. The above alloy is processed as in the third embodiment and is capable of obtaining an electrical conductivity of approximately 33%, which makes the alloy suitable for high current applications. The above combined with a good conductivity of 0.339 CALORIES / CM2 / CM / SEG / ° C and a metallurgical structure that is capable of giving the alloy a high tensile holding capacity of 60% at 150 ° C "after 1000 hours with a resistance equal to 75% of its elastic limit, in samples cut parallel to the winding direction, makes this alloy suitable for high temperature conditions such as the previous alloys.

This alloy also forms phosphides as the alloy of the third embodiment. Also, the additional alloying ingredients observed for the alloy of the third embodiment can be used for this alloy. This alloy is capa-z to obtain the following properties: Resistance to Elastic Limit at% Properties of Tension Displacement of 0.2% Elongation bending (kg / cm2) (kg / cm2) Bending at bad conditions at 180 ° (Ratio of width: thickness up to 10: 1) 5631 -. 5631-7039 '5631-7039 5 - 10 Radius ratio: thickness = 1 The present invention will be more readily understood from the consideration of the following examples: EXAMPLE I An alloy having the following composition: tin 2.7%; phosphorus 0.04%; 0.09% iron; zinc 2.2%; nickel 0.12%; the remainder being essentially copper, was installed using a horizontal continuous casting machine in a thickness of 1.57 cm and a width of 38.1 cm. The material was thermally treated at 732.2 ° C (1350 ° F) for 14 hours followed by milling to remove 0.05 cm per side The alloys were then rolled cold at 0 91 cm followed by another heat treatment at 732 2 ° C (1350 ° F) for 12 hours and another milling at 0 05 cm per side to improve the surface quality. The material was then cold rolled in a mill with a height of 2 to 0 305 cm followed by bell annealing at 537 7 ° C (1000 ° F) for 12 hours The materials were then cold processed further and thermally treated at 399 ° C. C and 365 ° C for 8 and 11 hours, respectively, followed by slow cooling, followed by finishing coiling to a final gauge of 0 025 cm. Material samples were finally annealed for tension relief at 218 ° C and 260 ° C during 4 hours, respectively The materials were tested for mechanical properties and forming properties to determine the bending capabilities at angles of up to 180 ° C at different radii results are shown in Table III below. The samples were characterized by the presence of particles of h i e r r o -not that 1 - f or s f u r o distributed through the matrix TABLE III Resistance to Limit Elongation Min. R / T * Elastic Tension at a 5.08 cm Radius of (kg / cm2) Displacement Length bending at or 0.2% Measure bad (kg / cm2) conditions at 180 ° Rolled 6757 6546 1 Annealing 6475 6441 < 1 for relief at 218 ° C Recycled 6335 6124 11 < 1 for relief at 260 ° C inchura of sample equal to thickness lOx EXAMPLE 2 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated using a stress relief anneal at 260 ° C and with an ally having the following composition: tin 2.7% phosphorus 0.03% iron 0.09% zinc 1.9? nickel 0.08% copper that basically the rest The results are shown in Table IV below. The samples were characterized by the presence of iron-nickel-phosphide particles distributed through the matrix.

TABLE IV Resistance to tensile strength (kg / cm2) caliber of 5.08. cm of elongation Annealed 6335 10i alium at 260 ° C This invention can be modalized in other forms or carried out in other ways without departing from the spirit or its essential characteristics. The embodiments herein are therefore, considered in all illustrative and not restrictive aspects, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims and all changes that come within the meaning and scale of equivalence are intended to be intended to be covered in it.

Claims (29)

1. A copper-based alloy consisting of tin in an amount of 1.0 to 1_1.0% by weight, phosphorus in an amount of 0.01 to 0.35% by weight, iron in an amount of 0.01 to 0.8% by weight, and the rest being copper and unavoidable impurities, the alloy including uniformly distributed phosphide particles throughout the matrix, the phosphide particles having a finer component with a particle size on the scale of 50 Angstroms to 250 Angstroms and a thicker component with a particle size in the range of 0.0-75 microns to 0.5 microns to improve the tensile relaxation properties of said alloy.

2. Copper-based alloys that consist only of tin in an amount of 1.0% up to 4.0%, phosphorus from 0.01 to 0.20, "iron from 0701 to 0.80%, zinc from 0.1 to 12.0% and the rest being copper and unavoidable impurities, and including phosphide particles uniformly distributed throughout the matrix having a particle size of 50 Angstroms at 0.3 microns, where the phosphide particles include fine particles and particles. Thick, fine particles having a particle size of 50 to 250 Angstroms and coarse particles having a particle size of 0.075 to 0.3 ml.

3. The copper-based alloy according to claim 1 or claim 2, including a material selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt and mixtures thereof in an amount of about 0.001 to 0.5% by weight each.

4. The colore-based alloy according to claim 3, wherein the alloy further includes magnesium in an amount of up to 0.1% by weight and the phosphide particles are selected from the group consisting of iron-nickel-phosphide particles, iron particles, magnesium phosphide particles, iron phosphide particles, magnesium particles, 1-fos fur, magnesium phosphide particles and mixtures thereof.

5. The. copper-based alloy according to claim 1, which further includes zinc in a amount of 0.3% by weight and lead in an amount of 0.05% by weight.

6. The copper-based alloy according to RI indication 1, wherein the tin content is from 1.5 to 11.0% by weight, the phosphorus content is from 0.01 to 0.10% by weight, and the iron content is 0.05. at 0.25% by weight.

