MXPA98003207A - A shock absorber compressed with slanding (s) and / or cut - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a compressed cushion layer (10) having slits (4) and / or cuts (4) therein, which provide an improved damping development. The compressed buffer layer (10) of the invention is useful, for example, for cushioning rotary spacer articles and also rotary storage means such as compact discs.

Description

A SHOCK ABSORBER COMPRESSED WITH SLANDING (S) AND / OR CUT (S) FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a compressed cushion layer having slits and / or cut (s) there, which provides improved vibration damping development. The compressed buffer layer of the invention is useful, for example, for damping rotating separator articles and also rotary storage methods such as compact discs.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Due to the vibration encountered in use, attempts have been made in the past to dampen rotary storage media such as compact discs. For example, U.S. Patent No. 4,726,007 (McCormack) discloses a cushion, which is not a compressed cushion layer, made REF: 27225 Substantially rigid, sound absorbing and low transmission of material that has the shape of a disc and which is fixed so that it remains in contact with or that is adhered to the top of the compact disc. The compressed buffer layer has also been used to dampen the rotary storage medium. The compressed buffer layers are used when fixing the compressed buffer layer with an outer surface of the article to be cushioned. Compressed damping layers have been frequently used which include a layer of material that dampens vibration in a support and includes a central hole there, but does not include any slits or cuts in the area of the cushion between the central hole and the perimeter of the shock absorber . See, for example, the application of European Patent 0507515 A 2 (Woo). Two types of compressed buffer layers are known which have a particular shape with cuts, which in addition to a central hole. These Two types of shock absorbers are both available from Combak Corporation located in Kanagawa, Japan under the registered names of MY-T selection sheet and Harmonix CD Treatment RF-11. These known shock absorbers are illustrated in Figs. 7 and 8, respectively. The shock absorber known in Fig. 7 includes a central hole 70 and four projections 72 each having a rectangular shaped portion extending from the perimeter of the hole towards the perimeter of the shock absorber. At the end of each rectangular part is a somewhat off-center circular part having a diameter greater than the width of the rectangular part of the projection. The damper known in Fig. 8 includes a central hole 80 and four separate cuts 82 positioned symmetrically near the hole in the center of the damper. Each cut has the same shape, they have a characteristic cross shape that has somewhat decentered circular parts at each of the transverse ends.

Therefore, there still exists a need for a compressed buffer layer that can provide an improved cushioning development beyond what is currently available with known compressed buffer layers.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Such a shock absorber, having an improved damping development, has been found and is the subject of the present invention. The present invention provides a new compressed cushion layer that surprisingly exhibits superior damping properties compared to known compressed damping layers. A first embodiment of the shock absorber of the present invention provides: a shock absorber comprising: an assembly comprising: one (s) layer (s) of compressed vibration damping material on one side of a support where the support has a Young's Modulus greater than the layer (s) of the material that dampens the vibration; where the assembly has a hole that passes through the center of the assembly; where the assembly has a perimeter and the hole has a perimeter; where the assembly has at least one slit, each slit independently extends through the support and optionally further extends through the layer of the vibration damping material, wherein the shock absorber has improved vibration damping properties compared to an identical shock absorber having no gap (s). A preferred buffer comprises: an assembly comprising: a layer (s) of material that dampens compressed vibration to one side of a support where the support has a Young's Modulus greater than the layer (s) of the material that dampens vibration; where the assembly has a hole that passes through the center of the assembly; where the assembly has a perimeter and the hole has a perimeter; where the assembly has at least four slits, each slit independently extends through the support and optionally further extends through the layer (s) of the vibration damping material, where each slit has sufficient length and is placed such that each slot vector has a length of at least 50% of the smallest distance from a point of the perimeter of the hole to a point on the perimeter of the frame, where the assembly of the damper may be centrally placed in the four quadrant grid defined by two perpendicular straight lines that intersect such that at least one vector of the separated slit is present in each of the four quadrants. Also provided is the cushion where each of the slits is sufficiently long and positioned such that each vector of the slit has a length of at least 75 percent of the shortest distance between a point on the perimeter of the hole and a point on the perimeter of the assembly. Also provided is the shock absorber where each of the slits is of sufficient length and positioned such that the vector of the slit has at least 90 percent of the shortest distance from a point on the perimeter of the hole to a point on the perimeter of the reinforcement. . A second embodiment of the shock absorber of the present invention provides a shock absorber comprising: a reinforcement comprising: a layer (s) of material that dampens compressed vibration to one side of a support where it has a Young's Modulus greater than the (s) layer (s) of the material that dampens the vibration; where the armed has a perimeter; where the assembly has a hole that passes through the center of the assembly, where the perimeter of the hole is defined by the largest circle that can be fitted inside the hole; where one of (i) and (ii) is true: the assembly has at least one cut there, where each cut independently extends through the support and optionally further extends through the layer (s) of the vibration damping material, (ii) the assembly has a combination of at least one cut and at least one slit where in each of the cuts independently extends through the support and optionally further extends through the layer (s) of the material that dampens the vibration, and where each of the indentations independently extends through the support and optionally further extends through the layer (s) of the material that dampens the vibration; where the shock absorber has improved vibration dampening properties compared to an identical shock absorber that has no slit (s) and cut (s). A preferred buffer comprises: an assembly comprising: a layer (s) of material that dampens compressed vibration on one side of a support where it has a Young's Modulus greater than the layer (s) of the material that dampen vibration; where the armed has a perimeter; where the assembly has a hole that passes through the center of the assembly, where the perimeter of the hole is defined by the largest circle that can be fitted inside the hole; where one of (i) and (ii) is accurate: the assembly has at least four cuts there, where at least one cut has an internal angle of 90 ° or less, where each cut independently extends through the support and optionally to Through the layer (s) of the vibration damping material, (ii) the assembly has a combination of cut (s) and slit (s) such that at least one cut and at least one slit are present and the number total of slit (s) and combined cut (s) are at least four, where each cut independently extends through the support and optionally also extends through the layer (s) of the material that dampens the vibration, and wherein each indentation independently extends through the support and optionally further extends through the layer (s) of the material that dampens vibration. where each cut is of sufficient dimensions and placed such that each cut vector has a length of at least 50% of the shortest distance from a point on the perimeter of the hole to a point on the perimeter of the reinforcement, where each slit is of enough length and placed such that each of the vectors of the slits has a length of at least 50% of the shortest distance from a point on the perimeter of the hole to a point on the perimeter of the reinforcement, where the assembly of the shock absorber can be centrally placed in a grid of four quadrants defined by two perpendicular straight lines intersecting such that at least one of the following is present in each of the quadrants: (i) a vector of the slit; (ii) a cutting vector.

