MXPA99000005A - Glass fiber separators for batteries - Google Patents

Abstract

Se presenta un material para reparador de fibras de vid1a. El separador consiste de una masa de fibras de vidrio entremezcladas, sustancialmente la totalidad de las fibras tiene un diámetro de fibra no mayor que aproximadamente 20æm, y al manos un 5%peso/peso de las fibras tienen un diámetro de fibra menor que 1æm, y, se encuentran distribuidas en la fibra de vidrio, y de 0-2%peso/peso a 20%peso/peso de fibrílas de celulosa. Las fibrilas provienen de una pasta que tiene una libertad canadiense suficientemente baja de tal manera que el material de separador tenga una resistencia a la tensión mayor que un separador por otra parte idéntico donde fibras de vidrio que tienen un diámetro promedio mayor que 1æm reemplazan las fibrílas de celulosa.

Description

SEPARATORS OF GLASS FIBERS FOR BATTERIES. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the field of batteries and, more specifically, to separators containing glass fibers which are placed between the positive and negative plates of the batteries and to a method for the production of sep terators. As will be discussed subsequently in greater detail, separators containing glass fibers are well known. Long before the fiberglass separators, however, cedar veneers were used as a separating material, which were replaced by hard and microporous separators, and cellulose separators impregnated with resins.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREVIOUS TECHNIQUE The valve-regulated lead accumulators ("sealed" - "recobinant") (VP.LA.) usually comprise a plurality of positive and negative plates, in a prismatic cell, or layers of separator and positive and "negative" electrodes rolled together, as in a "gypsy arm" type cell.The plates are arranged in such a way that they alternate, negative-positive-negative, etc., with separating material and paste separating each plate. Adjacent plates The separator, which is typically a fiberglass mat, is an inert material, stores the battery life, applies a force to the inter - faces, and provides a low electrical resistance. In the VPLA there are numerous gas channels in the separating material through which oxygen can migrate from the positive electrode, when it is generated there, to the negative electrode where it can recombine with the electrode. n hydrogen, in accordance with the oxygen cycle. One of the most important functions of a separator in a VPLA battery is to push the pasta into cor. act with the plates and cause a pressure between the plates. A fiberglass separator material, typically, will be consumed in a papermaking equipment including m_qu? R? __ faurdrmier and rotoforre, inclined fourdpnier machines and rotoformrings of extended wires. In the p \ - diicc s. an of separator made of glass fibers for batteries of type VPLA, is it preferred not to add any organic material to a raw material from which the separator sheets are made? the intermeshing of individual fibers serves to maintain the bundle in a cohesive structure, and water glass that is sometimes formed on the surfaces of the fibr-ts serves as a binder. Ag organic omerants, however, tend to decrease the ability of the separator to absorb acid, and to decrease? amount of acid that a separator can hold. Numerous studies were carried out to modify the fiber glass raw material from which the separators are produced in order to improve the performance of bat_ »rí_ and / or decrease the cost of the separator. Some of the works focused on the addition of synthetic fibers for several reasons, for example the use of plastic-shaped fibers so that the separator can be thermally sealed on its edges to wrap a plate. Other study. which belong to the scope of this invention, have focused on the use of a re-lumber, for example silica, to provide separators that are comparable to totally glass fiber separators, at a lower cost. Separators made from glass fibers were also proposed to which cellulose and polyolefin fibers were added to which cellulose was added. Below we present patents of the prior art. U.S. Patent No. 4,465,748 íHarris. presents fiberglass sheet material for use as a separator in an electrochemical cell, and produced 5 to 355. weight / weight of glass fibers of a diameter less than i μm? The patent also presents the glass fibers for such use where fibers of a continuous range of fibers and fiber lengths are found., and the ßiayorí. of the fibers do not have a length greater than 5 m. The North American patent Na. 4.2i_, 2B friona et al.) Presents glass fiber material for use as a plate separator in a battery, and said material is made from SO to 95 # weight / weight of fiberglass of a In the case of less than 1% ax and 50 to 5% weight / weight of thicker glass fibers, the thicker glass fibers, according to the reference, have a glass diameter greater than 5 μm, preferably greater than 10 μm, and it is advantageous that some of the thicker fibers have diameters of 10 μm to 30 μm. The non-theatre patent No, 4,205,122 (Minra et al) discloses a reduced electrical resistance battery separator comprising a non-woven, self-supporting mat consisting essentially of a mixture of olefinic ream fibers having a size of 4 to 13 decigrax and alembic ream fibers having a thickness less than 4 decigrex, these latter fibers are present in an amount not less than 3 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of fibers; up to about? OO parts by weight of inert filler materials per 100 parts by weight of fibers can also be employed. The battery separator is produced by subjecting a suitable aqueous dispersion to a hoWing operation, drying the resulting nonwoven, wet mat, and heat treating the dry mat at a temperature set after a point. 20 ° lower than the melting point of the aforementioned fibers up to a point at approximately 50 ° per enzyme of the melting point. The North American patent Na, 4,216,281 (O'Rell et al.) Presents a separating material produced from a raw material containing from 30 to 70 * / * weight / weight of synthetic polyolefin pulp, from 15 to 65% weight / weight of a silica re-lucer and from 1 to 35 weight / weight of "long" fibers, which may be polyester fibers, glass fibers, or a mixture of the two. Cellulose in an amount up to approximately 10%. Weight / weight is presented as an optional ingredient of the raw material. U.S. Patent No. 4,363,856 (Waterhousei discloses a separating material made from a composite raw material of polyolefin pulp fibers and glass fibers, and mentions crude polyester fibers, crude palialefine fibers and cellulose pulp fibers as a whole. Alternative Raw Material U.S. U.S. Patent No. 4,387,144 (McCallu) discloses a battery separator having a low electrical resistance after long time of use that is made by thermal consolidation and embossing of a paper fabric formed from of a raw material which has a synthetic pulp whose fibrils are filled with an inorganic filler, the fabric incorporates a wetting agent which is preferably an organic sulfonate, and organic succinate, or an ethoxyethyl phenol. North American Patent No. 4,373,015 fPeters et al.), presents a sheet material for use as a separator in a battery, and "comprising organic polymer fibers "; Both examples of the reference disclose the sheet material co or "short crude fiber mat of pallets of approximately 0.3 mm in thickness", and indicate that the polyester fibers are within a range of about 1 μm to about 6 mm. μm in diameter Sheet separators for use in conventional tanks (not regulated by valves) and comprising glass fibers as well as organic fibers are presented in the following North American patents (No. 4,529,677 Isodendorf) No 4,363,856 fWa berhause), and No »4,359,511 (Strzemp.