7. The copper-based alloy according to claim 1, wherein the tin content is from 1.0 to 4.0% by weight and the phosphorus content is from 0.01 to 0.2% by weight and wherein the alloy also includes zinc in a amount of 9.0 to 15.0% by weight and a material selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt and mixtures thereof, in an amount of 0.001 to 0.5% by weight of each.

8. The copper-based alloy according to claim 1, wherein the tin content is 1.5 to 3.0% by weight.

9. The copper-based alloy according to claim 1, wherein the tin content is from 3.0 to 5.0% by weight.

10. The copper-based alloy according to the rei indication 1, wherein the tin content is from 5.0 to 7. "0% by weight.

11. The copper-based alloy according to claim 1, wherein the tin content is from 7.0 to 9.0% by weight. - -

12. The copper based alloy according to claim 1, wherein the tin content is from 9.0 to 11.0% by weight. -

13. The copper-based alloys according to claim 2, wherein the tin content is up to 2.5% up to 4%, and the iron content is from 0.05 to 0.80%, and the zinc content is 0.3. to 5.0%.

14. The copper-based alloys according to claim 2, wherein the zinc content is from 0.1 to less than 1% and the iron content is from 0.05 to 0.80%.

15. The copper-based alloys according to claim 2, wherein _el Iron content is from 0.05 to 0.80% and the zinc content is from 1.0 to 6.0%.

16. The copper-based alloys according to claim 2, wherein the iron content is from 0.05 to 0.80% and the zinc content is from 6.0 to 12.0%. "" "

17. Copper-based alloys according to claim 2, wherein the iron content is from 0.01 to 0.05% and the zinc content is from 1.0 to 6.0%.

18. The copper-based alloys according to claim 3, which include nickel in an amount of 0.01 to 0.3%.

19. A copper-based alloy consisting essentially of tin in an amount from 1.0 to 4.0% by weight, zinc in an amount from 9.0 to 15.0% by weight, phosphorus in. an amount from 0.01 to 0.2% by weight, iron in an amount from 0.01 to 0.8% by weight, a material selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt and mixtures thereof in an amount from 0-OD1 to 0.5% in weight and the rest consisting of copper and unavoidable impurities, the alloy including particles of. Phosphides uniformly distributed through the matrix, said phosphide particles having a minimum particle size of about 50 Angstroms and a maximum particle size of about 0.5 microns to improve the alloy tension relievation properties.

20. A process for preparing a copper-based alloy comprising: casting a copper-based alloy consisting essentially of tin in an amount from 1.5 to 11.0% by weight, phosphorus in an amount from 0.01 to 0.35% by weight, iron in a amount from 0.01 to 0.08% by weight, and the remainder being essentially copper; homogenizing at least once for at least two hours at a temperature from 538 to 788 ° C; rolling to a final gauge including at least one annealing procedure for at least one hour from 343 to 649 ° C followed by cooling; and annealing by stress relief to a final gauge for at least one hour at 149 to 316 ° C; thus obtaining a copper-based alloy including part of the phosphide uniformly distributed through the matrix.

21. A process for preparing copper-based alloys, comprising: casting a copper-based alloy consisting essentially of tin in an amount from 1.0% to 4.0%, phosphorus from 0.01 to 0.20%, iron from 0.01 to 0.80%, zinc from 0.1 to 12.0%, and the rest being essentially copper; homogenize at least once for at least one hour at 538-788 ° C; roll to a final gauge including at least one annealing procedure for at least one hour at 343-649 ° C followed by cooling; and annealing by stress relief to a final gauge for at least one hour at 149-316 ° C, thereby obtaining a copper alloy including uniformly distributed phosphide particles throughout the matrix.

22. The process according to claim 20 or 21, wherein the copper-based alloy that is cast includes a material selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt and mixtures thereof in an amount from 0.001 to 0.5% each. .

23. The process according to claim 22, wherein the copper-based alloy that is cast includes magnesium and "phosphide particles which are selected from the group consisting of iron particles." Nickel-phosphide, iron particles. magnesium phosphide, phosphide particles of iron, particles of magnesium, and magnesium phosphide and mixtures thereof.

24. The process according to claim 23, where the phosphide particles have a particle size of 50. Angstroms to "0.5 microns:

25. The method according to claim 20 or The vindicator 21, including two steps of homogenization, wherein at least one step of homogenization is subsequent to "one step, winding, and where the steps-of homogenization are for 2 to 24 hours each. .

26. The process according to claim 20 or claim 21, wherein the annealing process is for 1 to 2-4 hours.

27. The procedure according to the rei indication 20 or re vindication. 21, where the annealing by tension relief is for 1 to 20 hours.

28. The method according to claim 20 or claim 21, wherein the cooling step is performed at a cooling rate of 11 to 11 ° C per hour.

29. A process for preparing a copper-based alloy, which comprises: casting a copper-based alloy consisting essentially of tin in an amount from 1.0 to 4.0% by weight, zinc in an amount from 9.0 to 15.0% by weight, phosphorus in an amount from 0.01 to 0.2% by weight, iron in an amount from 0.01 to 0.8% by weight, a material selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt and mixtures thereof in an amount from 0.001 to 0.5% by weight each one, and the rest being essentially copper; homogenize at least once for at least 2 hours at a temperature from 538 to 788 ° C; roll to a final gauge including at least one annealing procedure for at least one hour at 343 to 649 ° C followed by cooling; and annealing by stress relief to a final gauge for at least one hour at 149 to 316 ° C, thereby obtaining a copper-based alloy including uniformly distributed phosphide particles throughout the matrix.