MXPA98006105A - Bioactive glass compositions and treatment methods that use bioact glass - Google Patents

Abstract

A novel silica-based bioactive glass composition which can be used in conjunction with a delivery agent such as toothpaste, gel, etc., having a particle size variz < 90æm which forms a rapid and continuous reaction with bodily fluids due to the immediate and long-term ionic release of Ca and P from the core silica particles to produce an apatite layer of stable crystalline hydroxycarbonate deposited on and within the tubules of the dentin for immediate and long-term reduction of dentine hypersensitivity and remineralization of the surface of the tooth

Description

BIOACTIVE GLASS COMPOSITIONS AND TREATMENT METHODS USING BIOACTIVE GLASS RELATED REQUESTS This application is a continuation request in part of the application of E. U. A. Copendant Series No. 08 / 597,936 filed on February 7, 1996, the description of which is incorporated herein by reference. This application is also a request for continuation in part of the provisional application of E. U. A. Copendiente Series No. 60 / 010,795 filed on January 29, 1996, the description of which is incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to bioactive glass compositions. More particularly, the present invention relates to improved bioactive glass compositions that include particles that have combinations of size scales significantly lower than the previous compositions. The present invention also relates to various methods of treatment including the use of said bioactive glass compositions.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The enamel of the human teeth naturally undergoes a process of demineralization. Exposure of enamel to saliva and food slowly leaches the minerals from the tooth and eventually leads to increased susceptibility to deterioration. This process of demineralization results in incipient caries, which typically are very small defects on the surface of the enamel that are usually left untreated. Demineralization of carious dentin may also occur in patients who have exposed regions of dentin resulting in deterioration below the cement-enamel junction. Therefore, there has been much work associated with the reduction of this natural demineralization process including the application of fluoride or other topical treatments. For example, U.S. Patent No. 5,427,768 discloses calcium phosphate solutions, which are supersaturated with respect to calcium phosphate and carbon dioxide solids. The solutions deposit calcium phosphate compounds with or without fluoride on and in weaknesses the tooth such as tooth decay, exposed root, or dentin. U.A. Patents No. 5,268, 167 and 5,037,639 describe the use of amorphous calcium compounds such as amorphous calcium phosphate, amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride and amorphous calcium carbonate phosphate for use in the remineralization of the tooth. These amorphous compounds, when applied to the dental tissue, avoid and / or repair the dental weakness. The disadvantages of these methods include, (1) a low pH needed for the application, which can be an irritant, (2) the rapid reaction results in a short-term effect, (3) since these methods use solutions, current reactions are difficult to control from patient to patient, and (4) since the reactions are rapid and of short duration, the procedure must be repeated to maintain the effect. Also, both methods require maintenance of at least one solution with pressurized C02 before mixing the supply, which makes the method difficult to incorporate into a non-enrolled procedure. The demineralization eventually leads to the cavitation of the enamel coating so that there is an exposure of the underlying structure of the tooth. Typically, this type of deterioration is treated by piercing the deteriorated region and inserting a semi-permanent filling material. However, there is a need for less invasive means to attack and reverse the deterioration. Prophylactic excavation and fissure sealants have been widely used to prevent deterioration in areas that are particularly at risk of deterioration. These sealants have included polymer or other cements that require a dry application and the use of a fixing agent. These sealants are temporary and do not provide an optimal seal. Liners and bases are materials that are used to treat surfaces of recently exposed teeth such as those surfaces exposed by perforation. After a cavity is preparedIt is a common practice to apply a liner or base before filling the cavity with a filling material. A liner is a thin coating of material and a base is a thicker lining. The liner and base materials are designed to reduce the permeability of the dentine on the abutting surface of the tooth material and to protect against microfuge around and through the filler material and seal the tubules of the dentine. Older liners or "cavity varnishes" include materials such as organic "gums" dissolved in organic solvents. After the evaporation of the organic solvent, the gum is left behind. The disadvantages associated with these organic gums are well documented and include leaking joints, lack of adhesion, acid vulnerability, etc. Another method for lining is described in U.S. Patent No. 4,538,990, which describes the application of 1 to 30% w / v of a neutral oxalate salt solution, such as dipotassium oxalate to the stained layer and then applying 0.5. at 3% w / v of an acid oxalate salt solution such as oxalate monopotassium acid to the layer. Research has shown poor seal occlusion of the tubules with this method. The patent of E. U. A. No. 5,296,026 discloses glass phosphate cement compositions and methods for their use as surgical implant materials for filling cavities in bone and teeth channels. Cement compositions include P2O5, CaO, SrO and Na2O in combination with an aqueous liquid with or without therapeutic agents. The mixing of the powder and the liquid results in hardened reactions. When the cement is implanted in the hard tissue, it serves as a filler / graft material and together with the release of the leachable constituents can aid in the healing and maintenance of a healthy bone. Several bioactive and biocompatible glasses have been developed as bone replacement materials. Studies have shown that these glasses will induce or help osteogenesis in physiological systems. Hench et al, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 5: 1 17-141 (1971). The developed bond between bone and glass has been shown to be extremely strong and stable. Piotrowski et al., J. Biomed Mater. Res. 9: 47-61 (1975). The toxicological evaluation of the glasses has not shown any toxic effect on bone or soft tissue in numerous in vitro and in vivo models. Wilson et al. , J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 805-817 (1981). It has been reported that glass is bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal most likely related to the change in pH induced by the dissolution of the ions from the surface of the glass and lack of bacterial adhesion to the surface of the glass. Stoor et al, Bioceramics Vol. 8 p. 253-258 Wilson et al (1995). The union of glass to the bone begins with the exposure of glass to aqueous solutions. Na + in the glass is exchanged with H + from the fluids of the body causing the pH to increase. Ca and P migrate from the glass forming a surface layer rich in Ca-P. Below this layer of Ca-P is a layer which becomes silica-rich in increasing form due to the loss of Na, Ca and P ions (Patent of US Pat. No. 4, 851, 046). The behavior of bioactive glass as solid implants in a dental application was reported by Stanley et al. , Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, Vol. 58, pp. 607-61 3 (1987). The forms of replica teeth were manufactured and implanted in alveoli of the incisor extracted from adult mandrels. The successful union of the implants to the surrounding bone was seen after the histological examination in six months. The clinical application of this technique is currently available for human use. Endosseous Ridge Maintenance I mplant ERMI®. Particulate bioactive glass has been used for the repair of periodontal bone defect (patent of E. U. A. No. 4, 851, 046) using a size scale of 90-170 μm and a compositional scale described in the following table.

