MXPA99003472A - Method for making stretch leather laminates and finished articles containing such laminates - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for making a stretch leather laminate of stretch fabric and stretchable leather so that the high-stretch directions of the fabric and the leather are substantially aligned in a preselected region of the leather. Finished articles containing such laminates are also provided.

Description

METHOD FOR ELABORATING LEATHER LAMINATES AND FINISHED ARTICLES CONTAINING SUCH LAMINATES FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to a method for preparing laminates of stretched fabric and stretchable leather. The invention is further related to finished articles containing a laminate produced by such a method.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The leather is known with a cloth support. U.S. Patent No. 2,136,092 (Troy) discloses a method for laminating an elastic fabric in a stretched or stretched condition to a thin, soft leather. U.S. Patent No. 2,269,923 (Closed) discloses a stretch laminate of thin, soft, stretchable leather, and an elastic fabric incorporating an elastomeric fiber. The laminate has a low elastic modulus to allow it to stretch with the movement of the feet when used in a shoe. The laminate can be stretched in the range of 10% to 50% or more. The preferred elastic fabric has a greater stretch than the leather, is a fabric stretched in "one direction" and is applied to the skin so that its REF .: 29550 direction of stretching corresponds to the maximum stretch of the skin. Laminates prepared in this manner as the upper part of the shoe ("shovels") need to be trimmed in a separate operation to remove the outer circumference of the fabric. It is also known that the skins are not uniform and have "lines of tightness" which run generally at right angles to the directions of high stretch in the skin. The strand lines are bent so that they are approximately parallel to the spine of the center of the skin, where there is substantially no stretch in the spine, and approximately perpendicular to the spine near the neck and tail. The stretch can also change direction these arc-like lines in certain areas of the skin. This is described in the "Manual of Shoemaking" (C. &J. Clark, Ltd., Somerset, England), 6th printing, 1989, p. .94-101. It is customary when fabric stretched on a skin is laminated to place a large piece of fabric over substantially the entire area of the skin. With such method, some parts of the skin will have their maximum stretch aligned with the maximum stretch of the fabric, and some will be more aligned, resulting in inadequate properties in the laminates, especially in the discharge power and percent adjustment of the laminate. The result is a considerable waste of laminate or finished products that have little durability and little comfort, or both. The present invention solves these problems by providing a method for cutting shaped portions of specifically engineered stretchable fabric and stretchable leather followed by lamination of those portions of the fabric and leather that have been cut to the final shape so that the entire stretch the fabric is substantially aligned with the maximum stretch direction of the leather resulting in a laminate of high comfort and quality.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The method of the present invention for making a stretch fabric and stretchable leather laminate, useful for making shoes, comprises the steps of: (a) pre-cutting leather substantially to the size and shape of a shoe component to be manufactured in a manner that the cut piece of leather has a substantially uniform direction of maximum stretch capacity and a substantially uniform direction of minimum stretch capacity, wherein the maximum and minimum directions of drawing capacity are substantially perpendicular to each other, and wherein the direction of Maximum stretch capacity runs along the instep of the shoe to be manufactured, and the minimum stretch capacity direction runs from the tip to the heel; (b) pre-cutting fabric stretched in one direction, substantially to the size and shape of a component of the shoe to be manufactured so that the cut piece of fabric has a substantially uniform direction of maximum stretch capacity and a substantially uniform direction of minimum stretch capacity where the maximum and minimum directions of drawing capacity are substantially perpendicular to each other, and wherein the maximum stretch capacity direction runs through the instep of the shoe to be manufactured, and the minimum stretch capacity direction runs from the high point, so that the fabric is cut to a smaller size in relation to the piece of leather; (c) orienting the piece of fabric to the piece of leather so that the direction of stretching of the fabric and the direction of maximum stretch capacity of the leather are aligned substantially over the total area of the piece of leather; and (d) laminate the fabric to the leather. The present invention further provides finished articles containing a laminate of stretched fabric and stretchable leather, which is produced by the above method.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a schematic representation of half of the skin of a bovine that has been divided along the spinal column. The area of the spine 1 is in the upper part, the area of the neck to the left and that of the tail 3 to the right. The "lines of tightness" are indicated by the number 4. The regions tested in the examples herein are indicated as "A" and "B". Figure 2 ilrates a shovel for a ladies shoe in which the piece cut to a smaller size of fabric is laminated to a previously cut piece of leather.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In a stretchable fabric / leather laminate, it is desirable to have a low permanent deformation so that the finished article recovers its shape after being stretched. By permanent deformation it is meant the additional length that remains after a sample has been stretched and released. The permanent deformation is important for flexible and thin skin, especially when it has been made stretchable (elastic) and therefore it is likely to be subjected to higher forces compared to the usual leather. Such leather is easily stretched and deformed, and its ability to recover substantially its original dimensions is important in terms of its durability and usefulness. A permanent deformation of about 10% or less is preferred. In certain applications, it is also desirable for comfort and stability that the discharge power is controlled in at least a specific portion of the finished article. By "discharge power" is meant the voltage observed in a sample as the sample retracts from an extended state. For example, if the unloading power of a material proposed for use in shoes is too high, the foot will be restrained in an uncomfortable manner and will be unable to move. If the discharge power is too low at a given elongation, the shoe will inadequately contain the foot, and the shoe will be unstable. For example, a discharge power between about 357 and about 1250 g / cm (2-7 pounds per inch) at 25% elongation is preferred. In quality skins A and B, classified by the standards of the shoe industry, approximately 70% of the leather is generally useful, the rest is too thin, too abused with constrictions and cuts or too small to be used. When the entire skin is going to be laminated on a large piece of elastic fabric, only about 30% of the originally useful part of the skin has the necessary relative alignment of the direction of maximum stretch capacity of the leather with the stretch direction of the fabric, with a combination of the desired low permanent deformation and an optimal discharge power. However, with