MXPA99001718A

MXPA99001718A - Synthetic polyester absorbent materials

Info

Publication number: MXPA99001718A
Application number: MXPA/A/1999/001718A
Authority: MX
Inventors: Mal Phillips Bobby; Bagrodia Shriram
Original assignee: Eastman Chemical Company
Priority date: 1996-08-22
Filing date: 1999-02-19
Publication date: 1999-09-20

Abstract

The invention provides synthetic polymeric fibers which have utility as temporary acquisition/distribution absorbent structures and permanent storage/distribution absorbent structures in a wide range of absorbent products such as diapers, feminine napkins, and adult incontinent pads. These fibers are short, highly distorted, and bulky characterized by lengths between 2 and 37 mm, short-range distortion factors between 5 and 70, long-range distortion factors between 0.05 and 0.9, and single fiber bulk factors between 0.5 and 10.0. They may or may not have capillary channels on the surface. The advantages of these materials are their increased absorbency, reduced wet collapse at low densities, reduced rewet, reduced loss of liquid under pressure, and their ability to be desorbed by distribution materials such as capillary channeled fibers or by conventional storage materials such as fluff pulp or superabsorbent polymer fiber or powder.

Description

ABSORBENT SYNTHETIC POLYESTER MATERIALS DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to components of absorbent products and absorbent products. More specifically, this invention relates to fibers and fiber structures that acquire, distribute and store fluids for use in absorbent products. Cellulose pulp in pot is a common component in the core of disposable absorbent products, such as diapers, feminine pads, incontinence pads. The pulp of cellulose in mota is relatively cheap. The superabsorbent polymer (PSA) in the form of fiber or powder is another component that is frequently found in the core of disposable absorbent products. Core materials such as cellulose pulp in speck, chemically modified speck pulp, or PSA are not easily desorbed since the thermodynamic attraction of aqueous liquids by these materials is extremely high. Therefore, the liquid in a region containing these materials can not be transported generally in or along that region making distribution of the fluid difficult. The pulp of cellulose in mota also collapses when saturated with liquid. This collapse has long been a problem in the technique of absorbent products limiting its usefulness. U.S. Patent Nos. 4,898,642 assigned to Moore et al; 4,888,093 assigned to Dean et al .; and 4,889,596 assigned to Schoggen et al. and PCT / US / 8901581 filed on April 12, 1989 assigned to Minton describe several chemically modified speck pulps aimed at remedying pulp deficiencies in untreated speck. U.S. Patent No. 3,219,739 assigned to Breen discloses polyethylene terephthalate (TPE) fibers and a process for making those fibers. The fibers described in the 739 patent are characterized by having extremities, a relatively high spatial frequency, and sinusoidal (flights) of relatively short interval or spiral geometries in the extremities. The fibers described in the '739 patent will not transport water spontaneously. That is, a liquid in contact with the cross section of only one of the fibers described in the '739 patent will not be continuously distributed from the contact point along the length of the fiber. U.S. Patent No. 5,611,981 assigned to Phillips et al, describes spontaneously wetting fibers having a combination of X-values and surface contact angles that satisfy the conditions for spontaneous wetting. The factor X is defined therein as X = Pw / (4r + (fI-2) D) where Pw is the wetted perimeter of the filament, r is the radius of the circumscribed circle circumscribing the cross-section of the fiber, and D is the dimension of the minor axis between the cross section of the fiber. The teachings of the 981 patent are incorporated herein by reference as fully indicated herein. United States Patent 5,200,248 assigned to Thompson et al. Describes capillary channel polymer fibers, which store and transport liquid. The fibers have conformations of non-round cross section which include relatively long thin portions. The conformations of the cross section are the same along the length of the fiber. Patent 248 discloses that these capillary channel fibers can be coated with materials that provide an adhesion tension with water of at least 25 dynes / cm. The teachings and especially the definitions of the patent 248 are incorporated herein by reference as being fully indicated herein. United States Patent 5,268,229 assigned to Phillips et al. Describes fibers having non-round cross-sectional conformations, specifically "U" and "E" shaped cross sections with stabilizing ends. These fibers are also spontaneously wettable fibers and have cross sections that are the same along the length of the fiber. The co-pending United States Application entitled "Beams of fibers useful for mobilizing liquids in high flows and structures of acquisition / distribution using the bundles" presented on August 15, 1997, describes bundles of fibers for use as distribution materials. The same individual fibers are poor distribution materials that do not have intra fiber capillary channels. When combined together in bundles, the bundles become excellent distribution materials that use inter fiber capillary channels. The teachings of and especially the definitions are incorporated herein for reference as if fully indicated herein. A voluminous, highly distorted synthetic polymer fiber acquires, distributes and stores fluids when constructed in an absorbent structure having a large number of the fibers in close proximity to each other. The fibers have a length of between 2 and approximately 37 millimeters, cross sections that vary in conformation along the length of the fiber, a single factor of fiber volume between 0.5 and 10.0, a greater short-range distortion factor of 5, and a long interval distortion factor between 0.05 and 0.9. In several preferred embodiments the fiber has at least one cross section along its length which is characterized by having a distorted "H" conformation, a distorted "Y" conformation, a distorted "+" conformation, a "U" conformation. distorted, a distorted conformation of a fiber having a cross section as shown in Figure 17. The fibers are primarily for use in absorbent products such as disposable diapers, feminine wipes, and incontinence devices, in this way the fibers preferably have an adhesion tension on its surface of more than 25 dynes / cm with distilled water for adequate movement of liquid fluids. The surface of the fiber may be coated with a superabsorbent polymer or a mixture of superabsorbent polymers and surfactant. The absorbent structure comprising the novel fibers of the invention functions by managing the fluids by temporarily acquiring and distributing the fluids. When the novel fibers are coated with a superabsorbent polymer or combined with other materials such as speckled pulp, chemically modified speck pulp, superabsorbent polymer or combinations thereof, the absorbent structure creates functions to permanently store the fluids. These absorbent structures have improved water absorbency, decrease collapse by moisture and reduce water release in many conventional absorbent structures. Absorbent structures in combination with top sheets, distribution layers, protection layers, storage cores and backsheets build excellent absorbent products with reduced spillage, improved absorbency and full utilization of the storage core. The processes for forming novel fibers of the invention include the step sequence of (1) rotated, optionally stretched, cut and reduced or (2) rotated, optionally stretched, agitated and cut. These processes can be done continuously and at high speeds. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a plan view schematic of a shaping aperture H of a rotor identified as 1-1083 used in Example 1. Figure 2 is a photocopy of a photograph at an amplification of 115 (FIG. 115X) of a cross-section of fiber as spun from Example 1. Figure 3 is a photocopy of portions of seven photographs at 111X, each of which shows a cross-section of the novel fibers of the present invention of Example 1. Figure 4A is a photocopy of a 7X color photograph of the novel fibers of Example 1. Figure 4B is a photocopy of a 40X color photograph of the novel fibers of Example 1. Figure 5 is a schematic in perspective. plant of a shaping aperture H of a rotor identified as 1-1042 used in Examples 2 and 19. Figure 6 is a photocopy of portions of seven photographs at 285X, each of which shows a cross section of the novel fibers of the present invention of Example 2. Figure 7A is a photocopy of an 80X color photograph of the novel fibers of Example 2. Figure 7B is a photocopy of a 36X color photograph of the novel fibers of Example 2. Figure 7C is a photocopy of an X-color photograph of the novel fibers of Example 2. Figure 8 is a photocopy of portions of six photographs at 285X, each one of which shows a cross section of the novel fibers of the present invention of Example 3. Figure 9A is a photocopy of a 7X color photograph of the novel fibers of Example 3. Figure 9B is a photocopy of a photograph 40X color of the novel fibers of Example 3. Figure 10 is a photocopy of a 7X color photograph of the novel fibers of the present invention of Example 4. Figure 11 is a schematic in perspective. plant of a shaping opening U of a rotor identified as 1-1127 used in Examples 12 and 13. Figure 12 is a photocopy of a photograph at a 464 X amplification of a fiber cross section as spun of Example 12. Figure 13 is a photocopy of portions of four 285X photographs, each of which shows a cross section of the novel fibers of the present invention of Example 12. Figure 14 is a photocopy of a color photograph at 7X of the novel fibers of Example 12. Figure 15 is a photocopy of a 7X color photograph of the novel fibers of Example 13. Figure 16 is a schematic plan view of an aperture of a rotor identified as 1-1004 used in Example 14, the shape of the opening called later in the present "4DG". Figure 17 is a photocopy of a 464X photograph of the non-spun fiber cross section of Example 14. Figure 18 is a photocopy of a 7X color photograph of the novel fibers of the present invention of Example 14. Figure 19A is a photocopy of portions of three 285X photographs, each of which shows a cross section of the novel fibers of the present invention of Example 15. Figure 19B is a photocopy of portions of two 285X photographs, each of which shows a cross-section of the novel fibers of Example 15. Figure 20 is a photocopy of a 7X color photograph of the novel fibers of Example 15. Figure 21A is a plan view schematic of a shaping aperture. And of a rotor identified as 1-1195 used in Example 20. Figure B is a plan view schematic of a rotor surface 1-1195 showing a plurality of apertures in accordance with FIG. ation Y. Figure 22 is a photocopy of a photograph to 115X of the cross section of the unwoven fiber of Example 20. Figure 23 is a photocopy of portions of four 115X photographs, each of which shows a cross section of the novel fibers of the present invention of Example 20. Figure 24 is a photocopy of a 7X color photograph of novel fibers of Example 20. Figure 25 is a plan view of an aperture of a rotor identified as 1-1198 used in Example 21. Figure 26 is a photocopy of portions of six photographs at 115X, each of which shows a cross section of the novel fibers of the present invention of Example 21.

Figure 27A is a photocopy of a 7X color photograph of the novel fibers of Example 21. Figure 27B is a photocopy of a 40X color photograph of the fibers of Example 21. Figure 28A is a schematic of a cross section of a fiber for use in the illustration of the definition of the volume factor of a fiber. Figure 28B is a schematic of a cross section of a fiber for use in the illustration of the definition of the volume factor of a fiber. Figure 29 is a schematic cross-section of a fiber useful in defining the short-range distortion factor (FDIC). Figure 30 is a schematic top plan view of an absorbent article. Figure 31 is a partial sectional view of a preferred embodiment of an absorbent article utilizing the absorbent structures of the present invention. Figure 32 is a partial side sectional view of another preferred embodiment of an absorbent article utilizing the absorbent structures of the present invention. Figure 33 is a partial side sectional view of yet another preferred embodiment of an absorbent article utilizing the absorbent structures of the present invention.

Figure 34 is a schematic cross section of a fiber used in the definition of SCV and SCSA. Figure 35 is a schematic cross section of a fiber used in the definition of S and CCW. The novel absorbent structures of a plurality of novel fibers are formed in proximity to each other. The novel fibers are short, highly distorted, having conformations of varying cross section along their lengths, and bulky. Absorbent structures provide fluid handling properties that function to either temporarily acquire and distribute fluids or temporarily store fluids. The fluid handling properties depend on the type of novel fibers used in the absorbent structures. The absorbent structures are used in absorbent products, such as disposable diapers, feminine towels, or incontinence devices. The novel fibers are short meaning that each fiber has a length along its axis of between about 2 and about 37 millimeters, preferably between about 2 and 19 millimeters. The novel fibers are bulky meaning that each fiber has a fiber volume factor (FVUF) of between 0.5 and 10.0, preferably between 1.5 and 7.5. The examples represent FVUF between 0.5 and 4.0. The FVUF is a measurement of the proportion of hollow areas formed by the cross section of the fiber to the polymer area of the cross section of the fiber. The hollow areas in the cross sections of the fiber of Figures 28A-B are illustrated along with the example calculations as discussed below. Since novel fibers have varying cross sections along their length, the FVUF is an average of 50 measurements of cross sections. The bulk can also be expressed as a function of the fiber as spun, "as spinning" is understood the state of the novel fibers prior to the step of reduction or stretching. The spun fibers have non-round cross-sectional conformations and include those fibers described in U.S. Patent No. 5, 200,248, No. 5,268,229 and No. 5,611,981 and in the co-pending United States application entitled "fiber bundles useful for mobilizing liquids at high flows and acquisition / distribution structures using the bundles" filed on August 15, 1997. By combining the teachings of the above references, spun fibers can be characterized by the following two classifications: 1. Fibers are those classified as having "good" capillary channels on their surface such that the fibers have (a) a Specific capillary volume of at least 2.0 cc / g and a specific capillary surface area of at least 2000 cm2 / g, or (b) a ratio of lightness of at least 9 and at least 30 percent of intra fiber channels with a capillary channel width of less than 300 microns. 2. Fibers are those classified as having "deficient" capillary channels or no capillary channel on their surface such that the fibers have (a) a specific capillary volume of less than 2.0 cc / g or a specific capillary surface area of less of 2000 cm2 / g, and (b) a lightness ratio of less than 9 or more than 70% of intra-fiber channels with a capillary channel width of more than 300 microns. Preferably, these spun fibers have an FVUF of more than 4.0. The measurement details of the parameters indicated above for the spun fibers are discussed below. The novel fibers are highly distorted having conformations of highly variable cross section caused by a sinusoidal or flight character of the ends of the fiber or walls of fiber channels with respect to the main structure or spine of the fiber from which the extremities or walls are projected.