Component% in Weight SiO2 40-55 CaO 10-30 Na2O 1 0-35 P20s 2-8 CaF 0-25 B203 0- 10 The previously described data have shown that 60% of silica is beyond the limit of the derived glasses under bioactive fusion. Okasuki et al. Nippon Seramikbusu Kyokai Gakijutsu Konbuski, Vol. 99, pp. 1-6 (1991). The size scale of 90-710 μm was determined as the most effective for periodontal applications when it is in direct contact with the bone. However, scale sizes smaller than 90 μm were not effective due to their high reactivity regimen and rapid resorption at the bone site. In addition, scale sizes smaller than 90 μm were determined to be ineffective at soft tissue sites also due to the assumption that the smaller particles were removed by macrophage (see patent E.U.A. 4,851,046) . A scale of size smaller than 200 μm was also found to be ineffective in certain bone defects (see patent U.S.A. 5,204, 106) due to the high rate of reactivity. The patent of E. U.A. No. 4,239, 1 13 ("the '1 13" patent) also describes the use of a bone cement. The '13 patent only describes bioactive glass ceramic powder with a particle size of 10-200 microns. In addition, the '13 patent also requires the use of copolymers of methyl methacrylate and vitreous mineral fibers. None of the above methods or compositions provides the combined advantages of both easy application and adherence to tooth structure including penetration into very small tooth structure defects and the opportunity for continued chemical and physical interaction with tooth structure after the application. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a composition capable of chemical and physical interaction with the structure of the tooth that is easily applied and easily adherent to the structure of the tooth. It is a further object of the invention to provide a method for using said bioactive glass composition to treat a variety of dental conditions and other conditions.

