MXPA98003017A - Method and apparatus for wireless communication, which uses collection formations - Google Patents

Abstract

A cellular communications system, which includes forward channel communications to users and corresponding reverse channel communications, from mobile users. Users travel from one area to another area, over one or more zones. The communications of forward channels are broadcast directly to the users, in a broadcasting area. Inverse channel communications, from the users, are not returned directly, but are first collected in locations arranged over the broadcasting area. After collection, reverse channel communications are sent forward to complete full double communications. These forward channel communications are from one point to multiple points, while inverse channel communications are from multiple points to a point. The communication system separately handles the forward path of a point to multiple points, such as a direct broadcast and the inverse path from multiple points to a point using multiple collection points. Since the forward and reverse paths are configured separately, the present invention makes the trajectories both forward and reverse

Description

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION. THAT EMPLOYS COLLECTOR FORMATIONS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the field of two-way wireless communications systems and, more specifically, to methods and apparatus for communication with users of mobile telephones (cellular and personal communication systems), radio-communications exchange basic, wireless data communications, and other wireless applications.

Historical Mobile Systems Wireless communication systems, prior to current cellular systems, included manual / trunk radio systems. These manual / trunk systems were followed by the "enhanced mobile phone service" ("IMTS"). This IMTS is a complete double system, using two frequency bands, 150 MHz (known as MJ) and 450 MHz (known as MK). The separation between the double frequencies is around 5 MHz and the bandwidth of the channel is 25 MHz. A basic IMTS site is usually placed on a high ground, which uses high transmit power to achieve a range of up to 40 MHz. kilometers Mobile users employ a relatively high output power (between 13W and 30W), so that the base station site, for example, can serve an entire city. In some IMTS systems, remote reception systems are used to increase the range and quality of signals from mobile users to base stations. Although IMTS is still used in the United States of America, the small number of available channels limits the capacity to only a few users in any city.

Conventional Cellular Systems Due to the high demand for mobile services that can not be satisfied by IMTS or other systems, a "new" mobile phone system was necessary. This "new" system evolved the "reused" frequency within a cell system. Based on a cellular frequency re-use system, two-way wireless radio-frequency (RF) communication has become common, with a large number of users. In cellular systems, many "cells" are used, where each cell covers a geographic area and has a dedicated fraction of the total amount of the RF spectrum, which is used to support subscribers (cell users), located in the cell. The cells are of different sizes (for example, macro-cells or micro-cells) and are generally of fixed capacity. The real configurations and sizes of the cells are complex functions of the terrain, the environment modified by man and the required capacity of the user. The cells are connected to each other by land lines or microwave links and telephone networks connected to the public (PSTN) through telephone switches that are adapted for mobile communication. The switches provide for the transfer of users from one cell to another and thus from one frequency to another, as mobile users move between cells. In conventional cellular systems, each cell has a base station with radio frequency (RF) transmitters and RF receivers, on the same site, to transmit and receive communications with cellular users in the cell. The base station uses forward RF bands (bearers) to transmit forward channel communications to users, and employs inverse RF bearers to receive inverse channel communications from the users in the cell. The forward channel communications are static, since they use a fixed power, at fixed frequencies and with fixed sectors, if antennas with sectors are used. The base station, in addition to providing RF connectivity to users, also provides connectivity to the Mobile Phone Switching Office ("MTSO"). In a typical cellular system, a number of MTSOs will be used over the coverage region. Each MTSO can service a number of base stations and associated cells in the cellular system and support switching operations to guide calls between other systems (such as the PSTN) and the cellular system or to guide calls within the cellular system. The base stations are typically controlled from the MTSO by means of a Base Station Controller ("BSC"). This BSC assigns RF bearers to support calls, coordinates the transfer of mobile users between the base stations and monitors and reports the status of the base stations. The number of base stations controlled by a single MTSO depends on the traffic of each base station, the cost of the interconnection between the MTSO and the base stations, the topology of the service area and other similar factors. A transfer between the base stations occurs, for example, when a mobile user travels from a first cell to a second adjacent cell. Transfers also occur to relieve the burden on a base station that has exhausted its ability to carry traffic or where poor communication quality occurs. This transfer is a communication change for a particular user, from a base station for the first cell to another base station for the second cell. During the transfer, there is a period of time, in which the forward and reverse communications to the mobile user are broken with the base station for the first cell and not established with the second cell. A typical design criterion is that the transfer period is less than 100 milliseconds.