That is, the extremities or walls of the cross section of the fibers are highly distorted. The distorted conformation in this context is created from the conformation of a fiber as a yarn that has undergone the reduction stage. During the reduction, the cross-sectional conformation of the fiber as spun is distorted. The channels refer to the flight walls with a base that defines one or more channels. The distortions of the novel fiber of the present invention are characterized by a short-range distortion factor (FDIC) for the ends of the fiber or the walls of the channels and a long-range distortion factor (FDIL) for the length, that is, the main structure of the fiber. The FDIC is greater than 5.0, preferably between 5 and 70, and more preferably between 18 and 36. The FDIL is between 0.05 and 0.9, preferably between 0.1 and 0.6. The examples herein represent FDIC of between 11 and 66 and FDIL of between 0.10 and 0.49. The FVUF is defined as the percent of the variation of the coefficient of the ratio of the area of the channels Carea to the cross-sectional area of the fiber material Márea by fifty measurements of randomly selected cross sections of the fibers. In this way, FDIC = 100 x (s / X) where X equals the average (Carea / Márea) for measurements in the fifty cross sections and s equals the standard deviation of the fifty values for (Carea / Márea). Figure 29 illustrates a cross section of the fiber and is useful in explaining how the channel area of a fiber is calculated. For any cross section, the area of the Carea Channel is first determined by enclosing the cross section in a polygon whose segments are tangent to two points in the cross section and intersect at interior angles to the polygon of less than 180 degrees. The polygon in Figure 29 is shown as dotted line segments. Each channel area is defined by the cross-sectional surfaces of the fiber and the line segments tangent to the two points in the cross-section. In Figure 29 the line segment AB and the surfaces of the two ends 293, 294, and the base 295 of the fiber delimit the channel area Al. Similarly, the line segment BC and the surfaces of the two ends 291, 294 delimit the area of channel A2. All channel areas are included in the value for the Carea for the cross section of a fiber. In this way, the value of Carea is equal to the sum of the area of the channels Al + A2 + A3 + A4. The area of the Tidal fiber material is the cross-sectional area of the fiber, which includes the area of the extremities 291-294 and the base 295. For each cross-section, the ratio of Carea to area is determined. The average and standard deviation of the Carea a Máre ratio are determined for fifty cross sections. Once the average and standard deviation have been measured, the FDIC is calculated. FDIL is a function of Lx and L0. L0 is the average length along the main structure or spine of the novel fiber. Lx is the diameter of the circle circumscribing the novel fiber. L0 and Li are measured using photomicrographs. The fibers are placed on a microscope slide and a photomicrograph is taken at a known amplification, such as an amplification of about 7. The lengths Lx and L0 while being measured from the photomicrograph, are the actual lengths of the main structure and the diameter , respectively. These lengths can be approximated using a rule. Alternatively, an image computer and a measurement system can be used to determine L0, Lx and FDIL. In an embodiment as used by the following examples, the image-based computer and the measurement system for determining FDIL includes an optical system for obtaining fiber images, which is programmed with algorithms for measuring fiber lengths, and a printer to make copies of the fiber images. The optical system includes an illuminated base, a video camera equipped with a macro lens and a conventional personal computer that includes an image fixing board. The width of the field of view for each image is preferably at least 15 millimeters in the desired amplification allowing the total length of the novel fibers to be in the field of observation. Verification of the amplification of the image is made using a rule in the field of view and an algorithm that sets the scale in the field of the image based on the distance between the points identified in the field of observation. Several algorithms can be used in the measurement system to determine L0 and Lx. The determination of L0 can be done by tracing the insertion point along the length of the fiber image using a mouse type input / output of the device. Alternatively, the ends of the fiber image can be identified using a mouse type device and the computer can be instructed to run an algorithm to determine the length of the fiber based on the identification of the two endpoints and the image. of fiber in the image field. Li can be determined with the help of the measurement system. The distal points of the fiber can be identified and the length between those points is equal to the diameter of the circumscription circle. Alternatively, the points of the image field corresponding to the fiber can be identified by the computer, and the computer can run an algorithm to set a circle around the fiber circumscribing the fiber. To provide the bulk and distortion, the cross section of the novel fibers may be distorted "H", "Y", "+", or "U" as shown in the Examples. The conformation of the novel fiber cross section can also be a distorted conformation of the fiber as spun as shown in Figure 17. The conformation of the fiber as spun in Figure 17 has come to be commercially referred to as "4DG", available from Eastman Chemical Company of Kingsport, TN. Of course the conformations of cross sections of the fiber as spun are the undistorted conformations "H", "Y", "+", "U" or "4DG". The fibers have a denier of between 3 and 100 dpf and more preferably between 3 and 30 dpf. The Denier (dpf) is the average denier of the individual fiber measured in grams per fiber per 9000 meters of the individual fiber. Preferably, the novel fibers of the invention are made of a polyester, such as polyethylene terephthalate. However, novel fibers can also be formed from other polymers that are significantly reduced when heated such as polystyrene or foamed polystyrene. The reduction stage introduces the distortion in the fiber that increases the FDIL and FDIC. The relatively large FDIL and / or FDIC values of the novel fibers provide their utility in absorbent products. The reduction occurs for oriented amorphous polymeric fibers when the fibers are heated above their glass transition temperature. The reduction occurs either before or in the absence of substantial crystallization. The novel fibers of the invention, preferably, have a surface composition that is hydrophilic which may be inherent due to the nature of the material used to make the fibers or may be manufactured by application of surface finishes. The hydrophilic surface finishes provide structures the surfaces of which have high adhesion tension (ie, strongly attract) with aqueous liquids and are therefore preferred for applications involving aqueous liquids such as those dised below for acquisition structures. temporary distribution and permanent storage structures. Preferably, the hydrophilic surface has an adhesion tension with distilled water greater than 25 dynes / cm as measured on a flat surface having the same composition and finished as the surface of the fiber. Some of the finishes / lubricants useful for providing large adhesion stresses to aqueous liquids are described or referenced in U.S. Patent No. 5,611,981. Surface finishes are well known in the art.

The surface finishes are typically coated in fibers during their manufacture. The coating, i.e., the lubrication step, usually occurs just after the molten polymer is extruded through the opening of a rotor and stopped, but this can be applied subsequently as discussed below. The thickness of the coating is much thinner than the cross section of the fiber and is measured in terms of its percentage of the total weight of the fiber. The weight percentage of the coating is typically between 0.005 and 2.0 percent of the total weight of the fiber. Preferably, the fibers have a specific surface force, which is determined specifically by the following equation: (P? Cos (? A)) / d 0.03 dynes / den where P is the perimeter of the cross section of the fiber in centimeters (cm); ? is the surface tension of the liquid on the surface in dyne / cm; (? a is the front contact angle of the liquid on a flat surface having the same composition and ending as the surface of the fiber (as specified in U.S. Patent No. 5,611,981);? Cos (? a) is the adhesion tension of the liquid on the surface of the fiber, and d is the denier of the fiber in which is measured P. The novel fibers which satisfy this inequality have excellent fluid flow along its length. Novelties have channels on their surface which can be useful in the distribution or storage of liquids when appropriate surface energies exist on the surface of the fibers, such as when the fibers satisfy the above equation in relation to the specific surface forces. They determine the adhesion tension between the surface and any liquid is in contact with the surface. force of attraction between the liquid and the surface. The adhesion stress is a factor in the capillary forces acting on the liquid in a channel. Another factor that affects the capillary forces that act on a liquid in a channel is the length of the perimeter of the channel. When the widths of the channels are small, the capillary forces are relatively strong compared to the forces of gravity in the liquid, since the force of gravity in the liquid in a channel is proportional to the area of the channel. Therefore, preferably, the width of the channels is less than 400 microns. The important advantages of the novel fibers of the present invention are provided (1) by the capillaries defined in the final fiber which is less than 400 microns, (2) by the relatively large proportion of the hollow volume (for storing liquid) to the volume of the material that forms the fibers and (3) by the volume and rigidity provided by the large FDIL of the fibers. The novel fibers of the present invention may also contain channels which are larger than 400 microns. These characteristics provide the novel fibers with the ability to acquire, transport, and store a relatively large capacity of liquid, and to prevent the liquid from being expelled when the structure is compressed with moderate pressure. The "V" shaping notches and / or notches with wide bases can also be used for these purposes. The novel fiber of the present invention may also be coated with a superabsorbent polymer (PSA) to increase the ability of the fiber to absorb liquid. Preferably, the novel fibers are coated with up to 35 weight percent PSA. An additive, such as a surfactant, is preferably mixed with the PSA whereby the hydrophilicity of the mixture relative to pure PSA is increased. Preferably, the PSA is a copolymer of maleic anhydride and isobutylene. Preferably, the surfactant is a non-ionic ethoxylated fatty acid ester. These fibers coated with PSA are useful in absorbent structures which store permanently, whereas novel fibers without the PSA coating are useful for temporarily storing and distributing liquids. Surprisingly, the initial contact angle of the water in the PSA is high. For example, the contact angle of the water on the surface of the PSA of Example 6 is visually estimated at approximately 60 degrees. The contact angle of aqueous liquids in the PSA should be reduced in order to have sufficient adhesion tension between the aqueous liquid and the PSA to attract the liquid in and along the channels of the novel fibers. The PSA additive decreases the initial contact angle of an aqueous liquid on the surface of the PSA and improves the transportability of the aqueous liquid in the partially filled notches. The novel fibers can be used to handle a significant problem with the absorbent products of the prior art known as gel blocking. For example, PSA gel blocking occurs when high levels of PSA mixture are used with speck pulp of more than 30 percent PSA at high densities of more than 0.10 g / cc to make the currently popular thin disposable diapers. The selected novel fibers of this invention when mixed with PSA and pulp in mota will reduce gel blocking. The novel absorbent structures of the present invention, which function to temporarily acquire and distribute fluids, are made from an assembly of the novel fibers described above. The volume density of these temporary acquisition / distribution (AT) structures is similar to the volume density of the pulp in cellulose mote, which preferably has less than 0.15 grams per cubic centimeter. The function of temporarily acquiring fluids means that the AT structures can be desorbed by materials that have a greater thermodynamic attraction of the fluids than the AT structures themselves. Examples of desorbent materials for the purpose of increasing thermodynamic attraction include distribution materials, such as those described in U.S. Patent No. 5,200,248; 5,268,229 and 5,611,981 and in the co-pending United States application entitled "Beams of fibers useful for mobilizing liquids in high flows and acquisition / distribution structures using the bundles" filed on August 15, 1997; pulp in speck, pulp in chemically modified speck; materials that contain PSA. The structures AT preferably have an absorbance of at least 6 grams of water absorbed per gram of the material in the structure. AT structures are resistant to the release of liquid absorbed under pressure. Preferably, the AT structures have less than 50 percent, more preferably less than 30 percent, of water released in one pound per square inch (psi) of pressure. AT structures have a significant reduction in liquid lost under pressure when compared to a pulp in mote. Water collapse is typically a problem with pulp in cellulose mote, which has a water collapse of approximately 25 percent at a bulk density of 0.0393 g / ccm. The AT structures, however, have a water collapse at a bulk density of 0.0393 g / cc of less than 12 percent, more preferably less than 5 percent and still more preferably essentially zero. In another embodiment of the present invention novel fibers are used in absorbent structures to temporarily store fluids along the length of the fibers. The permanent storage (PA) structures comprise the novel fibers coated with PSA and, preferably, with a mixture of PSA and surfactant, as described above. It is coated with the PSA or mixed in or partially filling the channels. By using the mixture of PSA and surfactant, the length of the novel fibers is used in the storage of fluids within the fiber channels. The AP structures preferably have an absorbance of at least 20 grams of water absorbed per gram of the material in the structure, water release at 1 psi of less than 30 percent and a Ravg of more than 2.5 g / sec. The novel fibers of the present invention and those coated with PSA can be mixed or blended with speck in pulp, chemically treated speck in pulp, PSA or combinations thereof to provide additional structures for permanently storing fluids. Particular mixtures of the novel fibers of the present invention with speckled pulp provide a permanent storage structure that has a water collapse of less than 5 percent at a density of 0.393 g / cc. Disposable consumable absorbent products such as disposable diapers, feminine pads, adult incontinence devices using the novel fibers and AT and AP structures of the present invention are improved. For example, Figure 30 shows a plan view of a design for a female towel 300 having a central area 301 designed by a width 302 and a length 303. Various modalities of the female towel 300 are shown in Figures 31-33. using the novel structures of the present invention. As shown in Figure 31 the female towel 300 is designed such that the primary incidence zone 310 comprises a portion of an upper sheet 311, a structure 312 AT under the upper sheet, and a portion of a distribution layer 313 which is just above a sheet portion. 314 later. On the other side of the incidence zone 310 is a storage core 315. A protection strip 316 having the openings 317 is below the storage core and above the distribution layer 313. The distribution layer is above the distribution layer 313. the backsheet 314 and has a length 303, as shown in Figure 30.