the method of the present invention, almost 100% of the originally useful part of the skin has such alignment. The performance of the useful high-quality laminate, therefore, can be tripled or more. It has been found that a low permanent deformation and an optimum discharge power can be obtained in a laminate made from any part of a skin currently used to make shoe blades when the high stretch direction of the fabric is substantially aligned with the direction of maximum stretch capacity of the leather. That is, the high stretch direction of the fabric is rolled approximately at right angles to the lines of tightness in the leather. This is accomplished by: (a) providing a cutting piece for forming the stretchable leather having at least one elevated stretch direction; (b) providing at least one cutting piece to conform to the fabric stretched in a single direction which is to be cut to a smaller size; (c) orienting the fabric with the leather so that the elevated drawing direction of the fabric and at least one elevated drawing direction of the leather substantially aligns, substantially completely when used for shoe making and aligned at least in a preselected region of the leather when used for articles other than leather goods, the preselected region comprises at least 50% of the total area of the leather piece and is previously selected to produce a desired stretching characteristic in a finished item; and (d) the fabric is laminated to the leather. The skin and the fabric can be cut into shaped components and the fabric can be laminated to the cut part of the skin by one component at a time, unlike the laminate of the entire skin to a large large piece of fabric. In the method of the present invention, furthermore, there is little waste, since each component has the optimum stretching characteristics for its proposed use and any irregularity in the skin can be prevented before rolling. The laminates of this invention can be used to manufacture finished articles such as footwear, garments, clothing accessories, upholstered furniture and luggage. Garments include jackets, jackets, pants and skirts. Garment accessories include hats, belts, and gloves that include athletic gloves such as hockey gloves, baseball gloves, golf gloves, and navy gloves. Upholstered furniture includes residential, commercial and automotive seating. The laminates of this invention are particularly advantageous in shoes. When the process of this invention is used to make the component of a shoe, then the leather is cut prior to the shape so that the cut piece has uniform directions of maximum and minimum stretchability, substantially perpendicular to each other and the direction of Stretching of the fabric is substantially aligned with the direction of maximum stretchability of the leather over the total area of the leather. As used herein, "leather" means the tanned skin of a cow (which includes calves), goat, sheep, pig, kangaroo and other animals, provided that the skins or leathers are capable of being tanned to provide the stretch that is sufficient for the proposed use. Cow leather (bovine) is preferred for most uses of footwear. The leather should be able to be stretched at least to the desired extent in the final product for which it is designed. It must be of the proper thickness so that the laminate has the correct thickness for its intended use. The "face of the grain" (face of hair) means the side of the leather which is towards the outside of the animal, and the "side of the flesh" (carnaza) means the side of the leather which is inside the animal. As used herein, the fabric "cut to a smaller size" in relation to the cut leather means that the piece of leather is larger than the piece of cloth in all directions of the plane of the leather; the difference is such that during the last operation of the shoe manufacturing process, the insole can be attached to the upper leather of the shoe directly, that is, there is substantially no stretched fabric included within the bonding area and during reinforcement of the upper line of the shoe, the fabric is not within the crease line. The preferred dimensions of the cut to a smaller size are 5-11 mm (6 / 32-14 / 32 inches) around the circumference (see Figure 2). As shown in Figure 2, the fabric 1 is laminated to the leather 2. The edge 3 of the fabric can be seen to be cut smaller than the edge 4 of the leather. The arrow 5 indicates the direction of low stretch of the fabric and the leather, and the arrow 6 indicates the direction of high stretch of the fabric and the leather. During the manufacturing of the shoe, the cut to a smaller size for the trimming (forming in a mold) of a shoe thickness of upper laminate around the area where the sole joins the upper part of the shoe. This has several advantages. More defined and sharper lines are generated, resulting in a better appearance of the shoe. In addition, the process of stamping is easier to perform. Finally, delamination of the stretched fabric of the upper stretched leather does not occur when the sole of the shoe is cemented by hot melt to the top at a subsequent stage. - li when the term "cut to a smaller size" is used in operations other than shoe making, then the difference in size between the fabric and the leather is such that during the sewing operation, substantially no stretched fabric is included within of the union area. The fabric can be woven, tricolored or non-woven. The fabric must be capable of being stretched at least to a desired degree in the finished final product. Fabrics can be used with a stretch of approximately 15% -40%. Fabric with a stretch of approximately 25% or 35% is preferred for the shoe upper. The fabric may have a higher, lower or equal stretch capacity than the leather. In order to provide sufficient discharge power, the fabrics must comprise elastomeric fibers. Spandex is a preferred elastomeric fiber, Spandex Lycra ™ (a registered trademark of E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company) is most preferred. Preferably, the fabric is a fabric stretched in a single direction, with only a small stretch in the direction perpendicular to its stretch in a single direction, in order to be able to obtain an adequate alignment of the stretch in the fabric and in the leather , this can easily be carried out on fabrics by undulating the elastomeric fiber only in the warp or the weft. In tricotting, techniques such as weft insertion can be used to obtain fabrics with essentially one-dimensional stretch. Similarly, non-woven fabrics can be manufactured with stretching predominantly in one direction, for example by sewing-bonding or incorporation of some other Spandex in one direction, in the non-woven material. The fabric generally needs to be thin enough so that the laminate does not significantly exceed the usual thickness of the leather usually commonly used in the final product. For example, in dress shoes for ladies, the laminate should be approximately 1.2 mm thick, for sports shoes approximately 1.0-1.5 mm, and for boots, approximately 1.7-2.5 mm. It is advantageous that the fabric is porous so that the laminate "breathes", uniform to minimize irregularities in the face of the grain of the leather, resistant to provide durability to the laminate, and having an optimum folding module so that the laminate has the adequate balance of flexibility and rigidity for its proposed use. The stretching characteristics of the fabric / leather laminate are important in the finished article. The substantial alignment of the high-stretch directions of the leather and the fabric maximizes the flexibility of the laminate and the durability of the shoe made of such a laminate. This consideration can be used to produce the desired stretch characteristics in the finished article.