Definition of terms The term "slit" as used herein refers to the opening made in a material when cutting, for example, in which no material is removed when making the opening. This can include, for example, a cut or a stabbing done with a blade, for example, in a material. This can include, as another example, a curved cut or slash. Two or more intersecting slits are considered as a slit. For example, two intersecting perpendicular slits are considered as a slit. In addition, three intersecting slits can also be considered as a slit. Two slits that do not intersect are considered two separate slits. In addition three not-intersecting slits are considered as three separate slits. The term "cut" as used herein refers to a hole made in a material in which at least the same material is currently removed. This may include, for example, a rectangular cut, in which a rectangular section of the material is currently removed from the material. A cut (s) that intersects with other cuts and / or slit (s) is considered a cut. For example, a cut that intersects a slit can be considered a cut for purposes of this invention In addition, two intersecting cuts are considered a cut. Two cuts that are joined by a slit that intersects both cuts can be considered as a cut. In other words, in the combination of two cuts / a slit is considered as a cut. Therefore, two cuts and a slit that does not intersect in all with each other, can be considered as two cuts and a slit. The term "rotary article" as used herein includes "rotary storage articles" and "rotating spacer articles". The term "rotary spacer article" as used herein refers to an apparatus of mechanical coupling that can be used to couple rotary storage articles and an axis in the center of an engine of a hard disk processing unit. Examples of rotary spacer articles include disc spacers, etc. The term "rotary storage article" as used herein refers to a medium that has stored information in it and / or that is capable of rotating in the same manner to allow the data stored in the article to be transmitted by an item of information. reading or writing to allow the reading of the information of the article, or the writing of the information in the article, or both. Examples of rotary storage items include hard drives, processing unit disks, optical discs, compact discs (CD), magneto-optical discs, discs, drums, flexible discs, and the like.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 illustrates a top view of the schematic of one embodiment of a damper of the invention. Fig. 2 illustrates a top view of the schematic of another embodiment of a damper of the invention. Fig. 3 illustrates a top view of the schematic of a shock absorber departing from the perspective of the invention. Fig. 4 illustrates a top view of the schematic of another embodiment of a damper of the invention. Fig. 5 illustrates a top view of the schematic of another embodiment of a shock absorber of the invention. Fig. 6 illustrates a top view of the schematic of another embodiment of a damper of the invention. Fig. 7 illustrates a top view of a known shock absorber.

Fig. 8 illustrates a top view of another known shock absorber. Fig. 9 illustrates a top view of a shock absorber of the invention positioned between two axes. Fig. 10 illustrates a top view of another shock absorber of the invention positioned between two axes. Fig. 11 illustrates a top view of a shock absorber of the invention positioned between two e j es. Fig. 12 illustrates a top view of a damper of Fig. 11 placed differently between two e j is. Fig. 13 illustrates a top view of one embodiment of the shock absorber of the invention. Fig. 14 illustrates a top view of the shock absorber of the invention having four slits that is used to demonstrate how the length of the slit vector is determined. Fig. 15 illustrates a top view of the shock absorber of the invention having five rectangular shaped cuts that is used for demonstrate how the length of the cut vector is determined. Fig. 16 illustrates a top view of the shock absorber showing how a point on a shock absorber can be defined by polar coordinates. Fig. 17 illustrates a top view of the shock absorber showing how a cut is first reduced to a representative line when determining the cut vector. Fig. 18 illustrates a top view of the schematic of a damper of the invention having five cuts that are used to illustrate the first step in determining a cutting vector for a cut. This step includes reducing each of the cuts to a representative line. Fig. 19 illustrates a top view of the damper scheme of Fig. 18, where one of the representative lines has been reduced to a cutting vector which is the second step in determining a cutting vector. This step includes calculating a cut vector for each representative line after the first step to reduce each of the cuts to a representative line. Fig. 1 illustrates a top view of the shock absorber of Fig. 18 where all the cuts have been reduced to their respective cutting vectors. Fig. 21 illustrates a top view of another embodiment of the shock absorber of the invention.

Fig. 22 illustrates the cutting vectors of the shock absorber of Fig. 21. Fig. 23 illustrates a cross-section of another embodiment of the shock absorber of the invention. Fig. 24 illustrates a cross section of another embodiment of the shock absorber of the invention. Fig. 25 illustrates a top view of another embodiment of the shock absorber of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides new compressed cushion layers as well as rotating spacer articles and rotary storage means having dampers applied thereto. The rotary storage means may be prepared from structural materials including but not limited to those selected from the group consisting of metals, for example, aluminum and aluminum alloys; plastics, for example, polyester and polycarbonates; ceramics; glass; and / or vinyl. Compact disks for example are made of a plastic substrate such as polycarbonate which can be covered with additional layers such as aluminum reflective covers and transparent protective covers. Rotary spacer items such as disc spacers are typically made from materials similar to those used for storage media rotary, for example, metals, plastics, ceramics, and vinyls but contain recording layers.

Layer (s) of vibration damping material A variety of damping materials can be used in compressed damping layers. A layer of vibration damping material for example may be composed of one type of damping material or may be composed of adjacent sections of different vibration damping materials. For example, a discontinuous layer may be composed of sections of cushion material separated by non-damping material (s) or space (s). In addition when at least two buffer layers are present in each of the layers they can be composed of material (s) of the same or different chemical composition. Preferably, the support is substantially covered with a continuous layer (s) of cushioning material, it can be discontinuous through the layer (s).

