MXPA99001630A - Armoured glazing, in particular for vehicle fixed or mobile side glazing - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention concerns an armoured laminated bullet-proof and/or splinter-proof glazing, comprising on at least part of its periphery, one or several rigid protuberances (3), each of which belonging substantially to a plane parallel to that of the window or its extension, and having a thickness for its being inserted at least partially, temporarily or permanently, in the window aperture rabbet.

Description

CRUSHED CRUSHER, ESPECIALLY FIXED OR MOBILE SIDE FOR VEHICLE AUTOMOBILE DESCRIPTION The present invention relates to a glazing of armored bulletproof and / or anti-splinter sheets, which can be put in place for the protection of buildings or armored vehicles such as private vehicles, military vehicles or money transport. This type of glazing can be mounted on vehicles transported by road, by rail, -1-5 by sea or air. . ,. Significant efforts were made to improve the strength of the armored glazing, especially in relation to heavier and heavier bullets and more and more powerful and concentrated impacts on a surface A small one Several possibilities were offered to the inventors to improve the ballistic behaviors of those encristalados. In particular, some solutions were proposed 25 to improve the fixation of aircraft windshields. These do not have to resist impacts of bullets, but only impacts by birds that come to beat them and have, for that purpose, a different structure by nature of the constituents of the encristalado of leaves and finer than the encristalados armored of which deal now. Thus, the patent US-S-3 953 630 describes an aircraft windshield comprising a flexible insert of high mechanical resistance, constituted by a strip of fiberglass fabric impregnated with rubber, or also polyester fibers or stainless steel yarns. This insert extends further from the periphery of the windshield and its emergent end becomes rigid to be screwed by means of bolts to the body of the vehicle. plane. ,. The application FR-A-1-2 612 174 is related to an airplane paranpsas consisting of two sheets of polycarbonate that encloses in sandwich a soft interlayer layer of polyurethane. Due to the fact that there is little rigidity of the assembly formed in this way, it is not possible to plan an assembly identical to that of a glass windshield, by simply pressing on the housing, without risking an ejection of the windscreen due to the important deformations of the polycarbonate .

The document was born possible, however, such a mounting, proposing to submerge in the periphery of the interlayer, a rigid belt, for example metal, at the level of the edge of the windshield. A comparable rigid crankcase, which is intended for a glazing for a pressurized aircraft cockpit, comprising two glass sheets and an interlayer layer of plastic material, is also disclosed by patent application FR-A-2 720 029. The belt, also submerged in the periphery of the intercalary layer, does not overflow from the periphery of the glazing, possibly only to cover the edge of the glazing partly or in its entirety: the cmturon then has a corresponding profile in the form of "L ", respectively in the form of :? - ll According to another possibility, the patent US-A-2 991 207 ^. describes an aircraft windshield of improved resistance against the impacts of birds, consisting of two sheets of glass and a soft layer intercalar polyvinyl-butyral. The latter extends beyond the periphery of the glass sheets; a reinforcement piece, immersed in the soft layer, extends from the emerging edge thereof to the interior of the glazing of sheets, that is to say between the sheets of glass. Surprisingly, the inventors realized that transposition to shielded glazed loe of the techniques described in the foregoing in relation to aircraft windshields, under the precise conditions of the invention as defined below, was possible. improve their resistance to the impacts of bullets or other projectiles of firearms and ensure their maintenance in the accommodations after the first impact. This object could be achieved by means of the invention having as its object a glazing of anti-bullet and / or anti-splintering blades comprising on at least a part of its periphery, one or more rigid bulges; each of these are practically inscribed in a plane parallel to that of the glazing or its extension and having a peripheral part of thickness less than or equal to that of the housing of the opening of the glazing, so as to be able to intre it. Preferably, those bulging stiffs are in the extension of a single sheet constituting the encristalado or a single group of sheets of that type adjacent. In other words, the bulges are practically in alignment in a unique position in relation to the thickness of the glazing. This feature facilitates the construction of associated window or body frames, authorizing the insertion of the bulks in a single regular housing. Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent upon reading the description below and the accompanying drawings, in which Figures 1 to 4 are respectively schematic representations of four different embodiments of the invention. The glazing of figure 1 is constituted, of the exterior iO - that is to say of the side by which the impact can be pred - towards the inside: - by a glass-ceramic sheet 1 of 6 mm in thickness; - by a 3 mm thick polyvinylbutyral (PVB) interlayer adhesive layer 2; * -. - by a glass sheet 4; - by an interlayer adhesive layer 5 of PVB; - by a sheet of glass 6; - by an interlayer adhesive layer 7 of poly-0-urethane (PU); and - by a sheet 8 of polycarbonate (PC) whose inner face is generally coated with an anti-scratch varnish, for example based on polysiloxane, on a thickness at most equal to 15 μm, but most of times from the order of 2 μm to 7 μm.

