MXPA98008927A - Flexible foams and flexible molded foams based on diphenylmethane diisocianates with alofanate and procedures for the production of these espu - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to flexible foams and flexible molded foams prepared from an isocyanate component consisting of an allophanate-modified diphenylmethane diisocyanate. The present invention also relates to processes for the production of these flexible foams and flexible molded foams.

Description

FLEXIBLE FOAMS AND FLEXIBLE MOLDED FOAMS BASED ON DIFENYLMETHANE DIISOCIANATES MODIFIED WITH ALOFANATE AND PROCEDURES FOR PRODUCTION OF THESE FOAMS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to flexible foams and flexible molded foams prepared from an isocyanate component consisting of an allophanate-modified diphenylmethane diisocyanate. The present invention also relates to processes for the production of these flexible foams and flexible molded foams. Flexible polyurethane foams and processes for their preparation are known and are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. 4,478,960, 4,833,176, 4,876,292, 4,945,117, 5,070,114, 5,369,138, 5,521,225 and 5,521,226 and in European Patents 0010850 and 0022617. It is known that mixtures of diphenylmethane diisocyanate ( DIM), poly (phenylmethane isocyanate), prepolymers based on such materials and toluene diisocyanate are suitable for preparing flexible foams. See, for example, US Pat. 4,239,856, 4,256,849, 4,261,852 and 4,365,025. U.S. Pat. No. 5,070,114 describes the preparation of flexible foams prepared from prepolymers based on diphenylmethane diisocyanate (DIM) having a rather low NCO value and from an isocyanate-reactive composition containing relatively high amounts of water. U.S. Pat. No. 4,478,960 describes the preparation of flexible polyurethane from 1) a prepolymer based on DIM and, optionally, polymeric DIM and a polyol having from 5 to 30% by weight of oxyethylene groups, wherein the prepolymer has a content of . NCO groups of 12 to 30% by weight; 2) polymeric DIM if the 1) above is DIM; 3) a polyol having a low OE content, and 4) an insufflating agent. In U.S. Pat. No. 4,945,117 describes a process for the preparation of a flexible foam from a prepolymer having an NCO content of 15 to 30% by weight. These flexible foams are prepared from a polyol having a functionality of at least 4. The preparation of flexible foams from polyisocyanate prepolymers is described in US Pat. 5,369,138. The prepolymer reacts with water and a mixture of a polyol having a low oxyethylene content and a polyol having a high oxyethylene content.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,876,292 discloses an isocyanate-reactive mixture in particular suitable for preparing flexible polyurethane foams. This mixture consists of up to 3 parts by weight of an amine corresponding to a specific formula, up to 30% by weight of a polyoxyalkylenepolyamine having a molecular weight of about 400 to about 5,000 and containing from 2 to 3 primary amino groups and from 70 to 100% by weight of one or more polyether polyhydroxyl compounds having hydroxyl functionalities of 2 to 3 and molecular weights of 1,000 to 10,000. The polymethylene poly (phenyl isocyanates) or prepolymers thereof are suitable for reaction with these isocyanate-reactive mixtures. The process for producing flexible foams described in US Pat. No. 5,521,225 is the reaction of a polyisocyanate composition having an NCO group content of 10 to 25% by weight, with a specific polyol composition. Suitable polyisocyanate compositions consist of a) an isocyanate prepolymer having an NCO content of 5 to 15% by weight and which is prepared by reacting an excess of polyisocyanate and a polyol of functionality, equivalent weight and content of OE specified and b) a polyisocyanate having an NCO content of 30 to 33% by weight.