The structure AT 312 is protected from communication with the storage core 315 by protection strips 318. Optionally, the structure AT can communicate with the core material 315 when opening openings in the protection strip 318 or not having any protective strip . The distribution layer 313 joins the area of incidence 310 with the outer areas of the core material 315 through the opening 317 of the protection strip 316. The design of the female towel of Figure 31 demonstrates the unique characteristics of the fibers novel and in particular the AT structures of the present invention. The upper sheet 311 of the female towel 300 is insulted by an aqueous fluid in the incidence zone 310. The structure AT 312 temporarily acquires the aqueous liquid of the upper sheet 311. The aqueous fluid in the AT 312 structure is desorbed by the distribution layer 313 and transferred to the storage core 315. At various points along the length of the storage core 315 designed by the openings 317 of the protection strip 316, The aqueous fluid is desorbed from the distribution layer to the storage core. This process of fluid handling allows numerous insults to the area of incidence since the AT structures are drained by the storage core, so it prepares AT structures for another insult. The process can be repeated until the storage core is saturated. This feminine towel design allows full utilization of the storage core and reduces spillage by providing a product that solves the problems associated with the prior art designs. This same basic design can be applied to disposable diapers and adult incontinence devices. Obviously, the size (volume) of the AT structure will depend on the type of absorbent product in which the AT structure is a component. In another embodiment, as shown in Figure 32, the distribution layer 313 is directly below the upper sheet 311 and has a length 303. The primary incidence zone 310 comprises a portion of the upper sheet 311, a portion of the distribution layer 313 below the upper sheet, and the structure AT 312 under the distribution layer 313 and just above a subsequent sheet 314. On the other side of the incidence zone 310 is the storage core 315. The protection strip 316 is below distribution layer 313. In still another embodiment, as shown in Figure 33, an AT 312 structure is directly below an upper sheet 311 along the total length of the upper sheet. A distribution layer 313 is below the structure AT 312 and above the protection strip 316. In this embodiment, there is no specified incidence zone. A storage core 315 is below the protection strip 316 and on top of a backsheet 314. The top sheet is insulted with an aqueous fluid, which is subsequently acquired by the AT structure. The aqueous fluid of the AT structure and the distribution layer are then desorbed to the storage core. The top sheet and the protection strip can be made of any conventional top sheet material such as perforated polyethylene film or a calendar attached to a spunbonded top sheet made of polypropylene fiber. The top sheet and the protective strip can also be made from other films and perforated polymer fibers. Preferably, the lower part of the upper sheet has a lower contact angle with the aqueous liquids than the upper part of the upper sheet. In another preferred embodiment, the top sheet of an apertured film with cut portions is made in the walls of the openings to provide spontaneous fluid inversion from the front of the upper sheet to the rear, as described in the Application for United States no. No. 545,450 filed October 19, 1995. The distribution layer is preferably fibers similar to those described in U.S. Patent No. 5,200,248; 5,268,229 and 5,611,981 and the co-pending United States application entitled "Beams of fibers useful for mobilizing liquids at high flows and acquisition / distribution structures using the bundles" presented on August 15, 1997. These fibers can be described as having either (a) a specific capillary volume of at least 2.0 cc / g and a specific capillary surface area of at least 2000 cm2 / g or a proportion of lightness, of at least 9 and at least 30 percent of intra channels fiber with a capillary channel width of less than 300 microns or (b) a specific capillary volume of less than 2.0 cc / g or a specific capillary surface area of less than 2000 cm2 / g and a lightness ratio of less than 9 or more 70% of intra-fiber channels with a capillary channel width of more than 300 microns. Preferably, the fibers described in (b) have a fiber volume factor of more than 4.0. Preferably, the fibers of the distribution layer have a specific surface force, which is determined mathematically by the following equation: (P? Cos (? A)) / d? 0.03 dynes / den where P is the perimeter of the section cross section of the fiber in centimeters (cm); ? is the surface tension of the liquid on the surface in dyne / cm; ? a is the front contact angle of the liquid on a flat surface having the same composition and ending as the surface of the fiber (as specified in U.S. Patent No. 5,611,981); • Cos (? A) is the adhesion tension of the liquid on the surface of the fiber; and d is the denier of the fiber in which P. is measured. The novel fibers which satisfy this inequality provide large driving forces to mobilize fluids. The storage core may be a speck pulp, chemically modified speck pulp, superabsorbent polymer, the AP structures of the present invention, or combinations thereof. The backsheet is typically made of polyethylene film. The fibers of the present invention can be made by several different processes. However, the following four sequences of steps are preferred to make the novel fibers. Process Sequence of stages 1. spinning, cutting, reduction, lubrication, packing 2. spinning, reduction, lubrication, cutting, packing 3. spinning, stretching, cutting, reduction, lubrication, packing 4. spinning, stretching, reduction, lubrication, cutting Packaging The spinning stage means conventionally extruding the molten polymer through the openings in a rotor forming shaped fibers. When the molten polymer is polyethylene terephthalate the extrusion is at a temperature of about 270 to 300 ° C. The viscosity of the molten polymer leaving the opening is preferably between 400 to 1000 poises. The spinning step also includes cooling the extruded polymer to form a fiber having a spun conformation, lubricating the fiber, and then transporting the fiber. The preferred transportation speeds (of yarn) are between 500 and 3500 meters per minute (m / min). Higher spin speeds may result in the start of the crystallization of the extrusion fiber. The crystallization reduces the capacity of the fiber to be reduced in the subsequent reduction stage and therefore inhibits the formation of structural distortions. Preferably, the spinning speeds are from 1000 to 1500 m / min and 2500 to 3200 m / min depending on the polymeric material used. Obviously the conservation of the cross section and the differences of the amorphous orientation within a cross section are important during the spinning of these fibers. Typically, relatively low melting temperatures, relatively high molecular weight polymers, relatively high halting rates and possible reduction of melting surface tension are used to produce the desired conformations and amorphous orientation differences. The cutting step means conventionally cutting the fibers. The cutting lengths of the novel fibers of the present invention are short compared to the conventional cutting lengths of textile PTE fibers, typically one and a half inches (3.81 cm). The lengths of the novel cutting fibers are from 2 to 37 millimeters (mm). The final lengths of the novel fibers are not necessarily the lengths of the fibers during the intermediate stages in the manufacturing process. For example, in the reduction-cutting processes (ie in the process involving the sequential stages of the primary reduction and then the cutting of the fibers), the fibers are cut to the desired lengths of between 2 and 37 mm. However, in the cutting-cutting processes (ie, in the processes involving the sequential stages of first cutting the fibers and then reducing the fibers), the fibers are cut to a length greater than the desired length and then reduced to the desired length. The reduction step occurs by subjecting the fiber as a spun or a stretched fiber to an environment having a temperature sufficient to effect reduction of the fiber to a denier of at least 5 percent, preferably 25 percent, more than the denier prior to The reduction. The reduction can be done as a modification of a conventional fiber textile process. The reduction stage differs depending on whether the process is either reduction-cut or cut-reduction. In the reduction-cutting process, the novel fibers are preferably formed in a tow. The fibers in the tow are then reduced. The tow is brought into the reduction environment at a first speed and removed from the environment at a second speed, which is slower than the first speed. For example, a water bath heated to a temperature between 70 and 100 ° C can be used to reduce the fiber. The fiber is constricted at both ends of the bath by rollers or drums in such a way that the fiber can not rotate freely. This reduction process is called rotationally constricted reduction. It is also possible to reduce the tow in steam or in a hot furnace. The pickup roller that pulls the fiber out of the reduction region has a lower surface velocity than the feed roller that supplies the fiber to the hot reduction region. This difference in delivery and uptake rates allows the fiber to be reduced in the hot reduction region. In the cutting-cutting process, the cutting of the novel fibers is carried out before the reduction of the fibers, the fibers are not constricted during the reduction process. The reduction can be carried out by immersing the staple fibers in a suitable environment for effecting the reduction, such as water, hot air, or steam. The cutting-reducing process is particularly suitable for high-speed operations in the order of between 2,000 and 3,500 meters per minute. The spinning, cutting and reduction are done consecutively and continuously. For example, a reduction cutting process can be designed to provide spin speeds of approximately 3000 meters per minute with corresponding high cutting speeds and with the completion of the reduction in a high speed turbulent hot air chamber with a residence time from 1 to about 30 seconds. As soon as the reduced fiber passes the turbulent hot air chamber, the reduced fiber falls into a bale for packing and transport. In an alternative reduction cutting process, the reduction stage does not occur immediately after the cutting step. For example, the product of the continuous cutting spinning process can be used to feed a papermaking machine. The reduction step can take place at the location of the papermaking machine. For this alternative example, it is preferred that the packaging material be in the form of rolled sheets. The lubrication step means applying a surface finish to the reduced fiber. The surface finish applied in the spinning step is often eliminated and another application is necessary. Any finishing application process can be used. Examples include applying the surface finish using sprayers, lubrication rollers, dosing struts, or even a hot water bath as used to reduce fibers. The surface finish is preferably a hydrophilic surface lubricant, which reduces the contact angle and / or increases the adhesion tension of an aqueous liquid with the surface of the fiber. The drawing step is optional and can be either a tow or conventional filament stretch stage of the type used to form the textile fibers, but which does not use heat setting. The main purposes of the drawing step are to reduce the denier per filament of the product, to increase the amorphous orientation differences within a cross section of the filament, and to increase the amorphous orientation of the polymer chains along the axis of the filament. fiber. In this way, by stretching the fiber before reduction, the reduction stage will tend to maximize the FDIC and / or FDIL. Stretching is performed under substantially amorphous retention conditions such that necessary distortions occur when the stretched structure is reduced. Due to the rotational constrained free reduction, the reduction processes cut tend to give relatively high values of FDIC and relatively low values of FDIL compared to the reduction processes. Referring now to the drawing, in particular to Figures 1-29, where like reference numbers designate identical or corresponding parts in all the various views, Figure 1 generally shows an orifice or shaping aperture H of a rotor on a scale 20 times the actual size of the hole. The width of the opening is approximately 84 microns. The opening extends along 4c + 4d of the "H" by 179 times the width W of the opening. The distance between the extremities 4b and 4c is 60. In addition, the base 4e extends from 2a to 2b, which is further between the two larger portions of the "H" conformation. The length of crossbar 4e of the opening is 71W. The openings of the shaping shown in Figure 1 are part of the rotor 1-1083 which is used to form the novel fibers of Example 1. Figure 2 shows a photograph 10 including the cross sections of spun fibers generally of "H" conformation. formed from rotor 1-1083. Photograph 10 in an amplification of 115 (115X) shows the cross section 11 of the forming fiber H which includes four extremities such as the tips 12a, a cross bar 12 b connecting the proximal ends of each of the extremities, and two projections 12c. The ends 12a of the cross section 11 are approximately twice as large as the cross bar 12b and have a length to width ratio of between about 8 and about 12. The channels 13 and 14 have approximately equal width, depth and area. Figure 3 shows seven cross sections of the novel fibers, each of which has a distorted "H" conformation. The structure 30 delimits the seven cross sections, which are taken each of the photographs at 111X. The cross section 33 is delimited by a polyhedron 31. The polyhedron 31 includes the segments 32a, 32b, 33c and 32d which define the polyhedron 31. Each of the segments 32a-32d is tangent to two points on the surface of the section transverse 33. The adjacent segments form an interior interior angle to the delimited area of the polyhedron 31, which is less than 180 °. The segments 32b and 32c are at point 34. The segments 32c and 32d are at the point of 35. Figure 3 shows that the cross sections of the novel fibers vary significantly due to the reduction process leading to the distortion factor of short range. Figure 4a shows a photograph 40 to 7X of the novel fibers 41a-41f of Example 1. There are two lines of numbers in Figure 4A. The top line of the numbers, including 7.74, 7.45, 7.49, 7.32, 8.17 and 7.76, are the measured values of the length along the main structure of the fibers 41a-41f. The lower line of numbers, including 6.8, 6.7, 6.8, 6.6, 7.0 and 6.9, are the measured values for the diameter of a circle circumscribing each of the fibers 41a-41f. All lengths and diameters are in millimeters and are the actual values of the novel non-amplified fibers. Figure 4B shows photograph 45 to 40X of the novel fibers of Example 1. The polymeric structure 46 includes the tip or wall 47 and the base 48. The azimuthal location of the tip 47 varies along the length of the main structure . The azimuthal angle of the limb 47 changes by 360 degrees along the length of the main structure 48 at a structure length of approximately 750 microns. Figure 5 shows a design drawing of an opening 50 of the rotor 1-1042 used in Examples 2 and 19. The opening 50 includes the ends 51a, 51b, 51c and 51d, a crossbar 52, and projections 53a, 53b. The width of the opening 50 is 0.100 mm. Each of the limbs 51a-51d has a length of 50. At the free end of 51a-51d, there is a circular diameter of 1.3. Each of the projections 53a, 53b has a length of 5. Cross bar 52 (which includes projections 53a and 53b) is 60W long. The lengths A, B, C, D have 25, 60W, 30 and 50W, respectively. Figure 6 shows a structure 60 that delimits portions of seven photographs at 285X each which shows a cross section of a novel fiber for Example 2. Figure 6 also shows the cross section 61 having an end 62 and a cross bar 63 The length of the limb 62 is between 30 and 40 microns. The width of the extremity 62 is between 5 and 10 microns. The length of the cross bar 63 is between 25 and 35 microns. The length-to-width ratio of the limb 62 is approximately 5. Figure 7A is a photograph 70 to 80X showing the novel fiber 71 of Example 2. The fiber 71 shows oscillations in the azimuthal location of the walls or limbs 72 having a Periodic length 73 which is approximately 112 microns. The main structure 74 of the fiber 71 is relatively linear in the 112 micron length scale of the oscillations at the azimuthal location of the wall or limb 72. Figure 7B is a photograph 78 showing novel fibers of Example 2 at 36X. Figure 7C is a photograph 79 to 7X showing three novel fibers of Example 2. The numbers 9.79, and 8.0 in Figure 7C correspond to the length along the main structure of the fibers shown on the left, middle and right sides of Figure 7C, respectively. The numbers 7.7, 6.0 and 6.0 shown in the lower half of Figure 7C correspond to the diameters of a circle circumscribing the fibers shown on the left, middle and right sides of Figure 7C, respectively. Fiber 75 has ends 76 and 77. All lengths and diameters are in millimeters and are the actual values of the novel non-amplified fibers. Figure 8 is a photocopy of portions of six 285X photographs, each showing cross sections of the novel fibers of Example 3. Figure 8 includes the edge 80 that delimits the views of the six cross sections 81, 82, 83, 84, 85 and 86. The lengths of the extremities shown in Figure 8 vary from about 24 microns to about 50 microns. The widths of the extremities shown in Figure 8 vary from about 7 to about 12 microns. The lengths of the cross bars connecting the ends on opposite sides of the distorted H-shaped cross sections are between about 14 and about 25 microns. Figure 9A is a photograph 90 to 7X showing the novel fibers 93a-93d of Example 3. Figure 9A shows numbers 7.72 and 6.50 corresponding to structure 93a, numbers 8.08 and 6.70 corresponding to structure 93b, numbers 8.20 and 7.10 corresponding to structure 93c, and numbers 8.56 and 6.80 corresponding to structure 93d. The upper and lower numbers in Figure 9A that correspond to each structure are the length along the main structure and the diameter of the circle circumscribing the structure, respectively. All lengths and diameters are in millimeters and are the actual values of the novel non-amplified fibers. Figure 9B is a photograph 94 to 40X showing the novel fibers 95 of Example 3.