- a) US Pat. No. 4,367,271, Hasagawa, discloses storage battery separators composed of acrylic fibrils in an amount of up to about 10 .. weight / weight, the rest being idrio fibers Japanese patent document 55 / 146,872 presents a separator material comprising glass fibers (SO-15 * 4 w / w) and organic fibers Í50- 15 * 4 w / w o) U.S. Patent No. 4,245,013, Clegg et & l. , presents a separator made by coating a first layer of fibrous material including palyethylene fibers with a second layer of fibrous material including polybylene and having a content of synthetic pulp greater than the first layer. U.S. Patent No. 4,908,202 to BAdger, presents a separator and comprises a ho made from first fibers that provide the ho with a greater than 90% absorbency and second fibers that provide the absorbency with a high absorbency. 80 * 4, where the first and second fibers present in proportions such that) a ho has an absorbency of 75 to 95 *. This patent teaches that fine glass fibers have a high absorbency, that thick glass fibers have a low absentness, and that hydraphical organic fibers have a high absorbency, and that, when the separator is it is saturated with electrolyte, they remain hollow no filler in such a way that the gas can t be fe i from plate to plate for rerüfflbmición. Badger's presentation is incorporated here by reference. No. 5,091,275 (Erecht et al.) Discloses a fiberglass separator that expands when exposed to an electrolyte. The separator comprises glass fibers impregnated with an aqueous solution of colloidal silica particles and a sulfate salt. The separator is produced by the formation of a tissue for the manufacture of glass fiber paper, the impregnation of the fabric with the aqueous mixture of silica and the sl, the light compression of the impregnated fabric to remove a certain part of the aqueous solution, the partial drying of the fabric, the compression of the cloth to a final thickness and the completion of the drying of the cloth. The fabric is preferably compressed to a thickness less than the distance between the plates in a given cell so that the insertion of an assembled cell stack into a box is facilitated. When electrolyte is added to the box, the salt dissolves in the electrolyte and the separator expands to provide good contact between the plates and the separators. In accordance with the patent, silica contributes to the performance of replacement cells that incorporate the precooked separator. The silica also contributes greatly to the stiffness of the separator, such that the separator can be characterized as rigid. It has been determined that the production of battery separator for papermaking technique from a raw material of vidri fibers. and silica dust causes problems caused by variations in the concentration of silica dust in the raw material. Typical fiberglass raw materials have a liquid content that exceeds t? B% w / w. During the production of separator sheets, most of the water is removed from the raw material in the first meters of a screen where the raw material is placed. Water, known as white water, is recycled and returns to the head of the machine. If the raw material is composed exclusively of glass fibers, virtually none of the fibers passes through the mesh and reaches the white water. However, raw materials comprising glass fibers and silica dust do not work as well. In the absence of retention aid, significant amounts of silica powder from such raw materials pass through the mesh to make paper and reach white water. If na-corrected, this phenomenon causes the elevation of the concentration of silica dust in the raw material, which undesirably changes the properties of the raw material. To date the problem of silica dust and the like which passes through the paper mesh has been avoided by the use of co binders or retention aids. US Patent No. 2,477,000 presents a synthetic fiber paper produced from fibrils and fibers made by methods of a solution of the fiber is extruded through very small orifices (rows) and then the extruded solution is allowed to freeze either in a precipitation bath or by evaporation of the solvent or by changes in temperature (see column 2, regions 25 and following). The patent says that the fibers of cellulose acetate, cellulose nitrate, cellulose regenerated from viscose, "Vinylite Cradle synthetic resin made by polymerization of vi or lo compounds," ralac a fibrous product made from casein of skimmed milk) and spun glass "that were within a length of 1 inch to 1 inch and with a diameter of 12 to 10 microns and fibrils derived preferably from flax, Manila cinnamon, ca. ras or hemp can be used to make the paper. At least 90% of the fibrils should have a length of 0.0015 to 0.0025 inch and a width of 0_Ct000027 to .OO 0 44 inch. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION The present invention is based on the discovery that small, wood-tipped aggregates are added., whipped or refined to a sufficient degree to produce a cellulose fiber high proportion of fibrils, a glass fiber raw material suitable for use in a battery separator, (1) causes surprisingly high increases in some of the properties of separator resistance developed from the raw material, f2) improves the cut resistance of the separator made from the raw material, (3) and has a unique characteristic as far as it is concerned. i 1 It retains a higher proportion of acid introduced there when the separator is subsequently commingled. In addition, the separator can be formed again into pulp, in the sense that it can be used as a component of a glass fiber which is used to produce "new" separator; In addition, batteries made from fiberglass separator material that contains comparatively low quantities of wood pulp that has been whipped or refined enough, have particularly long service lives, as indicated by their performance in cycle tests. In general, the pulp paste must be whipped or refined to a Canadian freedom no greater than aprax imadamente 650 c, or to an equivalent freedom by other measurement techniques, and a remarkable increase in the tensile strength is achieved when the pulp or whipped or refined to a Canadian liberty no greater than about 120 az, or to an equivalent freedom by open measuring techniques. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a graph of the percentage weight / weight of added cellulose in a glass fiber separator material according to the present invention versus liters per second of water flowing through the separator material. or test conditions that are described hereinafter.