The material that dampens the vibration comprises a viscoelastic material. A viscoelastic material is one that is viscous, and therefore is capable of dissipating energy, however it exhibits certain elastic properties, and is therefore capable of storing energy in the desired temperature and frequency range. That is, a viscoelastic material typically contains long molecular chains that can convert mechanical energy into heat when they deform. Such material can typically be deformed, for example, stretched, by applying a load and gradually regaining its original shape, for example, contracting, sometimes after the load has been removed. Viscoelastic materials suitable for use as vibration damping materials useful in the present invention have a stiffness storage modulus G ', for example, measurement of energy stored during deformation, of at least about 1 psi (6.9 x 10J Pascals) at the temperature and frequency of operation (typically near -40 ° C to 100 ° C and about 1 Hz to 10,000 Hz). He Storage module of useful viscoelastic materials can be as large as 500,000 psi (3.45 x 103 Pascals); however, it is typically about 10 to 2000 psi (6.9 xlO4 to 1.4 x 107 Pascals). Particularly the preferred viscoelastic materials provide the rotary article damped with a voltage energy ratio, for example, the fraction of the voltage energy stored in the damping material relative to the total voltage energy stored in the dampened rotating article, at least About 2%. Suitable viscoelastic materials, at the temperature and frequency of operation, for use in the vibration dampening materials used in the present invention have a loss factor, for example, the ratio of energy loss to energy stored or the ratio of the modulus of the loss of rigidity G "with the stiffness storage module G ', of at least about 0.5, preferably greater is about 0.5 to 10, and more preferably from 1 to 10, at the temperature and frequency of operation experienced by the material. This loss factor represents a measure of the energy dissipation of the material and depends on the frequency and temperature experienced by the damper material. For example, for 3M ISD 110 available from Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company (3M), a degraded acrylic polymer, at a frequency of 100 Hz, the loss factor at 68 ° F (20 ° C) is about 1.0, while At 158 ° F (70 ° C) the loss factor is close to 0.7. Useful vibration damping materials can be isotropic as well as anisotropic materials, particularly with respect to their elastic properties. As used herein, an "anisotropic material" or "non-isotropic material" is one in which the properties are dependent on the direction of measurement. Suitable materials that have viscoelastic properties include but are not limited to those selected from the group consisting of urethane rubber, silicone rubber, nitrile rubber, butyl rubber, acrylic rubber, natural rubber, rubber of styrene-butadiene, and the like. Other useful cushioning materials include but are not limited to those selected from the group consisting of polyesters, polyurethanes, polyamides, vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymers, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl butyral-polyvinyl acetate copolymers, epoxy interpenetration networks. acrylate and the like. Useful thermoplastic and thermosetting resins • for use as vibration damping material can also be used in the manufacture of dampers. Useful vibration damping materials can also be degradable to improve their strength, high integrity temperature, and processability. Such materials are classified as thermosetting resins. When the viscoelastic material is a thermoset resin, then before the manufacture of the buffer, the thermoset resin is typically in a thermoplastic state. During the manufacturing process, the thermosetting resin can also be hardened and / or typically degrade to a solid state, although this may be a gel hardens as long as the hardened material processes the viscoelastic properties described above. Depending on the particular thermoset resin employed, the thermoset resin may include a hardening agent, for example, catalyst, which is then exposed to an appropriate energy source (such as thermal energy) and initiates the polymerization of the thermo-fixed resin. As indicated above, the vibration damping material useful herein may be degraded. A degraded vibration dampening material has the following advantages: it provides mechanical integrity at high temperatures and high levels of stress that can be experienced during use (high revolutions per minute (RPM), such as 5,000 RPM or greater, for example) that they can generate fatigue. Preferred materials are acrylates, epoxies, silicones, and mixtures, copolymers, or interpenetration networks of these, the most preferred are acrylates, epoxy / acrylates and silicon / acrylates, and the most preferred materials are acrylates and epoxy / acrylates. Examples of useful degradation agents include but are not limited to those selected from the group consisting of diacrylates, triacrites, triazines and the like. The vibration damping material typically also comprises about 0 to 2 weight percent of a degradation agent based on the total weight of the viscoelastic polymer, preferably about 0.1 to about 0.25 weight percent. In general, any suitable viscoelastic material can be used in the present invention. The choice of the viscoelastic material for a particular group of conditions, for example, temperature and frequency of vibration, etc., is within the knowledge of a person skilled in the technique of vibration damping. The selection of a suitable damping material is also based on the processability of the damping material (cutting or other fabrication) and the desired integrity of the assembly of the final shock absorber with the selected shock absorber material. It is understood that mixtures of any of the above materials can also be used. In addition viscoelastic materials, the vibration damping material of the present invention may include an effective amount of a fibrous material and / or material formed of particles. Here an "effective amount" of a fibrous material and / or formed by particles is an amount sufficient to impart at least improvements in desirable characteristics for the viscoelastic materials. Generally, the fibrous and / or particulate material is used in an amount effective to increase the strain energy ratio of a buffer containing the same amount and type of viscoelastic material without the fibrous material or material formed by particles. Typically, the amount of fibrous material in the viscoelastic material is within a range of about 3-60% by weight, preferably about 10 to about 50% by weight, more preferably about 15 to about 45% by weight based on the total weight of the vibration dampening material. Typically, the amount of the material formed by particles in the viscoelastic material is within a range of about 0.5-70% by weight, preferably from 1 to 45% by weight, preferably from 5 to 40% by weight, and more preferably close to 5 to 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the vibration dampening material. The fibrous material may be in the form of fibrous strands or in the form of a fibrous material or network, although fibrous strands are preferred. The fibrous strands may be in the form of fibers, cords, threads, ropes, filaments, etc. As large as the viscoelastic can wet the surface of the material. These may be scattered randomly or uniformly in a specific order. Examples of useful fibrous materials include metallic fibrous materials, such as aluminum oxide, magnesium, or steel fibers, non-metallic fibrous materials, such as glass fiber, natural organic fibrous materials such as wool, silk, cotton, and cellulose and synthetic organic fibrous materials such as polyvinyl alcohol, nylon, polyester, rayon, polyamide, acrylic, polyolefin, aramid, and phenol. The material formed by particles useful in the invention can be in the form of nodules, bubbles, formed into droplets, flakes, or powders, as large as the viscoelastic material can wet the surface formed by particles. The material formed by particles may vary in size, but should not be typically greater than the thickness of the layer of the cushioning material.

Examples of materials formed by useful particles include coated or uncovered glass and bubbles or in the form of ceramic droplets such as thermally conductive bubbles, powders such as aluminum oxide powder and aluminum nitride powder, silicon, metal flakes such as flakes of copper, hardened epoxy nodules and the sires. In addition to the fibers and the material in the form of particles, the buffer material of the The vibration of the present invention may include additives such as fillers (eg, talc, etc.), colorants, curing agents, fire retardants, antioxidants, antistatic agents, and the like. Sufficient amounts of each of these materials can be used to produce the desired result. Combinations of fibrous material and particulate material can also be useful and can be used in the range near 0.5 to about 70 percent by weight based on the total weight of the vibration damping material.

The thickness of the layer (s) of vibration damping material may vary. The thickness of the layer is dependent on a number of factors such as the type of vibration dampening material selected and the anticipated end use of the damper of the invention. Typically, the total thickness of the layer (s) has a range of about 0.5 to about 30 mils (0.013 to 0.76 mm), preferably about 1 to about 10 mils (0.025 to 0.25 mm), and more preferably about 2 to about 5 mils (0.051 to about 0.127 mm.). Typically the total thickness of the layer (s) of vibration damping material is less than the thickness of the bearing.