Advanced Mobile Phone System ("AMPS") The advanced mobile phone system (AMPS) is currently in use in the United States of America and was defined within the IS54 standard and is currently defined within the IS136 standard. The AMPS system uses RF communication from the Frequency Division Multiple Access ("FDMA") between a base station for a cell and mobile cell phones (users) in the cell. The forward channels transmit from the base station to the users and use 30 KHz bearers in the 25 MHz band, between 869,010 and 893,970 MHz and the inverse channels between users and the base station uses 30 KHz bearers in the 25 MHz band between 824,010 and 848,970 MHz. There are a total of 832 pairs of transmission and reception channels. Each of the two providers for the service area has 416 channels, half of the 832 total channels in a service area. Of the 416 channels, 21 are reserved as control channels to control the functions and the balance of 395 channels are reserved as user channels for this user's traffic.

Other Conventional Cellular Executions The execution of the AMPS of the conventional cellular architecture uses the FDMA technique to divide and reuse the available RF spectral bandwidth, in order to increase the number of users that can receive service. In executing the AMPS, a bearer, comprising a fraction of the total available bandwidth, is employed in carrying each logical communications channel. There are several other executions of conventional cellular architecture that employ other techniques. In multiple time division access (TDMA) executions, each bearer (possibly all available bandwidth or possibly some fraction of the entire bandwidth, which uses a frequency division technique), is divided into time slots , so that each logical channel is carried in some subset of available time slots. In code division multiple access (CDMA) executions, a bearer (again all or some part of the available bandwidth) is enabled to carry a number of logical channels by the use of the non-interference code of each channel. In multiple space division access (SDMA) executions, a carrier is reused several times in a coverage area by the use of adaptive or zone-forming antennas, for any terrestrial or space-based transmitter.

The publication entitled: CDMA TRANSMISSION DELAY METHOD AND APPARATUS, (METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DELAYING MULTIPLE ACCESS OF CODE DIVISION TRANSMISSION), WO 94/26074, describes a cellular system where a cell has a master site for it and a cell plurality of micro-cell sites (called "zones"). Each micro-cell includes an antenna assembly, which has a transmitter and a receiver, which can be configured in a directional manner and placed in between to limit the propagation of the signals to the cell. The transmissions that originate with the master site are sent forward to each micro-cell and are broadcast in each micro-cell by the micro-cell transmitter, as forward channel communications, to the mobile users in the micro-cell . In each of these micro-cells, the mobile users receive forward channel communication from the micro-cell transmitter and broadcast the user's reverse channel communications in different user reverse channels to the micro-cell receiver. The reverse channel communications, received by the micro-cell receivers, in each different micro-cell, are sent forward to the master site. In a mode combination mode, the reverse channel communications from the multiple micro-cell receivers are combined.

In this specification, when reference is made to conventional cellular systems and the present invention, the terms "bearer" and "channel" will be used interchangeably in describing communications, except where the distinction between the physical medium (the bandwidth comprising the bearer) and the logical transport function (the communication channel) should be be clear Although the execution of the AMPS of conventional cellular systems will typically be used to introduce and illustrate the advantages of a new cellular architecture provided by the present invention, any of the other executions previously available for conventional cellular architectures are also available to the new architecture of the present invention.