COMPENDIUM OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to, for example, a bioactive glass composition including bioactive and particulate biocompatible glass including in weight percent: SiO2 40-55 CaO 10-30 Na2O 10-35 P205 2-8 CaF2 0-25 B203 0-10 K2O 0-8 MgO 0-5, the bioactive and biocompatible glass in particles including particles smaller than 90 μm and an effective amount of remineralization of particles less than about 10 μm. The present invention also relates to various methods of dental treatment including remineralization, fissure sealing and / or excavations, tooth structure lining, deterioration treatment, pulp covering, treatment of sensitive tooth structure after surgery, sealing of dentine tubules, and surface for tissue regeneration.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a dentin control surface that has been treated with 37% phosphoric acid for 30 seconds to remove any stain layer after sectioning and grinding to emulate clinical sensitivity. The surface has not been treated with bioactive glass according to the present invention (amplification of 2000X). Figure 2 is a dentin control surface that has been treated with 37% phosphoric acid for 30 seconds to remove any stain layer after sectioning and grinding to emulate clinical sensitivity. The surface has not been treated with bioactive glass according to the present invention (amplification of 3000X). Figure 3 is a dentin surface that has been etched with acid and treated with a bioactive glass composition according to the present invention in water and glycerin for 2 minutes (submicron particle size scale 90 μm, 1000X amplification). Figure 4 is a dentin surface that has been chemically etched with acid and subsequently treated with a bioactive glass composition according to the present invention in water and glycerin for 2 minutes. Surfaces were subsequently agitated and rinsed with water for 2 minutes (particle size scale from submicron to 20 μm, 2000X amplification). Figure 5 is a dentin surface that has been chemically etched with acid and subsequently treated with a bioactive glass composition according to the present invention and placed in water for 3 days. There was no subsequent agitation, but the surface was rinsed with water for 2 minutes (90 micron submicron particle size scale, 2000X amplification). Figure 6 is a dentin surface that has been chemically etched with acid and subsequently treated with a bioactive glass composition according to the present invention in water and toothpaste for 2 minutes with agitation and a subsequent 2 minute water rinse (particle size scale from submicron to 3 μm, amplification of 3000X). Figure 7 is a dentin surface that has been chemically etched with acid and treated with a bioactive glass composition according to the present invention in water and toothpaste for 2 minutes with shaking and rinsing with water for 2 minutes (scale of particle size from submicron to 3 μm, amplification of 3500X). Figures 8 and 9 each include a dentin surface which has been chemically etched with acid with phosphoric acid, treated with a bioactive glass composition according to the present invention for 2 minutes and immersed in a pH regulated salt with phosphate for 5 days (scale of submicron particle size). Figure 10 depicts a dentin surface that has been chemically etched with acid and subsequently entrapped with an individual application of a bioactive glass composition in accordance with the present invention. Figure 1 1 depicts a dentin surface that has been chemically etched with acid and treated with three separate applications of a bioactive glass composition according to the present invention. Figure 12 is a Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR) performed on specimens with bioactive glass of optimal sizes and shaped particles.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a bioactive glass composition that is useful, for example, in the remineralization of enamel, remineralization of incipient caries, remineralization of carious dentin, prevention of caries, to reduce deterioration, reverse deterioration, anticaries, excavations and sealants of fissure, prophylactic pastes, fluoride treatments, dentin semen, etc. It can also be included in toothpastes, linings, bases, gels and restorative material, for example, packaging, indirect pulp covering agent, etc. The compositions according to the present invention may also be useful in the treatment of surfaces after periodontal surgery to reduce the sensitivity of the dentine and increase tissue attachment. The compositions are active for the treatment of various defects associated with a variety of dental conditions and other conditions and currently chemically and physically bond the tooth thus remineralizing the structure of the tooth. As it is called in the present, remineralization is the formation of hydroxyapatite. The formation of hydroxyapatite begins with the exposure of a bioactive glass composition to aqueous solutions. It is believed that the sodium ions (Na +) in the bioactive glass are exchanged with H + ions in body fluids causing the pH to increase. Then, calcium and phosphorus migrate from the bioactive glass forming a surface layer rich in calcium-phosphorus. An underlying silica rich zone slowly increases as the sodium ion in the bioactive glass continues to exchange with the hydrogen ion in the solution. In the future, the calcium-phosphorus rich layer crystallizes in a hydroxyapatite material. Collagen can be structurally integrated with the apatite agglomerates. As presented below, an effective amount of remineralization is any amount capable of forming hydroxyapatite. The term "tooth structure" used herein, is intended to refer to any aspect or aspects of a tooth including, but not limited to, enamel, dentin, pulp, tooth root structure, cement, root dentin, dentin coronary, and any dental fabrication, etc. A bioactive glass according to the present invention is a glass composition which will form an apatite layer of hydroxycarbonate in vitro when placed in a simulated body fluid. For example, the following composition by weight will provide a bioactive glass: SiO2 40-60 CaO 1 0-30 Na2O 1 0-35 P205 2-8 CaF2 0-25 B203 0-1 0 K2O 0-8 MgO 0-5 The glasses Bioactive with these properties provide a more effective material for interaction with tooth structure. A biocompatible glass according to the present invention is one that does not trigger an overwhelmingly adverse immune response.