The sheet is also coated, in whole or in part, if appropriate, by a layer colored mainly according to an upper horizontal strip, or any other functional layer customarily applied on the face interior of the windshield. The stratified structure of the shield, constituted by sheets and layers 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, has a thickness between approximately 30 μm and 40 μm. On the other hand, it can be interspersed, between ho a 6 and layer 7, J_Q successively from the first to the second, one or more stacks constituted, in order, of a layer of PVB and then of a glass sheet. The thickness of the glazing increases in the same way; preferably, the number of glass sheets included in this Stacking of glass sheets and alternate PVB layers, of outer glass sheets, will not exceed 4 at most, or in particular 3. In the anti-bullet and anti-chip application of the invention, the use of tempered glass, is ^ 0 say that it has been subjected to a thermal tempering treatment, due to its tendency to fragment into many small sized chips from the first bullet impact. The glass sheets are constituted here by annealed glass or by chemically reinforced glass which, advantageously, are damaged only after having been subjected to a bullet impact. The exterior sheet 1 of the glazing could also be constituted by annealed glass or chemically reinforced glass; its thickness is equivalent to that of the glass ceramic sheet 1 of figure 1. Of course, all the sheets and the layers constituting the glazing are transparent. According to a first principal embodiment of the The invention, which is represented in FIGS. 1 and 2, at least one of the bulges is constituted by a metal insert 3 of stainless steel that sinks in the glazing with a depth of approximately fifteen millimeters and emerges from it approximately 15 - - - According to Figure 1, the insert 3 is located in the extension of the layer 2; its thickness is also 3 mm. Figure 2 represents a variant in the same way - in which the insert 3, identical to that just described, is located in the extension of a hob 2 of glass-ceramic or, optionally, of annealed or reinforced glass chemically The insert 3 also emerges from the structure of leaves of a fortnight, 5 millimeters.

However, the insert 3 is not represented here in direct contact with the glass-ceramic or glass sheet 2, but slightly separated or disjointed. The insert 3 and the sheet 2 are partially submerged for one, and almost entirely for the other, in an adhesive layer 9 of PVB; therefore, this insert may flow during the manufacture of the glazing, including inside the space left free between the insert 3 and the sheet 2. However, it is possible to limit this free space until it is eliminated; the adhesive layer 9 is then replaced by two independent layers. By way of comparison, it is noted that the flow of the PVB of the layer 2 of figure 1 is limited by one side of the sheet 1, by the edge of the insert 3 and one side of the sheet 4, possibly to minor infiltrations or negligible,. al level of the interleaves leaf-l / insert-3 and insert-to-3 / ho a-4. The second main embodiment is shown in figure 3. The encristalado that is represented, is distinguished for the main thing, from that of figure 2, in which at least one rigid bulge is constituted by the emerging part of a continuous sheet 2 glass or glass-ceramic, especially chemically reinforced glass, with a surface greater than that of the other sheets constituting glazing.