Allophanate modified isocyanates are also known in the art. Various isocyanates containing allophanate groups and processes for their production are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. 4,738,991, 4,866,103, 5,319,053 and 5,319,054; in European Patents 0.031.650 and 0.393.903 and in Patent GB 994,890. European Patent 0.393.903 is important; describes some examples in which flexible foams are prepared. These flexible foams, however, are produced from an allophanate-modified isocyanate based on DIM containing 20% by weight of the 2,4 'isomer of DIM and high molecular weight polyether polyols having a functionality of 2 to 3. The US Patent No. 4,738,991 is also of interest, in the sense that it describes an example where a flexible foam is prepared. This flexible foam, however, is produced from an allophanate-modified isocyanate based on toluene diisocyanate, which is prepared according to the process described therein. European Patent 0.031.650 describes isocyanates modified with allophanate based on DIM. These mixtures, however, consist of an allophonate modified DIM, which is the reaction product of an alcohol with an isocyanate based on DIM consisting of more than 20% by weight of the 2,4 'isomer of DIM. It also describes that these can be suitable isocyanates for the molding of flexible foams. Currently, it has been found that allophanated modified diphenylmethane diisocyanates can be used to produce flexible foams and flexible molded foams exhibiting excellent properties. More specifically, the flexible foams and the flexible molded foams produced with these allophanate-modified diisocyanates exhibit higher tear strengths, tensile strengths and elongations with pronounced profiles of final curing and reactivity. When compared to conventional and / or commercial isocyanates typically used in flexible foams and flexible molded foams, these diphenylmethane diisocyanates modified with allophanate give rise to foams having tear strengths that are 4 to 5 times higher and elongations that are 50 to 100% higher. It has also been observed that flexible foams and flexible molded foams produced with these allophanate-modified diphenylmethane diisocyanates have high compressive stabilities. However, the best strength properties make these foams very attractive for special applications, including, for example, packaging, toys, specialized medical seats and targets for archery. Another advantage offered by allophanated modified diphenylmethane diisocyanates is a larger processing window. Conventional systems based on polymeric DIM have a processing window between 115 and 140 ° F. Below molding temperatures of 115 ° F, the systems are sensitive to the tendency of the molding temperature to form a "skin" on the surface and form pressure voids. Allophanate-modified isocyanates extend the processing window to at least about 100 ° F, without loss of other processing requirements. This attribute provides a significant commercial advantage, which offers a solid system that is less given to problems due to variations in the molding temperature. It was also seen that the compressive stabilities of these foams could be decreased by mixing the modified diphenylmethane diisocyanates with allophanate with polymethylenepoly (phenyl isocyanates), ie, PMDI. When mixing PMDI with better compression stabilities, we saw that the addition of an amine-based alcohol crosslinker, such as, for example, diethanolamine (DEOA) further lowers the compression stability to the area where they would be useful as flexible foams for cars in, for example, headrests, armrests and seats. COMPENDIUM OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to flexible foams, flexible molded foams and processes for the production of these foams. These foams consist of the reaction product of A) an isocyanate component consisting of 1) a diisocyanate containing allophanate groups having an isocyanate group content of about 12 to about 32%., 5% by weight and which is prepared by reaction of an aliphatic and / or aromatic alcohol with a diphenylmethane diisocyanate consisting of i) from 0 to 60% by weight of 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, ii) not more than 6% by weight of 2,2'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and iii) the remaining 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, totaling the weight percentages of A) l) i), A) l ) ii) and A) l) iii) 100%; with B) an isocyanate-reactive component, in the presence of C) an insufflating agent containing water. The isocyanate-reactive component B) consists of 1) one or more polyether polyhydroxyl compounds having hydroxyl functionalities of about 1.5 to 6 and molecular weights of about 1,000 to about 10,000 and 2) one or more organic compounds having molecular weights of 90 to less than 1,000 and containing 2 to 4 isocyanate-reactive groups, which compound is selected from the group consisting of polyols, amines, aminoalcohols and their mixtures. In the present invention, the amounts of the components A), B) and C) are such that the isocyanate index is from 60 to 120. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the flexible foams and flexible molded foams consist of the reaction product of A) an isocyanate component consisting of 1) of 10 to 90% by weight, based on 100% by weight of A) 1) and A) 2), of an allophanate-modified diphenylmethane diisocyanate according to described above and 2) from 10 to 90% by weight, based on 100% by weight of A) 1) and A) 2), of an isocyanate consisting of: i) from 0 to 60 % by weight of 2,4 '-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, ii) not more than 6% by weight of 2,2'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, iii) from 30 to 100% by weight of 4,4-diisocyanate '-diphenylmethane and iv) from 0 to 60% by weight of higher functional isocyanates of the diphenylmethane series, where the percentages by weight of A) 2) i), A) 2) ii), A) 2) iii) and A) 2) iv total 100% in pe SW. In this particular embodiment, component B), the isocyanate-reactive component, consists of 1) one or more polyether polyhydroxyl compounds having hydroxyl functionalities of about 1.5 to 6 and molecular weights of about 1,000 to about 10,000; 2) one or more organic compounds having molecular weights of from 90 to less than 1,000 and containing from 2 to 4 isocyanate-reactive groups, which compound is selected from the group consisting of polyols, amines, aminoalcohols and their mixtures, and 3) one or more polyoxyalkylenepolyamines having molecular weights of from about 1,000 to about 7,000 and containing from about 2 to about 3 primary amine groups. The present invention also relates to a process for the production of flexible foams and to a process for the production of flexible molded foams, wherein the isocyanate component consists of an allophanate-modified diphenylmethane diisocyanate as described above. More specifically, these processes consist of the reaction of the isocyanate component A) with the isocyanate-reactive component B), in the presence of C) the insufflating agent. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Suitable isocyanates for use as component A) in the present invention include 1) diisocyanates containing allophanate groups having an isocyanate group content of about 12 to about 32.5% (preferably, about 19 to about 30%, more preferably 21 to 29%) by weight. These are prepared by reacting an aliphatic alcohol and / or an aromatic alcohol with a diphenylmethane diisocyanate consisting of: i) from 0 to 60% (preferably not more than 14, more preferably not more than 2%) by weight of 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, ii) not more than 6% (preferably not more than 2%) by weight of 2,2'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and iii) the diisocyanate being 4, 4 '-diphenylmethane, the% by weight of A being) l) i), A) l) ii) and A) 1) iii) a total of 100% by weight. These allophanate-modified diisocyanates are described in US Pat. 5,319,053, the description of which is hereby incorporated by reference. It is preferred to prepare these allophanate modified diisocyanates with aliphatic and / or aromatic alcohols of 8 carbon atoms or less. It is also possible that the isocyanate component A) contains A) 1) from 10 to 90% by weight, preferably from 15 to 85%, more preferably from 30 to 70% by weight, based on 100% by weight of components A) 1) and A) 2), of the allophanate modified diisocyanates described above, and A) 2) from 10 to 90% by weight, preferably from 15 to 85%, more preferably from 30 to 70% by weight, based on 100% by weight of the components A) 1) and A) 2), of an isocyanate consisting of: i) from 0 to 60%, preferably from 10 to 24%, in weight, 2,4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate; ii) not more than 6%, preferably less than 3%, by weight of 2,2'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate; iii) from 30 to 100%, preferably from 34 to 65%, by weight, of 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, and iv) from 0 to 60%, preferably from 20 to 56 %, by weight of higher functional isocyanates of the diphenylmethane series, totaling the weight% of A) 2) i), A) 2) ii), A) 2) iii) and A) 2) iv 100% by weight . The isocyanate-reactive components B) suitable for the present invention consist of B) 1) from about 70 to about 99.998% by weight, based on 100% by weight of component B), of one or more polyether polyhydroxyl compounds have hydroxyl functionalities from about 1.5 to about 6, preferably from about 1.5 to 3, and molecular weights from about 1,000 to about 10,000, preferably from about 1,000 to about 6,200, and B) 2 of about 0.002% a about 30% by weight, based on 100% by weight of component B), of one or more organic compounds having molecular weights of from 90 to less than 1,000, preferably from about 100 to about 400, and containing from 2 to 4, preferably from 2 to 3, isocyanate-reactive groups, wherein said organic compounds are selected from the group consisting of polyols, amines and aminoalcohols. It is preferred that the isocyanate-reactive component B) consists of B) 1) from 80 to 99.998% by weight of one or more polyether polyhydroxyl compounds and B) 2) from 0.002 to 20% by weight of one or more compounds organic High molecular weight polyethers suitable for use according to the invention are known and can be obtained, for example, by polymerizing tetrahydrofuran or epoxides such as, for example, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, styrene oxide or epichlorohydrin in the presence of suitable catalysts, such as, for example, BF3 or KOH, or by chemically adding these epoxides, preferably ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, in admixture or successively, to initiator compounds containing reactive hydrogen atoms, such as water, alcohols , diols, triols, etc. Examples of suitable initiator compounds include, for example, propylene glycol, glycerin, ethylene glycol, triethanolamine, water, trimethylolpropane, sorbitol, pentaerythritol, bisphenol A, sucrose, ethanolamine, etc. and its mixtures. It is preferred to use polyethers containing substantial amounts of primary hydroxyl groups in terminal positions (more than 50% by weight, based on all terminal hydroxyl groups present in the polyether). Also suitable are mixtures of polyether polyols initiated with amine with polyether polyols initiated with hydroxyl as component B) 1) in the present invention. If these are used, it is preferred that they be mixtures with trifunctional polyether polyols as described above. The polyether polyols are preferably used as component B) 1) in the invention. Preferred polyethers include, for example, those compounds based on initiator compounds, such as, for example, water, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, triethanolamine, sorbitol