In accordance with the present invention, it has been found that bioactive glasses of specific particle sizes are particularly useful for the treatment of the aforementioned conditions. Specifically, surprising results have been obtained through the present invention, where small and very small particles are combined. For example, when compositions that include small particles that are capable of bonding with the tooth structure (e.g. less than about 90 microns) as well as smaller particles (e.g., less than about 10) are used in combination, the more particles large of these adhere to the structure of the tooth and act as ionic deposits, while the smaller ones are able to enter and lodge within several irregularities of the surface of the tooth structure. The larger particles of these particles provide a deposit of calcium and additional phosphorus, so that the mineralization or deposition of calcium phosphate layer started by the small particles, you can continue. The additional calcium and phosphorus can be leached to the entire structure of the tooth as well as to particles that have become attached in the interior or in the openings of irregularities of the surface of the tooth structure such as dentine tubules. This in turn provides for the continuation of a whole reaction and the continued growth of the smallest particles of these particles which have been housed within or on the openings of said surface irregularities and can result in an effective coating or filler in the irregularity of the surface. This excess concentration of calcium and phosphorus ions is necessary for the continuous reaction of the smaller particles to occur, since the smaller particles rapidly expel their ions as a result of their relatively high surface area. The larger of these particles will react and release their ions more slowly as a long-term effect. In addition, the largest of these particles will mechanically abrade the surface of the tooth by opening several irregularities in the surface allowing small particles to enter and react with the irregularity of the surface. This effect is very beneficial in a variety of applications. For example, to avoid decay or deterioration, the composition of the present invention is able to penetrate to the depths of the smallest surface irregularities and receive a continuous supply of ions from the larger particles nearby so that it is able to grow afterwards. of letting your stored ion supply out. This is also very useful for sealing excavations and fissures and a more effective and long-lasting seal is obtained. In some embodiments of the present invention, extremely small particles are used. For example, particles that are on the scale of 2 μm to submicrons fit within the dentine tubules that are approximately 1 -2 μm in diameter. The occlusion of these tubules leads to a significant reduction in the amount of sensitivity after, for example, periodontal surgery. Preferably, mixtures of particles smaller than 2 microns and larger than 45 microns in diameter are used. It has been found that this combination produces a particularly effective composition. The compositions according to the present invention generally do not require a time setting. The previous compositions were easily washed through mechanical abrasion caused by brushing, exposure to mild acids in the food, flow of saliva or other liquids that are normally in contact with the teeth. However, some compositions according to the present invention have generally been able to withstand significant agitation, rinsing with water and long-term soaking in simulated saliva for 5 days. In addition, many of the small particles of the present invention do not require a time setting since they begin to react chemically and adhere to the structure of the tooth as soon as they come into contact with these surfaces and the fluids naturally present in the mouth. Although the compositions according to the present invention are effective with a single application, multiple applications will probably be more effective. Surprisingly, the relatively small particulate bioactive glass of the present invention does not generate a significant immune response. In addition, it is generally not surrounded by macrophages and becomes inactive in this application. The composition of the present invention is capable of providing a bioactive layer that will form a new structural layer, which is a lasting remineralization of the tooth structure. This has been verified through the reformation of an apatite layer of hydroxycarbonate on the surfaces of the dentine after treatment with compositions according to the present invention with infrared Fourier transformation spectroscopy (FTI R). In an embodiment according to the present invention, the particles have a particle size of approximately 20 microns with approximately 30% of the particles smaller than 10 microns. In another embodiment according to the present invention the particles have an average particle size of 10 microns with at least 25% smaller than 2 microns. The compositions of the present invention can be formulated in a toothpaste. Actually, the particles can replace the silica currently used in toothpastes. The addition of fluoride in the glass composition will improve and strengthen the structure of the tooth. In addition to the direct application of the bioactive glass to the tooth, the bioactive glass composition of the present invention can also be applied in saline or in a medium based on distilled water. The compositions of the present invention can also be formulated in mouthrinses, gels or can be applied through a dentist as a paste.