Figure 10 is a 100 to 7X photograph of the novel fibers of Example 4. Figure 10 shows the novel fibers 103 having the ends 101 and 102. Figure 10 also shows the novel fibers 104. The novel fibers 103 and 104 have the length along its main structures of 16.05 and 17.35, respectively, and circumscription circle diameters of 9.6 and 9.3 respectively. All lengths and diameters are in millimeters and are the actual values of the novel non-amplified fibers. Figure 11 shows a structure 110 framing a design drawing of an opening 111 of a rotor. The opening 111 includes the ends 112, 113, the linear extension portions 115, 116, and the projecting portions 114a-114e of the circular section 114. The ends 112, 113 are circular in conformation with a diameter of 1.3 W. opening 111 includes the inner surface 118 of the extension portions 115, 116 and the circular section 114, which defines the channel 117. The width of the opening is 0.100 mm. The length of the extension portions 115, 116 are each 28.75. The angles between a normal portion to one of extension 116 and projection 114e is 30 °. The angles between each of the adjacent ones of the projection 114a -114e is 30 °. A radius of curvature of the circular section 114 is 18.4. Figure 12 shows a photograph 120 to 464X of fibers in a spun condition, which are spun from a rotor having the opening shown in Figure 11. The cross section 120a shown in Figure 12 has the ends 121, 122 from which the extended portions 124, 125 are extended. The cross section 120a also includes the projections 123a -123e and has the internal surface 127 that defines the channel 126. The extension portions 124, 125 are approximately 75 microns long. The width W of channel 126 in its mouth is approximately 55 microns. The projection portions 123a-123e project between 5 and 10 microns. A width of the extension portions 124, 125 in their middle sections is between 5 and 10 microns. Figure 13 shows the edge 130 that delimits portions of four optical photographs at 285X, each showing a cross section of a novel fiber of Example 12. Figure 13 shows the cross sections 131, 132, 133, and 134. transverse 132 actually contains the cross section 135, which is in register with the cross section 132. The cross section 131 shows a channel that is wider than the fiber channel before the reduction shown in Figure 12. The cross section 134 shows a channel that is much narrower than the fiber channel before the reduction in Figure 12. The cross section 133 is shown bounded by a polyhedron which includes segments connecting points 137 and 138. Figure 13 shows that The morphology of the channel shown in Figure 12 is highly distorted after the reduction process. Figure 14 is a 140 to 7X photograph of five novel fibers of Example 12. The novel fibers are 141a-141e. The lengths along the main structure of the five fibers have 7.71, 6.93, 7.18, 7.03 and 7.10 millimeters, respectively. The lengths of circumscribing circles of fibers 141a-141e have 6.9, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4 and 6.1 millimeters, respectively, all as shown in Figure 14. All lengths and diameters are in millimeters and are the actual values of the novel fibers not amplified. Figure 15 shows a 150 to 7X photograph of novel fibers of Example 13. The novel fibers are 151a-151e have lengths along their main structures of 4.87, 5.96, 5.55, 5.91 and 6.13 millimeters, respectively. and the diameters of circumscription circles of 3.8, 4.1, 4.8, 3.8 and 4.5, respectively, all as shown in Figure 15. All lengths and diameters they are in millimeters and are the actual values of the novel non-amplified fibers. Figure 16 is a schematic drawing design of an opening 160 of the rotor 1-1004. The conformation of the opening is called an "4DG" opening conformation. The numbers along the segments of Figure 16 indicate the relative length of each segment relative to the width W of the opening. The width of the opening is 0.100 mm. The angles between the segments in Figure 16 are really angles, not merely illustrative. The free end 161 of each segment is a circular hole with a diameter of 1.5W. Figure 17 shows a photograph 170 to 464X of cross sections of spun fibers of Example 14 having a cross sectional shape derived from the extrusion of the rotor 1-1004, the openings of which have the 4DG conformation. The conformation of the cross section shown in Figure 17 is called the cross-sectional conformation 4DG. The photograph 170 shows the cross section of fiber 171. The cross section 171 includes walls or limbs 172a-172h and a main structure or spine 173 defining channels 174a-174h. The length of the main structure or spine 173 is approximately 110 microns. The lengths of the walls or limbs forming the channels are in the range of about 15 to about 45 microns. The channel widths in its mouth are in the range of between about 20 and about 55 microns. The two channels at the end of the main structure or spine 173 have a "V" conformation. The remaining channels are defined by at least two walls and one base. E spectrum of each of the extremities or walls and the spine is between approximately 6 and approximately 10 microns. The two wider channels, channels 174a and 174e are defined, in addition to the two walls and base, by segments at an angle of approximately 45 degrees relative to the base and to the walls connecting the base to the walls. A better view of the segments connecting the base to the walls of the wider channels appears in the cross section 175. Figure 18 is a photograph 180 to 7X of the novel fibers 181a, 181b, and 181c of Example 4. The length along the main structure or spine for structures 181a-181c is 7.12, 7.10 and 7.56, respectively, and the diameter of the circle circumscribing structures 181a-181c is 6.4, 6.5 and 6.8, respectively, all as shown in photography 180. All lengths and diameters are in millimeters and are the actual values of the novel non-amplified fibers. Figure 19A includes an edge 190 that delimits the portions of three photographs at 282X, each showing a cross section of a novel fiber of 191a, 191b, and 191c of Example 15. The cross section 191b is enclosed by linear segments forming a polyhedron. Two of the linear polyhedron segments are at point 192 and two of the linear polyhedron segments are at point 193. Each linear segment is tangent to two points on the surface of the cross section. The linear segments form an interior angle to the polyhedron of less than 80 degrees.

The cross section 191a is identified by the number 36. The cross section 191b is identified by the number 46. The cross section 191c is identified by the number 2. Figure 19B includes an edge 195 that contains portions of two photographs at 285X, each one showing one of the cross sections 196a and 196b of the novel fibers of Example 15. The cross section 196a is identified by the number 35. The cross section 196b is identified by the number 12. Figure 20 shows a photograph 200 to 7X of the novel fibers 201a-201d of Example 15. The length along the main structure or spine of the structures 201a-201d is 4.40, 4.46, 4.41 and 3.69 mm respectively, the diameter of the circle circumscribing the structures 201a-201d is 2.9, 3.0, 2.6 and 2.2, respectively, all as shown in photo 200. All lengths and diameters are in millimeters and are the actual values of the novel fibers. amplified Figure 21a shows a plan view schematic of a shaping aperture design 210 for the rotor openings 215 (see Figures 21B) identified as 1-1195. The opening 210 includes the limbs 211a, 211b and 211c. The limbs 211a and 211c define an angle of 110 degrees between them. The limbs 211a and 211b define an angle of 125 degrees thereof. The limbs 211b and 211c define an angle of 125 degrees between them. The width of the opening is 0.067 mm. The lengths of each of the ends of the opening 210 have 150. Figure 21B is a schematic plan view of the rotor 215 identified as 1-1195 showing the ten shaping openings 210. The face 218 of the rotor includes the shaping opening Y 217 and the holes 216 in the rotor 215. Delimiting the The face of the rotor in the plan view in Figure 21b is the flanking surface 219 of the rotor 215. Figure 22 shows the photograph 220 to 115X showing the cross section 221 of a fiber as a spun of Example 20. The cross section 221 includes the limbs 222, 223, and 224, which have distal struts 225, 226, and 227. The limbs 224 and 222 are at the apex 228 and define an angle of more than 120 degrees. Extremities 222 and 223 are at apex 229 and define an angle of more than 120 degrees. The limbs 223 and 224 are at the apex 230 and define an angle of less than 120 degrees. The length of the limbs is in the range between about 216 and about 310 microns. The width of the extremities in the middle section is in the range between about 15 and about 20 microns. The extremities 223 and 224 have a slight concave curvature with each other. However, the alignment of each limb does not vary more than 60 degrees. That is, a line that is better aligned along any 100 micron long section of any of the limbs 223, 24, defines an angle of less than 60 degrees with any other line aligned along another section of 100. microns long of the same extremity. Figure 23 shows an edge 235 delimiting portions of four photographs at 11X, each showing one of the novel fibers 236, 237, 238 and 239 of Example 20. The cross section 236 shows three limbs 236a, 236b, and 236c. The angle defined by the portions of the limb 236a and 236c where those extremities are joined together is approximately 180 degrees. The two remaining angles defined by the portions of the extremities 236a, 236b and 236c where those extremities meet each have less than about 90 degrees. The lines aligned with the tips 236a and 236c sections 100 microns long thereof vary by more than 60 degrees. The cross section 237 includes limbs defining the vertices 240, 241, 242. The apex tips 238 define an angle of approximately 180 degrees. The tips of the vertices 239, 240, define angles less than about 120 degrees. The cross section 238 is shown enclosed in a polyhedron. The lengths of the extremities of the cross sections shown on an edge 235 are between about 210 and 350 microns. The widths of the extremities of the cross section shown at the edge 236 in the middle sections of the extremities vary between about 8 and about 16 microns. Figure 24 shows a photograph 245 to 7X of the novel fibers 246 and 247 of Example 20. The length along the main structure or spine of structures 246, 247 has 14.92 and 13.90, respectively. The diameters of the circles circumscribing structures 246 and 247 have 7.7 and 7.8, respectively. All lengths and diameters are in millimeters and are the actual values of the novel non-amplified fibers. Figure 25 is a schematic 250 of a design drawing of an opening in the rotor identified as 1-1198 used to make the novel fibers of Example 21. Opening 250 includes the two short ends 253 and 254 and the two long ends 251 and 252. The width of the opening is 0.067 mm. The length of the extremity 253 has 40W. The length of the limb 254 is 80. The length of the limb 251 has 196. The length of the limb 252 has 183W. Extremities radiate from a common point at 90 degrees relative to each other. The two short extremities form an angle of 90 degrees and the two long extremities form an angle of 90 degrees. Figure 26 is a photocopy of portions of six 115X photographs, each showing one of the cross sections 261a-261f of a novel fiber of Example 21. Each cross section contains two long ends and two short ends. The lengths of the short limbs vary from about 35 to about 70 microns. The lengths of the long limbs in their middle sections vary between approximately 8 and approximately 16 microns. The two short limbs are adjacent to each other with a non-long limb intervening between them. All four limbs extend from a common point in the cross sections, which means that four limbs extend from a common main structure or axis along the length of the structure. Figure 27 shows a photograph 270 to 7X of novel fibers 270a, 270b, and 271c of Example 21. The lengths along the main structure or spine of structures 271a-271c have 8.68, 9.33 and 7.35 mm, respectively. The diameter circumscribing structures 271a-271c has 7.1, 6.7, and 6.0 mm, respectively. All lengths and diameters are in millimeters and are the actual values of the novel non-amplified fibers. Figure 27B shows a 272 to 40X photograph of the novel fibers 273a, 273b, and 273c of Example 21. Figure 27B shows the length 274 of 200 microns in which the azimuthal orientation of the wall 275 appears to undergo a complete sinusoidal oscillation. in the azimuthal position. Figure 28A-B illustrates the definition of a volume factor of a fiber which is the cross-sectional area of the channels divided by the cross-sectional area of the fiber. Figure 28A shows a cross section 280 having a width and limbs 282A, 282B and 282C having distal struts 283A, 283B and 283C. Extremities 282A, 282B and 282C define the channel cross sectional areas 281A, 281B and 281C. The channel cross sectional areas 281A, 281B and 281C are defined by the linear line segments tangent to the distal struts of the limbs and the surfaces of the limbs. A determination, in arbitrary units, of the cross-sectional area of the channels provides an area of 225. A determination of the cross-sectional area of the fiber in the cross section 280 provides an area of 60. ThereforeThe volume factor of a fiber for the cross section 280 has 225/60 = 3.8. Figure 28B shows the cross section of the fiber 290 and the cross sectional area of the dotted channel 291. The determination, in arbitrary units, of the cross-sectional area of the channels 291 and the cross-sectional area 290 of the fiber provides 225 and 44, respectively, in arbitrary units. Therefore, the volume factor of a fiber for Figure 28B is 5.1.

Figure 29 is a schematic cross-section of a fiber (solid line) enclosed by line segments AB, BC, CD and DA (dashed lines) between points A, B, C and D. Line segments between points a, b, c and d enclose the channel regions Al, A2, A3, and A4. The ends 291 and 294 are at one end of the base 295. The ends 292 and 293 are at another end of the base 295. EXAMPLES Example 1 Example 1 describes the preparation of novel fibers which in the spun condition have cross sections of fiber in H conformation. Novel fibers are made using the "spin-reduced-lubricated-cut" process. Polyethylene terephthalate (TPE) polymer having an inherent viscosity (VI) of 0.70 with 0.2% Ti02 is used. The VI is measured at 25 ° C in a polymer concentration of 0.50 g / 100 millimeters (ml) in a mixture of 60 percent (wt%) phenol and 40 wt% tetrachloroethane. The polymer is dried at a moisture level of less than or equal to 0.003% by weight in a Patterson Conaform dryer at 120 ° C for a period of 8 hours. The polymer is extruded at 282 ° C through an Egan extruder 1.5 inches (38.1 mm) in diameter, with a length-to-diameter ratio of 28: 1. The fiber is extruded through a 38-hole rotor 1-1083, wherein each opening generally has the "H" conformation shown in Figure 1. The air-retaining system has a cross flow configuration. The stopping air velocity is approximately 103 feet / minute. A spinning lubricant is applied via a ceramic kiss roller. The level of lubricant in the fiber is approximately 0.50% by weight. The fibers of 23.9 dpf (26.6 dtex) spun are wound at 2200 meters per minute (m / min) on a Barmag S roller rSL. Figure 2 shows cross sections of the spun fibers of Example 1. The spun fibers have a shaping factor of 4.02. Thirty packages are made in the Barmag roller. The discovery time for each package is 5 minutes. The undrawn fibers are placed in baskets (all in 30 packs) and dried in a hot air dryer at 200 ° C for 5 minutes. The fibers are reduced in the dryer. A spinning lubricant is sprayed in an amount of 0.8% by weight into the tow after the tow has dried. Then, the fibers are cut to Á inches (0.63 cm) in fiber length. The resulting fibers are highly distorted and representative of novel fibers of the present invention. The composition of the spinning lubricant has a dispersion of solids in water of 10% by weight of the following composition: 98% by weight solids of polyethylene glycol (20) sorbitan monolaurate and 2% solids of 4-cetyl morpholinium-4-cetyl sulfate, 4- ethyl.