and mixtures thereof. These preferred compounds include copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. As suitable organic compounds having molecular weights of from about 90 to less than 1,000, preferably from 100 to 400, and containing from 2 to 4, preferably from 2 to 3 isocyanate-reactive groups, and which are suitable for use of component B) 2) according to the present invention, include, for example, diols, triols , tetraols, diamines, triamines, polyamines, aminoalcohols, etc. Of course, it is also possible to use a mixture of these various compounds. The ethylene oxide adducts and / or the propylene oxide adducts based on these compounds are also suitable, provided that the molecular weight of the adduct satisfies the above requirements with respect to the molecular weight. Suitable diols and triols include, for example, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2- and 1,3-propanediol, 1,3- and 1,4- and 2,3-butanediol, , 6-hexanediol, 1, 10-decanediol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, neopentyl glycol, cyclohexanedimethanol, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane-1,3-diol and pentaerythritol, etc. Preferred diols and triols for use as component B) 2) include, for example, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, trimethylolpropane, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, glycerin and propylene glycol, as well as propylene oxide adducts and oxide adducts. ethylene / propylene oxide of these diols and triols. Some examples of amino alcohols suitable for use as component B) 2) in the present invention include compounds such as, for example, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, diisopropanolamine, aminoethylethanolamine, etc. and the ethylene oxide adducts and / or propylene oxide adducts of aminoalcohols, provided that these adducts satisfy the above requirements with respect to molecular weight and functionality. Preferred aminoalcohols are monoethanolamine, diethanolamine and triethanolamine and the ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide adducts of these aminoalcohols which satisfy the molecular weight and functionality requirements indicated above with respect to this component. Suitable amine compounds for use as component B) 2) according to the present invention include, for example, primary amines and / or secondary organic amines having from 2 to 4 amine groups, preferably 2 to 3 amine groups, and meeting the requirements of molecular weight indicated above. Some examples of these compounds include 2-methyl-l, 5-pentanediamine (Dytek A or MPMD), ethylenediamine, 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,4-diaminobutane, isophorone diamine, diethylenetriamine, diaminocyclohexane, hexamethylenediamine, methyliminobispropylamine, iminobispropylamine, bis ( aminopropyl) piperazine, aminoethyl-piperazine, 1,2-diaminocyclohexane, polyoxyalkyleneamines, bis (p-aminocyclohexyl) methane, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, mixtures thereof and the like. Also suitable are the ethylene oxide adducts and / or the propylene oxide adducts of these amine compounds for use as component B) 2), provided that the above requirements in terms of functionality and molecular weight are met. Other suitable amines include, for example, aromatic polyamines, including diamines, having molecular weights of from 90 to less than 1,000, preferably from 100 to 400. These aromatic diamines include, for example, 1-methyl-3,5-diethyl. 2, -diaminobenzene, 1-methyl-3, 5-diethyl-2,6-diaminobenzene, 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4-diaminobenzene, 1,3,5-triethyl-2, -diaminobenzene, 3, 5, 3 ', 5' -tetraethyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 3, 5, 3 ', 5'-tetraisopropyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 3,5-diethyl-3', 5'-diisopropyl- 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 3,5-diethyl-5,5'-diisopropyl -4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, l-methyl-2,6-diamino-3-isopropylbenzene, dimethaxylenediamine and mixtures of the above diamines , such as, for example, mixtures of l-methyl-3,5-diethyl-2,4-diaminobenzene and l-methyl-3,5-diethyl-2,6-diaminobenzene, in a weight ratio of approximately 50:50 and 85:15, preferably between about 65:35 and 80:20. In addition, the aromatic polyamines can be used in admixture with the sterically blocked chain extenders and include, for example, 2,4- and 2,6-diaminotoluene, 2,4'- and / or 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 1 , 2- and 1, 4-phenylenediamine, naphthalene-1,5-diamine and triphenylmethane-4,4 ', 4"-triamine The difunctional and polyfunctional aromatic amine compounds may also contain exclusively or partially secondary amino groups, such as 4, 4'-di (methylamino) diphenylmethane or 1-methyl-2-methylamino-4-aminobenzene The liquid mixtures of polyphenylpolymethylenepolyamines of the type obtained by condensing aniline with formaldehyde are also suitable, it is also possible to use the so-called finished polyethers in low molecular weight amine Suitable amine-terminated polyethers include, for example, those containing primary or secondary (preferably primary) amino groups attached aromatically or aliphatically (preferably aliphatic only), where the terminal amino groups can also be attached to the polyether chain through urethane or ester groups. Suitable compounds include, for example, Jeffamine D-400 and Jeffamine D-230, which are marketed by Huntsman Chemical Corporation. These low molecular weight amine-terminated polyethers can be prepared by any of several methods known in the art. For example, polyethers finished in amine can be prepared from polyhydroxyl polyether (for example, propylene glycol ethers) by means of a reaction with ammonia in the presence of Raney nickel and hydrogen (Belgian Patent No. 634,741). The polyoxyalkylene polyamines can be prepared by reacting the corresponding polyol with ammonia and hydrogen in the presence of a nickel, copper or chromium catalyst (US Patent 3,654,370). The preparation of polyethers containing terminal amino groups by hydrogenation of cyanoethylated polyoxypropylene ethers is described in German Patent No. 1,193,671. Other methods for the preparation of polyoxyalkylene (polyether) amines are described in US Pat. 3,155,728 and 3,236,895 and in French Patent No. 1,551,605. French Patent No. 1,466,708 describes the preparation of polyethers containing terminal secondary amine groups. Also useful are the polyether polyamines disclosed in U.S. Pat. 4,396,729, 4,433,067, 4,444,910 and 4,530,941. The aminopolyethers obtained by hydrolysis of compounds containing isocyanate end groups can also be used here. For example, in a process described in German Patent Application Publication 2,948,419, polyethers containing hydroxyl groups (preferably, two or three hydroxyl groups) react with polyisocyanate groups and are then hydrolyzed in a second step to amino groups. Preferred amine-terminated polyethers are prepared by hydrolysis of an isocyanate compound having an isocyanate group content of 0.5 to 40% by weight. The most preferred polyethers are prepared by first reacting a polyether containing two or four hydroxyl groups with an excess of an aromatic polyisocyanate to form an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer and then converting the isocyanate groups to amino groups by hydrolysis. Methods for producing useful amine-terminated polyethers using isocyanate hydrolysis techniques are described in US Pat. 4,386,218, 4,456,730, 4,472,568, 4,501,873, 4,515,923, 4,525,534, 4,540,720, 4,578,500 and 4,565,645; in European Patent 097,299, and in German Patent Application Publication 2,948,419, all of which descriptions are incorporated herein by reference. Similar products are also described in US Pat. 4,506,039, 4,525,590, 4,532,266, 4,532,317, 4,723,032, 4,724,252, 4,855,504, 4,931,595 and 5,283,364. The amine-terminated polyethers used in the present invention are in many cases mixtures with any of the aforementioned compounds. Preferred amine compounds for use as component B) 2) are 2-methyl-l, 5-pentanediamine (Dytek A or MPMD), metaxylenediamine, 1,3,5-triethyl-2,4-diaminobenzene, 1-methyl-3. , 5-diethyl-2,4-diaminobenzene, l-methyl-3,5-diethyl-2,6-diaminobenzene and mixtures thereof. In an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the modified isocyanate component is admixed with allophanate with polymeric DIM, it is essential that component B) further include B) 3) one or more amine-terminated polyethers with molecular weights of more than about 1,000 to about 7,000, preferably about 4,000 to about 6,000, and a functionality of about 2 to about 4, preferably from about 2 to about 3. In this embodiment, component B), the isocyanate-reactive component, includes B) 1 ) from 70 to 99.5%, preferably from 80 to 90% by weight, based on 100% by weight of component B), of one or more polyether polyhydroxyl compounds having a molecular weight of about 1,000 to approximately 10,000; B) 2) from 0 to 5%, preferably from 0.25 to 4%, more preferably from 0.5 to 4% by weight, based on 100% by weight of component B), of one or more organic compounds selected from the group consisting of polyols, amines and aminoalcohols, having a molecular weight of from about 90 to less than 1,000, and B) 3) from 0.5 to 30%, preferably from 1 to 15% by weight, based on 100% by weight of component B), of one or more polyethers finished in amine. The amine-terminated polyethers suitable for use as component B) 3) according to the invention include, for example, polymers containing primary or secondary amino groups (preferably primary) reactive to isocyanate aromatically bound and / or primary amino groups or secondary reactive to isocyanate aliphatically bound and having a molecular weight of from more than about 1,000 to about 7,000, preferably from about 4,000 to about 6,000 and, more preferably, about 4,000 to 5,000. Suitable amine-terminated polyethers contain from about 2 to about 4, preferably from about 2 to about 3, and more preferably, 3 amino groups. Higher functional mixtures with lower functional groups can be used to ensure that the average functionality of the mixture is less than about 4. The compounds containing amino terminal groups can also be linked to the polymer chain via urethane or ester groups. The preferred liquid amine-terminated polymers are liquids at room temperature and have viscosities of less than about 20,000 mPa-s at 25 ° C. Although the finished solid or liquid viscosity polymers of higher viscosity are not in themselves suitable, mixtures of amine-terminated polymers containing one or more solid amine-terminated polymers and / or higher viscosity liquids if the mixtures are liquids that have appropriate viscosities. Suitable amine-terminated polyethers can be prepared by any of several methods known in the art. Since most of these methods employ hydroxyl-functional polyethers as starting materials, the reactions do not necessarily have to be carried to completion to obtain the amine-terminated polyethers of the present invention, ie, polyethers having at least two groups isocyanate reagents and a molecular weight of from about 1,000 to about 7,000, wherein at least 50% of the isocyanate-reactive groups are primary and / or secondary amino groups. Particularly preferred liquid amine-terminated polymers are amine-terminated polyethers containing primary amino groups attached to the polyether on an aliphatic hydrocarbon residue. These amine-terminated polyethers can be purchased commercially from the Huntsman Corporation of Houston, Texas, under the trademark Jeffamine. These include compounds such as, for example, Jeffamine D-2000, Jeffamine D-4000, Jeffamine T-3000 and Jeffamine T-5000. These amine-terminated polyethers are prepared from