MXPA98010021A - Water deflector for water columns-subacuum explosion gas - Google Patents

Abstract

An explosive discharge protection has two connected parts, a foraminous internal protection surrounded by a waterproof external protection, the internal protection has an open lower end to absorb an explosive discharge of water and gas, as well as an underwater explosion, the internal protection, whose area is covered approximately 20% of holes, blocks most of the liquids that enter the space between the two protections, but the gas passes through the holes to equalize the pressure in the internal protection, the protection may include a chimney at the upper end to release the gas and a fastener to prevent the protection from being blown up

Description

WATER DEFLECTOR FOR WATER-GAS COLUMNS OF SUBACUUM EXPLOSIONS DESCRIPTIVE MEMORY The present invention relates to an apparatus for absorbing explosive energy »and very particularly for absorbing energy in a mixture of an explosive column of liquid and expanding gas» such as that of an underwater explosion. The patent of E.U.A. No. 5 »32B» 403 »describes an apparatus that uses a blast wave of an explosive charge to soften the flesh at the base of a steel blasting container» called a holding tank 50 »the sual is open at the top . The hemispherical base of the retention tank is lined with the meat that is going to soften and fill with water. An explosive charge is mounted on the geometrical center of the hemisphere and detonated. Shock waves pass through the flesh »softening it. To contain the explosive force and the mixture of water and gas with rising impulse, a hydraulically damped protection 52 is described. It has been discovered that a large part of the force of the explosion is not associated with the gas bubble formed by the explosive by-products and vapor "but is the movement of the water blown upwards by the expanding gas. The hot gas is much less dense than water and its impulse is therefore much less. The protection 52 does not take into account this impulse difference »and therefore directly takes the total force of the water. As a result »such protection must be firmer than desired. In addition »because the protection 52 is phytoconical» the upward bursting water tends to concentrate in the flat nozzle of the cone. The water propelled towards a large solid angle is channeled in a narrow sanal and stops suddenly. This makes the maximum instantaneous force greater. In addition »simple frustoconical protection 52 does not do much to prevent water from spilling. As the protection is pushed up by the explosion, the water that still flows rapidly from the inside tends to come out of the space between the holding tank and the shield 52 that is rising. Although not directly relevant to the containment of a column of water moving upwards from an explosion occurring below the water level, DE 26 2B 547 A describes a vehicle for safely transporting the explosive material to avoid possible damage to the person or property if the explosive material is detonated. An open container at the top and bottom is formed of a series of concentric cylinders 7 »B and 9» the interior still below 9 is formed of expanded metal. Small pieces of rubber 12 are placed between the cylinders B and 9 and sand between the cylinders 7 and 9. A wire net 13 is provided near the base in order to hold the explosive. The patent of E.U.A.

A-4079 612 discloses a dome-shaped chamber 1 formed of two concentric metal covers 2 and 3 with an insulation against noise (sand) 4 between them. The chamber is used to conduct explosion treatments and is adapted to contain a work table »etc; at the upper end of the chamber a tube 8 is provided for ventilation. The object of the present invention is, among others, to overcome the deficiencies in the absorption of energy from underwater explosions in the prior art, such as in the environment observed above. The invention thus provides an explosion protection of multiple parts that separates the water from the gas in the columns of underwater explosions. An external protection »essentially non-perforated to fluids» includes an internal protection that is permeable. The internal protection preferably has approximately 0% of its surface area in total openings such as circular holes. The fluid can pass through such holes. An intermediate annular space is located between the internal protection and the external protection »forming a buffer chamber. Both protections are open at the base "and the buffer chamber is preferably also open at the base. The edges of the inner and outer protections are preferably aligned in the vertical direction "ie they are coaxial" so that the thickness of the annular space is radially consistent.