EXAMPLES The following working examples are non-limiting. In vitro experiments were performed using a standardized dentin layer of human tooth from an extracted tooth. These discs were cut from extracted teeth using an Isomet diamond saw (Buchler Ltd). The discs had a thickness of 1.0 mm and the size of the tooth. The occlusal surfaces were ground in a series of wet silicon carbide papers with a value ranging from 320 to 600. This was done to standardize the test surfaces. The surfaces were treated with 37% phosphoric acid for 60 seconds to remove the layer of stain created during the grinding process and open and enlarge all the tubules of the dentin (see Figures 1 and 2). The surface was rinsed with distilled water for 20 seconds and dried with an oil-free air stream. Each layer was divided in half and the experimental material was placed on the middle of the specimen as described in the examples. An untreated plaque with open and enlarged tubules is shown in Figures 1 and 2. Scanning electron microscopy was performed on the surface of the layer in each group. The layers were mounted on scanning electron microscope supports using silver paste. All specimens were vacuum dried, sputter coated and examined in a JEOL-T200 scanning electron microscope.

EXAMPLE 1 The starting product was a mixture containing (% by weight): SiO2 45 CaO 24.5 NazO 24.5 P2O5 6 The mixture was melted in a covered platinum crucible at 1350 ° C for 2 hours to obtain homogenization. The mixture was then quenched with deionized water at 0 ° C. The glass in the form of a frit was placed in an appropriate grinding apparatus including a ball mill, impact mill. The glass was milled for 2 hours and separated into scales of appropriate size. The particle size scale smaller than 90 μm was obtained using this process and was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and the laser light diffusion technique (Coulter LS 1 00). These mixtures were placed on the dentin plates previously described. Dentin exposure times ranged from two minutes with friction to three days without any agitation. The occlusion of the tubes is presented in Figures 3-7. In Figures 3-7 we see the total and partial occlusion of dentine tubules with multiple sizes of small particles present (1 -5 μm). In addition, the larger particles that are visible will act as reservoirs for the chemical composition. The above information of hydroxyapatite crystals was started on the surface of the dentin and confirmed by FTIR.

EXAMPLE 2 Figures 8 and 9 indicate the results obtained using submicron particles made according to Example 1. The samples of Figures 8 and 9 are surfaces of the dentine that were chemically etched with acid, with phosphoric acid, treated with a bioactive glass for two minutes and immersed in saline regulated in its pH with phosphate for 5 days. With the lack of large particles for deposit activity, a less complete generation was presented confirmed by FTIR.

EXAMPLE 3 Example 3 was conducted to illustrate the benefits associated with multiple applications of compositions according to the present invention. First, a dentin surface chemically etched with acid was treated with an individual treatment of particulate bioactive glass for 2 minutes and is presented in Figure 10. A surface of the dentin that was chemically etched with acid and treated three times during 2 minutes, is presented in Figure 1 1.

Figure 10 shows the penetration and significant occlusion of the tubules with a junction on the surface of the dentin. There are not many large particles visible in Figure 1 0. In Figure 11, there is even more significant penetration and occlusion of the tubules and a larger number of particles present. This demonstrates the benefits associated with multiple application including tubules as well as the increased presence of larger Ca and P ion deposits. This also demonstrates the interparticle welding of the larger particles to the smaller particles already attached to the surface. .

EXAMPLE 4 Example 4 further illustrates the benefits associated with the use of particles smaller than 2 microns in combination with particles larger than 45 microns in size. The FTIR spectra for the following examples are included in Figure 12 to illustrate remineralization: Sample No. 1 Control (surface of untreated dentin). Shows No 2 Surface of the dentin chemically attacked with acid. Sample No. 3 Treated with bioactive glass particles less than 3 microns in particle size for 2 minutes. Sample No. 4 Treated with bioactive glass particles, where 40% were less than 2 microns, 15% were in the 8 to 2 micron scale, 15% were in the 8 to 20 micron scale, 15% were in the scale of 20 to 38 microns and 15% were on the scale of 38 to 90 microns.