For example, leather for shoes is usually cut from "narrow heel to tips" so that the lines of tightness run from the heel towards the tip. This provides the shoe with longitudinal stability and at the same time allows lateral flex and stretch for durability and comfort. The laminates contemplated by the present invention are cut from stretching the heel to the tip. This means that the direction of maximum stretching capacity of the fabric / leather laminate is through the instep of the shoe, and the direction of minimum stretch capacity is in the long direction of the shoe. Therefore, the one-way stretching characteristic of the fabric is important for shoes, in which the stability and durability depends on having high and stretched directions under the leather and laminate, properly oriented. For shoes, laminates that have certain preferred characteristics which can lead to shoes of optimal comfort and novel retention. These characteristics can be measured when determining the discharge power at given elongations. The preferred laminates are within the ranges indicated in the following table: For the purposes of this invention, "elastomeric fiber" means a short fiber or continuous filament which has an elongation at break exceeding 100% and which, when stretched and released, is quickly and adequately replenished substantially to its original length . Such fibers include rubber fiber, spandex and polyether ester fibers, and may be recovered or entangled with other non-elastomeric fibers or may be bare (uncoated). The term "Spandex" has its usual meaning, that is, filaments made of fiber, wherein the fiber-forming substance is a synthetic long-chain elastomer made up of at least 85% by weight of a segmented polyurethane. The term "substantially aligned" means that the high stretch direction of the fabric and the high stretch direction of the leather are aligned within about 45 ° of parallelism, preferably within about 22 ° of parallelism. The exact degree of alignment which is required to obtain the desired combination of low permanent deformation and optimum discharge power may vary little due to the variable nature of natural leather. Therefore, the properties of any individual piece of leather may be such that the required alignment may be slightly better or may be worse than about 20 °. The fabric in the laminate does not usually mean that it is observed, and therefore, it is usually applied to the side of the leather designed to be inside the final product. For dress shoes, this is on the meat side (carnaza) of the leather. For stretched rawhide or suede, this is the unfinished side of the leather. If desired, a second piece of natural leather, lining fabric or artificial leather having the proper stretch characteristics can be laminated to the first laminate on the side of the fabric to provide a stretched laminate with two finished sides. Other customary treatments for leather such as dyeing or application of water repellent or scratch resistant finishes and the like, can be carried out, if such treatments do not substantially affect the drawing, the discharge power and the permanent deformation characteristics of the laminate. The cut of the fabric to the shape can be applied or placed on the leather either in a relaxed state or while stretching. If a uniform surface is desired in the laminate, the fabric should not be excessively stretched during the lamination, and the adhesive should be uniformly applied, so that the finished laminate is free of gathers or wrinkles, unless such characteristics are desired. Any type of adhesive can be used. The preferred adhesives are sufficiently elastic so that they do not inhibit the stretching of the laminate and are preferably of sufficiently high viscosity during lamination that they do not form a continuous film, which could affect the porosity of the laminate. For example, you prefer hot melt adhesives and pressure sensitive adhesives; You can also use solvent-based adhesives and latex adhesives. The adhesive can be applied to the fabric or the leather, or both, in a discontinuous manner so that the breathing ability of the laminate is not adversely affected, especially when the final product is a shoe. The lamination can be carried out by pressing the fabric on the leather by means of a flat press, a roller press or a spade press, at a pressure that does not substantially affect the surface aesthetics of the leather but which generates a bond between the parts of the leather. cut shape at the end of the leather and the fabric.