polyhydroxypolyethers (eg, polypropylene glycol ethers) by reaction with ammonia in the presence of hydrogen and catalysts such as described, for example, in US Pat. No. 3,654,370, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, or by hydrogenation of cyanoethylated polyoxypropylene ethers as described, for example, in German Patent 1,193,671 and in US Pat. 3,267,050, the descriptions of which are hereby incorporated by reference. Other methods for the preparation of polyoxyalkylenepolyamines are disclosed in U.S. Pat. 3,155,728 and 3,236,895 and in French Patent 1,551,605. Suitable amine-terminated polyethers can be obtained by hydrolysis of various polymers containing isocyanate and other terminal groups. For example, in a process described in Patent Application Publication - German 2,948,419, polyethers containing hydroxyl groups (preferably two or three hydroxyl groups) react with polyisocyanates to form isocyanate prepolymers, which isocyanate groups are then hydrolyzed in a second stage to amino groups. The preferred amine-terminated polyethers are prepared by hydrolysis of an isocyanate compound having an isocyanate group content of 0.5 to 40% by weight. Suitable amine-terminated polyethers can be prepared first by reaction of a polyether containing two to four hydroxyl groups with an excess of an aromatic polyisocyanate to form an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer and conversion after the isocyanate groups to amino groups by hydrolysis. Methods for the production of useful amine-terminated polyethers using isocyanate hydrolysis techniques are described in US Pat. 4,386,218, 4,456,730, 4,472,568, 4,501,873, 4,515,923, 4,525,534, 4,540,720, 4,578,500 and 4,565,645, in European Patent Application 97,299 and in the Application Publication of German Patent 2,948,419, all of which descriptions are incorporated herein by reference. Similar products are also described in US Pat. 4,506,039, 4,525,590, 4,532,266, 4,532,317, 4,723,032, 4,724,252, 4,855,504 and 4,931,595, the descriptions of which are hereby incorporated by reference. It is also possible to obtain relatively high molecular weight compounds containing terminal amino groups according to US Pat. 3,865,791 (believed to correspond to German Patent Application Publication 2,546,536) or US Pat. No. 3,865,791, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference, by reaction of isocyanate prepolymers based on polyhydroxy polyethers with enamines, aldimines or ketimines containing hydroxyl and hydrolysis of the reaction products. Other suitable amine-terminated polyethers include aminophenoxy substituted polyethers, described, for example, in European Patent Applications 288,825 and 268,849. The aminophenoxy substituted polyethers can also be prepared, for example, by converting polyether polyols into finished polyethers in nitrophenoxy (by reaction, for example, with chloronitrobenzenes), followed by hydrogenation. For example, US Patents 5,079,225 and 5,091,582. In a preferred method, aminophenoxy substituted polyethers are prepared by converting polyether polyols to the corresponding sulfonate derivatives, followed by reaction of the polyether sulfonate with an aminophenoxide. Suitable amine-terminated polyethers also include amine-terminated polyethers prepared by the mesylate method, described, for example, in US Application Ser. Serial No. 07 / 957,929 (filed on October 7, 1992). In a preferred method, the polyether polyols are converted to the corresponding derivatives having suitable leaving groups (such as halide or sulfonate groups), which, in turn, react with primary amines to form finished polyethers in secondary amine. Other suitable amine-terminated polyethers include aminobenzoic acid esters of polyether polyols, described, for example, in US Pat. 5,219,973. These aminobenzoate derivatives are prepared by reacting polyether polyols with methanitrobenzoic acid or, preferably, methanitrobenzoyl chloride, to form the corresponding nitrobenzoic acid esters, which are then hydrogenated to the amines. Although generally less preferred, suitable amine-terminated polyethers also include certain aminocrotonate-terminated polyether derivatives prepared from acetoacetate-modified polyethers, as described, for example, in US Pat. 5,066,824, 5,151,470 and 5,231,217. The insufflating agents suitable for the present invention consist of water. In addition, it is also possible to use water together with other blowing agents, such as, for example, pentane, acetone, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, partially or completely fluorinated hydrocarbons, methylene chloride and liquid carbon dioxide. It is preferred to use water as the sole insufflating agent. When water is used as the sole insufflating agent, it is typically used in the present invention in amounts of between about 0.05 and 10%, preferably between about 0.05 and 9%, more preferably between about 0 , 35 and 7% and, more preferably, between about 0.35 and 5% by weight, based on 100% by weight of the polyol side (B side) of the formulation. Of course, as described above, water can be used in combination with other insufflating agents. The above ranges for water as the sole insufflating agent are exceeded when mixtures of water and another blowing agent are used in the present invention. It is required that blending agent mixtures of this type be present in amounts that are typical of a conventional process for producing a flexible foam and / or a flexible molded foam. The presence of catalysts in the reaction mixture according to the present invention is also required. Suitable catalysts include, for example, tertiary amine catalysts and organometallic catalysts. Examples of suitable organometallic catalysts include, for example, organometallic compounds of tin, lead, iron, bismuth, mercury, etc. Preferred organotin catalysts include compounds such as, for example, tin acetate, tin octoate, tin ethylhexanoate, tin oleate, tin laurate, dimethyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin oxide, dibutyltin dichloride, dimethyltin dichloride, diacetate. of dibutyltin, diethyltin diacetate, dimethyltin diacetate, dibutyltin dilaurate, diethyltin dilaurate, dimethyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin maleate, dimethyltin maleate, dioctyltin diacetate, dioctyl tin dilaurate, di (2-ethylhexyl) tin oxide , etc. Especially tin catalysts are preferred. delayed or heat activated action, such as, for example, dibutyltin dimercaptide, dibutyltin diisooctylmercap-dibutyltin acetate, dimethyltin dimercaptide, dibutyltin dilaurylmercaptide, dimethyltin dilaurylmercaptide, dimethyltin diisooctylmercaptoacetate, di (n-butyl) tin bis (isooctylmercaptoacetate) and di (isooctyl) tin bis (i-sooctylmercaptoacetate), all marketed by Witco Chemical Corp. The use of a delayed action catalyst, such as a ferric pentanedione or a bismuth carboxylate, as described in US Pat. 4,611,044, incorporated herein by reference, is also possible. Heat-activated catalysts suitable for the present invention are amine salts. These catalysts include aliphatic and aromatic tertiary amines. Suitable heat-activated amine salts include compounds such as, for example, DABCO 8154, marketed by Air Products, a 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.0] octane blocked with formic acid and other delayed action catalysts, such as DABCO WT, also marketed by Air Products; and Polycat SA-1, Polycat SA-102 and Polycat 610/50, which are blocked versions with 1,8-diazabicyclo acid [5. .0] undeceno-7 (ie, Polycat DBU) and are marketed by Air Products. Trialkylamines and heterocyclic amines are also suitable for the present invention. Suitable compounds include, for example, trimethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, tributylamine, dimethylcyclohexylamine, dibutylcyclohexylamine, dimethylethanolamine, triethanolamine, diethylethanolamine, ethyldiethanolamine, dimethyl isopropanolamine, triisopropanolamine, triethylene diamine, tetramethyl-1,3-butane diamine, N , N, N ', N' -tetramethyl-ethylenediamine, N, N, N ', N' -tetramethylhexanediamine-1, 6, N, N, N ', N', N "-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, bis (2-dimethylamino- noethoxy) methane, N, N, N '-trimethyl-N' - (2-hydroxyethyl) ethyldiamine, N, -dimethyl-N, '- (2-hydroxyethyl) ethylenediamine, tetramethylguanidine, N-methylpiperidine, N-ethylpiperidine , N-methylmorpholine, N-ethylmorpholine, 1,4-dimethylpiperidine, 1, 2, 4-trimethylpiperidine, N- (2-dimethylaminoethyl) morpholine, l-methyl-4- (2-dimethylamino) piperidine, 1,4-diazabicyclo - [2.2.2] octane, 2-methyl-l, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octanoquinu-clidine, 1,5-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] -5-undecene and 1,5-diazabicyclo [4.3 .0] -5-nonane. The catalyzed organometallic resins are normally used in amounts ranging from about 0.005 to about 0.8%, preferably from about 0.05 to 0.5%, more preferably from about 0.02 to 0.4% in weight, based on 100% by weight of the polyol side (side B) of the formulation. The tertiary amine catalysts, or their salts, are advantageously used in amounts ranging from about 0.05 to about 4%, preferably from about 0.1 to about 3.5%, more preferably from about 0 , 2 to 2% by weight, based on 100% by weight of the polyol side (side B) of the formulation. It is preferred that the total amount of all the catalysts be such that they constitute less than 5% by weight, preferably less than 2% by weight of 100% by weight of the polyol side (side B) of the formulation. It is also possible to be able to include various additives and / or auxiliary agents in the formulation. Some examples of suitable additives include surfactant additives, such as emulsifiers and foam stabilizers. Examples of these include N-stearyl-N ', N' -bishydroxyethylurea, oleyl polyoxyethyleneamide, stearyldiethanolamide, isostearyldiethanolamide, polyoxyethylene glycol monooleate, an ester of pentaerythritol / adipic acid / oleic acid, a hydroxyethylimidazole derivative of oleic acid, N-stearylpropylenediamine and the sodium salts of sulfonates of castor oil or of fatty acids. Alkali metal or ammonium salts of sulfonic acid, such as dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid or dinaphthylmethanesulfonic acid, and also of fatty acids as surfactant additives can be used. Suitable foam stabilizers include polyether siloxanes. The structure of these compounds is generally such that a copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide is attached to a polydimethylsiloxane radical. Said foam stabilizers are described in US Pat. 2,764,565. In addition to surfactants, other additives that can be used in the molding compositions of the present invention include known internal mold release agents, pigments, cell regulators, flame retardants, plasticizers, dyes, fillers and reinforcing agents, such as as glass in the form of fibers or flakes or carbon fibers. The compositions according to the present invention can be molded using conventional processing techniques at isocyanate rates ranging from about 60 to 120 (preferably, from 70 to 115). By the term "isocyanate index" (commonly referred to also as "NCO index") the isocyanate equivalents are defined here, divided by the total equivalents of materials containing hydrogen reactive to isocyanate, multiplied by 100. The following examples still illustrate details for the process of this invention. The invention, established in the foregoing description, should not be limited in spirit or scope by these examples. Those skilled in the art will readily understand that known variations of the conditions of the following procedures can be used. Unless otherwise indicated, all temperatures are degrees Celsius and all parts and percentages are parts by weight and percentages by weight, respectively.