Figure 3 shows seven cross sections of the novel fibers at different positions along the length of the fibers. As apparent from Figure 3, the cross sections are highly variable. The reduction stage distorts the cross section. The distortion is characterized by (1) a short-range distortion factor (FDIC) and (2) a long-range distortion factor (FDIL). These distortion factors are measured by a method described later herein. Figures 4A and 4B show photographs of the fibers reduced and cut to a 7X and 40X magnification. The structural properties for the novel fibers of Figures 4A and 4B have a dpf of 33 (36.7 dtex); cutting length of the fiber = W (6.4 mm); the average length along the contour of the main structure L0 = 8.2 mm; average diameter of the circumscription circle L? = 6.9 m; FVUF = 2.7; FDIC = 26; and FDIL = 0.15. The absorbency characteristics for the novel fibers of Example 1 at a fiber volume density of 0.0393 g / cc are as follows: absorbency of 10.9 g of water / g of fiber; collapse by water of 0%; Release of water at a pressure of 1 psi of 26.8%; R (defined as the initial rate of water absorption after the first insult by the liquid in grams per second) of 21.7 g / sec; Ravg (defined as the average proportion of initial water absorption during the 2nd, 3rd, 4th 5th liquid insults, (R2 + R3 + R4 + R5) / 4) of 1.7 g / sec. The details of measuring these absorbance characteristics are discussed later. Figure 4A shows six individual fibers. The numbers on the top line are the measured values for the lengths L0 = along the main structure of the fibers to which they are adjacent. The numbers in the lower portion of the figure are the diameter Lx of the circle circumscribing the respective fiber. For example, the filament on the extreme left side of Figure 4A has L0 = 7.74; Lx = 6.8; therefore the factor DIL = (L0-L?) / L0 = (7.74-6.8) /7.74 = 0.12. Similarly, the FDIL is measured for 50 fibers averaged to obtain the average FDIL for staple fibers of Example 1 of 0.15. Figure 3 shows the cross sections of the materials of Example 1 to 111X. Each photograph of cross section is circumscribed by a polygon as for the procedure described for FDIC. The material area, Mare, is the cross sectional area of the polygon structure. For the cross section identified by number 2 in Figure 3, Marea = 4346 μ2. The channel area (Carea) is an area enclosed between the sides of the polygon the structure of the polymer. The cross section number 2, Carea = 8450 μ2. The Carea / Marea ratio for the cross-section number 2 is 1.94. The Carea / Marea ratio is calculated for 50 cross sections the average (av) strd deviation s are determined for the 50 measurements. The FDIC is defined to be a percent of the coefficient of variations of the cross-sectional area of the channels to the cross-sectional area of the material, or FDIC = (s / Xav) * 100. For the material of Example 1, FDIC is 26. Example 2 Example 2 describes the preparation of novel fibers having the conformation cross section H in the spun condition. These novel fibers are made via the "spin-stretch-reduce-lubricate-cut" process. The extrusion system is the same as in Example 1. The rotor identified as 1-1042 having 46 openings with the conformation dimensions as shown in Figure 5 is used. TPE having a viscosity of 0.76 is used. The extrusion temperature is 286 ° C. The stop air flow rate is 68 ft / min which corresponds to a P of 0.30 inches of water. The spinning lubricant is the same as in Example 1. The pick-up speed is 1800 m / min. The fiber as spun has a cross section conformation "H" the DPF is 11.2. 40 packages of 7 minutes of release time are made. The fiber conformation factor as spun is 2.96. The remainder of the fiber extrusion process is the same as described for Example 1. The spun fibers are further processed in a tow line. Forty ends are carried to a basket. The tow is stretched in a water bath at 70 ° C at a stretch ratio of 1.84X. The tow is fed to the water bath at 24.5 m / min the speed of the outlet drawing roller is 45 m / min. An air nozzle is used that draws water at 20 psi to remove excess water from the tow bundle. The tow is further processed to provide rotational constriction reduction through a hot air oven at a temperature of 196 ° for 3 minutes. The lubricant of Example 1 which contains 80% solids by weight 20% by weight of water after the dryer is sprayed. The fibers are cut to a fiber length of W via a cutting pattern 66. Figure 6 shows the cross section of these. Note the variations of the cross sections shown in Figure 6. Figures 7a, b c show optical photographs 80X, 36X and 7X of amplification for the reduced staple fibers for Example 2. The characterization of these materials is as follows: dpf = 9.8 (10.9 dtex); Cut fiber length = H inches (6.4 mm); Average length along the main structure, L0 = 8.3 mm; Av diameter of the circumscription circle, L = 6.7 mm; FVUF = 2.0, SRDF = 27; and FDIL = 0.18. The absorbency characteristics for Example 2 at 0.0393 g / cc density is as follows: Absorbency = 15.2 g H20 / g; collapse by water (%) = 1.7%: Water release at 1 psi = 30.4%; R1 = 25.1 g / sec; and Ravg = 0.7 g / sec. Example 3 Example 3 describes the preparation of novel fibers having a cross-section of H-shaped fiber in the spun condition. These materials are made via the "spin-reduction-lubrication." Process as in the Example 1. The extrusion system is the same as used in Example 1. The polymer used in this Example is TPE of 0.76 VI, the used rotor has conformation H 1-1083 with 38 holes. The extrusion temperature is 282 ° C. The stop air flow corresponds to 0.70 inches of water pressure drop (air velocity of 103 feet / minute). The spinning lubricant is the same as in Example 1. The pick-up speed is 22000 m / min. spin yarn = 24.8. the denier of the total package = 944. The factor of conformation of the fiber as spun = 3.28. The remainder of the fiber extrusion process is the same as described in Example 1. Thirty-nine packages are spun with a release time of 7 minutes. The spun fibers processed in a tow line are further processed. The fibers are reduced at 195 ° C for 5 minutes in the drying oven and cut to a length of Vm inches (0.64 mm). These novel fibers have a dpf of 55. Figure 8 shows the cross section of the novel fibers. Figure 9 shows the optical photography of the novel fibers at a magnification of 7X and 40X. The characteristics of the novel fibers are as follows: dpf = 55 (61.1 dtx); fiber length cut = M inches (6.4 mm); average length along the main structure L0 = 8.7 mm, average diameter of the circumscription circle, L? = 6.8 mm, FVUF = 1.6; FDIC = 32; and FDIL = 0. 20. The absorbance characteristics at 0.0393 g / cc are as follows: absorbance = 7.1 g H20 / fiber; collapse by water = ll.l%; water release at 1 psi = 26.4%; Rx = 15.5 g / sec and Ravg = 1.1 g / sec; EXAMPLE Example 4 shows the novel fibers of the present invention cut to a length of inches (1.27 cm) from the fiber. These novel fibers are made in Example 3 and cut to a length of A inches (1.27 cm) of fiber.

Figure 10 shows these novel fibers at 7X. The characteristics of the novel fibers are as follows: dpf = 55 (61.1 dtx); fiber length cut = 1/2 inch (617.7 mm); average length along the main structure L0 = 16.3 mm, average diameter of the circumscription circle, L? = 11.9 mm, FVUF = 1.9; FDIC = 29; and FDIL = 0.26. The absorbance characteristics at 0.0393 g / cc are as follows: absorbency = 6.6 g H20 / fiber; collapse by water = 0%; water release at 1 psi = 26.9%; R? = 12.9 g / sec and Ravg = 0.9 g / sec; E-example 5 (comparative) Example 5 shows the absorbency characteristics of the pulp in mote. The pulp in mota suffers from collapse by high water (25%) and release of high water under pressure (58.3% at 1 psi). The absorbance characteristics of the pulp in mote at 0.0393 g / cc density are as follows: the absorbency = 19.6 g H20 / fiber; collapse by water = 25%; water release at 1 psi = 58.3%; Ri initial proportion, first insult = 25.2 g / sec; and Ravg = 2.5 g / sec; EXAMPLE 6 The fibers of Example 6 are made using the novel fibers of Example 1 and a precursor solution of superabsorbent polymer (PSA). Available from Camelot Superabsorbents, Ltd., of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. United States Patent No. 5151,465 discloses uncured polymer compositions which can be made into fibers using conventional fiber-forming processes and hardened to produce fibers capable of absorbing at least 60 times their weight of 0.9% sodium chloride solution. The precursor of PSA is identified as Fibersorb Sa 7200, CTS-HMW. Based on Camelot MSDS and patents assigned to Camelot, the composition of the PSA precursor solution has approximately as follows. 74.5% by weight of water, 19.5% of Tradec Secret 4802-01, 5.0% by weight of sodium hydroxide, 0.6% of glycerol by weight and 0.4% by weight of Trade Secret 4803-02. The composition of Trade Secret 4803-01 is believed to be a copolymer of maleic anhydride and isobutylene of equal molar proportions of the two indicated monomers. The typical molecular weight of the copolymer is in the range of 200,000 to 300,000. The composition of Trade Secret 4803-02 is known, but similarly includes a second cross-linking agent which is the function of glycerol. Fifty grams of starting material reduced to 33 dpf is sprayed with 105 g of 5% PSA precursor solution obtained from Camelot. The starting material is sprayed with the PsSA solution and dried in an oven at 120 ° C for 60 minutes. The dried sample is further hardened at 195 ° C for 16 minutes. The hardened sample is mixed in a mixer and stored for absorbency test. This process to make novel fibers allows to coat the notches of the fiber with a superabsorbent polymer. Coating the notches with PSA helps the permanent storage and distribution of body fluids in absorbent products that use these novel fibers. The novel fibers theoretically have 5.25 g of PSA coated by 50 grams of the starting fiber or 9.5% of PSA coated in the final fiber. The results of the absorbance test at 0.0393 g / cc density for the final fiber are as follows: Absorbance = 20.9 g H20 / g; collapse in water (%) = 0%; water release at 1 psi = 29.1%; Rx = 5.2 g / sec; and Ravg = 5.9 g / sec. Example 7 The starting material For Example 7 are the novel fibers of Example 1. 210 grams of the Camelot 5% PSA precursor solution are sprayed into 50 grams of the starting material. The sprayed sample is dried in an oven at 120 ° C for 80 minutes and additionally hardened at 195 ° C for 16 minutes. The novel fibers theoretically result in 16.67% PSA coated in 83.33% base material. The novel fibers are mixed in a mixer and stored in plastic closure bags for subsequent absorbency testing. The results of the absorbance test at 0.0393 g / cc density are as follows: Absorbance = 26.1 g H20 / g; collapse in water (%) = 0%; water release at 1 psi = 20.7%; R? = 4.2 g / sec; and Ravg = 4.5 g / sec. Example 8 The novel fibers of Example 1 are used as the starting material. 535 grams of the 5% PSA precursor solution are sprayed on 50 grams of the starting material. The sprayed sample is dried at 120 ° C for 165 minutes and hardened at 195 ° C for 16 minutes. The novel fibers theoretically result in 33.3% PSA and 66.7% by weight of starting material. The novel fibers are mixed in a mixer and stored in plastic closure bags.

The absorbance of water is increased significantly as the amount of PSA is increased. The results of the absorbance test at 0.0393 g / cc density are as follows: Absorbance = 41.1 g H20 / g; collapse in water (%) = 0%; water release at 1 psi = 8.1%; Rx = 5.2 g / sec; and Ravg = 3.0 g / sec. Example 9 Mixture of speckled pulp and novel fibers of Example 1 (33 dpf, cross section H, cut H inch (0.64 cm)) are made in a mixer and the resulting materials are tested for absorbance behavior at a density of 0.393 g /DC. The mixtures are then tested: Composition of the mixture Pulp Materials Collapsed Absorban- Proportion Water in mota of the example by water cia (g H0 / initial Rl released to 1 (%) 1 (%) (%) g mixture after the 1st psi of charge insult g / s (%) 100 0 25.0 19.6 25.2 58.3 80 20 20.1 20.6 27.5 52.0 60 40 14.9 19.6 26.3 48.4 40 60 10.7 18.8 26.3 39.0 20 80 5.9 15.6 25.5 28.6 0 100 0.0 10.9 21.7 26.8 The collapse by water of mixed materials is significantly reduced when compared to the collapse by water of the pulp in mota. Also, the percentage of water released at 1 psi decreases significantly with increased levels of starting materials. EXAMPLE 10 The fibers of Example 10 are prepared using a reduced cutting lubrication process instead of the cutting reduction process of Example 1. Using spun fibers from Example 1 as starting materials, a spun sample of 23.3 dpf is made, cross section of conformation H at 3000 m / min spinning speed. The air velocity stop airflow of 112 feet / minute is made corresponding to a? P of 0.80 inches of water from rotors 1-1083. The rest of the parameters are the same as for Example 1. The fiber is cut as spun into LA, 1, 1 M and 2 inches (1.27, 2.54, 3.81, 5.08 cm) of fiber length (approximately 10 g each). length) . These cut samples are reduced in an oven at 170 ° C for 5 minutes and sprayed with approximately 1% of a spinning lubricant. The lubricant is a dispersion of 10% by weight solids in water of the following components: 10% by weight of poly (polyethylene glycol) terephthalate solution (1400), 44.1% by weight polyethylene glycol (400) monolaurate solids (ester) of oxyethylene fatty acid), 44.1% by weight solids of polyethylene glycol (600) monolaurate (oxyethylene fatty acid ester), and 1.8% by weight of 4-cetyl, 4-ethyl morpholinium ethosulfate solids (alkyl quaternary ammonium salt of inorganic ester). The reduction is approximately 50%. The results of the absorbency test for the fibers of the spinning reduction cutting lubrication process are shown below: Cutting length of Collapse by water Absorbance g / H20 / g fiber as spun% fiber X inches (0.64 cm) 2.4 13.2 1 inch (2.54 cm) 0 11.2 1 inches (3.82 cm) 0 12.2 2 inches (5.08 cm) 0 13.1 Example 11 The fibers of Example 11 are prepared using a stretched spinning process reducing lubrication cut . Fibers of 7 dpf having a cross-section of 4DG conformation are wound and brought to a tow line. Spinning fibers have a conformation factor of 2.9. The fibers are subjected to a two-stage stretch with the first stage which is in a water bath at 70 ° C having a stretch ratio of 1.75X and the second stage which is in a steam chest at 146 ° C which has a stretch ratio of 1.3X. the total stretch ratio is approximately 2.25 X. The stretched fiber is then cut to a fiber length of U inches (0.64 cm) and subsequently reduced by heat in an oven at 200 ° C for 5 minutes.