EXAMPLES PROOF PROCEDURES Three samples were tested for stretch fabric alignment and leather stretch. Each sample has a length of 7.6 cm (3 inches) long and a width of 2.5 cm (1 inch) and was tested in the longitudinal direction. An Instron Tensile Tester kit with a C cell battery and C jaws was used, with faces of 2.5 cm (1 inch) by 7.6 cm (3 inches). The sample calibration length (between the jaws) is 5.1 cm (2 inches). Each sample was stretched between 0% and 30% extension three times at a constant speed of 200% per minute extension. In the third cycle, while discharging the last extension, the tension, or discharging power, was recorded in pounds per inch at 30% elongation. The percentage of permanent deformation was recorded as the percentage of the gain in the length of the material that remains immediately after the third extension, that is, when the tension returned to zero:% DEFORMATION RELAXED LENGTH - PERMANENT INITIAL LENGTH "- --- ----_ - _-____ - _ X 100 INITIAL LENGTH PREPARATION OF THE SAMPLE The leather was the middle part of the tanned bovine skin sold as "Leather for Lycram" by Curtidos Trevino, Nuevo León, Mexico) with approximately 30% maximum stretch and a finished thickness of approximately 0.8 mm. A region approximately 30.5 cm (12 inches) down from the spine in the center of the tanned leather was designated as region A and the area approximately 30.5 cm (12 inches) down from the spine near the back is designated as region B (see Figure 1). The lines of tightness in region A are approximately parallel to the spinal column, that is, the direction of maximum stretching capacity is perpendicular to the spinal column, and the lines of tightness in region B are approximately perpendicular to the spinal column, that is, the direction of maximum stretch capacity is close to that parallel to the spine. The leather has a discharge power of approximately 1250 g / cm (7 pounds per inch) in the high stretch direction, and approximately 1964 g / cm (9 pounds per inch) in the low stretch direction, and 17% permanent deformation in both directions, both high and low stretch. The fabric is a taffeta weave with spandex LycraMR type 127 of 560 denier (trademark of EI du Pont de Nemours and Company), entangled by air jet with a Dacron polyester "type 56 denier 150 filament 150 (one brand registered from EI du Pont de Nemours and Company), in the filling and a texturized polyester of DacronTM type 56 of 34 filaments of 2 layers of denier 100, in the warp.Filling direction, the fabric has a discharge power of 356 g / cm (3 pounds per inch) and a 5% permanent deformation in the high stretch direction (filling), in the low stretch direction (warp) it has more than 8929 g / cm (50 inches per pound) discharge capacity and 15% permanent deformation.It is approximately 0.4 mm thick.A hot-melt adhesive ("System # 2100", an ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer mixed with resins that improve adhesion; mp 104 ° C (220 ° F) sold by Starensier Corp., Ne buryport, MA). The adhesive was roller coated on the fabric in a discontinuous random pattern, by conventional means.