EXAMPLES The following components were used in the examples of the present invention. ISO A: an allophanate modified diisocyanate based on diphenylmethane diisocyanate, having an NCO group content of 23% by weight and a viscosity of approximately 410 cps at 25 ° C. This isocyanate was prepared by reaction of 92.8 parts by weight (pep) of a isome-10 mixture consisting of 98% by weight of 4,4 '-DIM and 2% of 2,4' -DIM with 7%. , 2 pbw of 1-butanol at 60 ° C, followed by addition of 0.0075 pbw of zinc acetylacetonate catalyst (ZnAcAc) to the resulting urethane, raising the temperature to 15 ° C to 90 ° C and holding it there for approximately 1.5 hours with obj eto to form the allophanate. The catalyst in the resulting product was neutralized by the addition of 0.015 pbw of benzoyl chloride, followed by cooling to 25 ° C. ISO B: an allophanate modified diisocyanate based on diphenylmethane diisocyanate, having an NCO group content of about 27% by weight and having a viscosity of about 82 cps at 25 ° C. This isocyanate was prepared by reaction of 95.6 parts by weight (pep) of an isomer mixture consisting of 98% by weight of 4,4'-DIM and 2% by weight 5 of 2,4'-DIM with 4%. , 4 pbw of 1-butanol at 60 ° C, followed by addition of 0.0075 pbw of ZnAcAc catalyst to the resulting urethane, increasing the temperature to 90 ° C in order to form the allophanate. The catalyst in the product results tante was neutralized by the addition of 0.015 pb of benzoyl chloride, followed by cooling to 25 ° C. ISO C: an isomeric mixture of diphenylmethane diisocyanate containing approximately 33.6% of NCO and having a functionality of 2. The distribution of isomers was as follows: 51% by weight of 2,4 '-DIM, 47.5% by weight of 4,4' -DIM and 1.5% by weight. weight of 2,2 '-DIM. ISO D: a mixture of a modified diisocyanate with allophanate based on diphenylmethylene diisocyanate with ISO C, whose mixture had an NCO group content of approximately 23% by weight, a functionality of 2.0 and a viscosity of approximately 490 cps at 25 ° C. This cyanate diiso contained 47% by weight of DIM modified with allophanate, 42% by weight of 4,4 '-DIM, 10.7% by weight of 2,4' -DIM and 0.3% by weight. weight of 2,2 '-DIM. This isocyanate was prepared by mixing: i) 81 pbw of an allophanate modified diisocyanate having an NCO group content of about 20.5% by weight, which is the reaction product of 100 (pb) 10 of 98% by weight of 4,4 '-DIM and 2% by weight of 2,4' -DIM, with 9.9 pbw of 1-butanol at 60 ° C, followed by the addition of 0.0082 pbw of ZnAcAc catalyst to the urethane resulting, increasing the temperature to 90 ° C and keeping it at this temperature for 1.5 hours to form the allophanate. The catalyst in the resulting product was neutralized by adding 0.017 pbw of benzoyl chloride, followed by cooling to 25 ° C; 20 with ii) 19 pep of ISO C. ISO C: an allophanate modified diisocyanate based on DIM and ISO C, which had a functionality of about 2 and an NCO group content of about 23% and had a viscosity of about 440 a 25 ° C. This diisocyanate contained 50% by weight of allophanate-modified DIM, 42.0% by weight of 4,4 '-DIM, 5.7% by weight of 2, 4' -DIM and 0.2. % by weight of 2,2 '-DIM. This isocyanate was prepared by mixing 81.1 pep of 4,4 '-DIM with 18.9 pep of ISO C, followed by the addition of 7.7 pep of 1-butanol to 60 ° C. After the exotherm of the urethane reaction was completed, 0.0081 pbw of ZnAcAc catalyst was added, the reaction temperature was increased to 0 ° C and maintained at 90 ° C for 1.5 hours to form the allophanate. HE neutralized the catalyst in the resulting allophanate product by adding 0.016 pbw of benzoyl chloride, followed by cooling to 25 ° C. ISO F: a polymeric polymethylene polyisocyanate having an NCO group content of about 32.5% by weight, a functionality of about 2.2 and a total monomer content of about 74% by weight, where about 52% is the 4.4 isomer ', approximately 19% is the 2,4' isomer and about 3% is the 2,2 'isomer and about 26% by weight of higher molecular weight homologs of the DIM series. ISO G: a polymethylene poly (phenylisocyanate) having an NCO group content of approximately 32.3% by weight, a functionality of approximately 2.4 and a total monomer content of approximately 64% by weight, consisting of about 45% by weight of the 4,4 'isomer, about 17% by weight of the 2,4' isomer and about 2% by weight of the 2,2 'isomer and containing about 36% by weight weight of weight counterparts molecular superior of the DIM series. ISO H: a polymethylene poly (phenylisocyanate) having an NCO group content of approximately 32.8% by weight, a functionality of approximately 2.2 and a total content of monomers of about 78% by weight, consisting of about 55% by weight of the 4,4'-isomer, about 20% by weight of the 2,4'-isomer and about 3% by weight of the 2,2'-isomer and which contained approximately 22% by weight of higher molecular weight homologs of the DIM series. ISO I: a mixture of isocyanates prepared with 57.4 pep of ISO A and 42.6 pep of ISO G. This mixture had an NCO group content of approximately 27% and a functionality of approximately 2.2. The total monomer content of this mixture was about 56% by weight, the rest being higher molecular weight homologues of the DIM series and allophanate-modified DIM. The monomer content consisted of 47.3% by weight of 4,4'-DIM, about 1% by weight of 2,2'-DIM and about 7.7% by weight of 2,4'-DIM . The The amount of DIM modified with allophanate was approximately 28.7%. ISO J: a mixture of isocyanates prepared with 71.6 pep of ISO A and 28.4 pep of ISO G. This mixture had an approximate NCO group content 25.6% and a functionality of approximately 2.1. The total monomer content of this mixture was approximately 54% by weight, the remainder being higher molecular weight homologs of the DIM series and allophanate-modified DIM. The monomer content consisted of 47.9% by weight of 4,4'-DIM, less than 1% by weight of 2,2'-DIM and approximately 5,5% by weight of 2,4 '- DIM The amount of DIM 5 modified with allophanate was about 35.8%. ISO K: a mixture of isocyanate prepared with 63.6 pep of ISO A and 36.4 pep of ISO C. This mixture had an NCO group content of approximately 26.9% and a functionality of approximately 2.0. The total monomer content of this mixture was about 68.2% by weight. The monomer content consisted of 48.5% by weight of 4,4'-DIM, approximately 1% by weight. weight of 2, 2 '-DIM and approximately 19% by weight of 2,4' -DIM. The amount of DIM modified with allophanate was approximately 31.8%. ISO L: a mixture of isocyanates prepared with 16,8 pep of ISO B and 83.2 pep of ISO C. This mixture had an NCO group content of approximately 32.5% and a functionality of approximately 2.0. The total monomer content of this mixture was about 94.5% by weight. The monomer content consisted of 50.6% by weight of 4,4'-DIM, about 1% by weight of 2,2'-DIM and about 42.6% by weight of 2,4'-DIM. The amount of DIM modified with allophanate was about 5.5%. Polyol A: a polyether triol having an OH number of about 28 and which is prepared with glycerin, propylene oxide and ethylene oxide, the weight ratio of OP to OE being about 87:13. Polyol B: a polyether having an OH number of about 100 and a functionality of about 6 and which is prepared with sorb, propylene oxide and ethylene oxide, the weight ratio of OP to OE being approximately 17.8: 82.8. Polyol C: a polyether polyol having an OH number of about 28 and a functionality of about 2 and which is prepared with propylene glycol, propylene oxide and ethylene oxide, the weight ratio of OP to OE being about 87: 13 Polyol D: a polyether polyol having an OH number of 37 and a functionality of about 3 and which is prepared with glycerin and ethylene oxide (62.7% by weight), followed by a mixture of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide. ethylene (27.3% and 10.0% by weight, respectively). Amine A: 2-methyl-1,5-pentanediamine, a chain extender marketed by DuPont as Dytek A. Amine B: diethanolamine, a crosslinker with a molecular weight of approximately 105. ATPE A: a polyether triamine finished in amine with a molecular weight of about 5,000 and a functionality of about 3, marketed as Jeffamine T-5000 by Huntsman Corporation. ATPE B: an amine-terminated polyether diamine with a molecular weight of about 4,000 and a functionality of about 2, marketed as Jeffamine D-4000 by Huntsman Corporation. CAT A: a catalyst containing tertiary amine, consisting of 33% of triethylene diamine in dipropylene glycol, marketed by Air Products Inc. as Dabco 33LV. CAT B: 70% bis (dimethylaminoethyl) ether and 30% dipropylene glycol, a catalyst marketed by Osi-Witco Corp. as NIAX A-1. CAT C: a mixture of tertiary amine catalysts, marketed by Osi-Witco Corp. as NIAX A-4. CAT D: a catalyst consisting of a mixture of tertiary amines and dipropylene glycol, marketed by Rhein Chemie as RC6410. CAT E: a water-soluble tin catalyst, marketed by Rhein Chemie as PS-209. ADD 1: a commercially available silicone surfactant. The polyol formulation indicated in Table 1 was used in Examples 1-5 of the present invention. TABLE 1: In the examples, the B-side components were accurately weighed in a suitable container and mixed using an air-powered two-screw mixer or a three-screw mixer. The resulting mixture was then brought to the dosing equipment. The dosing equipment was washed with the mixture and calibrated for the desired foam index. The mixture was mixed with the isocyanate using a high pressure metering equipment (HENNECKE HK 100) and a self-cleaning Hennecke MQ-12-2 mixing head. The procedure settings were as follows: TEMPERATURE on B side: 77-95 ° F ISO TEMPERATURE: 77-100 ° F MIXING PRESSURES on B / ISO side: 1000-2500 psi MOLD TEMPERATURE (° F): 100-150 ° F RELEASE OF THE MOLD: Permamold 2023SP REMOVAL TIME: 3-7 min. The reaction mixture was dosed in a 15 inch x 15 inch x 4 inch mold (which had previously been sprayed with the mold release agent) in an amount sufficient to give the desired foam density. The mold was then closed and the foam part was demolded after the reaction was completed. The parts were marked and studied for physical properties. The parts were aged under standard ASTM conditions (50% RH, 72-74 ° F) for three days. The parts were then studied according to ASTM 3574. The results obtained were as indicated in the following tables.