The cavity inside the internal protection faces the holding tank full of water and an explosive. When the explosion occurs »the gas with outward pressure pushes the water forward and» since the range is turbulent »drags the water. A lot of water goes into the internal protection at a very high speed. Since the water is dense and has a great impulse, it is difficult to deflect it compared to gas. Water that hits a hole in the foraminous internal protection will pass through the holes and hit the inside of the waterproof outer protection. Since the holes are only 20% of the area of internal protection, this represents approximately 20% of the force in the external protection, which would be eliminated if internal protection did not exist. The gas that hits the solid areas of the internal protection is diverted more easily and is controlled by a locally lower pressure in the holes. It returns and passes through the separating chamber between the internal and external protections. Some water returns through the lateral velosity of the gas that passes through the holes "but the large portions of water will have a lot of momentum and will hit the internal protection; in this way »internal protection will receive a great boost. Since the internal protection is elastic in some way "and there is also some elasticity in the internal protection assembly inside the external protection" there will be a moment delay in the impulse transferred to the external protection of the water that hits the internal protection. < The internal protection must be diverted internally and / or moved upwards before it can exercise in external protection; since it has an appreciable mass that will accelerate in a relatively slow way and take some time to move up). In this way »the impact of the explosion will extend over a longer period» resulting in a lower force of the external protection and the mounting equipment of the protection. Shortly after the column of gas and water hits the internal protection »a large proportion of the gas that is diverted will have easily entered the buffer chamber and a greater proportion of the dense water will remain within the internal protection. Because the gas can quickly enter the buffer chamber, the pressure in the buffer chamber soon approaches the pressure within the internal protection. At this point »the outward flow of gas and water through the holes in the internal protection will cease. As the energy of the explosion dissipates, "therefore," most of the water column remains within the internal protection. The diameter of the internal protection is preferably selected to approach the retention tank below and thus the volume of water simply falls back into the holding tank. In comparison with the explosion absorbers of the prior art, the strong movement of gas and liquid within the protections is further damped by the friction of the gas passing through the holes. This means that although the total upward impulse to be absorbed is almost the same as without the foraminous internal protection »the energy absorbed by the assembly is smaller, and therefore the assembly is not required to be built firmly. In brief »the present invention reduces the spillage of the holding tank and reduces the strength and energy that the waterproof protection must absorb as well as its assembly. One embodiment of the present invention includes a third element "a deflector disposed within the inner protection", for example, centrally at its upper end. In the preferred embodiment, the internal protection has a cylindrical portion open at the lower edge (generally adjacent to the upper edge of the holding tank) and joined upwards by a circular dome. Since the impulse of the explosion is generally upward, the upper part of the internal protection dome supports the weight of the explosion column above water and gas. The deflestor has a form, for example of an inverted cone (with the tip pointing downwards), which diverts the upward impulse of water and gas. The inverted cone baffle of the present invention has an opposite effect to the frustoconus with upward tip of the shield 52 described in the patent t 03. The shield 52 laterally concentrates the column and suddenly stops it at the tip of the cone. To the extent that water and compressed gases exit the cone downwards, the transmission of impulse to protection 52 increases. On the other hand, the inverted cone deflector of the present invention disperses the column by deflecting it outward to strike the interior of the internal protection. The above reduces the upward force of the column "because the components of the pulse radially outward from the deflected column do nothing to increase the explosion protection.; the outward jets can be spilled up and down the internal protection wall to eliminate the horizontal impulse of the radial columns. By the sonar, the columns that are drawn into the upward tip cone 52 can not be spilled downwards due to the concentration of the column. In this way »the tension in the retentions is reduced in the present invention. The outward deflection of the present invention also spreads the kinetic energy of the column in a large internal area of the inner shield rather than concentrating the energy in a lower volume at the tip of the cone 52. This reduces the internal stress and allows a construction lighter The deflector "as well as the internal protection" can be optionally foraminous. A chimney can be mounted above the deflector »especially if the B deflector is foraminoso. The chimney, a pipe that connects the interior of the internal protection to the exterior of the apparatus »diverts the water» but allows the gas to escape from the internal protection. The foregoing and other objects as well as the nature and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of an embodiment taken in conjunction with the drawings "wherein: Fig. 1 is a partially sectioned elevation view" of a protection against explosion according to the present invention; Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view along lines II-II of Figure i; and Figure 3 is a perspective, partially sectioned and explored view of the upper portion of the invention. Figure 1 shows an explosion protection 100 water diversion of several parts »in general» placed in the possible means of use of the USP 5 »328» 03 »although it should be understood that other means of use are also possible. A foraminous internal protection 10 comprises a plurality of openings or through holes 11 'so that the surface area of the inner protection IO is approximately 2054 open. What surrounds the internal protection 10 is an external protection 20 which is substantially impervious to water »without any opening» to contain the fluids inside. The internal and external protections are preferably formed of stainless steel of large diameter or a similar force »a heavy material capable of withstanding explosive discharges. Both of these protrusions are preferably in the form of dome-shaped cylinders. The internal protection 10 has an open lower end facing