The Support Any backing material that is typically used in the compressed buffer layers may be used as an element of the buffer of the present invention. Examples of useful backing materials include but are not limited to those selected from the group consisting of paper, metals, polymeric materials, reinforced fiber polymeric materials, and the combination thereof. The support may, for example, be a multi-layer laminate. Useful polymeric materials include but are not limited to those selected from the group consisting of polystyrene, polyester, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyethylene, and polypropylene. Preferably the Support has a Young's Modulus at least about 1 x 108 Pascals. As indicated previously the support must have a Young's Modulus greater than the layer of the vibration dampening material. Preferably, the backing has a Young's Modulus at least about 10 times greater than the vibration damping material, preferably at least about 100 times greater, more preferably at least about 1000 times greater. For optimum damping, the support should have a hardness approximately equal to the hardness of the article that is cushioned. For some uses, the thickness of the support should need to be limited due to the needed size and / or weight limitations by the rotating article to be cushioned the location where the article is used. In general, the hardness of the support is related to the thickness of the support. For a given support material, the hardness of bending increases with increasing support thickness. Thus, the desired hardness of the support can be varied by adjusting the thickness depending on the modulus of the support. He Support typically has a thickness greater than about 1.0 mil (0.051 mm). The support may further comprise an additive such as those selected from the group consisting of a fire retardant, colorants, antistatic agents, etc. The support can carry indications such as identification of the product, bar code, and / or instructions of the application.

Slits and / or Slits Slits As previously indicated, one embodiment of the shock absorber of the invention has at least one slit as long as the requirement for improvement of cushioning occurs. The slit (s) must have sufficient length and are positioned such that the shock absorber has an improved damping development compared to an identical shock absorber without the slit (s). The damping ability must be measured by means of a damping test as described below.

Preferably, the shock absorber has at least four slits. Preferably the damper of the invention has eight to 64 slits, more preferably about 20 to about 64 slits. If the shock absorber has less than four grooves that develop cushioning it may not improve much. Typically, increasing the number of slits increases the cushioning development of the vibration of the shock absorber. If the shock absorber has a very large number of grooves, the difficulties can be increased when the shock absorber is applied to the object to be dampened since the large number of grooves can make the shock absorber difficult to handle and hinders smooth application to a rotary storage medium. such as a CD, for example. Preferably for each of the slits certain the following: (i) the slit intersects the perimeter of the hole (ii) the slit intersects the perimeter of the reinforcement (iii) the slit does not intersect either with the perimeter of the hole or with the perimeter of the assembly.

When at least four slits are present the slits are preferably placed such that at least one vector of the slit is present in each of the quadrants when the buffer is placed centrally on a grid of four quadrants. The grid of four quadrants is defined by the intersection of two perpendicular straight lines. By "centrally positioned" it means that the center of the centrally placed hole is placed over the center of the grid. For Figs. 9-12, discussed here, the slits have been selected such that they are straight and each of them falls along a radius separate from the shock absorber. Thus each slit has the same shape and position as its corresponding slit vector. Fig. 9 illustrates a damper of the invention having a perimeter 106, a shoulder 108, four slits 100 (and the corresponding slit vectors) and a central circular hole 102. Each slit 100 (and the corresponding slit vector) it is placed in a separate quadrant in the grid defined by the perpendicular intersection of lines x and y. Fig. 10, therefore, illustrates a useful but less preferred cushion having a support 115, a perimeter of the hole 113, slits 110 (and the corresponding slit vectors), the central hole 112, and a perimeter of the orifice 111. It is noted that all four slits 110 (and the corresponding slit vectors) fall within two quadrants instead of being spaced along four quadrants. Fig. 11 illustrates a damper of the invention having a perimeter of the damper 123, a shoulder 125, four slits 120 (and the corresponding slit vectors), a central hole 122, and a perimeter of the hole 121. In a first Looking at this it may appear that at least one slit 120 (and the corresponding slit vector) does not fall within each quadrant. Therefore, Fig. 12 illustrates, the damper of Fig. 11 is rotated close to The central point of the intersecting lines that make up the grid is currently placed such that at least one slit 120 (and the corresponding slit vector) falls on each of the quadrants. By satisfying the requirements of a preferred embodiment that at least one slit vector is present in each of the quadrants, it is acceptable to rotate the buffer around the center point of the quadrant, if it is done so, one obtains a situation where at least one vector Slit is present in each of the quadrants. It is also noted that without turning movement of the damper of Fig. 10 may result in a situation where at least one slit vector 110 is present in each of the quadrants. Preferably, the slits (and the corresponding slot vectors) are positioned symmetrically with respect to the central hole in the buffer. Preferably, the slits (and the corresponding slit vectors) are positioned equidistantly with respect to each other.

The cracks in the cushion can have a variety of shapes. Examples of suitable shapes include, but are not limited to, those selected from the group consisting of (i) straight line segments, (ii) curved line segments, (iii) straight line segment combinations, (iv) combinations of segments of curved lines, and (v) combinations of segment (s) of straight line (s) and segment (s) of curved line (s). Preferably, the slits are segments of straight lines for each of the manufactures. Preferably, the slits are segments of straight lines that each extend along a radius separate from the arming. Some slits may have an evenly longer length but may not cover much distance due to their zigzag or curve configuration, for example. In addition, some slits may have an evenly longer length but can be placed more or less to one side with respect to the central hole of the shock absorber so that they do not cover much distance from the central hole to the perimeter of the damper if they are more or less arranged in a radial manner with respect to the central hole. Preferably the slits are positioned such that each of the slits extends in a direction from the vicinity of the perimeter of the hole to the vicinity of the perimeter of the assembly. In order to provide a more adequate measurement of the total distance from the vicinity of the perimeter of the hole to the vicinity of the perimeter of the cushion covered by the slit a determination is made of a "slit vector" (SV). The SV is a straight line that extends in a radial direction from the perimeter to the perimeter of the shock absorber. It is more convenient to express your position in terms of polar coordinates instead of the most commonly used rectangular coordinates. While the rectangular coordinates "x" and "y" place a point "P" in the plane as an intersection of a vertical line and a horizontal line, the polar coordinates place a point "P" as the intersection of a circle and a ray from the center of this circle. These coordinates are defined as follows in Fig. 16. Select a point 182 in the plane and a 'ray 184 emanating from this point. Point 182 is called the pole, and ray 184 is called the polar axis. A point 185 in the plane is located on the intersection of a single circle 186 whose center is the pole and a single ray 187 that emanates from the pole. Yes the circle has a radius "r" and the ray makes an angle "?" 188 with the polar axis, then point 185 is denoted by (r,?) In terms of polar coordinates, the SV is a straight line with constant angle?. The SV for any particular slit can be determined according to the method used to determine the vector of the slit of Fig. 14. Fig. 14 illustrates a cushion having support 158 having four curved slits 152, an orifice centrally positioned 150, a perimeter of the orifice 154, and the perimeter of the absorber 156. To determine an SV for a fortuitously formed slit, the "least squares method" is used to determine the line (with constant?) That best fixes the point over the cleft. This is done by minimizing the sum of the least squares of the distances between the results on the slit and their corresponding results along the SV that are normally towards the results. For example, in Fig. 14 the distance from point 157 on the slit to the corresponding point 159 is given by the equation Di s t an ci a = risen (?? -? C The least squares method minimizes the sum of the squares of the distances between all the results on the slit and its corresponding point on the SV or Minimize [/; sin (#, -? c)] ¡=? This can be a minimum when the first derivative is equal to zero or _ £ -? [? ¡Sin (0, -? C)] 2 = -2? R? co 0, -? c) sin (? -?.) = 0 d? 1 = 1 (= 1 Applying trigonometric identities and solving the constant angle is provided The SV is the line that extends from the point (ru9c) to the point (rx,? C) where ri is the minimum value of any point on the slit and rN is the maximum r value of any point on the slit. So any slit shape can be represented by a straight line that extends from the point to the point (rN,? c). Preferably, each of the slit vectors is of a sufficient length and positioned such that it extends at least 50% of the shortest distance from a point on the perimeter of the central hole to a point on the perimeter of the assembly. More preferably, each of the slit vectors is of a sufficient length and placed such that it extends at least 90% of the shortest distance from a point on the perimeter of the central hole to a point on the perimeter of the assembly.