Figure 2 is a graph of the tensile strength, both in the machine direction ("traction, MD") and transverse direction "" tracho? N, CD "), versus the weight / weight percentage of cellulose added in a glass fiber battery separator according to the invention. Figure 3 is a graph of the percentage of initial capacity VO V- I number of test cycles for a battery according to the present invention and for a control battery. Figures 9 are graphs of thickening (the values indicated in the graph are 1000 times the thickness of the separator in mm) versus load thickness of rebound versus load for 5 ateml s fiberglass separators according to the invention and a control, where the rebound thickness is 10000 times the thickness of a spacer material in m after the spacer has been subjected to a load and the load has been reduced to 0.55 pounds per square inch C3.79 KPa); the data in Figures. »4 to 9 are for dry separating material. Figures 10 to 15 are graphs similar to the graphs of Figures 9, showing thickness versus charge and thickness of rabote versus charge for the 5 fiberglass separator materials according to the present invention and for control, stop are based in data where, before the test, each of the separator materials has. It has been wetted with 7 times its weight of sulfuric acid having a specific gravity of 1,286. Figures 16 and 17 are graphs similar to the graphs in Figures 4 and 5, but they differ in the extent to which the interpolated points are plotted in the first such that successive points along the X axis represent equal increments of the content of cellulose, while the experimental values are plotted in the second and, consequently, as explained hereinafter, successive points along the X axis do not always represent equal increments of the cellulose content. DEFINITIONS Subsequently here, the term "volume / volume percentage" refers to the percentage by volume; the term "weight / weight percentage" and the symbol ".. indicates weight percentage", the term "maya" when applied to a paper machine refers to the surface of the machine on which the material is placed premium in the production of papal and can be, for example, the screen of a Fc? urdrie machine, or Liien the vacuum drum of a rotofarmer machine, the pore sizes reported here, unless otherwise indicated, They are in microns, and they are determined by means of the first bubble or liquid imetry pore method, Coultar; all temperatures are presented in QC; and the following abbreviations have the indicated meanings; μm = icra or mieras; mg = mi 1 equals to or milligrams; g-gram to grams; kg - kigram or kilograms, l = iitro to liters; mi -mi 1 i 1 i or milliliters; cc = cubic centimeter or cubic centimeters; pcf = pound per cubic foot or pounds per cubic foot; m = meter or meters, cm = cen or centimeters; mm = mi 1 í etro or millimeters; m = meter; ra or meters; thousand - inch x 1/1000 to well inches x 1/1000 (multiply by 25.4 to convert to m); Pa-pressure in thousands of ewfcons per square meter; psi-pounds per square inch (multiply by 6.89 to convert to KPa); and .t. = force in thousands of Newtons. EXAMPLE 1 Sa produced hand sheets of fiberglass separator in a laboratory apparatus by depositing a raw material on a screen or mesh, and by draining the raw material. The apparatus comprised a tank with a screen in the inn, a drain under the screen, a valve that opened and closed the drain, and a manual blade moved back and forth to para- simulate the movement of a raw material in an apparatus The raw material was produced by loading the acidified water tank, pH 2.7, and composite solids of 74.5% weight / weight of fiber from the commercial papermaking plant and establishing a "machine direction parallel to the direction of movement." Schuller glass, average fiber diameter .76 / μm, 12.8 * /; weight / weight of glass fibers Evani.be 610, nominal diameter of fiber 2.6 μm, and 12.8 weight / weight of glass fibers A20-BC- _ inch Nominal diameter of fiber 13 μm, with stirring for approximately 1 minute, by loading to a tank pulp pulp for kraft paper with a Canadian freedom of 57 cc and a consistency of 1.235 * /., and with stirring for 2 hours. additional minutes. in the mixer, after the addition of the pulp contained 73 * 4 weight / weight of glass fiber Schuller 206, 12.5% glass fiber Evanite 610 weight / weight, 12.5% weight / weight of glass fibers A20-BC -_ inch and 2% weight / weight of pulp fibril. The raw material and the pulp were agitated for about 2 minutes, after which the valve was opened in such a way as to drain the water through the screen, while the separator was retained on the screen. The raw material contained enough glass fibers to produce a separator with a gram of 30 g / m2 and a thickness of 0.15 mm. The manual separator sheet was heated in a dry oven at a temperature of approximately -5 ° C for 30 minutes. Das separator sheets produced in accordance with what was described above were tested and several data, summarized below, were collected (the data are averages given the determinations of the two sheets). The permeability of Frazier, in the following data and elsewhere in this document, is set at L / scc / m2 to 20 mm H2D. The tests, instrumentation, and apparatus used to determine several properties in Example 1 and elsewhere in this document are described in a publication entitled BCI / RBSM Stx_nter Test Methods, Battery Copupc i 1 Interntion l (the presentation of this publication is presented here by reference). Grama je Íg / m2) 36 »7 Thickness, mm (b or a load of 10.34 KP) Í 0.15 Traction, MD f.Newtons / m) Í 363 Traction, CD. { Ne? Tons / m); 275 Elongation, MD f.1. of the total); 1 »3 Elongation, CD < * /. of the tot l). 1.4 Pore size - first bubble method, μ 30 Permeability of Frazier 98 Size of stop - pores liquid imery, Coul e, minimum μ 5.1 maximum 18.5 «ed ia 5.5 Values of" Permeab i 1 iad de Frazier "reported here they were determined using the Fraiier 91 Permeability tester (TAPPI T2510M-85). The "Absorption" in accordance with what was reported above and subsequently here, was determined by the procedure described in the North American patent Na. 5,225,298, column 7, lines 20 et seq., Using water instead of sulfuric acid as described therein; The test is known as the entire I ndust rio 1 Ines. The composition of the Schuller 206 glass fibers used in Example 1 and the subsequent Examples varies slightly from time to time. The average values, in percent step / weight, calculated from the data provided by Schuller for the period when the examples were performed are given below, Si02 6_.40 Na2Q 16.11 A1203 2.99 K20 0.69 CaO 5.88 B203 5.31 MgO 2.79 F2 1.02 Schuller also indicates that the glass contains F220, Ti.02, Zr02, Cr203, SrO, BaO, MnO, ZnO, Li20, S03 and Pb in amounts less than 0.1%. The nominal composition of the Evanite 6ÍO glass fibers used in Example 1 and in the subsequent examples varies, in * W / w, from the following ranges: Si02 60.0-69. O A1203 3.0 - 6.0 CaO 5.0 - 7. MgO 2.5 - 4.5 Na20 8. O - 12.O K.20 0.5 - 3 .0 B203 0.02 F2 O. O-1 .0 Z nO 0.04 Fe203 0.02 The glass fibers A20-BC- _ inch used in the process described above and in other processes described herein are commercially available from Schuller under the indicated designation. The fiberglass separator sheets according to the present invention were produced in a plant paper making machine. It pilots through the deposit of a raw material on an advancing mesh, through which the water is drained from the raw material. The raw material was produced in a mixer from acidified water, pH 2.7, and solids composed of Schuller 206 glass fibers, Schuller 210X glass fibers, nominal diameter of fibr 3. O μ, and the same composition as fibers 206 , and glass fibers A20 ~ BC-y = inches. The raw material was stirred in the mixer for about one, then the pulp pulp for paper and raft that had a Canadian freedom of 57cc and a consistency of 1.235% was added to the raw material in the mixer. The composition in the mixer, after the addition of the pulp, contained approximately 7 parts in pitch of Schuller 206 glass fibers, approximately one part in pitch of each. of glass fibers Schullar 210, glass fibers A2G-BC-_ inch, and approximately 0.6 part in pas. of pulp fibrils. The raw material and the pulp were agitated for approximately 2 minutes, after which the raw material containing pulp was loaded in the fall of the pilot plant machine. An addition of 0.6 part by weight pulp fibril s from redwood pulp that had been beaten to a Canadian freedom less than 100 ce was then made to the material in the box, and the resulting raw material flowed into the mesh that advances to produce a separator with a grass to 30 g / m2 in a thickness of 0.15 m. The separator was finally heated in a drying oven at a temperature of approximately ISO'C for 30 minutes. The separator had a loss when ignited slightly higher than 12% w / w, which indicates a total pulp content of approx. imadamanta 12% weight / step. The procedure described in this paragraph constitutes the best modality currently contemplated by the inventors in the production of battery separator material according to the invention. Cells in accordance with the present invention employing the separator material produced in the pilot plant paper machine described above, and were subjected to a life test compared to batteries made using fully glass separators, conventional, stoppage otherwise identical The battery capacity after each cycle, as a percentage of the initial capacity, is presented in Table I, below (the control battery test was completed after 7 cycles); TABLE I Numbers of CELLS Canacity, of the original value Of conforaIity with Control the invention 1! _-- • -) 103.6 1 IJ * o 93.6 111.9 76.0 109.3 53.4 107.4 34.0 25.1 1 3.6 20.9 8 l? I.7 # * * 9 1OO. OR • * # * iO 98.6 -? * * 11 97.2 # * * 12 95.5 # • '# 13 93.7 # * • * 1 90.1 - * - »# 15 87.6 # * # 16 86.1 # * # 17 80.0 # * -i. 18 74.9 19 74.0 * # * 20 67.3. £ 3..