System Capacity A number of parameters determine the capacity of each cell in a cellular system and, therefore, the overall capacity of the cellular system. One of such parameters that limit the operation, is the need for a separation of 630 KHz between channels, when typical cavity resonators are used in order to have the proper frequency separation for high power applications. The restriction is the need for interference isolation of 18 db between a channel of interest and power in any of the adjacent channels (different center frequencies), broadcasting in the same location or in the co-channels (center frequencies). equal), broadcasting in spatially remote locations. The carrier frequency for the communication channel of interest must be separated from the background noise created by the radiators, intentionally and unintentionally, in the same location. Although the adjacent channels have different center frequencies, however, they still cause interference with the channel of interest, since the circuit components do not have perfect insulation. Similarly, the co-channels are located spatially far from the channel of interest, however, they will still interfere with the channel of interest, since there is a tendency to place the co-channels closer than they would be to provide perfect isolation, in order to increase the frequency reuse and thus increase the capacity of the system. As a practical matter, considering all the parameters, the current cells are designed to support a maximum of 50 to 56 channels. In the United States of America, the Commission Federal Communications Authority ("FCC") has established that the total number of available frequency channels be a fixed small number. Therefore, in order to service larger numbers of mobile users, channels with the same frequency band should be reused repeatedly in locations that are quite separate, so as not to interfere with each other. Cellular areas that reuse the same frequency bands form a pattern, named the reuse pattern, which determines how many subscribers can be accommodated in a particular service area. For example, for a nine cell reuse pattern, which is common for AMPS, the 395 potentially available channels are divided into nine separate and approximately equal groups, resulting in a maximum capacity of 44 (395/9) channels per cell . These channels will provide capacity to serve many more than the corresponding number of users, since probably not all users will be active at the same time. Typically, the systems are designed so that no more than 2% of all call attempts are blocked in peak system utilization. Although call statistics will vary from one service area to another, an allocation of 44 channels per cell will generally support 2,000 to 3,000 users per cell. Reuse patterns in low-density user areas will often use as much as a 21-cell reuse pattern. With such a pattern, smaller channels will be allocated per cell with better isolation for co-channel interference. In a dense user area, the size of the cell is reduced and the number of cells is increased to gain greater user capacity. The frequency reuse pattern can be made smaller by reducing the co-channel interference. This reduction can be achieved with directional antennas of the base station, which divide the cells into sectors, with different frequency assignments for each sector. A seven-cell reuse pattern, with three sector antennas at 120 ° (denoted 7.3) with around 19 channels per sector) is frequently used in AMPS systems, but the optimal frequency allocation is dependent on the topography of the service area and the arguitectura of the wireless system. Characteristics of Cellular Transmission in conventional cellular systems, the trajectories of the forward channel and reverse channel are symmetrical. The communication path of the forward channel is from the transmission of the base station to the mobile users and the communication path of the reverse channel is from the mobile users to the receiver of the base station. For forward channel communication, the base station transmits from a single location, centrally located in the cell, to the users of a cell phone in the cell. The transmission of the base station to users is a one-to-many operation. For the reverse channel operation of a conventional cellular system, the receivers in the base station in a single location in the cell receive communications over many channels from many mobile user transmitters in different locations in the cell. The reception of the user's base station is a multi-to-one operation. Although the trajectories of the forward and reverse channels in a conventional cellular system are symmetric, the transmitters and receivers of the base station differ significantly from the transmitters and receivers of the user. Likewise, channel forward operations from one to several is significantly different from the reverse channel operations from several to one. In the cellular system, the transmission equipment of the base station is typically highly energized, it is located in an ideal area within the cell and uses high gain directional antennas for communications with users. The coverage areas of the transmitters of the base station are measured and optimized to define the area of the cell. The locations of and numbers of users are also considered. A cellular transmitter of the base station is analogous to the transmitter used in commercial one-way radio systems, such as FM radio or television. Each mobile user in the cell communicates in one channel (pair of channels) at a time. For the operation of the forward channel (base station to the mobile user), each receiver of the mobile user receives a signal with a force that varies as a function of the location of the mobile user in the cell and close to the transmitter of the base station. In order to compensate for different signal strengths, each user receiver includes a simple automatic gain control (AGC) circuitry to adjust the sensitivity of the receiver and compensate for different intensities of received base station signals. Such user receivers require only enough dynamic range to demodulate one signal at a time. For the reverse channel operation (user to the base station) of the conventional cellular system, the base station receiver is the simple location in the cell and receives communications over many channels from many transmitter mobile users, which are in different locations in the cell. The user locations change as the mobile users move around the cell and, therefore, the signal strength varies widely for the signals received by the base station receiver from the mobile users. This wide variance in signal strength requires that the receivers of the base station have a large dynamic range to accommodate weak and strong user signals for many channels. In order to achieve the necessary dynamic range, conventional systems have required the careful design and selection of cell sizes and have required expensive equipment. In addition, the use of a simple, low-cost circuitry, AGC, to reduce the sensitivity at the base station receiver is often impractical, since when such a circuitry reduces signal reception to an acceptable level for strong signals, weak signals are not received at all. This problem is known as the "near-far" problem, so called because the dynamic range of the base station receiver will determine how close a mobile user can be to a base station, while still enabling reception from a distant 'far' mobile user. The near-far problem can theoretically be controlled using energy control schemes in mobile user transmitters, where transmitters from nearby users use low power, while transmitters use high power. However in conventional cellular systems, such user power control schemes have not been completely satisfactory, since they cause a reduction in battery life for users, cause a decrease in frequency reuse and are not available in cell records (where full power is required), and have other problems. When the power is increased for a user, this user will tend to interfere more with both the adjacent channel and the co-channel users. The higher the user number with increased power levels, the greater the interference. Such increased interference will result in a loss of capacity or a loss of quality. Because cell phones are generally battery-operated and power limited, they are close to ground, often have multiple trajectories, obstruction and other transmission problems, are often omni-directional and mobile, the reverse channel path between users and the base station has been the weakest link in conventional cellular communications systems. In addition, users near the cell limit will typically have to transmit with full power. This prevents reuse of the channel in adjacent cells.