an explosive discharge. The internal protrusion 10 and the outer shield are connected near its lower edges by a lower flange 121"reinforced by brackets 123" and at the upper ends by an upper flange 122. The assembly is preferably welded »although other means of welding can be used. connection of adequate resistance. In this way, the two protests 10 and 20 are connected to form a single integral download protection 100. Between the internal protection 10 and the external protection 20 there is a space 3? which is annular along the cylindrical portion of the protection 100. The lower flange 121 includes passages 125 which allow water to drain from the chamber 30. The chamber 30 is open in the interior from where the internal protection 10 to the plural holes 11 »but closed on the outside by the external protection solid 20. The dessarga protection 110 of the present invention is intended for use in containment of explosive discharges that include a liquid column, such as the results of an underwater explosion. In figure 1 »I was shows an illustrative structure, of the same type described in USP 5 »328,403. A holding tank T is filled with water W and an explosive charge E. When the explosive charge is detonated, the gases and the water column are directed upwards to contain themselves in the protection of the investment. As described above, the holes 11 in the internal protection 10 help to reduce the impasto in the external prothesis 20 »absorb the energy of the explosion» and are have a greater part of the water inside the internal protsionion so that the water drains directly down into the holding tank T. The water that is poured through the holes 11 in the chamber 30 is drained through the holes 125 and the lower flange 121 and the holes 124 in the upper flange 122. Figure 2 in cross-section shows lower holes 125 and brackets 123 for reinforcement of plan view. The dessarga protection 100 is coupled to a suitable support R by a bayonet type receiver having teeth 25? after the reduction »the discharge protection 100 is rotated on its axis so that the teeth 25 slide the respective teeth of the receiver extensions» blocking the discharge protection in position. Alternative fasteners or coupling means can be provided »including clamps» screws »a pin ring» similar releasable mechanical fasteners; solders or adhesives; massive pesos; flexible elements such as springs; energxa absorbing elements such as shock absorbers or similar; etc. Figure 3 shows the upper end of the discharge guard 100 »the sual includes a bony tubular shroud 40 covered with a cover 50 which is preferably permanently attached to the chimney 40 but for illustration is shown in Figure 3 in section» of so that the upper end 42 of the chimney 40 is visible. The sprays allow the gas to escape from the interior of the internal protection. Equivalent structures such as the holes may alternatively be used and / or the openings may be provided in the cover 50. Figure 3 also shows the upper flange 122 with its upper drainage holes 124 »welded or strongly connected and otherwise the internal protection 10 and the external protection 20. The chimney 40 extends downwards from the cover 50 through the external protection 20 and through the internal protection ÍO. The chimney 40 is preferably impermeable within the chamber 30 but foraminous within the space in the internal protection 10. To deflect the explosive column of gas and water upwards, the lower end of the chimney 40 is preferably covered with a foraminous baffle 60. The foraminous effect 60 may preferably be impermeable; preferably it is conical »but other less preferred shapes can also be used» especially those that include inclined sides »such as for example» points pointing downwards, auñas, ets. The preferred way that points down, where "points" refers to point. tip or edge »that is, covers the leakage currents and also the wedges that have a single point of a single point only in cross section. Such forms will deflect the column to the sides, dispersing the impact and reducing the transfer of impulse to the protection of dessarga. The Dessarga 100 protest of the present invention is intended for use in the containment of explosive discharges that include a liquid column, such as the result of an underwater explosion. In the exemplary structure of Figure 1 of the type described in USP 5 »32S» 403 »a holding tank T is filled with water W and contains an explosive charge E. When the explosive charge E is detonated, the gases and the column they are directed upwards to be contained by the protection of the invention. The holes 11 in the internal protection IO help to reduce the impact on the external protection 20, absorb the explosion energy, and contain most of the water within the internal protection IO »so that the water drains directly down into the the holding tank T. The water that is spilled through the holes 11 in the chamber 30 will drain through the holes 125 in the lower flange 121 and through the holes 124 in the upper flange 122. The terms "upper " '"lower", etc. they are descriptive of the preferred embodiment in which the explosion occurs in a lower container "but otherwise are for a convenient reference only and do not limit the invention to any orientation. The invention will work in spite of gravity or orientation »since the forces» pressures »and others resulting from an explosion are much greater than those of gravity. For example, if centrifugal force were applied to the apparatus, gravitational terminology would no longer be strictly adequate, but would still be descriptive; and if a gel replaced the water, the apparatus would go in any direction, even up and down. The internal protection may include openings of any shape »in any size distribution» and may comprise a mesh »chain link or similar structure» reinforced or hung from the outer shell; a discreetly attached member box such as bars or tubes; a honeycomb structure of locally aligned tubules generally radial to the direction of dessarga; and sombinasiones of the same and functionally equivalent structures »thus the preferred illustrated modality of a rigid lump are perforations. The external blanket may be of any shape and may include conventional shock absorbing materials or additional deviation or spill structures on its inner surface. The industrial applicability is explosive sounding. The problem solved by the invention is the containment of the water columns of the explosions. The above description of the specific modalities will reveal the general nature of the invention so completely that others, through the application of current knowledge, can modify and / or adapt for various applications of such specific modalities even without experimentation and without departing from the general concept. and "therefore" it is intended that such adaptations and modifications be within the equivalent meaning and plurality of the described modalities. It should be understood that the phraseology or terminology used herein is for the purpose of the description and not of limitation.