EXAMPLE 1 Four squares of fabric were placed with unstretched adhesive on the meat (flesh) side of the tanned skin, and the resulting laminate was maintained under a pressure of approximately 6.3 kg / cm2 (90 psi) for approximately 3 seconds, until the fabric reached a temperature of 104 ° C (220 ° F). The arrangement of the four canvas frames is as follows: Sample 1 was placed in region A of the skin (See Figure 1) so that the direction of maximum stretch capacity of the leather and that of the fabric were parallel. When the stretch was tested in the direction of high stretch capacity, the results are shown below as Al. When stretched perpendicular to the high stretch capacity, the results are shown as A2. For sample 2, the fabric was turned 90 ° (still in region A); when tested stretched parallel in the direction of stretching of the fabric (perpendicular to the direction of high stretch of the leather), the results are shown as A3; when it is approved perpendicular to the stretch of the fabric, the results are presented as A4. Samples 3 and 4 are placed as in the above, but in region B of the skin; this means that due to the direction of maximum stretch capacity of the skin "rotated" from region A to region B, the fabric placed parallel to that of sample 1 now has its direction of stretching substantially perpendicular to the direction of the high stretch capacity of leather. Performing tests as in the previous, the results Bl and B2 reflect the parallel and perpendicular stretching tests, respectively, with respect to the direction of stretching of the fabric, and B3 and B4 are also parallel and perpendicular, respectively, to the direction of stretch of the fabric. As can be seen from Table 1 below, only Al and B3, when the direction of the test (applied tension direction) and the high stretch direction of the leather and the fabric are substantially aligned, are within the acceptable range of the test results (a low discharge power <; 10% permanent deformation), and these samples represent the claimed invention. These results also demonstrate that the method of this invention allows a much more economical and practical use of a skin. The results Bl and B2, both unacceptable, simulate that situation where the stretched fabric is placed on a skin. Such an arrangement does not compensate for the natural change of maximum stretch direction in the skin.

Table 1 EXAMPLE 2 This example further demonstrates that the rolling characteristics depend on the manner in which the laminate is separated, cut and used. The fabric is laminated to the skin in region A, so that the high stretch direction of the fabric is aligned with the high stretch direction of the leather, ie, perpendicular (90 °) to the spine of the skin. . Then samples are cut at various angles to the spine, to perform the tests. When the final cut shape is aligned so that the high applied stretch direction (test direction) is aligned within about 20 ° of the alignment of the elevated stretch direction of the fabric and the leather, as in the sample Al , the desired combination of low discharge power and a permanent deformation in ..% low is obtained. Above approximately 20 ° of alignment, the properties become less desirable. (Al and A2 were tests as in example 1). These data are shown in Table 2: Table 2 The above results also indicate that if one wishes to use as part of a shoe aligned components as in A5 and A6, one can obtain a discharge power similar to the component of this invention, Al, that is, they can result in a comfortable shoe. However, these same alignments A5 and A6 have a substantially higher permanent deformation%, outside of this invention, and therefore, result in shoes which will deform during use.

It is noted that in relation to this date, the best method known to the applicant to carry out the aforementioned invention, is that which is clear from the present description of the invention.

Claims (10)

CLAIMS Having described the invention as above, the content of the following claims is claimed as property:

1. A method for making a stretch fabric and stretchable leather laminate, characterized in that it comprises the steps of: (a) providing a stretchable piece of leather having at least one elevated stretch direction, wherein the leather is previously cut substantially to size and form of a component of a finished article; (b) providing fabric stretched in a single direction, wherein the fabric is previously cut substantially to the size and shape of a component of the finished article; (c) orienting the fabric with respect to the leather so that the high stretch direction of the fabric and the high stretch direction of the leather are substantially aligned in at least one preselected region of the leather, the preselected region comprises at least 50% of the total area of the leather piece and is previously selected to produce a desired stretching characteristic in a finished article; and (d) laminating the fabric to the leather so that the fabric is cut to a smaller size.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the previously selected region of the leather comprises at least 90% of the total area of the leather piece.