The physical characteristics of the novel fibers are as follows dpf = 6.5; FVUF = 0.5; FDIC = 26; FDIL = 0.31; L0 == 11 mm; and L? = 7.4 mm. The results of the absorbance test at 0.0536 g / cc density are as follows: Absorbance = 16.8 g H20 / g; collapse by water (%) = 0%; Water release at 1 psi = 44%; Rx = 9.2 g / s; Example 12 The conformation fibers U are extruded through the Exxtrusor Egan of the Example. The following spin parameters are used. The rotor used in Example 12 has 1-1127 having holes, each having the dimension shown in Figure 11. The TPE having 0.70 VI and 0.2% by weight Ti20 is extruded. The stopping air velocity is 114 feet / minute. The temperature of the extrusion is 3000 m / min. Fiber as a spun has a pfd of 19.9 and a conformation factor of 3.58. Fiber as spun is reduced by heat in a drying oven at 180 ° C for 5 minutes and then cut to a fiber length of M inches. Figure 12 shows the cross section of the fiber as spun. Figure 13 shows the cross section of the novel fibers resulting from the present invention. Figure 14 shows a photocopy of a photomicrograph of these novel fibers. Cutting fibers of M inches (0.64 cm) are tested for absorbance behavior at 0.0393 g / cc density with the following results: absorbance = 12.8 g H20 / g; water release at 1 psi = 60.5%; R? = 20.7 g / s and Ravg = 1.3 g / s. The structural properties of these fibers as follows: dpf = 28; FVUF = 0.8; FDIC = 66; FDIL = 0.11; L0 = 7.3 mm; and Lx6.5 mm. Example 13 In Example 13, the novel fibers obtained from the Example 12 cut to a length of H inches (0.64 cm) are further reduced in hot water to 90 ° C for 1 minute and dried in an oven at 120 ° C. The resultant fibers of novel fibers are fed into a mixer and are characterized for their FDIC, FDIL, and other parameters. These materials have a higher FDIL than the materials of Example 12. Figure 15 shows the photographs of the materials of Example 13 to 7X. The results are as follows: dpf = 33.3; FVUF = 1.7; FDIC = 46; FDIL = 0.29; and L0 = 5.4 mm; and Li = 3.8 mm. Example 14 Example 14 describes novel fibers having a cross-section of 4DG conformation. The 4DG shaping fibers are extruded through an Egan extruder used in Example 1 using a rotor 1-1004 whose openings are illustrated in Figure 16. The rotor 1-1004 has 16 openings. The spin parameters are then used in this Example 14. The TPE having 0.70 VI and 0.2% Ti20 is extruded. The extrusion temperature is 282 ° C. The detection airflow is 180 feet / minute. The spinning dpf is 19.9. The conformation factor is equal to 3.9. The fibers are processed as in Example 1, reduced by heat in a drying oven at 200 ° C for 5 minutes, and cut into materials of inches (0.64 cm) long. Figure 17 shows the cross section of the fiber of the fiber as the spun of Example 14. Figure 18 shows the resulting novel fibers of Example 14. The structural properties of the fibers of Example 17 are as follows dpf = 26; FVUF = 1.7; FDIC = 18; FDIL = 0.10; L0 = 7.3 mm;; and Lx = 6.6 mm. Example 15 In Example 15, the cut fibers are further reduced to U inches (0.64 cm) obtained from Example 14 in hot water at 90 ° C for 1 minute and dried in an oven at 120 ° C. The resulting novel fibers are formed in mote in a mixer and are characterized by their physical parameters. Figure 19 shows the cross sections of the fiber. The structural properties of the novel fibers of Example 15 are as follows dpf = 36; FVUF = 1.9; FDIC = 11; FDIL = 0.35; L0 = 4.4 mm;; and L? = 2.9 mm. Example 16 Example 16 describes that the addition of a surfactant to the PSA precursor solution increases the initial rate of water absorption, Rx, in these novel fibers. Example 6 shows that Ri for the novel fibers is 5.2 g / s, significantly less than that of the fibers of Example 1. The PSA solution of the coating Camelot precursor in the novel fibers of Example 1 reduces Rx. In this Example 16, LUROL 1852 is added to the PSA precursor solution before coating the base material of Example 1 with the PSA. LUROL 1852 is a non-ionic ethoxylated fatty acid ester obtained from Goulston Technology, Monroe, NC. The composition of LUROL 1852 is a trademark secret. Ten grams of the novel fibers of Example 1 are coated with a 5% solution in water containing 1 gram of the PSA precursor solution and 1 gram of LUROL 1852. The coated material is dried in an oven at 120 ° C for 50 minutes and hardens subsequently at 195 ° C for 15 minutes. The resulting novel fibers are tested for absorbance behavior. The initial water absorption ratio, Ri, after the first insult is 15.2 g / s. In this way, the addition of suitable surfactants to the PSA solution is a method to increase Ri in the novel materials. Example 17 Example 17 illustrates the utility of adding high levels of PSA powder to the novel fibers of the invention. This is particularly desirable for thin disposable diapers having high absorbent core density. Mixtures of the novel fibers of Example 1 (having 33 dpf and cross section H) are made with a superabsorbent polymer, Favor®, SXM70 from Stockhausen, which is a salt of crosslinked polyacrylic acid in a laboratory mixer at several levels of mixing as shown in Table 1. The above mixing materials are tested for the absorbency behavior at 0.1118 g / cc density and the results are shown in Table 1. Table 1 Absorbency behavior of AT and PSA mixtures at 0.118 g / cc of density No. s PSA% (by Absorbency g Water Collapse Rl Ravg weight) water / g mixture by water released% g / sg / s (%) in 1 psi of 10.3 -50 0.3 20.4 2.6 30 13.1 -70 0.6 20.6 2.8 40 13.1 -70 0.04 20.5 3.0 50 12.9 -64 1.3 21.6 2.5 60 15.3 -80 0.96 18.5 2.7 70 16.7 -94 0.83 18.5 2.6 0 8.6 -10 4.5 33.2 5.2 A Negative number for collapse by water implies that the structure really "expands" after the "moistened". Note that the relatively low percentage of water release at a load of 1 psi. Example 18 Example 18 describes a process for making novel fibers by a spinning process reducing lubrication. In Example 18, the fiber is spun at relatively high speeds of more than 1500 m / min. The high stop air velocity is used. This is a continuous process in which the fiber is cut to small fiber lengths and in a continuous form they are reduced in hot air (> 80 ° C) and sprayed with hydrophilic lubricants. The resulting materials are highly folded, reduced, small-cut materials. Example 19 Example 19 illustrates novel fibers of the present invention made by spinning process reducing lubrication cutting. The extrusion system of Example 1 is used. The TPE polymer is dried at a moisture level of less than or equal to 0.003% by weight in a Patterson Conaform dryer at 120 ° C for a period of 8 hours. The TPE polymer having a VI of 0.76 is extruded. The polymer is extruded at 283 ° C through an Egan extruder using a 1-1042 rotor. The rotor opening design 1-1042 is shown in Figure 5. The fibers are stopped with air at 120 feet / minute. The pickup speed is 2500 m / min, spinning dpf is 8.8. The fiber conformation factor is 3.0. The spun fibers are cut into fibers of A inches (1.27 cm) long in hot water at 90 ° C for 2 minutes. The resulting fibers are dried in an oven at 120 ° C and formed in a mote in a laboratory mixer. They are then sprayed with the lubricant of Example 10. The final lubrication in the fiber is about 0.8% by weight of the fibers. These fibers are allowed to air dry at room temperature (approximately 23 ° C) for 16 hours. The physical characteristics of the resulting novel fibers are as follows: dpf = 20.5; FVUF = 1.5; FDIC = 25; FDIL = 0.20; L0 = 6.4 mm;; and L? = 5.1 mm. The absorbency characteristics of the novel fibers at 0.0393 g / cc are as follows: absorbency = 14.2 g H20 / g; water release at 1 psi = 32.5%; Rx (g / s) = 20.8; and Rav9 = 1.9 g / s. EXAMPLE 20 The Example describes the novel fibers having a Y-shaped cross-section. The Y-forming product is made via a "spinning reduction-lubrication cutting process using the following parameters: The TPE having a VI of 0.76 is extruded through of an Egan extruder system described in Example 1, but using rotor 1-1195 having the shaping openings Y shown in Figure 21 A. The polymer is extruded at 282 ° C through an Egan extruder. TPE polymer at a moisture level of less than or equal to 0.003% by weight in a Conaform Patterson dryer at 120 ° C for a period of 8 hours.The air speed of stopping is 65 dpf and a conformation factor of 5.0. The fiber is cut as spun to inches (1.27 cm) long and reduced in hot water to 95 ° C. The cut materials are dried, reduced in an oven at 120 ° C. The fiber is then lubricated with the lubricant of Example 10, at a level of 0.8-1.0% in weight The novel fibers obtained in this way are highly distorted and folded. Figure 22 shows a cross section of fiber of spun fibers of Example 20. Figure 23 shows cross sections of the novel fibers of Example 20. Figure 24 is a photograph of novel fibers of Example 20 to 7X. The measured physical properties of the conventional fibers of Example 20 are as follows: dpf = 132; FVUF = 4.0; FDIC = 36; FDIL = 0.49; L0 = 14.4 mm; and L? = 7.2 mm. The absorbency characteristics of the novel fibers at 0.0393 g / cc are as follows: absorbency = 8.9 g H20 / g; water release at 1 psi = 22.8%; Ri (g / s) = 16.7; and Ravg = 1.2 g / s. Example 21 Example 21 describes the preparation of novel fibers having cross sections as shown in Figure 25. Example 12 uses the polymer TPE of VI 0.76 with 0.2% Ti02. The Egan extrusion system of Example 1 is used to extrude at 280 ° C the polymer dried in Example 1 through rotor 1-1198 having 11 holes the design of which is shown in Figure 26. The air velocity of detention is 68 feet / min. The spinning lubricant is the same as in Example 19. The level of the fiber lubricant is about 0.8% by weight. The spun fibers of 25 dpf are wound at a speed of 2500 m / min on a Barmag SQ4SL wind machine. The fiber shaping factor is 4.6. The fibers are cut as spun into approximately% inch (1.27 cm) long fibers, reduced in hot water to 90 ° C for one minute and dried in an oven at 120 ° C. The resulting materials are sprayed with the lubricant of Example 10 (0.8% by weight) and dried overnight. Figure 27 shows optical photographs of resulting materials at a magnification of 7X and 40X. The physical characteristics of the novel fibers are characterized as follows: dpf = 50.3; FVUF = 3.1; FDIC = 32; FDIL = 0.23; L0 = 8.7 mm;; and L? = 6.7 mm. The absorbency characteristics of the novel fibers at 0.0393 g / cc are as follows: absorbency = 10.9 g H20 / g; collapse by water = 3.3%; water release at 1 psi = 28.2%; Ri (g / s) = 21.7; and Ravg = l • 9 g / s. TEST PROCEDURES The absorbent property parameters used in the present invention include the following: a. Absorbency, which is measured in grams of distilled water absorbed per gram of absorbed material. b. Collapse by water, which is the percentage decrease in the height of the absorbent material after moistening. c. Released water, which is the percentage of water that has been absorbed by the absorbent material that is released when the absorbent material is placed under a pressure of one pound per square inch (psi). d. Ri, which is the initial water absorption ratio after a first wet or insult of the absorbent material, and which is measured in grams of distilled water absorbed per second. and. Ravg which is the average initial ratio after two to five contacts or insults from the absorbent material (ie, (R2 + R3 + R4 + R5 / 4), and which has units of gram per distilled water absorbed per second. the parameters using a basket of porous wire in which the absorbent materials are placed.The basket is made of wire wire of 0.008 inches in diameter that has a mesh size of 20. The wire basket has a cylindrical wall that has a diameter of 6 centimeters The height of the wall is 10 centimeters.The bottom of the basket is flat.The wire basket can be used to measure absorbent properties of any of the absorbent materials such as pulp in speck, synthetic absorbent materials, such such as those described hereinabove, PSA, and mixtures of the above.The absorbent materials are prepared for deposition in a wire basket first by forming them into mot a in a laboratory mixer. This stage enlarges and uniformly mixes the absorbent material. Then, a predetermined weight is deposited, x grams of the absorbent material in mota in the wire basket. The absorbent material can then be pressed in such a way that it fills a specific volume of the wire basket in order to provide a specific and uniform density. Typically, 10 grams of the absorbent material is placed in mota in the basket. Then, the initial height of hi in centimeters of the absorbent material in the basket is measured, and the dry weight of the absorbent material and the basket is measured. Afterwards, 355 millimeters of distilled water are emptied into a rectangular container having dimensions at the bottom of 20.6 centimeters by 23 centimeters. The size of the base and that volume of distilled water fills the container up to 0.75 centimeters above the base. The height of the liquid above the base is the important factor, in this stage, since the height of the liquid above the base indicates how much of the basket will be immersed in distilled water in the next stage.