Cuts Another embodiment of the shock absorber of the invention is that it has at least one cut and at least one slit where the improved damping development mentioned previously it is done. A preferred embodiment of the shock absorber of the invention is that the total number of cuts plus the slits are at least four, where at least one cut and optionally at least one slit may be present. For example, the shock absorber can have one cut and three slits. As another example the shock absorber can have three cuts and two slits. The cushion can have, as in another example, six cuts and no slit. The shock absorber can have four cuts and four slits, as another example. The shock absorber can have eight cuts and four slits, as another example. Preferably for each of the grooves present one of the following is true: (i) the groove intersects the perimeter of the hole, (ii) the groove intersects the perimeter of the reinforcement, (iii) the grooves do not intersect or with the perimeter of the hole or with the perimeter of the assembly. Preferably for each of the cuts present one of the following is true: (i) the cut intersects with the perimeter of the hole, (ii) the cut intersects with the perimeter of the frame, (iii) the cut does not intersect either with the perimeter of the hole or with the perimeter of the frame. Preferably, the damper of the invention having at least one cut and optionally at least one slot has from four to 32 slits plus the total cuts, more preferably about 8 to about 16 plus the total cuts. If the damper has less than four grooves plus the total cuts the damping development may not be sufficiently improved. Typically, increasing the number of slits increases the development of vibration damping. Also, typically, above a point, increasing the number of cuts increases the damping development of the vibration of the damper. Also, typically increasing the total number of slits plus cuts increases the cushioning development of the vibration of the cushion. Therefore, at a certain point the number of cuts increases to a point where both the vibration damping material has been removed where there is no improvement in the damping properties of the vibration. In order to provide the best cushioning development one wants to maximize the number of cuts and the length of the cutting vector that minimizes the total amount of cushioning material of the cushioning material removed that provides the cuts. The slits, therefore, are preferred over the cuts in terms of the development of the damping since no cushioning material is eliminated by providing the slits. Preferably, the optional cut (s) and slit (s) are positioned symmetrically with respect to the center of the hole in the buffer. Preferably, the cuts and optionally the slits are positioned equidistantly with respect to each other. The cut (s) and optionally the slit (s) in the cushion can have a variety of shapes. These can be symmetrical or asymmetric. Preferably the cut (s) and the slit (s) are symmetrical. Preferably each of the cuts has at least one internal angle of 90 degrees or less, more preferably at least two, and more preferably at least three. Preferably at least one internal angle of 90 degrees or less is closer to the perimeter of the shock absorber than to the perimeter of the hole. Cuts that have at least an angle of 90 degrees or less appear to provide superior damping properties compared to cuts that have no interior angle (s). Examples of useful cut shapes include but are not limited to those selected from the group consisting of rectangular, triangular, diamond, elliptical, circular, semicircular cuts and combinations thereof. Preferably, the cuts have a shape selected from the group consisting of the triangular and rectangular shapes for reasons of better damping development. Each of the cuts may be of the same or different size so large that the total amount of the cushioning material of the vibration removed is not such that there is no improvement in the properties of vibration damping. Preferably, each cut can be of the same or different shape. Angular cuts such as rectangular, square, and triangular are preferred because of their better damping developments. The area of each of the cuts may vary. Preferably each of the cuts has the length of the cutting vector discussed previously. Preferably, the area of each of the cuts is as small as possible as large as the cut that has the length of the cutting vector discussed previously. The total area of the cuts should preferably not exceed 20% of the total cushion area including cuts, preferably not greater than 10%, and more preferably not greater than 5% of the optimum cushioning development, processability, and workability. Preferably each of the cuts extends along a radius separate from the assembly of a circular damper.

The slits can optionally be used in combination with the cuts that can be of the same nature, location, etc. thus these slits discussed above in the mode of the damper containing only slits. In order to provide a more accurate measurement of the total distance from the proximity of a point on the perimeter of the hole to the vicinity of a point on the perimeter of the buffer covered by a cut, a determination of a "cut vector" can be made. . The "cutting vector" for any particular cut can be calculated as follows: Fig. 15 illustrates a shock absorber of the invention having a perimeter of the shock absorber 176, a support 174, a hole 170, defined by the perimeter of the orifice 171, and five symmetrically placed cuts 172. As shown in Fig. 15, the shape of any cut can be given by the following results on its perimeter. Each of the results (for example 178) can have unique coordinates (ri (? i) A line can be built with regarding the cut. These representative slits are made on top of the points with the unique coordinates (r? R prom Q) where rx is a value r of at least one point along the perimeter of the cut and avg. ? is the value of? average for all points along the perimeter that has a value r of r. . In Fig. 17, there are two points along the perimeter of the cut with the coordinate r equal to r ,. A point 190 has the coordinates (r ', 40grad.) And the other point 192 (r', 50 grad.). The coordinates of the corresponding point of point 194 on the representative line can be (r ', 45 grad.). In this way, the representative line can be constructed. Fig. 18 illustrates a damper of the invention having a perimeter of the damper 216, a shoulder 218, a central hole 214, and the semicircle shaped cuts 212. Fig. 18 illustrates the representative line 220 for a cut 212. A cut vector can then be determined from the representative line 220 by using the same technique described at the beginning to do from a slit to a cutting vector. Fig. 19 shows the representative lines for the cuts of the shock absorber of Fig. 18 and the determination of one of the cutting vectors 222. Fig. 20 shows all the cutting vectors of the cuts 212 of the shock absorber of Fig. 18. Fig. 21 illustrates a damper of the invention having a perimeter of the damper 256, a shoulder 258, cuts 254, and a circular central hole 250 defined by the perimeter of the circular hole 252. Fig. 22 is an illustration of the damper of Fig. 21 where the cuts 254 have been reduced to representative lines 260. The representative lines 260 correspond to the cutting vectors due to the symmetry of the cuts shown in Fig. 22. Preferably, each of the vectors of Cut has enough length that this extends at least 50% of the shortest distance from a point on the perimeter of the hole central to a point on the perimeter of the assembly and more preferably at least 75%. More preferably, each of the cutting vectors has sufficient length extending at least 90% of the shortest distance from a point on the perimeter of the central hole to a point on the perimeter of the assembly.