3. A method for making a stretch fabric and stretchable leather laminate, useful for making shoes, characterized in that it comprises the steps of: (a) securing the leather substantially to the size and shape of a component of the shoe to be manufactured so that the cut piece of leather has a substantially uniform direction of maximum stretch capacity and a substantially uniform direction of minimum stretch capacity, wherein the maximum and minimum directions of drawing capacity are substantially perpendicular to each other, and wherein the Maximum stretch capacity direction runs along the instep of the shoe to be manufactured, and the minimum stretch capacity direction runs from the tip to the heel; (b) pre-cutting the stretched fabric in a single direction, substantially to the size and shape of a component of the shoe to be manufactured so that the cut piece of fabric has a substantially uniform direction of maximum stretch capacity and a substantially uniform direction of minimum stretch capacity wherein the maximum and minimum directions of drawing capacity are substantially perpendicular to each other, wherein the direction of maximum stretch capacity runs through the instep of the shoe to be manufactured, and the direction of capacity of minimal stretch runs from the high point, so that the fabric is cut to a smaller size in relation to the leather piece; (c) orienting the piece of fabric to the piece of leather so that the direction of stretching of the fabric and the direction of maximum stretch capacity of the leather are aligned substantially over the total area of the piece of leather; and (d) laminate the fabric to the leather.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the stretched fabric has a stretch of 15-40%. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the stretched fabric comprises spandex as an elastomeric fiber. 6. A finished article, characterized in that it comprises a laminate made by the method comprising the steps of: (a) providing a stretchable piece of leather having at least one high stretch direction, wherein the leather is precut substantially to size and form of a component of a finished article; (b) pre-cutting the stretched fabric in a single direction, substantially to the size and shape of a component of a shoe to be manufactured, so that the cut piece of fabric has a substantially uniform direction of maximum stretch capacity, and a substantially uniform direction of minimum stretch capacity, wherein the directions of maximum and minimum stretch capacity are substantially perpendicular to each other, and wherein the direction of maximum stretch capacity runs through the instep of the shoe to be manufactured, and the direction of maximum stretch capacity runs from the tip to the heel, so that the fabric is cut to a smaller size in relation to the piece of leather; (c) orienting the fabric to the leather so that the high stretch direction of the fabric and the high stretch direction of the leather are substantially aligned in at least one preselected region of the leather, the preselected region comprises at least 50% of the total area of the leather piece and is preselected to produce a desired stretch characteristic in a finished article; (d) laminating the fabric to the leather, so that the fabric is cut to a smaller size. A shoe, characterized in that it comprises a laminate made by the method comprising the steps of: (a) precutting the leather substantially to the size and shape of a component of the shoe to be manufactured so that the cut piece of leather has a substantially uniform direction of maximum stretch capacity and a substantially uniform direction of minimum stretch capacity, wherein the maximum and minimum directions of stretch capacity are substantially perpendicular to each other, and wherein the direction of maximum stretch capacity runs at length of the instep of the shoe to be manufactured, and the direction of minimum stretch capacity runs from the tip to the heel; (b) pre-cutting the stretched fabric in a single direction, substantially to the size and shape of a component of the shoe to be manufactured so that the cut piece of fabric has a substantially uniform direction of maximum stretch capacity and a substantially uniform direction of minimum stretch capacity wherein the maximum and minimum directions of drawing capacity are substantially perpendicular to each other, wherein the direction of maximum stretch capacity runs through the instep of the shoe to be manufactured, and the direction of capacity of minimal stretch runs from the high point, so that the fabric is cut to a smaller size in relation to the leather piece; (c) orienting the piece of fabric to the piece of leather so that the direction of stretching of the fabric and the direction of maximum stretch capacity of the leather are aligned substantially over the total area of the piece of leather; and (d) laminate the fabric to the leather. 8. The finished article, according to claim 1, characterized in that the finished article is a piece of luggage, a garment, an upholstered piece of furniture or an article of clothing. The shoe according to claim 7, characterized in that the laminate has a discharge power range of 357-1250 g / cm (2-7 pounds per inch) at an elongation of 25% a permanent deformation of < 10% 10. The method of compliance with the claim 3, characterized in that it is used to make shoes, which additionally includes the steps of reinforcing an upper line of a shoe by inserting a substantially non-stretchable web ribbon and a high-strength and low-stretch cord, before bending.