Then, the basket is placed in the distilled water container for two seconds and then removed from the distilled water container. The basket is suspended for 10 seconds in order to allow the distilled water that is not retained by the absorbent material to drain from the basket. Ten seconds after the basket is removed from the liquid, the basket is weighed. Determine the differences between the weight of the basket with the dry absorbent material and the weight of the basket with the wet absorbent material 2. Rx is determined. Ri equals W2 (in grams) divided by 2 (in seconds). Ten minutes after the first insult, the process of placing the basket in the distilled water container for two seconds is repeated, suspended in the basket for ten seconds, and then the basket is weighed. The weight of the water taken during the second insult is recorded (above the weight of water taken during the first insult) W3-. The proportion of water taken during the second insult R2 is then calculated. R2 equals 3 (in grams) divided by 2 (in seconds). The third insult occurs ten minutes after the second insult. The same procedures are followed to determine R3. Similarly, R4 and R5 are determined by repeating the steps to determine the weight of water taken by a second insult with water at ten minute intervals. The total water absorbency is determined by the following procedures. Distilled water is placed in a container of distilled water to a height of approximately 15 centimeters. The basket containing the absorbent material is immersed in this container of distilled water for ten seconds. The basket is slowly removed from the distilled water container in order to avoid any accelerating forces. In this way, the basket is removed from the liquid for a period of between approximately 0.5 and 5 seconds. The basket is suspended in such a way that it can drain for 30 seconds. After 30 seconds, the basket is weighed and the weight of the total water taken is determined. The total water absorbency is then calculated as the grams of water absorbed divided by the grams of the dry absorbent material. Then, the height (average) of the absorbent material in the basket h2 is measured. That is, if the absorbent material no longer has a uniform upper surface, an estimate of the average height of the upper surface is made. Then the collapse is calculated by water based on the initial height hi of the upper surface before the moistened and the average height of the surface h2 after wetting. The collapse by water is defined as a percentage change in height as [(h? -h2) / hx] per 100. The weight of the water released (1 psi) is determined by the following procedure.