As illustrated in Figure 12, the control sample provides a representative view of the hydroxycarbonate apatite spectrum (HCA) The shape of the peaks between the wave number 1150 to 500 are very characteristic of HCA. In Sample 2, the peaks are interrupted after treatment with the chemical etchant with acid, especially on a scale of 1 150 to 900. This indicates a loss of the mineral components of the tooth structure, calcium and phosphorus. Sample 3 shows a partial remineralization of calcium and phosphorus on the structure of the tooth. Sample 4 was treated with the mixture of optimal size and shape of bioactive glass and shows an almost complete remineralization. A photomicrograph of Sample 4 is included as Figure 1 1.

EXAMPLE 5 Comparative Example 5 shows the benefits associated with the use of particles smaller than 10 microns in combination with particles larger than 45 microns in size in the use of particles smaller than 2 microns or 53-90μ. A surface control sample of untreated dentin is used in addition to the treated surfaces as described below: All the samples in the previous Table were subjected to a humid environment for 24 hours and then dried for 48 hours. As noted above, the combination of particles smaller than 2 microns and 53-90μ provided the best results. It is believed that the presence of both size scales allows the smaller particles that are lodged in the tubules to continue to grow after they have expelled their own Ca and P ions and are able to make use of such ions from other larger particles. nearby acting as ion deposits of Ca and P.

OTHER EXAMPLES The starting product composition for the following examples was the same as in Example 1, except that the level of Si02 was 45%, 55% and 60%. Also, the method of preparation was different. The mixture was melted in a covered platinum crucible 1350 ° C for two hours to obtain homogenization. The mixture was emptied in one layer, followed by cooling to room temperature and triturated with a hammer. The crushed glass fractions were then separated by sieving through a normal screen. The fractions were then separated and retained.

The particle size scale smaller than 90 μm was obtained using this process and was confirmed through scanning electron microscopy and laser light diffusion technique (Coulter LS 100). These mixtures were placed on the dentin plates previously described. Samples containing 45%, 55% and 60% SiO2 were used in the preparations with the same results observed in Figure 1. Again, the key to these data was the presence of the particle size scale. In these examples, scales of up to 60% silica are found with a particle size scale of submicron at 90 microns showing similar reactions to Example 1 on dentin surfaces. Although the present invention has been described in one or more embodiments, this description is not intended in any way to limit the scope of the claims.

Claims (10)

1 .- A bioactive glass composition comprising bioactive and biocompatible glass in particles that includes in weight percentage: SiO2 40-60 CaO 1 0-30 Na2O 1 0-35 P205 2-8 CaF2 0-25 B203 0- 1 0 K2O 0-8 MgO 0-5, the bioactive and biocompatible glass in particles including particles smaller than 90 μm and an effective remineralization amount of particles less than about 10 μm.

2. A method for preventing deterioration of the tooth comprising contacting a tooth structure with a composition of claim 1.

3. A method for treating the deterioration of the tooth comprising contacting a tooth surface with the proposition of claim 1.

4. A method for preventing incipient caries comprising contacting a tooth structure with the composition of claim 1.

5. - A method for remineralizing enamel comprising contacting a tooth structure with the composition of claim 1.

6. A method for incipient caries remineralization comprising contacting a tooth structure with the composition of claim 1.

7. A method for sealing cracks in the tooth structure comprising contacting a tooth structure with the composition of claim 1.

8. A method for sealing excavations in the tooth structure comprising contacting a tooth structure with the composition of claim 1.