Shock absorber shape The shock absorber of the invention can have a variety of shapes. This can be symmetric or asymmetrical. Preferably, it is symmetrical to facilitate manufacturing and to provide more uniform damping properties. Preferably, the article of the invention has the same shape or about the same shape as the cushioned article. Examples of suitable shapes include but are not limited to circles, ellipses, polygons such as triangles, rectangles, pentagons, hexagons, heptagons, octagons, etc. Since most storage items Rotary are circular, it is preferred that the shock absorber have a circular shape. As previously mentioned, a centrally located orifice extends through the assembly of the shock absorber (e.g., through the support and the layer (s) of vibration damping material and any of the optional layers that are made Above the buffer assembly The size of the centrally located hole may vary The purpose of the hole is to allow access to the central part of the rotating storage article so that the assembly of the construction can adhere. If the hole is also circular, then the perimeter of the circle defines the perimeter of the hole and surrounds the area, so if the central hole is elliptical, for example, or irregularly shaped For example, the area of the hole is defined by the larger circle that can be fixed inside the hole, the outer area of this circle in the center of a hole.

Ellipsoidal hole, can be considered as part of the cut (s) around the hole.

The hole placed centrally in the damper can have a variety of shapes as well. This could be symmetric or asymmetrical. Preferably, this is asymmetric. Examples of suitable hole shapes include but are not limited to those selected from the group consisting of circles, ellipses, polygons such as triangles, rectangles, pentagons, hexagons, heptagons, octagons, etc. Preferably the hole has a circular shape.

Optional components of the shock absorber As previously indicated the damper of the invention comprises an assembly comprising a layer (s) of vibration damping material adhered to one side of a support, the assembly has a centrally located hole in addition to the slit (s) (FIG. s) and / or the cut (s). He The buffer may optionally further comprise one or more of the following additional layers: a large adhesive module such as an acrylic adhesive or an epoxy adhesive for bonding the buffer to a rotary storage article or spacer, a first layer for improving adhesion between the support and layer of vibration damping material, an antistatic layer, a wear-resistant layer, a printable layer, and the like. The damper may comprise more than one layer of vibration damping material. For example, heat and / or pressure and / or adhesive can be used to bond the layers together. Such optional layers can typically be placed on the support of the surface of the layer not in contact with the vibration damping layer or between the support and the vibration damping layer. The optional layers may or may not have indentations. As previously mentioned, the damper of the invention further optionally comprises a layer of adhesive, typically a pressure sensitive adhesive, on the surface of the layer of adhesive material absorbing the vibration opposite the surface so that the support is fixed. The adhesive layer can be used to fix the shock absorber to a rotary storage apparatus. The adhesive layer may have a new coating adhered to the adhesive layer to protect the adhesive prior to attachment of the buffer with the rotary storage apparatus. A person skilled in the art may be able to properly select new adhesives and coaters for such a purpose. The cushion layers (the support layer, the layer of vibration damping material, etc.) of the shock absorber are typically flat and thus the shock absorber itself is typically flat. Optionally, therefore, the shock absorber can have a shape such that the perimeter of the shock absorber forms an angular (typically perpendicular) end such that the end extends in a direction away from the support and towards the material layer (s). shock absorber. This end is also referred to herein as a "leading edge". The present invention can be better understood by referring to the following figures. Fig. 1 illustrates a damper of the invention having a central circular hole 2 and eighteen slits 4 extending from the perimeter 6 of the hole 2 towards the perimeter 10 of the damper. The grooves 4 shown extend through the support of the layer 8. Fig. 2 illustrates a damper of the invention having a central circular hole 12 and sixteen slits 14 extending from the perimeter 16 of the orifice 12 towards the perimeter 20 of the shock absorber. The grooves 14 shown extend through the support of the layer 18 of the shock absorber. The slits 14 of the damper of Fig. 2 are larger than those of the damper of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 illustrates a damper of the present invention having a central circular hole 22 and sixteen slits 24 extending from the perimeter of the hole 26 towards the perimeter 30 of the shock absorber. The slits 24 shown extend through the abutment of the cushion layer 28. The slits 24 therefore have sufficient length to provide the vector length of the preferred slit. Fig. 4 illustrates a damper of the invention having a central circular hole 32 and four slits 34 extending from the perimeter 36 of the orifice 32 towards the perimeter 38 of the damper. The grooves 34 shown extend through the abutment of the layer 40 of the shock absorber. Fig. 5 illustrates a damper of the invention having a central circular hole 42 and eight cuts of some triangular shape 44 extending from the perimeter 43 of the orifice 42 towards the perimeter 48 of the damper. The cuts 44 shown extend through the support of the cushion layer 50 also as the layer of vibration damping material. Each of the cuts has an internal angle, a, that is less than 90 °.

Fig. 6 illustrates a damper of the invention having a central circular hole 62 and eight cuts of some rectangular shape 60 extending from the perimeter 63 of the orifice 62 towards the perimeter 66 of the damper. The cuts 60 shown extend through the abutment of the layer 68 of the damper also as the layer of vibration damping material. Each of the cuts has two internal angles, ab and aC / that are equal to 90 °. Fig. 7 illustrates a known damper having a central circular hole 70 and four particularly shaped cuts 72 extending from the perimeter 76 of the damper. The cuts 72 does not have an internal angle less than or equal to 90 °. The cuts shown extend through the abutment of the layer 78 of the shock absorber as well as the layer of vibration damping material. Fig. 8 illustrates a known damper having a central circular hole 80 and four particularly shaped cuts 82 positioned between the perimeter 84 of the hole 80 and the perimeter 86 of the shock absorber. The cuts 82 shown extend through the abutment of the layer 88 of the damper also as the layer of vibration damping material. None of the cuts 82 has an internal angle less than or equal to 90 °. Fig. 13 illustrates a damper of the invention having a central circular hole 140 and four curved slits 142 extending from the perimeter 144 of the hole 140 towards the perimeter 146 of the damper. The slits 142 shown extend through the abutment of the cushion layer 148. Fig. 23 illustrates a cross section of a damper of the invention having a central circular hole 272 and three slits 274, 275, 277 in the shown cross section extending from the vicinity of the perimeter 280 of the hole 272 towards the perimeter 278 of the shock absorber. The slits 274 shown extend through the abutment of the cushion layer 270 but not through the layer of the vibration dampening material 276. The slits 275 extend through the slits 275. both layers of the support 270 and the layer of the vibration dampening material 276. The slits 277, which do not intersect the perimeter 280 of the hole 272, extend through the support layer 270 but not through the layer of shock absorbing material. the vibration 276. Fig. 24 illustrates a cross-section of a damper of the invention having a central circular hole 302 and three slits 304 in the shown cross-section extending from the vicinity of the perimeter 305 of the hole 302 towards the perimeter 308 of the shock absorber. The slit (s) 304 shown extends through the abutment of the cushion layer 300 but not through the layer of the vibration dampening material 306. The abutment layer 300 has a protruding edge 301.