The basket with the absorbent material is immersed for ten seconds in distilled water using the same procedure for the determination of total water absorbency discussed above. After suspending the basket of water for 30 seconds, a weight of 1991.5 grams is placed on top of the absorbent material in the basket for ten seconds. The load of 1991.5 grams is a pressure of one pound per square inch. The 1991.5 grams weight is removed from the basket and the basket is weighed in order to determine the weight of the water absorbed after a load of one pound per square inch has been applied. The percentage of water released due to a pressure of 1 psi is then calculated, such as 100 times the weight of the water released after the divided load has been applied by the weight of the water absorbed before the load is applied. PARAMETERS OF FIBER LIKE YARN Conformation factor The conformation factor is the average of the measurements in 20 cross sections of a fiber. The conformation factor is a measurement of the deviation of the cross section of the fiber from the round. A fiber of round cross section has a conformation factor of one. Unevenly shaped cross sections have conformation factors of more than one. The mathematical upper limit of the conformation factors (which is not physically possible) is infinity. The conformation factor is defined as the proportion of the perimeter, Pi, of the fiber cross section of the polymeric material to the hypothetical perimeter of P2, of a fiber of round cross section having the same cross-sectional area, A, as the hypothetical material. Therefore, the conformation factor is defined as Px divided by the square root of (4pA) • Specific capillary volume (VCE), specific capillary capillary surface area (ACSE), lightness proportion (PL), capillary channel width. The following procedures are useful for the determination of parameters used to determine rotated fibers and are taken literally from U.S. Patent No. 5,200,248 at column 27 line 45 to column 30 line 12 and column 35 line 63 to column 35 line 59. The procedures may require preparation of structures of various lengths, some of which may exceed the length of the structure actually proposed for use. It is understood that any structures shorter than the lengths required by the procedures are evaluated at the base of the equivalent structures that have length requirements indicated in such procedures, except when they are otherwise specifically provided. The specific units can be suggested in connection with the measurement and / or calculation of parameters described in the procedures. These units are provided for example purposes only. Other units consistent with the intention and purpose of the procedures may be used. The procedure used to determine the Specific capillary surface area (ACSE) and the specific capillary volume (VCE) of a capillary channel structure to a photomicrograph which shows a representative cross section of the capillary channel structure. The cross section of the structure for photomicrography is prepared by embedding and microtome techniques known to those skilled in the art. The following equations are used: (1) ACSE = sum over x = 1 ai, from Px / pAs, (2) VCE = sum over x = 1 to 8, from AVx / pAs, (3) Where: P = density of the solid (i.e., polymer); As = area of the cross section of the solid of the capillary channel perpendicular to the axis of the capillary channel which joins those capillary channels within the scope of criteria (a) and (b). The sum x = 1 to i of Px = the sum of the perimeters of the cross section of the solid forming each of the capillary channels, x, where each perimeter Px joins the capillary channel and is within the theoretical closure provided by Cx; The sum on x = 1 to i of Avx = the sum of the hollow areas of the capillary channel structure where Ava is calculated as the area bound by the perimeter of the solid that forms the channel and by Cx; and Where i is the number of capillary channels in the structure, x refers to specific capillary channels of a capillary channel structure and Cx corresponds to that part of a circle which is convex towards the interior of the channel and which is of a selected diameter enclosing each capillary channel, x, where the circle Cx, is dimensioned and positioned according to the following criteria: (a) the circle, Cx / is tangent to both walls of the capillary channel x, at the points where it meets the walls; and (b) for each capillary channel, x, the circle Cx that meets (a) maximizes Avx for each such channel, x, subject to the limitations that: (i) the tangential lines to the intersection of Cx and the walls of the channel capillary intersect to form an angle of 120 degrees or less; and (ii) Cx may have a radius of no more than about 0.025 cm with respect to the actual scale of the capillary channel structure (the radius of the circle will be extended by the same amplification factor applied to the actual structure in the photomicrograph) . For capillary channel structures having capillary channel wall fluid exchange holes, the effect of VCE and ACSE will generally not have meaning due to the thin walls of the capillary channel structures herein, and can generally not be taken account in the calculations. For channels that have multiple tangency points with a circle of maximum radius, as provided above, the circle is positioned to maximize the cross-sectional area (Av) of the channel. For capillary channel structures having variation in the size or conformation of the cross section, sufficient cross sections can be evaluated to provide an average representative weight of VCE and / or ACSE. However, if any portion of the linear length structure (in the axial direction of the capillary channels) of at least about 0.2 cm, preferably at least about 1.0 cm, has a VCE and ACSE within the ranges claimed in FIG. present, such a structure is that which comprises a capillary channel structure of the present invention. For capillary channel sheets, particularly those with capillary channel bases of relatively large width, a representative sample of the product having a fraction of the total width of the base can be replaced instead of the total cross section of the sheet. Such a fractional sample of the sheet preferably has a width of at least about 0.5 cm. The purpose of VCE and ACSE as defined above, is to provide quantitative analysis of the structures characterized by open capillary channels. It is conceivable that such structures may have solid portions, appendices, and the like, which otherwise contribute to the definition of capillary channels in this procedure. The above criteria will exclude the hollow perimeter and area corresponding to such non-functional portions of the structure from the calculations. Also, the cross sectional area of non-functional solid elements in the calculation of As is not included. The exclusion of such perimeters and areas of cross sections is exemplified in more detail. Figure 34 exemplifies a capillary channel structure fragment 800 and the application of the VCE and ACSE procedure thereto. The fragment 800 of the solid (ie, the polymer) having hollow areas of the capillary channel Avi, Av2, Av3, Av4 / with corresponding capillary channel perimeters Px, P2, P3, P and theoretical enclosing circles Ci, C2 is shown. , C3 and C4. Circles C5 / C6, C7 are also shown. The radii ri-, ri--, r2-, r2--, r3-, r3--, r-, r4-, r5-, r6-, r7-, are each perpendicular to the line tangent to the puuntos de intersection mx-, mi--, m2-, m2", m3-, m3-, m4-, m4--, m5 m6 m7, respectively, between the corresponding circles, Cx, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6 / C67, and the solid material of fragment 800. Circles Ci, C2, C3, and C4 are extracted, to meet the above criteria, as can be seen circles Ci and C2 are limited in radius rx, r2 in the angles yx y2 which represent angles of 120 degrees of intersection between the tangent lines ti ', ti--, and between t2-, t2 - respectively Avx, Av2, Av3, and Av4, are the areas joined by perimeters P1 (P2, P3 and P4 and the curves cci, cc2, cc3, and cc4, respectively Circles C3 and C4 represent the circle of maximum size for the capillary channel, where the angle of intersection of the lines drawn tangent to the circle at points m3 ' , m3--, and m4, and m4-, resp ectively, it may be less than 120 degrees. In this way, as shown in this example figure, circles C3 and C4 can each have a radius of 0.025 cm, after reduction for amplification effects. The perimeters are determined as the length of the solid junction inside the channels between the points of intersection between the circle and the solid for each channel. C5, Ce and C7 represent circles of maximum radius applied to portions of the structure which do not qualify as capillary channels according to the criteria of this procedure. Therefore, P and Av for these circles can be zero. As you can see the perimeters Pl t P2, P3 and P4 and the curves cci, cc2 / cc3 and cc4, the area of the solid between m4 'and m4"can be included within As since such solid corresponds to the walls of the capillary channel linking the channels within the criteria for Av in the calculation of VCE and ACSE, the areas Ax3 'and Ax3-- which are linked by linear extensions of the radii r3", r3-, (the radii that are perpendicular to the line of tangency between the circle C3 and the walls of the channel), are not included in As. Similarly, the radius r4-truncates to the area Ax4 the calculation As based on the extension of r4'of the circle C4. The ratio of lightness (S), width of the capillary channel (ACC), and thickness of the average structure (tavg) are determined according to the procedures as follows. The procedures are implemented based on the photomicrograph of a microtome cross-section representative of the capillary channel structure, as previously described. For capillary channel structures that vary in the ratio of lightness, width of the capillary channel and thickness of the average structure in the axial direction of the capillary channels, sufficient cross sections must be evaluated to provide a weight average weight ratio , width of the capillary channel and / or thickness value of the average structure. If, however, any portion of this linear length structure in the axial direction of the capillary channels of at least about 0.2 cm, preferably at least about 1.0 cm, has a ratio of lightness, capillary channel width, and / or average structure thickness value within the ranges herein, then such structure may comprise a capillary channel structure of the present invention. Reference is made to Figure 35 for example purposes of the procedures. The following equations are used: S = L2 / 4Ast Tavg = 2As / L Where L = total solid perimeter of the cross section of the structure; and Ast = total area of the cross section of the solid that forms the structure perpendicular to the axis of the capillary channel. The above equation for the proportion of lightness treats the fiber under consideration as if it had a channel-forming wall therein. For channel fibers that have a functional portion where one or more of the channels are present, the formula for proportion (S) of lightness can be given as follows: S = L2 / 4AstN Where L and Ast are as defined previously in the present and N = number of walls of the channel in the structure, the walls that are those that have, one or both sides, the channels that are enclosed by linear closing cords. CCW is the length of the linear closing cord of a capillary channel where the cord encloses the intra-capillary capillary channel and which is in tangential contact with the points of intersection with the walls of the canal capillary channel in such a way that it maximizes the volume of the channel. (Portions of the structure which do not contribute to open channels enclosed by linear closing cords should not be taken into account before the previous calculations). Figure 35 shows, for example purposes, a cross section of a capillary channel structure 900 having cords Wl, W2, W3, W4, W5 and W6 for capillary channels Cl, C2, C3, C4, C5, and C6, respectively, in this way N = 6. Figure 35 also indicates the region corresponding to the total cross-sectional area Ast and indicates the solid line Pi, the length of which is the total perimeter L. Xa-XP indicate tangent points of the strings and the cross section.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. A distorted, bulky synthetic polymeric fiber characterized in that it comprises: (a) a length of the fiber between 2 and approximately and approximately 37 millimeters, (b) a cross section having a plurality of conformations varying along the length of the fiber length, (c) a fiber volume factor between 0.5 and 10.0, (d) a short-range distortion factor greater than 5, and (e) a long-range distortion factor between 0.05 and 0.9.
2. The fiber according to claim 1 characterized in that the length is between 2 and 19 millimeters.
3. The fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that the volume factor of a fiber is between 0.5 and 4.0.
4. The fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that the volume factor of a fiber is between 1.5 and 7.5.
5. The fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that the short-range distortion factor is between 5 and 70.
6. The fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that the short-range distortion factor is between approximately 18 and approximately 36.
The fiber according to claim 1 characterized in that the long interval distortion factor is between about 0.10 and about 0.60.
The fiber according to claim 1 characterized in that the long interval distortion factor is between about 0.10 and about 0.49.
9. The fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that the fiber has a denier between 3 and 100.
10. The fiber according to claim 1 characterized in that the fiber has a denier between 3 and 30.
11. The fiber of compliance with claim 1 characterized in that at least the cross section along the length of the fiber has a distorted "H" conformation.
12. The fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that at least the cross section along the length of the fiber has a distorted "Y" conformation.
The fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that at least the cross section along the length of the fiber has a distorted "+" conformation.
The fiber according to claim 1 characterized in that at least the cross section along the length of the fiber has a distorted "U" conformation.
15. The fiber according to claim 1 characterized in that at least the cross section along the length of the fiber has a distorted conformation, the anterior to the distorted conformation is substantially as shown in Figure 17.
16. The fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that it also comprises a coating of a superabsorbent polymer.
17. The fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a coating of a mixture of superabsorbent polymer and surfactant.
18. The fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that it is formed of a heat reducible polymer.
19. The fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises polyethylene terephthalate.
20. The fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises polystyrene or foamed polystyrene.
21. The fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross section and a surface composition of the fiber satisfy the inequality: (Pycos (? A)) / d > 0.03 dynes / den; where P is the perimeter of the cross section of the fiber in centimeters, and is the surface tension of a liquid in dynes per centimeter,? a is a front contact angle of the liquid measured on a plant surface made of the same material as the fiber and that has the same surface treatment and d is a denier of fiber in grams of fiber per 9000 meters of fiber.
22. The fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that they also have an adhesion tension at the fiber surface of more than 25 dynes / cm with distilled water as measured on a flat surface made of the same material as the fiber and that It has the same surface treatment.
23. An absorbent structure for acquiring and temporarily distributing a fluid characterized in that it comprises a plurality of fibers according to claim 1 in proximity to each other.
24. The absorbent structure according to claim 23 characterized in that it has a collapse by water of less than 12 percent at a bulk density of 0.0393 g / cc.
25. The absorbent structure according to claim 24 characterized in that the collapse by water is less than 5 12 percent.
26. The absorbent structure according to claim 25 characterized the collapse by water is essentially zero.
27. The absorbent structure according to claim 23, characterized in that the structure has a volume density of less than 0.15 grams per cubic centimeter.
28. The absorbent structure according to claim 23 characterized in that it has an absorbance in grams of water absorbed per gram of material greater than about 6 and water release at 1 psi of less than about 50 percent.
29. The absorbent structure according to claim 28 characterized in that the water released at one pound per square inch of pressure is less than about 30 percent.
30. An absorbent structure for permanently storing a fluid characterized in that it comprises a plurality of fibers according to claim 1 mixed with pulp in mote., pulp in chemically modified mota, superabsorbent polymer or combinations thereof.
31. The absorbent structure according to claim 30, characterized in that it has a volume density of more than 0.10 g / cc.
32. The absorbent structure according to claim 31, characterized in that the superabsorbent polymer is present in an amount of more than 35 weight percent.
33. An absorbent structure for permanently storing a fluid characterized in that it comprises a plurality of the fibers according to claim 1 mixed with pulp in mota having a collapse by water of less than 5 percent at a density of 0.0393 g / cc.
34. An absorbent structure for permanent storage characterized in that it comprises a plurality of fibers according to claim 17 in proximity to each other.
35. The absorbent structure according to claim 34, characterized in that it has an absorbance in grams of water absorbed per gram of material of more than about 20, water release at 1 psi of less than 30 percent, and a Ravg of more than 2.5 g / s.
36. The absorbent structure according to claim 34, characterized in that it comprises pulp in mote, pulp in chemically modified mota, superabsorbent polymer, or combinations thereof.
37. An absorbent product selected from the group consisting of a disposable diaper, a female towel, and an incontinence device characterized in that it comprises the fibers according to claim 1.
38. An absorbent product selected from the group consisting of a disposable diaper, female towel, and an incontinence device characterized in that it comprises the absorbent structure according to claim 23.
39. An absorbent product selected from the group consisting of a disposable diaper, female towel, and an incontinence device characterized in that it comprises the fibers of according to claim 17.
40. An absorbent product selected from the group consisting of a disposable diaper, feminine towel, and an incontinence device characterized in that it comprises the absorbent structure according to claim 34.
41. A process for making a fiber synthetic polymer, distorted, vo luminous characterized in that they comprise the steps of: (a) Extruding a molten polymer from an aperture of a rotor to form an extruded polymer, the aperture having a non-round conformation; (b) Cooling the extruded polymer to form a fiber having a cross-sectional shape as a spun; (c) Lubricate the fiber; (d) Transport the fiber at a speed between 500 and 3500 meters per minute; (e) Form the fiber into a tow; (f) Reduce the fiber by arranging the tow in an environment that has sufficient temperature to effect reduction of the fiber to form a reduced fiber having a reduced denier at least five percent greater than a reduced denier, where it is supplied to the fiber. environment at a first speed and is removed from the environment at a second speed which is less than the first speed; and (g) Cutting the reduced fiber to form a reduced cut fiber. Where the cut reduced fiber has a length of between 2 and approximately 37 millimeters, a fiber volume factor between 0.5 and 10.0, a short interval distortion factor of more than 5, and a long interval distortion factor between 0.05 and 0.9.
42. The process according to claim 41 characterized in that the transportation stage is at a speed between 1000 and 1500 meters per minute.
43. The process according to claim 41 characterized in that the transportation stage is at a speed between 2500 and 3200 meters per minute.
44. The process according to claim 41 characterized in that in the reduction stage, the environment is a water bath at a temperature between 70 and 100 ° C.
45. The process according to claim 41 characterized in that in the reduction stage, the reduced denier is at least twenty-five percent greater than the pre-reduced denier.
46. The process according to claim 41 characterized in that it further comprises, prior to reduction, the step of stretching the fiber under substantially amorphous retention conditions to form a stretched fiber.
47. The process according to claim 41, characterized in that it also comprises, before cutting, the step of lubricating the reduced fiber.
48. The process according to claim 41 characterized in that it further comprises, the steps of coating the fiber with precursor solution of a superabsorbent polymer, drying the precursor solution, and hardening the precursor solution to form the superabsorbent polymer.
49. The process according to claim 41 characterized in that it further comprises, the steps of coating the fiber with a mixture of a surfactant and a precursor solution of a superabsorbent polymer, drying the mixture and hardening the mixture to form the superabsorbent polymer.
50. The process according to claim 1 characterized in that the fiber of step (b) has (a) a specific capillary volume of at least 2.0 cc / g and a specific capillary surface area of at least 2000 cm2 / g or ( b) a lightness ratio of at least 9 and at least 30 percent of intra-fiber channels with a capillary channel width of less than 300 microns.
51. The process according to claim 1 characterized in that the fiber of step (b) has (c) a specific capillary volume of at least 2.0 cc / g and a specific capillary surface area of at least 2000 cm / g or ( d) a lightness ratio of at least or more than 70% of intra-fiber channels with a capillary channel width of more than 300 microns.
52. The process according to claim 51, characterized in that the fiber of step (b) has a volume factor of one fiber of more than.
53. The process according to claim 41, characterized in that the conformation of the cross-section as a course is an "H" conformation.
54. The process according to claim 41 characterized in that the conformation of the cross section as a course is a "Y" conformation.
55. The process according to claim 41 characterized in that the conformation of the cross-section as a spun is a "+" conformation.
56. The process according to claim 41 characterized in that the conformation of the cross section as a spun is a "U" conformation.
57. The process according to claim 41 characterized in that the conformation of the cross-section as a course is substantially as shown in Figure 17.
58. The process according to the claim 41 characterized in that in the extrusion step, the molten polymer is polyethylene terephthalate.
59. The process in accordance with the claim 58 characterized in that the molten polymer is extruded at a temperature sufficient to provide a viscosity of 400 to 1000 poises to the molten polymer when it leaves the opening.
60. The process in accordance with the claim 59 characterized in that the extrusion temperature of the polymer is between 270 and 300 ° C.
61. A process for making a synthetic, distorted, bulky polymeric fiber characterized in that they comprise the steps of: (a) Extruding a molten polymer from an aperture of a rotor to form an extruded polymer, the aperture having a non-round conformation; (b) Cooling the extruded polymer to form a fiber having a cross-sectional shape as a spun; (c) Lubricate the fiber; (d) Transport the fiber at a speed between 500 and 3500 meters per minute; (e) Cut the fiber; and Reduce the fiber in an environment that has sufficient temperature to effect reduction of the fiber to form a reduced cut fiber having a reduced denier that is at least five percent greater than a reduced denier.
62. The process according to claim 61, characterized in that the reduced cut fiber has a length of between 2 and approximately 37 millimeters, a volume factor of a fiber between 0.5 and 10.0, a short-range distortion factr of more than 5 , and a long interval distortion factor between 0.05 and 0.9
63. The process according to claim 61 characterized in that the transportation stage is at a speed between 1000 and 1500 meters per minute.
64. The process according to claim 61, characterized in that the transportation stage is at a speed between 2500 and 3200 meters per minute.
65. The process according to claim 61, characterized in that in the reduction stage, the environment is a vapor or air stream at a temperature of between 100 and 200 ° C and where steps (a) to (e) are performed continuously at a process speed of more than 2000 to 3500 meters per minute.
66. The process in accordance with the claim 65 characterized in that the speed of the process is approximately 3000 meters per minute.
67. The process according to claim 65 characterized in that in the reduction stage, the fiber has a residence time of from 1 to about 30 seconds in the environment and where steps a (a) to (e) are carried out continuously at a process speed of more than 2000 to 3500 meters per minute.
68. The process according to claim 67, characterized in that the process speed is approximately 3000 meters per minute.
69. The process according to claim 61 characterized in that the cut fiber has a reduced denier that is at least twenty-five percent larger than the pre-reduced denier.
70. The process according to claim 61 characterized in that it further comprises, prior to cutting, the step of stretching the fiber under substantially amorphous retention conditions to form a stretched fiber.
71. The process according to claim 61, characterized in that it also comprises, before the reduction, the step of lubricating the reduced cut fiber.
72. The process according to claim 61 characterized in that it further comprises, the steps of coating the fiber with precursor solution of a superabsorbent polymer, drying the precursor solution, and hardening the precursor solution to form the superabsorbent polymer.
73. The process according to claim 61 characterized in that it further comprises, the steps of coating the fiber with a mixture of a surfactant and a precursor solution of a superabsorbent polymer, drying the mixture and hardening the mixture to form the polymer superabsorbent
74. The process according to claim 61 characterized in that the fiber of step (b) has (a) a specific capillary volume of at least 2.0 cc / g and a specific capillary surface area of at least 2000 cm2 / g or ( b) a lightness ratio of at least 9 and at least 30 percent of intra-fiber channels with a capillary channel width of less than 300 microns.
75. The process according to claim 61 characterized in that the fiber of step (b) has (a) a specific capillary volume of at least 2.0 cc / g and a specific capillary surface area of at least 2000 cm2 / g or ( b) a lightness ratio of at least or more than 70% of intra-fiber channels with a capillary channel width of more than 300 microns.
76. The process in accordance with the claim Characterized in that the fiber of step (b) has a volume factor of a fiber of more than 4.
77. The process according to claim 61 characterized in that the conformation of the cross-section as a spun is an "H" conformation. .
78. The process according to claim 61 characterized in that the conformation of the cross section as a course is a "Y" conformation.
79. The process according to claim 61, characterized in that the conformation of the cross section as a course is a "+" conformation.
80. The process according to claim 61, characterized in that the conformation of the cross section as a spun is a "U" conformation.
81. The process in accordance with the claim 61 characterized in that the conformation of the cross section as spun is substantially as shown in Figure 17.
82. The process according to claim 61 characterized in that the molten polymer is polyethylene terephthalate.
83. The process according to claim 61, characterized in that the molten polymer is extruded at a temperature sufficient to provide a viscosity of 400 to 1000 poises to the molten polymer when it leaves the opening.
84. The process according to claim 83, characterized in that the extrusion temperature of the polymer is between 270 and 300 ° C.
85. A mixture characterized in that it comprises a superabsorbent polymer and an additive to provide a lower initial contact angle with distilled water than with the superbased polymer.
86. The mixture according to claim 85, characterized in that the additive is a surfactant.
87. The mixture in accordance with the claim 85 characterized in that the additive is non-ionic ethoxylated fatty acid ester.
88. The mixture according to claim 85, characterized in that the superabsorbent polymer comprises a copolymer of maleic anhydride and isobutylene.
89. The fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that it is coated with a mixture comprising a copolymer of maleic anhydride and isobutylene and an additive comprising a non-ionic ethoxylated fatty acid ester.
90. A fluid handling process characterized in that it comprises the steps of: (a) insulting an upper sheet of an absorbent product with an aqueous fluid, the absorbent product which is selected from the group consisting of a disposable diaper, feminine towel, and a device of incontinence; (b) acquiring the aqueous fluid by the absorbent structure according to claim 23 from the topsheet; and (c) desorbing the aqueous fluid of the absorbent structure towards a storage core, the storage core which is selected from the group consisting of speck pulp, chemically modified speck pulp, superabsorbent polymer, the fibers according to the claim 17 and combinations thereof.
91. A fluid handling process characterized in that it comprises the steps of: (a) insulting an upper sheet of an absorbent product with an aqueous fluid, the absorbent product which is selected from the group consisting of a disposable diaper, feminine towel, and an incontinence device; (b) acquiring the aqueous fluid by the absorbent structure according to claim 23 from the topsheet; and (c) desorbing the aqueous fluid of the absorbent structure towards a distribution layer; and (d) desorb the aqueous fluid from the distribution layer to a storage core, the storage core which is selected from the group consisting of speck pulp, chemically modified speck pulp, superabsorbent polymer, fibers in accordance with claim 17 and combinations thereof.
92. The fluid handling process according to claim 91 characterized in that the distribution layer is selected from the group consisting of: (a) Fibers having a specific capillary volume of at least 2.0 cc / g and a capillary surface area specific to at least 2000 cm2 / g or a lightness ratio of at least 9 and at least 30 percent intra-fiber channels with a capillary channel width of less than 300 microns; (b) Fibers that have a specific capillary volume of at least 2.0 cc / g and a specific capillary surface area of at least 2000 cm2 / g and a lightness ratio of at least 9 or more than 70 percent of intra-fiber channels with a capillary channel width of more than 300 microns.
93. The fluid handling process according to claim 92, characterized in that the fibers of (b) have a fiber volume factor of more than 4.0.
94. A fluid handling process characterized in that it comprises the steps of: (a) insulting an upper sheet of an absorbent product with an aqueous fluid, the absorbent product which is selected from the group consisting of a disposable diaper, feminine towel, and an incontinence device; (b) acquiring the aqueous fluid by a distribution layer or the distribution layer and the absorbent structure according to claim 23 from the topsheet; and (c) desorbing the aqueous fluid from the distribution layer or the distribution layer and the absorbent structure towards a storage core, the storage core which is selected from the group consisting of speck pulp, chemically modified speck pulp, superabsorbent polymer, the fibers according to claim 17 and combinations thereof.
95. The fluid handling process according to claim 94 characterized in that the distribution layer is selected from the group consisting of: (a) Fibers having a specific capillary volume of at least 2.0 cc / g and a capillary surface area specific at least 2000 cm2 / g or a lightness ratio of at least 9 and at least 30 percent intra-fiber channels with a capillary channel width of less than 300 microns; (b) Fibers that have a specific capillary volume of at least 2.0 cc / g and a specific capillary surface area of at least 2000 cm2 / g and a lightness ratio of at least 9 or more than 70 percent of intra-fiber channels with a capillary channel width of more than 300 microns.
96. The fluid handling process according to claim 95, characterized in that the fibers of (b) have a fiber volume factor of more than 4.0.