The Need for New Wireless Systems Current cellular systems have quality problems (due to transfer errors and other failures), have insufficient user capacity (due to the limitations of spectrum reuse) and are expensive. Due to these problems, many new proposals have been made to improve cellular systems. Many of the proposals for new cellular systems use digital techniques to improve the medium air-interface. Digital air protocols, including TDMA and CDMA, use modulation, voice and channel coding, multiple access and other strategies, such as double time division (TD) techniques. While these new proposals are aimed at capacity and transfer quality issues, they increase the complexity of the system, the cost of mobile phones and have difficulties synchronizing the reverse path that limit coverage. In addition, normal voice coding algorithms have degraded voice quality in order to achieve increased capacity.

Personal Communication Systems (PCS) Personal Communication Systems (PCS) have been proposed for future wireless systems. PCS systems are divided into low row PCS and high row PCS, as a function of the radiated power and the covered area. The proposed high row PCS systems are highly optimized for voices of low bit rates and, therefore, have limited capacity for service packet data applications. If the proposed high-row PCS systems would work in place of current cellular radios, more than 110 million users in the United States of America and many other users around the world would have this service. If the technical emissions pertaining to the support of data packet requests could be resolved, the demands for services would be even greater. The frequencies available in the broadband PCS service, licensed by the FCC, are grouped into the service of the Main Trade Area (MTA) and the service of the Basic Trade Area (BTA). (a) The following frequency blocks are available for assignments in the base of the MTA: Blogue A: 1850-1865 MHz, in tandem with 1930-1945 MHz; and Blogue B: 1870-1885 MHz, in pairs with 1950-1965 MHz. (b) The following blogs are available for allocation on the base of the BTA: Block C: 1895-1910 MHz, in pairs with 1975-1990 MHz; and Block D: 1865-1870 MHz, in pairs with 1945-1950 MHz. Block E: 1885-1890 MHz, in pairs with 1965-1970 MHz; and Block F: 1890-1805 MHz, in pair with 1970-1975 MHz. A separate band of 20 MHz, 1910-1930 MHz, was also assigned for the low power PCS, without a license.

Low-spin PCS systems have also been proposed to serve the entire world market. Some of the desirable characteristics of low row PCS systems are identified by Donald C. Cox, Wireless Personal Communications: What Is It ?. , IEEE Personal Communications (April 1995). These convenient features for a low-row PCS system include: • Modulation of Adaptive Differential Pulse Code (ADPCM), voice coding with low power consumption, high quality voice and low delay. • Flexible radio link architecture, which will support multiple data regimes for the transmission of data and messages. • Low power transmitter, with adaptive power control to maximize the talk time and data transmission time. • Low complexity signal, which is processed to minimize energy consumption. • Low co-channel interference and high coverage area. • Multilevel phase modulation with coherent detection to maximize radio link performance and capacity, with low complexity.