Claims (18)

HOVITY OF THE INVENTION CLAIMS

1. - A water restriction agent for the water-gas columns of underwater explosions and particularly for containing a column of water and water controlled by the explosion coming from the lower part of the discharge protection "comprising: a protection internal foraminous having an open lower end and a closed upper end; an external non-foraminous protection that is united and surrounds internal protection; and a spasm between internal protection and external protection; where the gas in the explosive column escapes more easily from the internal protrusion than the water in the explosive column.

2. The water restriction agent according to claim 1 comprises fixing means for maintaining the protection of the rears in a fixed position in a liquid bath in which it has an explosion.

3. The water-restricting agent according to claim 2, further characterized in that the suction means includes an annular edge that extends outwards from the internal protection.

4. The water restricting agent according to any of claims 1-3 »comprises a chimney for the exit of gas from the water restriction agent.

5. The water restriction agent according to claim 4 »further characterized in that the chimney is at least partially foraminous.

6. The water restraint agent according to claim 4 or 5 »further characterized in that the chimney includes a water deflector pointing downwards inside the internal protection.

7. The water restriction agent according to claim 6 »further characterized in that the baffle is water is foraminous.

8. The water restriction agent according to claim 6 or 7 »further characterized in that the water deflector is generally conical.

9. The water restriction agent according to any of claims 4-B »further characterized in that the chimney includes an upper end covered with a cover» the upper end and the cover have a space between them so that the gas escapes of the reefer agent through the chimney.

10. The restraining agent of water of soundness are any of claims 1-9 »further characterized in that the internal protection and the external protection have a cylindrical shape in the form of a dome.

11. The water restriction agent according to any of the claims I-IO »sarasterizado also because the space includes a space of substantially constant thickness between the internal protection and the external protection.

12. The water restricting agent according to any one of claims 1-11 »is also sarasterized because the internal and external protections are joined by means of connection including at least one flange connecting the internal protection and the external protection. 13.- The water quality restraining agent of claim 12 is comprised of drainage holes in the flange. 14. The water restricting agent according to any of claims 1-13 further characterized in that the foraminous internal protrusion suffers a surface area including approximately 20% through openings. 15. A water restricting agent for containing a controlled explosion and a column of gas and water moving upwards "comprising: a protection having an open lower end and a concentric interior and external shell, the internal shell has opening therein and the outer shell is substantially impermeable; chimney means for the gas outlet of the discharge protection; and a baffle within the internal blanket "mounted on the inner end of the shroud means and bypassing a point oriented down the length of the chute and comprising means to radially disperse the gas and water chute that moves upwards; where the gas from the explosive column moving upwards escapes through the internal shell »more than the liquid from the explosive column. 16. The water restriction agent according to claim 15 »further characterized in that the deflector is foraminous. 17. The water restriction agent according to claim 15 or 16 »further characterized in that the chimney means are at least partially intact. 18. The water restricting agent according to any of claims 15-17 »further characterized in that the shroud means include an upper end covered with a cover» the upper end and the cover have a space between them so that the gas escape from the restriction agent.