9. A method for covering the tooth structure comprising contacting a tooth structure with the composition of claim 1.

10. A method for covering the pulp comprising contacting a tooth structure with the composition of claim 1. 1 1 .- A method for treating hypersensitivity of the tooth comprising contacting a tooth structure with the composition of claim 1. 12. A method for treating tooth structure after periodontal surgery comprising contacting a tooth structure with the composition of claim 1. 13. A composition for treating teeth comprising the composition of claim 1 and a toothpaste, liner, base, gel, restorative material, glycerin gel, mouthwash, prophylactic paste, or an indirect pulp covering agent , or mixtures thereof. 14.- A bioactive glass composition comprising bioactive and particulate biocompatible glass that includes in percentage by weight: SiO2 40-60 CaO 10-30 Na2O 10-35 P205 2-8 CaF2 0-25 B203 0-10 K2O 0- 8 MgO 0-5, the bioactive and biocompatible glass in particles including particles between 45μ and 90μm and an effective remineralization amount of particles smaller than approximately 10 μm. 15. A method for preventing deterioration of the tooth comprising contacting a tooth structure with a composition of claim 14. 16. A method for treating deterioration of the tooth comprising contacting a surface of the tooth with the tooth. proposition of claim 14. 17. A method for preventing incipient caries comprising contacting a tooth structure with the composition of claim 14. 18. A method for remineralizing enamel comprising contacting a tooth structure with the composition of claim 14. 19. A method for incipient caries remineralization comprising contacting a tooth structure with the composition of claim 14. 20. A method for sealing cracks in the structure of the tooth comprising contacting a tooth structure with the composition of claim 14. 21.- A method to seal excavations in the est tooth structure comprising contacting a tooth structure with the composition of claim 14. 22. A method for lining the tooth structure comprising contacting a tooth structure with the composition of claim 14. 23. A method for covering the pulp comprising contacting a tooth structure with the composition of claim 14. 24.- A method for treating hypersensitivity of the tooth comprising contacting a tooth structure with the composition of claim 14. 25.- A method for treating tooth structure after periodontal surgery comprising contacting a tooth structure with the tooth. composition of claim 14. 26.- A composition for treating teeth comprising the composition of claim 14 and a toothpaste., liner, base, gel, restorative material, glycerin gel, mouthwash, prophylactic paste, or an indirect pulp covering agent, or mixtures thereof. 27. An active glass composition comprising bioactive and biocompatible glass in particles that includes particles smaller than 90 μm and an effective remineralization amount of particles smaller than 10 μm. 28.- An active glass composition comprising bioactive and biocompatible glass in particles that includes particles smaller than 90 μm and an effective remineralization amount of particles smaller than 5 μm. 29. An active glass composition comprising bioactive and biocompatible glass in particles that includes particles smaller than 90 μm and an amount of effective remineralization of particles smaller than 2 μm. 30. A method for preventing deterioration of the tooth comprising contacting a tooth structure with a composition of claim 27. 31 .- A method for treating the deterioration of the tooth comprising contacting a tooth surface with the tooth. proposition of claim 27. 32.- A method for preventing incipient caries comprising contacting a tooth structure with the composition of claim 27. 33.- A method for remineralizing enamel comprising contacting a tooth structure with the composition of claim 27. 34.- A method for incipient caries remineralization comprising contacting a tooth structure with the composition of claim 27. 35.- A method for sealing cracks in the structure of the tooth comprising contacting a tooth structure with the composition of claim 27. 36.- A method for sealing excavations in the tooth structure comprising contacting a tooth structure with the composition of claim 27. 37.- A method for lining the tooth structure comprising contacting a tooth structure with the composition of claim 27. 38. A method for covering the pulp comprising contacting a tooth structure with the composition of claim 27. 39.- A method for treating hypersensitivity of the tooth comprising contacting a tooth structure with the composition of claim 27 40.- A method to treat tooth structure after periodontal surgery comprising contacting a tooth structure with the composition of claim 27. 41 .- A composition for treating teeth comprising the composition of claim 27 and a toothpaste, liner, base, gel, restorative material, glicerin gel, mouthwash, prophylactic paste, or an indirect pulp covering agent, or mixtures thereof. 42.- A bioactive glass composition comprising bioactive and biocompatible glass in particles that includes particles smaller than 90μm and particles smaller than approximately 2μm. 43.- A method for the remineralization of the tooth structure comprising contacting a tooth structure with the need for remineralization with a bioactive glass composition including an amount of effective remineralization of particles smaller than 90 μm. 44.- A bioactive glass composition comprising bioactive and biocompatible glass in particles that includes in weight percentage: SiO2 40-60 CaO 10-30 Na20 1 0-35 P205 2-8 CaF2 0-25 B203 0-1 0 K2O 0-8 MgO 0-5, the bioactive and biocompatible glass in particles including particles between 53μ and 90μm and an effective remineralization amount of particles smaller than approximately 2 μm.