• Double frequency division, to relax the requirement to synchronize transmitters from the base station over a large region.

A low-tier PCS system considers a dense collection of many base stations, low complexity, low cost, interconnected with cheap fixed network services (based on copper or fibers). A high-row PCS system considers cell sites distributed separately. The need for high-quality transmissions that compete with the quality of wire line telephones is not easily achieved using only high-row PCS systems, which have to maximize the users per cell site and the users per MHz, to minimize the number of expensive high row cell sites. The ability to reuse the frequency of cellular systems leads to a high capacity of the general system, increasing the number of cells and thus reducing the separation between the base stations. However, note that the reuse is determined by the restrictions of the reverse path. This need for frequency re-use for large capacity suggests that small-cell, low-row PCS systems will have a dominant position in future wireless systems. However, many complex interrelationships between circuit quality, spectrum utilization, complexity (circuit and network), system capacity and economy are involved in the design of future wireless systems. If new wireless systems are developed, as proposed, future roles for the existing types of wireless systems (such as paging, messaging, cordless phones, and wide-area data packet networks) are uncertain. For exe, PCS systems require an intelligent network in order to manage the mobility of users. Cordless telephones, in contrast, need independence from the intelligence of the network and need base units that mimic wire line telephones. As another exe, data systems often do not tolerate the priority needs of wireless voice communications. Also, wireless voice systems often do not recognize the importance of data and messages. If data systems and voice systems are operated independently, separate voice and data systems do not take advantage of the economics of sharing the network infrastructure and the base station equipment. Although a large amount of technology is available for new and improved wireless systems, proposals for such systems have not yet adequately recognized how to economically satisfy the capacity, coverage, control and quality needs of the new wireless systems. According to the above background, there is a need for improved wireless communication systems.

COMPENDIUM OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a wireless communication system that includes forward channel communications to users and corresponding reverse channel communications from the users. Typically, users are mobile users traveling from one area to another over one or more zones. Channel forward communications are broadcasts directly to users in a broadcasting area. Inverse channel communications, from the users, they are not returned directly, but they are collected first in locations arranged over the radio station area. After collection, reverse channel communications are sent forward to complete full double communications. These forward channel communications are from one point to multiple points, while reverse channel communications are from multiple points to a point. The communications system separately manages the forward trajectory of a multipoint point, such as a direct broadcast and the inverse path of multiple points to a point, using multiple collection points. Since the forward and reverse paths are configured separately, the present invention optimizes both forward and reverse paths to provide an architecture of the wireless operating system that has greater communication capacity and better communication quality than previous wireless systems. The forward channel communications and the corresponding reverse channel communications, to and from the users, are under the control of a zone administrator. This zone manager includes a broadcaster having a radio transmitter for forward channel communications, using broadband radio broadcaster signals to form forward channels in an area of the radio broadcaster. The zone manager also includes a globalizer to receive corresponding inverse channel communications. Users in the area of the broadcaster include receivers to receive a forward channel from the broadcaster and include a transmitter to broadcast reverse channel communications on a user's reverse channel. Collectively, the user receiving channels provide a broadband composite signal. A plurality of collectors are distributed over the broadcasting area in spaced locations. Each of the collectors includes a broadband collector receiver, to receive the broadband composite signal from the users and each of the collectors includes elements forward of the collector to go forward to the globalizer, for the reverse channel communications from the users. This globalizer typically receives from different collectors different representations of the reverse channel communications transmitted by a single user. These different representations are processed to provide an aggregate signal with increased quality over any of the different representations. The aggregation process also supplies the user's current location. A region manager coordinates the functions of all zone managers in a region. When a user travels from one area to another, the region manager directs the transfer procedure, whereby the zone manager hands over control of the forward and reverse communications of the user to a second zone administrator. The region manager also functions as a resource manager, optimizing the allocation of system resources over the entire region. The present invention employs digital signal processing (DSP) resources and allocates them where and when they are needed to specific process locations in the communications system. Efficiency and economy are achieved through a process of allocating resources to digital signal processors, distributed in the forward and inverse trajectories. The architecture for and the process of allocating resources of the digital signal process, according to the invention, is applied to broadband radio technology, to extend spectrum technology, and to other multiple access technologies. The invention is capable of real-time adaptation to changes in the system by real-time allocation of process resources. The inherent benefits of the wireless operation system allow for increased capacity, coverage and quality, on the previous cellular systems. The presence of collector formation allows users to transmit with lower power for a given size area (since the collectors are closer to the users than the base stations, in conventional cellular systems), thus increasing the coverage, allowing zones greater than conventional cells. The collectors provide signal strength measurements, which are used by the zone manager to determine the user's location for accurate control of link power, forward and reverse, and the most efficient frequency reuse, thus improving the capacity . The signals from the collectors are aggregated in the globalizer, to provide higher communication link quality.