The data in Table I is presented graphically in Figure 3, which was generated by computer by recording the above data for the battery of the invention and for the control after cycles 1 to 7, but recording for the percentage of initial capacity after giving the cycles 8 to 20. EXAMPLES 2-6 Sa manual sheets of fiberglass separator were also purchased from other raw materials containing various quantities of pulp for papal kraft that had been beaten to a consistency of 0.9906% and a Canadian freedom of 57 CE. The raw materials also contained the previously identified Schuller 206, 210X and A? 0-BC-_ inch glass fibers. The hand sheets were produced in a laboratory apparatus by means of the deposit of a premium mat on a mesh or screen, and by draining the raw material. The apparatus consisted of a tank with a screen in the inn, a drain underneath. of the screen, a valve that opened and closed the drain, and blades that were moved back and forth to simulate the movement of a raw material in a commercial apparatus to make paper and establish a "machine direction" parallel to the direction of movement of the blade. The raw material and the pulp were agitated for about 2 minutes, after which the valve was opened in such a way that water was drained through the screen while the separator was retained on the screen. The pruna would be killed and it contained enough glass fibers to produce a separator with a 30 g / m2 grass and a thickness of 0.15 mm. The manual separator was heated in a drying oven at a temperature of approximately 10 ° C for 30 minutes. The final compositions, in weight / weight percentage, of the raw materials represent ivas and the properties of the hand sheets produced appear in Table II, where, as in other tables in the present document. Unless otherwise stated, tensile strength is set to pounds per inch of spacer width. { multiply by 0.175 to convert to k i lonawtons per meter), the elongation is given as a percentage, the stiffness is "Gurle stiffness". in mg, the pore sizes are set in μm, the electrical resistance is in ohms per square inch of the separator, and the loss to ignite is set in percentage weight / step. The compositions of the raw materials are provided in the following Table Í Example Compass Example Example Example Example raw material - 3 4 5 6 210X 79 77 70 65 f ibras A20-BC-. lO lO? 10 inch 206 iO 10 lO? o ÍO Ce1u1osa 1 __ 10 15 TABLE II Property Example Example Example Example Example 2 3 4 5 6 g ama e 119.9 121.7 119.3 119.9 119.4 g / ü_2 Thickness, mm í. .34 KPA) 0.765"0.850 0. 53 .620 0.591 (20 KPa) 0.726 O.753 0. 44 0.590 0.570 Traction, ewtons / MD 71.7 35. O i __í_ _ / 139.2 149.5 CD 84.7"117.8 IOS.9 125.4 130.2 Elongation% MD 1.37 2.00 1.96 2.08 2.?; CD 1.83 1. 7 1.61 i .70 i .9: Perception of Fra ier 65.7 50.2 13.4 5.9 n.d Absorption seconds / l mm 83 89 104 153 247 Rigidity, mg MD 3800 3900 5200 4300 3200 CD 3100 3500 3900 3500 3000 Pore size - pima method hufa ¡ja. μm 16.5 16.0 20.1 21.6 24. O Resistance 0.002 0.003 0.009 O. Oí 1 0.014 the rich - LOI,% 3.3 5.2 9.0 1_ * _ ~? _. ^ • _ * 18.1 Pore size porosimet ría 1 íúcida Caulter, ¡m Min 5,570 5,386 3,734 2,628 1,697 Max 42.24 42.24 26.07 17.8C < 12.43 Med i a 8,875 8,507 5,753 4,425 3,497 In the previous Table and in the subsequent Tables, the entry "n.d." it means detented, in the cases of Examples 6 and 11, since the porosity was too low for a final determination by Frazier. Manual sheets of fiberglass separator were produced by the same method from a composite raw material of 00% weight / pitch of Schuller 2ÍOX glass fibers, 10% weight / weight of glass fibers A20-BC- _ inch and 10% weight / weight of Schuller 206 glass fibers. The results of the test siege for the two control sheets are shown in Table SI, below! TABLE III grama e, g / a.2 117.1 Thickness, mm io.34 KPA) .857 g / m_ (20 KPa) 0.717 g / m: Traction, Nanftons per M MD 10.8 CD 11.0 Elongation% MD 0.70 CD 1.21 Permeability of Frazier 178.4 Absorption seconds / lO mm Rigidity, mg MD 980 CD 655 Pore size - first bubu method, μm 11.0 Pore size - porosity to liquid, Caulte > r, μm Min or _86 Max 65.97 Mad i to 12.98 Re nition n.d. electric LOI,% 0.31 The thickness an mm x 1000 of samples of aian leaves _7 produced in accordance with that described in Examples 2 to 6 and of the control sheets was also determined under various loads, tatite in the condition produced as after having humidified sides with 7 times its dry weight of sulfuric acid, specific gravity 1,286 ,. All the thicknesses reported here were determined by the method described in the non-food patent Na. 5,336,275. The example numbers are column headings in Table IV, below, and thicknesses (the values reported eating thicknesses measured in mm x 100O) when the samples were in the production condition in applied loads in KPa indicated in the left column, they establish under the idenification headings: TABLE IV Ca.rga ap l icada, Contro l. E j. 2 E j. 3 E j. 4 E j E j KPa 3.79 38 36.5 31 28.5 26 27 6. 06 35 30.5 26 25.5 _____ 22 9. 51 29.5 __. * 23 23.5 21 19.5 13. 91 25.5 25.5 21 22.5 20 18.5 17. 57 * "? **? 23.5 20 21.5 19 17.5 23. 98 20 22.5 18.5 20 19 17 28. 87 19 21.5 17.5 19.5 18 16 »%} 42. 65 16.5 19 16.5 18.5 17 15.5 The thicknesses of "bounces" in mm x 1000 (after the removal of the excess of the load above 3.79 KPa of each sample "as produced") appear in Table V, under the headings that provide the applied load, and from which each sample "rabotó"; the values reported san 100 * 0 x thicknesses in mm in the loads indicated in the left column of the Table: TABLE V Applied load, Control Ex. 2 Ex. Ex Ej E KPa 6.06 33.5 28.5 27.5 4.5 .6.5 9. 