TABLE 2 * Results not available.

TABLE 3 Examples 6-11 were prepared using the procedure settings indicated above. The formulations used in these examples are indicated in Tables 4 and 5.

TABLE 4: Examples 6-9 used the following formulations: TABLE 5: Formulations for Examples 10 and 11 Each of the reaction mixtures of Examples 6-11 was dosed in a 15-inch x 15-inch x 4-inch mold (which had been previously sprayed with the mold release agent) in an amount sufficient to give the density of desired foam. The mold was then closed and the foam part was demolded after the reaction was completed. The parts were marked and studied in terms of physical properties. The parts were aged under standard ASTM conditions (50% RH, 72-74 ° F) for three days. The parts were then studied according to ASTM 3574.

TABLE 6: Physical Properties for Examples 6-11 Although the invention has been described in detail in the foregoing for illustrative purposes, it is to be understood that said detail has only that purpose and that those skilled in the art can make variations therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, except in what may be limited by the claims.

Claims (10)

CLAIMS 1. A flexible foam consisting of the reaction product of: A) an isocyanate component consisting of: 1) a diisocyanate containing allophanate groups and having an isocyanate group content of about 12 to about 32.5% by weight weight and that is prepared by reaction of an aliphatic and / or aromatic alcohol with a diphenylmethane diisocyanate, consisting of: i) from 0 to 60% by weight of 2,4,4-diiphocyte naphthalyate, ii) no more than 6% by weight of diisocyanate 2,2'-diphenylmethane and iii) the remainder being diisocyanate of 4,4'-diphenylmethane, totaling the% by weight of A) 1) i), A) l) ii ) and A) 1) iii 100%, with B) an isocyanate-reactive component, consist of: 1) from about 70 to about 99.998% by weight, based on 100% by weight of component B), of one or more polyether polyhydroxyl compounds having hydroxyl functionalities of from about 1.5 to 6 and weight Molecules of from about 1,000 to about 10,000 and 2) from about 0.002 to about 30% by weight, based on 100% by weight of component B), of one or more organic compounds having molecular weights of from 90 to less than 1,000 and containing 2 to 4 isocyanate-reactive groups, said compound being selected from the group consisting of polyols, amines, aminoalcohols and mixtures thereof, in the presence of C) an insufflating agent consisting of water and D) at least a catalyst, the amounts of components A), B) and C) being such that the isocyanate index is from 60 to 120. 2. The flexible foam of Claim 1, wherein A) 1) said diisocyanate containing allophanate groups has an isocyanate group content of about 19 to 30% by weight and is prepared by reaction of an aliphatic and / or aromatic alcohol having 8 carbon atoms or less with a diphenylmethane diisocyanate consisting of: i) not more than 14% by weight of 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, ii) not more than 2% by weight of diisocyanate of 2,2 '-diphenylmethane and iii) the remainder being diisocyanate of 4,4'-diphenylmethane, totaling the% by weight of A) 1) i), A) 1) ii) and A) 1) iii) 100%. 3. The flexible foam of Claim 1, wherein B) said isocyanate-reactive component consists of: 1) from about 80 to about 99.998% by weight, based on 100% by weight of component B), from one or more polyether polyhydroxyl compounds having hydroxyl functions of about 1.5 to 3 and molecular weights of about

1 . 000 to approximately 6. 200 and 2) from about 0.002 to about 20% by weight, based on 100% by weight of component B), of one or more organic compounds having molecular weights of from about 100 to about 4000 and containing from 2 to 3 isocyanate-reactive groups, said compound being selected from the group consisting of polyols, amines, aminoalcohols and their mixtures. 4. The flexible foam of Claim 3, wherein said B) 1) consists of a polyether polyol based on an initiator selected from the group consisting of water, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, triethanolamine, sorbitol and mixtures thereof. 5. The flexible foam of Claim 3, wherein said B) 2) is selected from the group consisting of 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, trimethylolpropane, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, glycerin, propylene glycol, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, -methyl-l, 5-pentane-diamine, metaxylenediamine, 1,3,5-triethyl-2,4-diaminobenzene, 1-methyl-3,5-diethyl-2,4-diaminobenzene, 1-methyl-3 , 5-diethyl-2,6-diaminobenzene, its mixtures and adducts of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide thereof. 6. A flexible foam consisting of the reaction product of: A) an isocyanate component having an isocyanate group content of about, 6 to 33.5% by weight and consisting of: 1) from about 10 to about 90% by weight, based on 100% by weight of A) 1) and A) 2), of a diisocyanate containing allophanate groups and having an isocyanate group content of about 12 to about 32.5% by weight and which is prepared by reaction of an aliphatic and / or aromatic alcohol with a diphenylmethane diisocyanate consisting of: i) from 0 to 60% by weight of 2,4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, ii) not more than 6% by weight of 2,2'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, and iii) the diisocyanate being 4% by weight. , 4'- diphenylmethane, totaling the% by weight of A) 1) i), A) l) ii) and A) l) iii 100% by weight, and 2) from about 10 to about 90% by weight weight, based on 100% by weight of A) 1 and A) 2), of an isocyanate consisting of: i) from 0 to 60% by weight of 2,4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, ii) no more than 6% by weight of diisocyte nato of 2, 2 '- diphenylmethane, iii) from 30 to 100% by weight of 4,4 '-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and iv) from 0 to 60% by weight of higher functional isocyanates of the diphenylmethane series, totaling% by weight of A) 2) i), A) 2) ii, A) 2) iii and A) 2) iv 100% by weight and B) said isocyanate-reactive component consists of: 1) from about 70 to about 99 , 5% by weight, based on 100% by weight of component B), of one or more polyether polyhydroxyl compounds having hydroxyl functionalities of about 1.5 to 6 and molecular weights of about 1,000 to about 10,000, 2) about 0 to about 5% by weight, based on 100% by weight of component B), of one or more organic compounds having molecular weights of from 90 to less than 1,000 and containing from 2 to 4 isocyanate-reactive groups , said compound being selected from the group consisting of polyols, amines, aminoalcohols and their mixtures s and 3) from 0.5 to about 30% by weight, based on 100% by weight of component B), of one or more polyoxyalkylene polyamines having molecular weights of from about 1,000 to about 7,000 and containing about