The foregoing objects and others, features and advantages of the invention, will be apparent from the following detailed description in conjunction with the drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 illustrates a communications network, connected, with two-way communication, to a plurality of regions of wireless communication with users. Figure 2 illustrates one of the regions of Figure 1, which is serviced by a region manager communicating with a plurality of zone managers, who have radio stations for forward channel communication to users and which has globalizers to receive communications of reverse channel, and also has service by a plurality of collector arrays, to collect the reverse channel communications from users, to forward these reverse channel communications to the globalizers. Figure 3 illustrates certain details of the system of Figure 2, which is connected to a network. Figure 4 illustrates a system with a zone manager of Figure 2, for broadcasting forward channel communications to a plurality of users and a corresponding collector array, formed of a plurality of collectors, to receive and retransmit channel communications inverse from the users. Figure 5 illustrates a schematic representation of further details of the system of Figure 4, with forward channel communication from a broadcaster to a single user and reverse channel communication from the single user through four collectors to a globalizer. Figure 6 illustrates a generalized block diagram of a digital transceiver (transmitter / receiver). Figure 7 illustrates a block diagram of a group of the RF subsystem, which is part of the transceiver of Figure 6. Figure 8 illustrates a block diagram of a subsystem modality of the digital signal processor of Figure 6, for use as a user in Figure 4. Figure 9 illustrates a block diagram of a transceiver embodiment of Figure 6, for use as a collector in Figures 3, 4 and 5. Figure 10 illustrates a diagram of blocks of a modality of a receiver portion of the transceiver of Figure 6, for use as a globalizer in Figures 3, 4 and 5.