51 33 ^ 5 30.5 29 26.5 __xS »O 25.5 13. 91 31.5 27 25 .5 __.._! 26 17. 57 29.5 28.5 25.5 5 26 23. 98 29 * _, > _. 25 25 .5 25 28. 87 28 27.5 25 24.5 42.65 27 27 24 24.5 The data in Table IV and V is presented graphically in computer-generated Figures 4 to 9 of the drawings, where the charges appear in psi and successive points along the X axis, equally spaced between them, represent .55 psi ( 3.79KPa), 0.88 psi (6.06 KPa), 1.38 psi (9.51 .'Pa), 1.99 psi (13.71 K'Pa), 2.55 psi (17.57 KPa), 3.48 psi (23.98 KPa), 4.19 psi (28.87 KPa) ), and 6.19 psi (42.65 KPa). Therefore, Figures 4 to 9 are ceased in the sense that, for example, a distance does not enter the first point and the second point represents a change from 0.55 psi (3.79 KPa) to 0.88 psi (6.06 I Pa), while the same distance between the last two points represents a change from 4.39 psi (28.87 KPa) to 6.19 psi (42.65 KPa). With the object to represent the data of the control sheets and of Example 2 in a more conventional graph, the thickness and the rebound thickness (in more x 1000), were calculated according to the interpolation from the data par.par lasanta the for the charges of 0.69pas? f4.75 KPa), 1.19 psi (8.20 HPa., 1.69 psi (11.64 KPa), 2.19 psi (15.09 KPa), 2.69 pi (18.53 KPa), 3.19 (21.98 KPa), 3.69 p_? (25.42 KPa), 4.69 psi (32.31 KPa), 5.39 psi (35.76 KPa), and 5.69 psi (39.20 KPa). These and the experimental values (in m, 1000) at 4.19 psi (28.86 KPa) and at 6.19 psi (42.65 KPa) appear Tables VI and VII, repsactively: EXAMPLE VI Applied load, Control, Ejeaiplo 2, Control, Example 2, KPa blade thickness rebound bounce .75 36.7 34 8.20 31.6 28.6 .4.8 so 11. 64 28. O 26.7 32.3 30 15.09 24.3 2 .8 30.5 29.6 18.53 22.8 23.8 29.5 28. 4 21.98 20.6 > 1 29.2 28.4 25.42 20.3 ** ^ *** > and 28.7 27 .5 28.86 30 22.5 28 27 .5 32.31 19.2 21 .7 27.8 27.4 35.76 18.3 20.8 27 .5 27 .3 39.20 17 .4 20.2 27.3 27.2 42.65 16.5 1 27 27 The data in Table VI are graphically represented in Figures 16 and 17, which are graphs generated by computation using charges in KPa. Sa will watch. qua the curves of Figures 16 and 17 are similar in appearance to the corresponding curves of Figures 4 and 5, which is considered qua indicates that valid conclusions can be reached from the curves ceased. The measurements of thickness and thickness of the rebars were also made in the separating materials of Examples 2 to 6 and controlled after the humidification of the materials with sulfuric acid qua having a specific gravity of 1,286. The loads applied in KPa are provided in the left column of Table VII, with an inuación, and the thicknesses sa show the headings that identify the samples, the thicknesses reported are IOOO times lo; measured thickness of the separator in mm: TABLE VII Applied load, Control Ex. 2 Ex. 3 Ex. 4 Ex E.i. 6 KPa 36 20.5 28 29 27.5 27.5 6. 06 T »" 7 26 26 25 24_5 9. 51 28.5 24 23 24 r- ^ r- 13.91 _6.5 * "? ^ 21 22.5 20.5 20.5 17. 57 24 21.5 20 21.7 19.5 19 23. 98 20.5 20.5 19 20 19 17.5 28. 87 19 19.5 18 19 18 16.5 42. 65 17.5 17.5 16.5 17.5 16.5 15.5 The "bounce" thicknesses (after removal of the excess charge above 3.79 KPa of each sample that has been fused with sulfuric acid) appear in Table VIII, with then adjacent entries in the left column provide the load that was applied , and from which each sample "bounced"; the reported values are 1000 x thicknesses measured in m) s TABLE VIII Applied load, Control E. 2 Ex. Ex. 4 Ex. 5 Ex. 6 KPa 6.06 32.5 27.5 26.5 27.5 27 25.5 9. 53 v_ 3 25 »5 2. 26.5 25 24.5 13. 91 29 22.5 25 25 25 17.57 27.5 25.5 25 25 25 23.5 23. 98 24.5 24.5 24 25 24. 5 23.5 28. 87 24 24.5 2_¡ 25 24 42. 5 23.5 24.5 24 24.5 24. 5 The data in Tables VII and VIII appear in Figures 10 to 15 in the form of graphs, where the loads are set in KPa. The data in Tables IV, V, VII and VI? and Figures 4-15 indicate that the spacer materials of Examples 2 to 6, above, have elbows sufficient in elasticity such that they can be coatered into the < = plates of a lead battery, and that its main surfaces are eamed against the adjacent plates with sufficient force for the battery to perform satisfactorily. FJEMPLOS 7-11 Fiberglass separator hand sheets were also produced by the method described in Example 1 from other raw materials containing various amounts of pulp for the raft paper that had been shaken until a consistency of 0.9906% and a Canadian freedom e-57cc, and which were then submerged in a latex, 3% weight / pseso of solids. The final compositions, in percentage weight / step, of the representative raw materials appear in Table IX, below, and the properties of the separators produced from the raw materials are established in the. Table X below, where the thickness of the separating material is e p e a, in m s TABLE IX Composition Example 1 Ejeas Example Ejeaiplo E jemp o de materia 7 8 9 lO 11 p r i «.a 210X 79 73 70 6" Fibers A20-BC 10 lO IC10 lO _ inch 206 10 lO IO 10 lO Cellulose 1 7 lO 15 TABLE X Propriety Axis Example Example Example Axis 7 8 9 10 11 raaia je 121.6 121.9 127.5 123.1 122.7 g / m2 Thicken, mm (10.34 KPA) 0.792 0.778 0.750 0.74: 0.603 (20 KPa) 0.760 0.745 O.720 0.698 0.585 Trace i on, ewfcons / m MD 93. O 120.6 3.39.2 CD 80.6 102.0 122.0 1x39, 1 _) Cf «-" Elongation% MD 1.8 * ^ > * 1.9 2.3 1.9 CD 1.5 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.0 Per «, eb iity of Fr i er 8.91 5.08 1.39 O. 18 n.d. Absorption according to 10 m 225 184 253 261 391 Ri idez, mg MD 2500 3400 4300 4700 4600 CD 220O 2800 .900 3900 3700 Taai or pore - bubuja pri method, μm 16.8 16.1 19.4 ÍO.S .5.4 Pore size im ated 1 iqui da Coul er, μm 55 Min 5,283 4,726 3,427 I .092 Max 46.54 40.89 27.52 21.73 I I .88 Medi 9,550 7,881 5,839 4,902 2,920 LOI,% 6.7 8.4 12.7 17.3. 