The sheet 2 is completely coated, except for its lower edge, in a polyurethane (PU) adhesive layer 9. In this case, the PU flow can be used during the construction of the sheet glazing. When sheet 2 is chemically reinforced glass, it is highly recommended to protect the emerging part due to its scratchiness. To do this, it is also possible to effect an encapsulation of the emerging part of the sheet 2 in bare, after the manufacture of the glazing of sheets, in a film of adapted plastic material. According to the embodiment shown in simplified form in FIG. 4, a glazing is constituted by a sheet or by a stack of sheets 10, outside and by a stack of sheets 11, inside. Stacking has a surface. lower than that of the sheet or stack 10, in such a way that the periphery of the second, extends uniformly beyond that of the first. The sheet or stack 10 is suitably constituted by a sheet of chemically reinforced glass, while the stack 11 is of the type described in the foregoing, with reference to figures 1 to 3. A peripheral metal belt 12 is secured to the once with the sheet or stack 10 and with the stack 11, in the manner shown in the figure; a joint can be made by gluing. This type of configuration provides excellent anti-bullet and anti-chip properties. The assembly 5 constituted by the edge of the sheet or stacking 10 and the belt 12, can be introduced into the housing of an opening or simply placed in support and more or less fitted relatively to the structure of that opening facing outwards, according to the forms of the i? Openings used. Although the anti-bullet and / or anti-splintering glazing of the invention, are suitable for construction and also for all types of transport vehicles, such glazing for vehicles transported by J-5 road, and especially lateral glazing fij? > §, or in particular mobiles, for private armored vehicles, are particularly convenient. Advantageously, the rigid bulge (s) have a thickness equivalent to that of a glazing of < -? vehicle, and are introduced comfortably into the accommodation for that purpose, instead of classic glazing. In the case of a mobile glazing, generally in the vertical direction, the problem of scratching a bulky chemically reinforced glass, which need a coating or an encapsulation, comes from the back and forth movements, which produce rubbing in the housing. According to another advantageous feature, the outer face of the glazing is strictly located in the continuity of the body. The aerodynamic characteristics of the vehicle are improved, in a known manner, by the decrease in its coefficient of penetration into the air. The glazing of the invention is particularly distinguished in that maintenance of the glazing in the housing continues to be largely ensured after the first impact, such that a resistance to a second impact, even to a subsequent impact, can obtain, according to the structures-of sheets that are put into work, the nature of the projectiles and the power of the shot. In relation to known armored glazing, this glazing of the invention resists heavier projectiles, more powerful impacts and more numerous, which are simultaneous or consecutive.

Claims (10)

1. R E I V I N D I C A C I O N E 1.- Glazing of bulletproof and / or anti-chip blades characterized in that it comprises, on at least a part of its periphery, one or more rigid bulges; each of these belong practically to a plane parallel to that of the surface defined by the glazing or by the extension of that surface, and which has a thickness that allows it to be introduced at least in part, temporarily or indefinitely, into the housing of the glazing opening.
2. 2. Glazing according to claim 1, characterized in that those bulging rigid are in the extension of a single sheet constituting the encristalado or a single group of sheets of that type. adjacent desho as.
3. 3. Glazing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one of those bulges, is constituted by an insert, especially metal, each time placed in part to the interior of the structure of sheets that constitutes the encristalado, in the prolongation of one or more consecutive adjacent sheets thereof, glass or glass ceramic or plastic material.
4. 4. Glazing according to claim 3, characterized in that the insert is placed in the prolongation of a single interlayer adhesive layer of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) constituting glazing.
5. 5. Glazing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the, or at least one of the bulges, is made of material with a glass ceramic or glass sheet, especially chemically reinforced glass and constitutes the emerging part, optionally coated with a plastic material or encapsulated in a plastic film.
6. 6. Glazing according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that its outer face that can be stuck first by a projectile, is constituted by a glass sheet or, of _. ceramic hob
7. 7. Glazing according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises, in turn, towards the interior, in relation to the bulks, that is towards the interior of the vehicle or to the interior of the building, a stack of glass sheets and adhesive layers of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), alternately, of outer glass sheets, and then a polyurethane (PU) interlayer sheet, and then a polycarbonate (PC) sheet, generally coated with a hard scratch-resistant varnish and constituting the inside face of the glazing.
8. 8. Glazing according to any of claims 1 to 6, for a transport vehicle, J characterized in that the bulge or bulges that comprise, have a thickness equivalent to that of a classic encristalado transport vehicle.
9. 9. Glazing according to claim 3, characterized in that the outer face is placed in the continuity of the body.
10. 10. Side glazing for automobile according to claims 8 or 9, fixed or mobile in the vertical or horizontal direction. fifteen twenty Z >