Fig. 25 illustrates a cross section of a damper of the invention having a central circular hole 292 and five cuts 294 positioned between the perimeter 293 of the hole 292 and the perimeter 298 extend through the shoulder 290 and the layer of the material vibration damper (not shown).

The method for making the compressed buffer layer of the invention The article of the invention can be made by providing a standard compressed cushion layer having a hole in the central part thereof and subsequently providing the desired cuts and / or slits in the cushion when using any conventional cutting means. Another method can be done by providing a shock absorber without any center hole or other holes and simultaneously providing the center hole and the cuts and / or slits by any conventional means of cutting. Other methods are possible to make the present invention. The damper of the invention is not limited by the method by which these are made.

The method for using the invention The compressed buffer layer of the invention is useful, for example, on a rotating article such as a rotary storage means or rotating spacer article. The compressed buffer layer may adhere to an outer surface of the rotary storage medium or spacer by any method such as the use of an adhesive.

EXAMPLES It has been described with reference to several preferred and specific embodiments and may be further described with reference to the following detailed examples. It is understood, therefore, that there are several extensions, variations, and modifications on the basic theme of the present invention beyond what is shown in the examples and description. detailed, which are within the perspective and the main idea of the present invention. All the parts, percentages, relationships, etc. in the examples and elsewhere they are all the time in percent weight less others indicated.

General Preparation of the Compressed Shock Layer The compressed buffer layers of the invention were prepared by laminating a 0.17 mm polyester thin film. the compressed layer (support) to a buffer material of 0.05 mm thickness. (3M ISD-112, available from 3M Company, St. Paul, Minnesota) using a 4.5 Kg rubber roller. This cushioning material is an acrylic polymer that has a loss factor greater than 0.5 for a width of the frequency range of (+/- 1000 Hz) at the desired test temperature (20 ° C / 72 ° F). Annular rings with an outer diameter of 120 mm and an internal diameter of 15 mm. they were then cut from the laminate of the material Acrylic cushion / polyester ter. The annular rings were further transformed with various forms of cuts and slits to produce the desired compressed buffer layers Testing the Compressed Shock Layer The compressed cushion layer was manually laminated using a 4.5 Kg rubber roller on a 1.2 mm polycarbonate compact disc surface. of thickness x 120 mm of circular diameter. The damped disc was then tested as follows: On the disc surface opposite the cushion that was laminated, a cold roll of 3 mm steel. x 3 mm. 0.3 mm square. Thickness was adhered to the disc at a 3 mm point. from the outer end of the disc (for example, the end of the diameter of 12 mm.) using a cyanoacrylate adhesive (Pronto ™ Brand Instant Adhesive CA-8, available from 3M Company). Using a C-staple, the disc is secured in its center a rigid board. The disc was then excited with an electromagnetic transducer (Electro 3030 HTB A) placed directly on the steel frame but not in contact with it. The resulting acceleration was measured with an accelerometer (Endevco Model 22) at a point diametrically opposite the excitation point and at 5 mm. from the outer end. The transfer function was calculated from the acceleration measurement using a Tektronix 2630 Fourier Analyzer. Each transfer function had the average of 100 measurements. The damping measurement is determined by calculating the loss factor of the second, third and fourth damped disc modes using the Half-Voltage Bandwidth Method, for example, the width (Hz) of the resonance peak at 3 db down from the resonance frequency of the maximum amplitude / resonance frequency (Hz) to a maximum amplitude. The average of the second, third, and fourth modes are reported as the loss factor of the compact disc.

Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-2 Buffer layers compressed with a plurality of slits were tested by the loss factor on the discs and compared to the development of a disc without a cushion (Comparative Example 1), and a reinforcement of the disk without a buffer having no grooves (Comparative Example 2). The compressed buffer layers were tested in accordance with the General Preparation for the Compressed Shock Layers outlined above. Using a blade to shape and starting at the end of the center hole, a plurality of radially equispaced slits were cut into the buffer, both penetrating the buffer layer and the compressed layer. The slit dampers were then laminated as a polycarbonate disk and tested with the above test procedure.

The number of the slits, the length of the slits, and the loss factor are reported in table 1.

TABLE 1 From the data in Table 1 it can generally be seen that the loss factor of the cushioned disc having crevice is greater that a disc that has a shock absorber with no slit (Comp., Ex. 2). While the loss factor of Ex. 4 is slightly less than that of Comp. Ex. 2, however, is larger than that of a disc without shock absorber (Comp.Ex. 1) and illustrates that a preferred length of the slit is greater than 50% of the length of the radius of the shock absorber.

Examples 7-10 and Comparative Example 3 Buffer layers compressed with a plurality of cuts (Examples 7-10) and a damper having cuts of the shape and size of a commercially available disc damper (Comparative Example 3) were tested for the loss factor. The compressed buffer layers were prepared according to the General Preparation for Compressed Shock Layers outlined above. Using a knife to shape and start at the end of the central hole and radially outward, a plurality of Equispaced cuts were cut inside the shock absorber, penetrating both the buffer layer and the compressed layer. The uncut shock absorber was then laminated as a polycarbonate disc and tested as outlined in the test procedure above. The shapes of the cuts, the number of cuts, the length of the cuts, and the loss factor are reported in Table 2.

TABLE 2 From the data in Table 2 it can generally be seen that the loss factor of a damped disk having a shock absorber with cuts is greater than a disk with no cuts (Comp., Ex. 2). It can also be seen that the shock having cuts with non-internal angle of 90 ° or less (Comp.Ex. 3) does not give an improved damping on a shock absorber without cuts (Comp.Ex. 2).