21.3 EXAMPLES 12-16 Other hand sheets of fiberglass separator were produced by the method described in example 1 from substantially the raw material of examples 7-11 which contained several small amounts of papal kraft pulp that had been whipped up to a consistency of 1.2x35% and a Canadian freedom of 57cc. The final compositions, in percentage weight / weight, of the representative priates materials appear in Table XI, below, and their properties are set forth in Table XII, below, where the thickness sa establishes in mm: TABLE XI Compo Eje tion Example Example Axis of Mathematics 12 13 14 15 16 premium 210X 77 79 79 ^ 7% Fiber A20-BC 10 10 10 10 10 _ inch ~ -20_ 10 lO lO 10 lO Cellulose? TABLE XII Property Example Example Exemplar E j em lo E j em 1 or 1 T 14 15 16 gram 118.4 115.6 117.2 116.4 116.3 g / m2 Thickness, asym0.3 KPA) 0.757 0.751 O.778 O, 74 0.79"( 20 KPa) O. 6 O "694 0.716 Drive, Newtons / as MD 49.5 25.3 23.8 20.0 18.5 CD 43.8 20.2 20.7 20.0!. J" Elongation% MD 8.41 5.75 6.58 6.68 7.82 CD 8.23 6.48 6.06 6.13 8.89 Permeab i 1 da da Frazier 129.6 175 .: 175.2 186.4 200.8 Absorption followed / 10 asm '72 67 62 Surface area 0. 874 O .63.3. O 603 O.6513 0.7030 Car. 9.9970 9.9962 9.9991 9.9962 9.9970 Txfn or pore pore imet r ia 1 fluid Caul er, μm Mi 6. BEAR 5,941 7. TOO 6,496 7,589 Ma 44.71 50.49 6 .08 70.13 78.26 Med ia 10.65 12.04 12.59 12.17 LOI,% O.46 1.56 1.28 O.89 0.75 Manual blades of control fiberglass separator were produced by the asisaso from a raw material that was composed of 80% weight / step of idrio Schuller 210X fiber, 10% weight / weight of glass fibers A-20 -BC 1/2 inch and 10% weight / weight of fiber of idrio Schuller 206. The results of the test, an average of days, appear in Table XIII, a. with inuación, where the thickness arises in m s TABLE XIII gramme e, g / fts_ 113.7 Thickness, armholes (10.34 KPa) O.742 (20 KPa) 0.600 Trace ion, Newtons / MD lO.l CD 11.0 Elongation% MD 0.96 CD 1.27 Peraseab i 1 Frazier Absorption seconds / 1O mm The data regarding the permeability of Frazier of Table X (examples 12 to 16) and of Table XI (for the corresponding controls) are shown graphically in Figure 1, which is a computer-generated graph of the parsiiea i 1 Frazier's identity (called CFM in the drawing.) versus the cellulose content. It will be observed that figure 1 has: points in row X for 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, 2.0, 2.25, 2.5 and 2.75% pulp. In order to make the graph show psto poles, for which there are no experimental data, the F'razier permeate was calculated for each of these pulp contents by interpolation between the experimental values at 1.0% and 3.0%. The experimental and calculated data entered to generate figure 2 appear below:% weight / weight cellulose Frazier's permeability O. O 27.8 0.25 | 25 »05 O.5 | 23.25 0.75 j 21.9 1.0 | 21.85 1.25 (cale) | 21.14 1.5 (cale) | 20.44 1.75 (cale) | 19.73 2.0 (cale) | 19.03 2.25 (cale) j 18.32 2.5 (cale) | 17.61 2.75 (cale) | 16.91 3.0 j 1.6.2 The data regarding the tensile strength from Table XII and Table XSII are graphically represented in Figure 2, which is composed of two graphs generated by computation of the tensile strength in pounds per inch (in the machine direction, in one case, and in the cross direction in the other case) versus cellulose content. It will be noted that figure 2 has points on the X axis psara 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, 2. 0, 2.25, 2.5 and 2.75% pulp. In order for the graph to show these points in ordinate, for which there is no experimental data, the tensile strength in both directions was calculated for each of these pulp contents by interpolation between the experimental values of 1.0% and 3%. .C < %. The experimental and calculated data entered to generate Figure 2 appear in conti uae ion; % step / weight of traction cellulose, MD (pounds per inch) 0.O 1.46 O.25 2.685 0.5 2.90 0.75 2.455 0 lO 4.07 1.5 (cale) 4.52 1.75 (cale) 4.96 2.0 (cale) 5.41 5 2.25 (cale) 5.85 2.5 (cale) 6.29 2.75 (cale) 6.74 3.0 7.18 -O% weight / weight of traction cellulose, CD (pounds per inch) 0.0 1.55 0.25 2.54 0.5 __ »0.75 3.005 lO '"., 93 1.25 (cale) 3, .36 1.5 (cale) 3.79 1.75 (cale) 4 22 2.0 (cale) 4.65 2.25 (cale) 0. O7 2.5 (cale) 5, .50 If the calculated data were not plotted, the computer generated graph would move the point qua representing 3.0% step / weight of pulp to the left to the point that represents 1.25% weight / weight of pulp in figure 2, from such a sianara that the sa curves would rise sharply from the tensile strengths of 1.93 and 3.63 to 1.0% weight / weight of pulp until resistance to traction of 6.36 and 7.10 to 3.0% weight / weight of pulp, but the distance along the ee X from 10 to 3.0 would be the same as the distance between 0.75 and 10 EXAMPLES 17-24. fiberglass separator by the method described in Example 1 with priastic materials containing 35 parts by weight of glass fiber 206, 65 parts in step of fiberglass 210 and at the same time 1-2 parts by weight of graft pulp qua had 4: been beaten to various Canadian freedoms. The Canadian freedom of a representative raw material and various properties of the separators produced therefrom are presented in Table XIV, below, where the thickness is stable in asm. Due to the small size of the samples and due to the uniformity of the raw materials, the loss on ignition ("LOI") of the manual sheets is the best indication of the cellulose content of the "primary fabric" from what was produced. It can be seen that a sisanual leaf that does not contain cellulose has an ignition loss of approximately 1/2%.