2. to approximately 4 primary amine groups, in -presence of C) an insufflating agent consisting of water and D) at least one catalyst, such being the amounts of components A), B) and C) 'that the isocyanate index is 70 to 110. 7. The flexible foam of Claim 6, wherein A) said isocyanate component has an isocyanate group content of about 13.6 to 33.5% by weight and consists of: 1) of about 15%. at about 85% by weight, based on 100% by weight of A) 1) and A) 2), of a diisocyanate containing allophanate groups and having an isocyanate group content of about 19 to about 30% by weight and which is prepared by reaction of an alcohol alif and / or aromatic with a diphenylmethane diisocyanate consisting of: i) not more than 14% by weight of 2,4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, ii) not more than 2% by weight of diisocyanate of 2, 2 '-diphenylmethane, and iii) the remainder being diisocyanate of 4,4'-diphenylmethane, totaling the weight% of A) l) i), A) l) ii) and A) l) iii) 100% in weight, and 2) from about 15 to about 85% by weight, based on 100% by weight of A) l) and A) 2), of an isocyanate consisting of: i) from 10 to 24% by weight of 2,4,4-diiphenylmethane diisocyanate, ii) not more than 3% by weight of 2,2'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, iii) from 34 to 65% by weight of diisocyanate of 4%. , 4 '-diphenylmethane and iv) from 20 to 56% by weight of higher functional isocyanates of the diphenylmethane series, totaling the% by weight of A) 2) i), A) 2) ii, A) 2) iii) and A) 2) iv 100% by weight. 8. The flexible foam of Claim 6, wherein B) said isocyanate-reactive component consists of: 1) from about 80 to about 90% by weight, based on 100% by weight of component B), of one or more polyether polyhydroxyl compounds having hydroxyl functionalities of about 1.5 to 3 and molecular weights of about 1,000 to about 6,200, 2) of about 0.25 to about 4% by weight, based on 100% by weight of component B), of one or more organic compounds having molecular weights of 100 to 400 and containing 2 to 3 isocyanate-reactive groups, said compound being selected between the group consisting of polyols, amines, amino alcohols and their mixtures and 3) from 1 to about 15% by weight, based on 100% by weight of component B), of one or more polyoxyalkylenepolyamines having molecular weights of about 4,000 to about 6,000 and containing from about 2 to about 3 primary amine groups. 9. The flexible foam of Claim 8, wherein said B) 1) consists of a polyether polyol based on an initiator selected from the group consisting of water, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, triethanolamine, sorbitol and mixtures thereof. 10. The flexible foam of Claim 8, wherein said B) 2) is selected from the group consisting of 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, trimethylolpropane, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, glycerin, propylene glycol, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, -methyl-l, 5-pentanediamine, metaxylenediamine, 1,3,5-triethyl-2,4-diaminobenzene, l-methyl-3,5-diethyl-2,4-diaminobenzene, 1-methyl-3,5-diethyl -2,6-diaminobenzene, its mixtures and adducts of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide thereof. 11. The flexible foam of Claim 8, wherein said B) 3) consists of an amine-terminated polyether having approximately 3 amino groups and having a viscosity of less than about 20,000 mPa-s at 25 ° C. 12. A flexible molded foam consisting of the reaction product of: A) an isocyanate component consisting of: 1) a diisocyanate containing allophanate groups and having an isocyanate group content of about 12 to about 32.5% by weight weight and which is prepared by reaction of an aliphatic and / or aromatic alcohol with a diphenylmethane diisocyanate, consisting of: i) from 0 to 60% by weight of 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, ii) no more than 6% by weight of diisocyanate 2,2'-diphenylmethane and iii) the remainder being diisocyanate of 4,4'-diphenylmethane, totaling the% by weight of A) l) i), A) l) ii ) and A) 1) iii 100%, with B) an isocyanate-reactive component, consist of: 1) from about 70 to about 99.998% by weight, based on 100% by weight of component B), of one or more polyether polyhydroxyl compounds having hydroxyl functionalities of from about 1.5 to 6 and molecular weights from about 1,000 to about 10,000 and 2) from about 0.002 to about 30% by weight, based on 100% by weight of component B), of one or more organic compounds having molecular weights of from 90 to less than 1,000 and containing 2 to 4 isocyanate-reactive groups, said compound being selected from the group consisting of polyols, amines, aminoalcohols and mixtures thereof, in the presence of C) an insufflating agent consisting of water and D) at least a catalyst, the amounts of the components A), B) and C) being such that the isocyanate index is from 60 to 120. The flexible molded foam of Claim 12, wherein A) 1) said diisocyanate containing groups allophanate has an isocyanate group content of about 19 to 30% by weight and is prepared by reacting an aliphatic and / or aromatic alcohol of 8 carbon atoms or less with a diphenylmethane diisocyanate. in: i) not more than 14% by weight of 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, ii) not more than 2% by weight of diisocyanate of 2%, 2'-diphenylmethane and iii) the remainder being 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, totaling the% by weight of A) 1) i), A) 1) ii and A) l) iii 100%. The flexible molded foam of Claim 12, wherein B) said isocyanate-reactive component consists of: 1) from about 80 to about 99.998% by weight, based on 100% by weight of component B), from one or more polyether polyhydroxyl compounds having hydroxyl functionalities of from about 1.5 to 3 and molecular weights of from about 1,000 to about 6,200, and 2) from about 0.002 to about 20% by weight, based on 100% by weight of component B), of one or more organic compounds having molecular weights of from 100 to 4,000 and containing 2 to 3 groups reactive to isocyanate, said compound being selected from the group consisting of polyols, amines , aminoalcohols and their mixtures. 15. The flexible molded foam of Claim 14, wherein said B) 1) consists of a polyether polyol based on an initiator selected from the group consisting of water, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, triethanolamine, sorbitol and mixtures thereof. 16. The flexible molded foam of Claim 14, wherein said B) 2) is selected from the group consisting of 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, trimethylolpropane, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, glycerin, p-ropylene glycol, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, 2-methyl-l, 5-pentanediamine, metaxylenediamine, 1,3,5-triethyl-2,4-diaminobenzene, l-methyl-3,5-diethyl-2,4-diaminobenzene, 1-methyl-3, 5-diethyl-2,6-diaminobenzene, its mixtures and adducts of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide thereof. 17. A flexible molded foam consisting of the reaction product of: A) an isocyanate component having an isocyanate group content of about 13.6 to 33.5% by weight and consisting of: 1) of about 10 to about 90% by weight, based on 100% by weight of A) 1) and A) 2), of a diisocyanate containing allophanate groups and having an isocyanate group content of about 5 to about 12 32.5% by weight and which is prepared by reaction of an aliphatic and / or aromatic alcohol with a diphenylmethane diisocyanate consisting of: 10 i) from 0 to 60% by weight of 2,4,4'-diisocyanate diphenylmethane, ii) not more than 6% by weight of diisocyanate 2,2'-diphenylmethane, and iii) the remainder being diisocyanate of 4,4'-diphenylmethane, totaling the% by weight of A) 1) ), A) l) ii) and A) l) iii 100% by weight, and 20 2) from about 10 to about 90% by weight, based on 100% by weight of A 1 and A) 2), of an isocyanate consisting of: i) from 0 to 60% by weight of 2,4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, ii) not more than 6% by weight of diisocyanate 2, 2 '-diphenylmethane, iii) from 30 to 100% by weight of 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and iv) from 0 to 60% by weight of higher functional isocyanates of the diphenylmethane series , totaling the% by weight of A) 2) i), A) 2) ii, A) 2) iii and A) 2) iv 100% by weight and B) said isocyanate-reactive component consists of: 1) about 70 to about 99.5% by weight, based on 100% by weight of component B), of one or more polyether polyhydroxyl compounds having hydroxyl functionalities of about 1.5 to 6 and molecular weights of about 1,000 to about 10,000, 2) from about -0 to about 5% by weight, based on 100% by weight of component B), of one or more organic compounds having molecular weights of 90 to less of 1,000 and containing 2 to 4 isocyanate-reactive groups, said compound being selected from the group consisting of polyols, amines, aminoalcohols and mixtures thereof and 3) from 0.5 to about 30% by weight, based on 100% by weight of component B), of one or more polyoxyalkylene polyamines having molecular weights of from about 1,000 to about 7,000 and containing from about 2 to about 4 primary amine groups, in the presence of C) an insufflating agent consisting of water and D) at least one catalyst, such the amounts of components A), B) and C) that the isocyanate index is from 70 to 110. 18. The flexible molded foam of Claim 17, wherein A) said isocyanate component has an isocyanate group content of about 13.6 to 33.5% by weight and consists of: 1) from about 15 to about 85% by weight, based on 100% by weight of A) 1) and A) 2), of a diisocyanate containing allophanate groups and having a content of isocyanate groups of about 19 to about 30% by weight and which is prepared by reaction of an aliphatic and / or aromatic alcohol with a diphenylmethane diisocyanate consisting of: i) no m more than 14% by weight of 2,4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, ii) not more than 2% by weight of 2,2'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 15 and iii) the diisocyanate being 4, 4'-diphenylmethane, totaling the% by weight of A) 1) i), A) l) ii) and A) l) iii) 100% by weight, 20 and 2) from about 15 to about 85% by weight, based on 100% by weight of A) 1) and A) 2), of an isocyanate consisting of: i) from 10 to 24% by weight of cyanoate di-2,4-diiphenylmethane, ii ) not more than 3% by weight of diisocyanate 2,2 '-diphenylmethane, iii) 34 to 65% by weight of 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and iv) from 20 to 56 % by weight of higher functional isocyanates of the diphenylmethane series, totaling the% by weight of A) 2) i), A) 2) ii, A) 2) iii) and A) 2) iv 100% by weight. 19. The flexible molded foam of Claim 17, wherein B) said isocyanate-reactive component consists of: 1) from about 80 to about 90% by weight, based on 100% by weight of component B), from one or more polyether polyhydroxyl compounds having hydroxyl functionalities of about 1.5 to 3 and molecular weights of about 1,000 to about 6,200, 2) from about 0.25 to about 4% by weight, based on 100% by weight of component B), of one or more organic compounds having molecular weights of 100 to 400 and containing 2 to 3 isocyanate-reactive groups, said compound being selected from the group consisting of polyols, amines, aminoalcohols and their mixtures and ) from 1 to about 15% by weight, based on 100% by weight of component B), of one or more polyoxyalkylene polyamines having molecular weights of about 4,000 to about 6,000 and with they have from about 2 to about 3 primary amine groups. 20. The flexible molded foam of Claim 19, wherein said B) l) consists of a polyether polyol based on an initiator selected from the group consisting of "water, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, triethanolamine, sorbitol and mixtures thereof. 21. The flexible molded foam of Claim 19, wherein said B) 2) is selected from the group consisting of 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, trimethylolpropane, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, glycerin, propylene glycol, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, 2-methyl-l, 5-pentanediamine, metaxylenediamine, 1,3,5-triethyl-2,4-diaminobenzene, l-methyl-3,5-diethyl-2,4-diaminobenzene, 1-methyl-3, 5- diethyl-2,6-diaminobenzene, its mixtures and adducts of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide thereof 22. The flexible molded foam of Claim 19, wherein said B) 3) consists of an amine-terminated polyether which It has approximately 3 amino groups and it has a viscosity of less of approximately 20,000 mPa-s at 25 ° C. 2