Examples 11-17 The buffer layers compressed with a plurality of cuts of the same shape were tested for the loss factor in the disk. The compressed buffer layers were prepared according to the General Preparation for Compressed Shock Layers outlined above. Using a blade to shape and start at the end of the central hole and extending radially outward, a plurality of equispaced triangular cuts, were cut inside the buffer, penetrating both the buffer layer and the compressed layer. The cushion with cuts was then laminated as a polycarbonate disc and tested as outlined in the test procedure above. The number of triangles, the percentage of the area removed from the shock absorber, and the loss factor are reported in Table 3.

TABLE 3 From the data in Table 3, it can generally be seen that it is preferable that less than about 20% of the area of the shock absorber be removed. While the loss factor of Ex. 17 is slightly less than that of Comp. Ex. 2, this is none of the minors is greater than the discs without shock absorber (Comp.Ex. 1) and thus has utility as a shock absorber.

Examples 18-22 Buffer layers compressed with a plurality of cuts having a rectangular part or a rectangular part ending in a circular part were tested for the loss factor in a disk. The compressed buffer layers were prepared according to the General Preparation for Compressed Shock Layers outlined above. Using a blade to shape and start at the end of the central hole and extending radially outward, eight rectangular cuts equispaced, 3 mm. wide by 32 mm. long they were cut in the cushion, penetrating both the buffer layer and the compressed layer. The cushion with rectangular cuts was then laminated as a polycarbonate disc and tested as summarized in the test procedure above. After being tested, one of the rectangles is rounded off at its end by transforming this strict rectangular part into a circular portion. The shock absorber was then tested again. This process was repeated until the eight rectangular parts became a circular part. The number of rectangular portions that end in circular parts, and the loss factor are reported in Table 4.

TABLE 4 From the data in Table 4, it can generally be seen that the number of angles (90 ° or less) decreases, the loss factor di smmuye.

Example 23 A compressed buffer layer with a plurality of slits having a surface extending over the end of the disk to form a projecting edge was tested for the loss factor in the disk.

The compressed buffer layers were prepared according to the General Preparation for Compressed Shock Absorbing Layers summarized above except that the annular ring has an outer diameter of 123 mm. Using a blade to shape and started at 2 mm. At the end of the central hole and extending radially outward from the perimeter of the damper, forty equally spaced slits were cut in the damper, penetrating both the cushion layer and the support. The slit cushion was then laminated as a polycarbonate disc to the 1.5 end passing the end bent down to form the protruding edge (similar to Fig. 24) and the cushioned disc was tested as summarized in the test procedure above. The loss factor for example 23 was 0.104. From this it can generally be seen that the protruding edge increased the hardness of the support, giving a better cushioning. The following detailed description and examples have been given only for understanding and clarity. Not unnecessarily limitations they are understood here. The invention is not limited to exact details shown and described, for obvious variations a person skilled in the art may be included within the invention defined by the claims. It is noted that in relation to this date, the best method known to the applicant to carry out the aforementioned invention, is that which is clear from the present description of the invention. Having described the invention as above, the content of the following is claimed as property.

Claims (10)

RE IVINDICATIONS

1. A shock absorber, characterized in that it comprises: an assembly comprising: - a layer (s) of vibration absorbing material adhered to one side of a support where the support has a Young's Modulus greater than the layer (s) ( s) of vibration damping material, where the assembly has a hole that passes through the center of the reinforcement, where the reinforcement has a perimeter and the orifice has a perimeter where the reinforcement has at least one notch, each notch extends independently through the support and optionally further extends through the layer (s) of vibration dampening material, where the damper has improved vibration damping properties compared to an identical damper having no slit (s) .

2. A cushion of claim 1, characterized in that each of the slits is of sufficient length and positioned such that each slit vector has a length of at least 50% of the shortest distance from a point on the perimeter of the hole to a point on the perimeter of the assembly, where the assembly of the damper can be centrally placed in a grid of four quadrants defined by two intersecting perpendicular straight lines such that at least one separate slit vector is present in each of the four quadrants.

3. The shock absorber of claim 2, characterized in that each of the slits is of a sufficient length and placed such that each of the slit vectors has a length of at least 75% of the shortest distance from a point on the perimeter of the slit. hole to a point on the perimeter of the assembly.

4. A shock absorber, characterized in that it comprises: an assembly comprises: a layer (s) of vibration absorbing material adhered to one side of a support where the support has a Young's Modulus greater than the layer (s) of vibration absorbing material, where the assembly has a perimeter, where the assembly has a hole that passes through the center of the assembly, where the perimeter of the hole is defined by the largest circle that can be fixed inside the hole, where one of (i) and (ii) is true: (i) the assembly has at least one cut there, where each cut extends independently through the support and optionally also extends through the layer (s) of vibration damping material, (ii) wherein the assembly has a combination of at least one cut and at least one slit where each cut extends independently through the support and optionally further extends through the layer (s) of vibration damping material, where each groove extends independently through the support and optionally further extends through the layer (s) of vibration dampening material, where the damper has improved vibration dampening properties compared to an identical damper having no slit (s) and cut (s).

5. A shock absorber of claim 4, characterized in that the reinforcement has at least four cuts there, wherein at least one cut has an internal angle of 90 ° or less, where each cut extends independently through the support and optionally also extends to through the layer (s) of vibration damping material, or the assembly has a combination of cut (s) and slit (s) such that at least one cut is present and at least one slit is present and the total number of slit (s) and combined cut (s) is at least four, where each of the cuts is of sufficient length and placed such that each cutting vector has a length of at least 50% of the shortest distance from a point on the perimeter of the hole to a point on the perimeter of the assembly, where each one of the slits is of sufficient length and positioned such that each slit vector has a length of at least 50% of the shortest distance from a point on the perimeter of the hole to a point on the perimeter of the assembly, where the assembly of the The buffer can be centrally placed in a four quadrant grid defined by two perpendicular straight lines intersecting such that at least one of the following is present in each quadrant: (i) a slit vector, (ii) a cut vector.

6. The cushion of claim 2, or 4 or 5, characterized in that the support comprises one or more layers selected from the group consisting of paper, metal, materials polymeric, reinforced fiber polymeric materials, and combinations thereof and where the polymeric materials are selected from the group consisting of polystyrene, polyurethane, polycarbonate, • polyamide, polyethylene and polypropylene.

7. The shock absorber of claim 2, or 4 or 5, characterized in that the perimeter of the shock absorber forms an angular end such that the end extends in a direction away from the support and towards the layer (s) of cushioning material.

8. A rotary storage article having the shock absorber of claim 2, or 4 or 5, characterized in that it adheres to an outer surface of the rotary storage article.

9. A rotating spacer article having the damper of claim 2, or 4 or 5, characterized in that it adheres to a outer surface of the rotating spacer article.

10. The shock absorber of claim 5, characterized in that the cut shapes independently selected from the group consisting of rectangular shaped cuts, triangular cuts, semicircle shaped cuts.