TABLE XIV P a lledad Example Example 1 Example E jeatp 1o 17 18 19 20 Liba ad Canadian 660 548 420 8 ama je 147 143 141 143 g / m2 Espsasar, asm ÍO KPa 0.96 0.92 0.88 O.89 KP 0.84 0.81 0.81 O.88 50 KPa 0.79 0.70 0.70 0.68 Total traction prorn., 1.8 2.3 2.3 1.9 pounds per inch Average elongation,% 2.2 2.4 2.8 2.1 Loss of ignition,% 1.6 Average traction 0.0122 0.0161 0.0163 0.0133 g / m2 Prap iadad E jem 1st Sample Example E jeiisplo 21 22 24 Canadian freedom 120 40 30 20 Gram je 143 14: 137 146 g / a.2 10 Thickness, mm lO KPa O. .97 O.91 0.94 0.92 20 KPa 0. .84 0.80 0.82 0.82 50 KPa o. , 73 0.70 0.70 0.72 Total traction pram., ^ > .4 2.5 3.0 4.5 5 1 Ibras per inch. Average elongation,% 2.2 2.3 2.3 *? Loss of ignition,% 1.8 1.5 1.8 Proximal traction 0.0133 0.0176 0.0219 0.0308 g / m2 0 EXAMPLES 25-32 Other manual sheets of fiberglass separator were produced by the method described in example 1 a. starting from you would kill priasas that contained 35 parts in step of fiber of _.- > 206 glass, 65 parts by weight of glass fiber, and 3-5 parts by weight of pulp for kraft paper that had been beaten to various Canadian freedoms. The Canadian freedom of a representative raw material and several properties of the separators produced therefrom appear in Table XV, below, where thickening is given in mm; TABLE XV Property Example Example Example E xemple 1 25 26 27 28 Canadian freedom 660 548 420 225 Graaia je 148 1 4 1 -Q 141. g / m2 T "total pro action, 3.0: .7: .S pounds pair inch Elongation proasedia,% 1.9 2.5 3.1 * - * 7 Loss of ignition,% T sñ 3.7 0f _ o 4.0 Average traction O. O 176 O .0208 O. O 1 6 0.0199 g / m2 _.V Propied d E jem 1st Se v e rm e m e n e 1 Examples 29 30 31 32 Canadian freedom 120 40 30 20 S aces 141 140 141 141 g / m2 Total traction prows., .s 5.1 7.0 pounds per inch Average elongation,% 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.0 Loss of ignition,% 4.5 3.6 3.6 4.1 Average traction 0.0 * 2 8 0.0250 0.0362 0.0496 g / m2 EXAMPLES 33-40 Other hand sheets of fiber separator were prepared. glass by the ethate described in the sheet 1 from raw materials containing 35 parts by weight of glass fiber 20.6, 65 parts by weight of glass fibers 210, and 9 to 11 parts by weight of paper pulp kraft that had been beaten to several Canadian liberties. Freedom Canadian raw material represents VAT and various properties of the separators produced from it appear in Table XIV, below, where the thickening is provided in ms. _o TABLE X \ n Propriety Example example Ejaasp1o Exemp 1o 33 34 35 36 Freedom cañad iense 660 548 420 Brama ja 148 146 1 0 145 __o g / _ Total traction pram », 2.5, 8 4.5 5.1 pounds per inch Average elongation,% 2.1 2.1 2.

Loss to light,% 13.3 11.5 8.7 1O.0 Average traction O. 169 0.0261 0.031 0.0364 g / m2 Pro age The E xample E easplo E a p 37 37 39 39 Canadian freedom 120 -q 30 20 Grama je 138 144 1 0 150 g / m2 Trac t ion tota l p roas. , 6.9 7.8 9. pounds per inch Average elongation,% - ^ __. 2. 1.8 T1 T Loss of ignition,% 12. O 10.6 13.5 11.0 Projection 0.0500 0.0542 0.0643 .0887 g / m2 As indicated above, a remarkable increase in tensile strength is achieved when a separating material according to the present invention is produced using pulp that has been beaten, or refined to a Canadian freeness no greater than approximately 120 ce. This increase is illustrated by means of the data of Examples 17 to 40 regarding the tensile strength of spacer materials according to the present invention produced from raw materials containing various amounts of wood pulp which has been refined to different Canadian liberties. The data regarding the average tensile strength in g / m2 of their Canadian freedom are shown graphically in diagrams A, B and C, in addition. Diagram A is a graph of the data indicated from examples 17 to 24; to diagram B is a graph of the data indicated from examples 25 to 32; and the diagram C is a graph of the data indicated from examples 33 to 40.