3. A process for the production of a flexible foam consisting of the reaction of: A) an isocyanate component consisting of: 1) a diisocyanate containing allophanate groups and having an isocyanate group content of about 12 to about 32, 5% by weight and which is prepared by reaction of an aliphatic and / or aromatic alcohol with a diphenylmethane diisocyanate, consisting of: i) from 0 to 60% by weight of 2,4,4-diiphocyte naphthalate , ii) not more than 6% by weight of diisocyanate 2,2'-diphenylmethane and iii) the remainder being diisocyanate of 4,4'-diphenylmethane, totaling the% by weight of A) 1) i), ) l) ii) and A) 1) iii 100%, with B) an isocyanate-reactive component, consist of: 1) from about 70 to about 99.998% by weight, based on 100% by weight of the component B), of one or more polyether polyhydroxyl compounds having hydroxyl functionalities of from about 1.5 to 6 and molecular weights of from about 1,000 to about 10,000 and 2) from about 0.002 to about 30% by weight, based on 100% by weight of component B), of one or more organic compounds having molecular weights of from 90 ha less than 1,000 and containing 2 to 4 isocyanate-reactive groups, said compound being selected from the group consisting of polyols, amines, aminoalcohols and mixtures thereof, in the presence of C) an insufflating agent consisting of water and D) at least a catalyst, the amounts of components A), B) and C) being such that the isocyanate index is from 60 to 120. 2

4. A process for the production of a flexible foam consisting of the reaction of: A) a component isocyanate having an isocyanate group content of about 13.6 to 33.5% by weight and consisting of: 1) from about 10 to about 90% by weight, based on 100% by weight of A 1) and A) 2), of a diisocyanate containing allophanate groups and having an isocyanate group content of about 12 to about 32.5% by weight and which is prepared by reaction of an aliphatic alcohol and / or aromatic with a diphenylmethane diisocyanate consisting of: i) from 0 to 60% by weight of 2,4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, ii) not more than 6% by weight of diisosis nato of 2,2'-diphenylmethane, 5 and iii) the remainder being 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, totaling the% by weight of A) l) i), A) l) ii) and A) l) iii 100% by weight, 10 and 2) of about 10 to about 90% by weight, based on 100% by weight of A) 1 and A) 2), of an isocyanate consisting of: i) from 0 to 60% by weight of diisocyanate of 2, 4 '-diphenylmethane, ii) not more than 6% by weight of diisocyanate 2,2'-diphenylmethane, iii) from 30 to 100% by weight of 2,4,4-diiphenylmethane diisocyanate and iv) from 0 to 60% by weight of higher functional isocyanates of the diphenylmethane series, totaling the% by weight of A) 2) i), A) 2) ii, A) 2) iii and A) 2) iv 100% by weight, and B) said isocyanate-reactive component consists of: 1) from about 70 to about 99.5% by weight, based on 100% by weight of component B), of one or more polyether polyhydroxyl compounds having hydroxyl functionalities of about 1.5 to 6 and molecular weights of about 1,000 to about 10,000, 2) of about 0 to about 5% in weight, based on 100% by weight of component B), of one or more organic compounds having molecular weights of 90 to less than 1,000 and containing 2 to 4 isocyanate-reactive groups, said compound being selected from the group consisting of in polyols, amines, aminoalcohols and their mixtures; and 3) from 0.5 to about 30% by weight, based on 100% by weight of component B), of one or more polyoxyalkylenepolyamines having molecular weights of about 1,000. to about 7,000 and containing from about 2 to about 4 primary amine groups, in the presence of C) an insufflating agent consisting of water and D) at least one catalyst, such being the quantities of components A), B) and C) that the isocyanate index is from 70 to 110. 2

5. A process for the production of a flexible molded foam consisting of the reaction of: A) an isocyanate component consisting of: 1) a diisocyanate containing allophanate groups and having an isocyanate group content of about 12 to about 32.5% by weight and which is prepared by reacting an aliphatic and / or aromatic alcohol with a diphenylmethane diisocyanate, consisting of: i) 0 to 60% by weight of 2,4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, ii) no more than 6% by weight of diisocyanate 2,2'-diphenylmethane and iii) the remaining diisocyanate being 4.4. - diphenylmethane, totaling the% by weight of A) l) i), A) l) ii) and A) 1) iii 100%, with B) an isocyanate reactive component, consist of: 1) of about 70 to about 99.998% by weight, based on 100% by weight of component B), of one or more polyether polyhydroxyl compounds that there are hydroxyl functionalities of from about 1.5 to 6 and molecular weights of from about 1,000 to about 10,000 and 2) from about 0.002 to about 30% by weight, based on 100% by weight of component B), of one or more organic compounds having molecular weights of from 90 to less than 1,000 and containing 2 to 4 isocyanate-reactive groups, said compound being selected from the group consisting of polyols, amines, aminoalcohols and mixtures thereof, in the presence of of C) an insufflating agent consisting of water and D) at least one catalyst, the amounts of components A), B) and C) being such that the isocyanate number is from 60 to 120. 2

6. A process for the production of a flexible molded foam consisting of the reaction of: A) an isocyanate component having an isocyanate group content of about 13.6 to 33.5% by weight and consisting of: 1) approximate 10 to about 90% by weight, based on 100% by weight of A) 1) and A) 2), of a diisocyanate containing allophanate groups and having an isocyanate group content of about 12%. about 32.5% by weight and which is prepared by reacting an aliphatic and / or aromatic alcohol with a diphenylmethane diisocyanate consisting of: i) from 0 to 60% by weight of 2,4,4'-diisocyanate diphenylmethane, ii) not more than 6% by weight of diisocyanate-nato-2,2'-diphenylmethane, and iii) the diisocyanate being 4,4'-diphenylmethane, totaling the% by weight of A) 1) ), 10 A) l) ii) and A) l) iii 100% by weight, and 2) from about 10 to about 90% by weight, based on 100% by weight of A) 1 and A) 2), of an isocyanate consisting of: i) from 0 to 60% by weight of 2,4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, ii) not more than 6% by weight of 2,2'-diisocyanate nato. -diphenylmethane, 20 iii) from 30 to 100% by weight d and 4,4 '-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and iv) from 0 to 60% by weight of higher functional isocyanates of the diphenylmethane series, totaling the% by weight of A) 2) i), A) 2) ii, A) 2) iii - and A) 2) iv 100% by weight, and B) said isocyanate-reactive component consists of: 1) from about 70 to about 99.5% by weight, based on 100 % by weight of component B), of one or more polyether polyhydroxyl compounds having hydroxyl functionalities of about 1.5 to 6 and molecular weights of about 1,000 to about 10,000, 2) of about 0 to about 5% by weight , based on 100% by weight of component B), of one or more organic compounds having molecular weights of 90 to less than 1,000 and containing 2 to 4 isocyanate-reactive groups, said compound being selected from the group consisting of polyols, amines, aminoalcohols and their mixtures and 3) from 0.5 to approximately 30% by weight or, based on 100% by weight of component B), of one or more polyoxyalkylene polyamines having molecular weights of from about 1,000 to about 7,000 and containing from about 2 to about 4 primary amine groups, in the presence of C) an insufflating agent consisting of water and D) at least one catalyst , such being the amounts of components A), B) and C) that the isocyanate index is from 70 to 110.