Traction 0 Canadian Freedom Diagram A 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 L iber tad Canada iagram B Tra ct ion 100 200 300 400 500 ßoo 700 L Canadian freedom Chart C It has been found that the separator material produced in accordance with that described in each of the examples Anteroras can be loaded to conventional apparatus to make paper, and "formed gives new pulp", and s. be the only source of fiberglass and cellulose fibers well supplemented with additional glass fibers and additional cellulose fibrils to produce a raw material that can be deposited on the moving mesh of a papal making device in accordance with described above to produce a separating material. As a consequence, there is no need to discard any part of the spacer material in accordance with the present invention; The opposite can be recycled. In addition, the separating device according to the present invention has an improved resistance to. the punctures in comparison with an identical separating material that does not contain cellulose fibers; As a consequence, increased yields of batteries of ploaics can be obtained, with metal lattices that are exposed or continuously drawn. Coms has been explained above, a separator material made from μs lasaras fibers that provide the ho with an absorbency greater than 90% and second fibers qua provide the ho with an absorbency lower than 80% where the first fibers and the second fibers are present, in proportions such that the tanga sheet absorbs costs between 75 and 95%, when it is saturated with electrolyte, it still has unfilled holes so that the gas can pass from plate to plate for its recombination. A separating material of this type can be produced in accordance with the present invention by adding it to a paste which contains, in suitable proportions, first fibers which give the oil an absorbency of greater than 90% and second fibers. They provide the ho with an absorbency of less than 80%, from 0.2% by weight to 20% by weight of a cellulose pulp having a Canadian freedom suf? ciently low so that a separating material produced starting from the pa_ >The resultant has a greater tensile strength than an otherwise identical separation where the glass fibers having an average diameter greater than 1 jia replace the cellulose fibrils. Preferably, the fibers provide the absorbency of less than 80% including relatively thick fibers, as well as hydrophilic organic fibers, polyester fibers, polypropylene, acrylic and psylester. of preferred hydrophobic organic fibers. A preferred separator according to the invention qua having an absorbency (in accordance with what is defined in the Badger identified patent of 75 to 95% which, in an electrolyte-saturated state, still has unfilled voids in such an attachment). the gas can transfer? plate to plate plate recommendation contains 33.6 parts by weight of glass fibers Schullar 206 or equiv, 50.4 part_ ars weight of Schuller 210X fibers or equivalent, 11 parts by weight of fibers of vidries Schullar A20-BC 1 / 2 inch to equivalent, and 5 partea in step of fibers of palethylene, and, in addition, of. % weight / step at 20% weight / weight of cellulose fibrils from a paste which has a Canadian freedom sufficiently low that the handle epal separator t > ? nga a resistance to the traction may-sr that a separator for another parta identical in where as glass fibers having an average diameter greater than 1 μm replace the cellulose fiber. It will be noted that various changes and modifications can be made to the specific features of the invention in accordance with what is described above without departing from the "T-spirit n of the scope of the same as defined in the re i v a n d i c a c i o n t a n e x a.

Claims (13)

1. RE1VINDICAC IONCS 1. A fiberglass separator material comprising a mass of glass fibers in e-mixed, with all the fibers having a fiber diameter no greater than approximately 20μm, and 5% w / w which have a fiber diameter of less than 1 μm and, distributed in the glass fibers, give 0.2% weight / weight to 20% weight / weight of cellulose fibrils from a paste having a sufficiently low Canadian freedom of such Will the material know how to resist resistance to the a.cc? More than a separator for another identical part where glass fibers having a diameter greater than 1 μm replace cellulose fibrils.
2. 2. A glass fiber separator material according to claim 1 wherein the cellulose fibrils are impregnated with a solid, proprietary resin.
3. 3. A glass fiber separator material in accordance with Claim 2 provides the solidified synthetic resin with which the cellulose fibrils are impregnated is one liter. synthetic, soli ificada.
4. 4. A glass fiber separator material according to claim 1 wherein the cellulose fibrils are redwood fibrils is well cedar fibrils.
5. 5. The separating material of glass fibers according to the indication 1 where the cellulose fibrils come from a paste having a Canadian lilsartad of greater than 100 and
6. 6. A fiber separating material of v? Dr_? Ex_conformity with claim 1 wherein the cellulose fibrils adjacent to one of the two opposite major surfaces are impregnated with a synthetic, solidified resin, while the cellulose fibrils adjacent to the other of the two opposite major surfaces are impregnated therewith.
7. 7. A separate material of glass fibers according to claim 5 wherein the resin if solidified with which the fibrils give cellulose is pre-treated is a synthetic, solidified latex.
8. 8. A separating material of glass fibers according to claim 1 wherein there are also synthetic fibers hydrophobic in the aiasa of glass fibers, the synthetic fibers are intermixed with the glass fibers and between aliases, and the size distribution It gives the glass fibers and the proportions between glass fibers and synthetic fibers are thixile that the separator has an absorbency for sulfuric acid electrolyte of 75% volume / volume at 95% volume / volume.
9. 9. A glass fiber separating material of confor- sity with claim 8 wherein the hydrophobic synthetic fibers include polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, acrylic fibers, or fibers of a poly- ester.
10. 10. A separating material gives glass fibers that compose an interspersed fiber glass handle, substantially all of which have a fiber diameter no greater than about 20 μ, and to the aseries 5% weight / weight of fiber. which have a fiber diameter of less than 1 μ, and, distributed in the glass fibers, from 0.2% as / weight to 20 * 4 pass / weight of cellulose fibrils from a paste that has a Canadian freedom. I would like to make such a snanara that a battery made with the separator has a useful life, when subjected to cycles, to the hands 30% greater than a separator by another identical string in which fibers of diameter that have a diameter average greater than 3 μm replace cellulose fibrils.
11. 11. A glass fiber separator material according to claim 1 wherein are also hydrophobic fibers 1, 2 or side or b_camμanen < A core-wrapping qua include polyester full poly tarps, polypropylene, acrylic or polyester.
12. 12. A ploasan / salted sulfuric acid storage battery comprising a plurality of p 3 -no plates in a closed cell. , a fibrous sheet plate separator between adjacent plates, and an electrolyte body of sulfuric acid absorbed by each of > ! _ • said separators and kept in contact with each of said adjacent Inca p, each of said separator sheets comprises a mass of intermingled glass fibers, all of which have a fiber diameter no greater than about 20 * μs, at least 5% step / weight of which have a fiber diameter less than 1 μm, and, distributed in the glass fibers, from 0.2% step / weight to 20% weight / weight of cellulose fibrils from a paste which has a Canadian freedom sufficiently such that the separating material has a tensile strength sisayar qua a separator for another identical part where glass fibers having an average diameter greater than 1 μm replace the cellulose fibrils.
13. 13. Ursa storage battery recomb blanket of sealed lead / sulfuric acid comprising one. plurality gives plates plauso in a closed ca ^ a plate separator ho to fibs-bear between adjacent plates, and an electrolyte body of sulfuric acid absorbed by each of said separators and kept in contact with each of said plates adjacent, each of said separator sheets comprises a mass of intermingled glass fibers, their tanc? All of which have a fiber diameter no greater than about 20 μm, and at least 5% weight / weight of which have a fiber diameter of less than 1 μm, and, distributed through the glass fibers, from O.2% weight / step to 20% w / w of cellulose fibrils from a country that has a Canadian freedom that is sufficiently low in such a way that the battery has a useful life, when subjected to cycles, to sleep os 3 C < % stsayor that the battery made from an otherwise identical separator where glass fiber having an average diameter greater than 1 μm replace the cellulose fibrils.