Figure 11 illustrates a block diagram of one embodiment of a transmitter portion of the transceiver of Figure 6, for use as a diffuser in Figures 3, 4 and 5. Figure 12 illustrates a dual communication path modality complete, established by three users, with collectors that displace portions of the spectrum of the assigned reverse channel, to isolate the reverse channel transmissions to the globalizer. Figure 13 illustrates a second mode of the complete double communication path, established for three users, with collectors that move individual carriers within the spectrum of the assigned reverse channel, to isolate the reverse channel transmissions to the globalizer. Figure 14 illustrates a zone manager of the type of Figures 2, 3 and 4, with a broadcaster using three broadcast intervals to broadcast forward channel communications to three users and a corresponding collector array, which has a plurality of collectors , to receive and retransmit reverse channel communications from the three users to a zone administrator globalizer. Figure 15 illustrates two zone managers (including radio broadcasters) of the type of Figures 2 and 3, each using two broadcast intervals, to broadcast forward channel communications to five users and two corresponding collector arrays, each it has a plurality of collectors to receive and retransmit reverse channel communications from the five users to two globalizers in the two zone managers, respectively. Figure 16 illustrates the configuration of Figure 15, with one of the users moved to a new location. Figure 17 illustrates a hexagonal grid, with sectors of broadcasting of 60 ° and with channel divisions (3, 6). Figure 18 illustrates an embodiment of a broadcasting zone and a collector array, having collectors optimally positioned to maximize the coverage of a selected area. Figure 19 illustrates a modality of a broadcasting zone and a collector formation, having collectors placed with variable concentration to correspond with the variable concentrations of the users in selected areas. Figure 20 illustrates the broadcast transmitter and collector receivers of Figure 19, and these collector receivers have varying heights.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION System Architecture - Figures 1 and 2 With reference to Figure 1, the argument of the present invention is based on one or more geographic regions (D) 11 and a network 10. A region can be any large area or pegueña, from whole countries to streets or buildings. The forward channel and reverse channel communications in regions 11 and between regions 11 and network 10 are controlled and established by region managers (RM) 21. These region 21 administrators provide broad system functions, such as switching (between regions 11 and PSTN, for example), user management, such as the functions of the home location recorder (HLR) and the visitor location recorder (VLR), the path support (e.g. IS-41 connectivity). Each region 11 has broadcasting zones established by the zone managers (ZM) 20. These zone 20 managers have high power broadcasters 16, which broadcast the forward channel communication to the users (U) 18. Zone administrators 20 they also include globalizers 17 that process reverse channel communications. These zone 20 managers have the ability to broadcast using the entire frequency spectrum assigned to region 11. Users 18 receive, with omni-directional receivers, forward channel communications from zone 20 administrators and transmit channel communications. inverters with omnidirectional transmitters, to the collectors 19 in the collector formations 13. Each of the collectors 19 for a collector array 13 receives the reverse channel communications transmitted by those mobile users 18 within the collector reception range. The collectors 19 in the collector arrays 13, in turn, retransmit the reverse channel communications to a globalizer 17 in the zone manager 20. This zone manager 20 processes the received reverse channel communications and sends forward these channel communications. Inverse to the same source in the network 10 that originated the channel communications ahead through region switches. Each zone manager 20 communicates with the region manager 21, which coordinates the frequency assignment for the forward and reverse channels between the broadcasters, users and collectors. Referring specifically to Figure 1, a network 10 represents all the connected communication systems of the communications universe, including, for example, the public telephone network (PSTN) 125. A plurality of service area regions 11 have complete double connections to the network 10 to provide two-way communication between the network 10 and the wireless users 18. A total of R regions 11 is shown in Figure 1, which include the R (l), R (2) regions ), ... (R (r), ..., R (R).) Each of the regions R 11 includes an administrator 21 of region RM (1), TM (2), ..., RM (r). ), ..., RM (R) Each region manager 21 includes a distributor (DI) 14, which is a resource in each region 11 for distributing forward channel communications from network 10 to administrators 20 zones that broadcast users 18 wireless phones in a region 11. A total of R distributors 14 are displayed in the Fi Figure 1, which includes the DI (1), DI (2), ..., DI (r), ..., DI (R) distributors. Each of the region managers 21 includes an accumulator (AC) 15 which is a resource in each region 11 for accumulating the reverse channel communications from the zone administrators 20 and guiding the reverse channel communications to the network 10. The administrators Zone 20 receive reverse channel communications from users 18, which include users Ul, ..., Uu through collectors 19, which include collectors C (l), ..., C (C) in formations 13 collectors. A total of R accumulators 15 are shown in Figure 1, which include the accumulators AC (1), AC (2), ..., AC (r), ..., AC (R).

The component parts of the communication system include the region 21 managers, the zone administrators 20, the collector formations 13, and the users 18, are executed by a combination of the software (computer program) and the hardware (computer equipment) ), described here in detail later. Collectively, the software is known as a wireless operating system and is distributed through the component parts of the communication system. A substantial portion of the operating system carries out the functions required by the various governmental standards, applicable to wireless communication, as well as other functions that are otherwise well known. In addition, of the well-known functions, the present system provides a number of new functions that improve wireless communication. These new functions will be detailed and illustrated in the following figures. In general and for a modality, the functions of the wireless operation system are delineated as follows: Region Administration 21 Interfaces: To and from the network 10 To and from zone administrators 20 • Narrow-band signals from accumulator 15 (status information from multiple globalizers 17) • Narrow-band signals from distributor 14 to radio broadcaster 16 (control information of multiple radio broadcasters 16).

Information fields sent by the administrator 21 of region to area managers 20: • List of registered mobile users 18 within each zone • List of allowed frequencies of diffusers • Power limits for each frequency of permitted broadcasters 16 • Requests for adjustment / cancellation of calls Network 10 • Region Administrator 21 requests the management of potential transfers • Transfer request status of the previous region administration 21 Information fields received by the area administrator of the zone administrators 20: • Updated list of users 18 mobile registered within each zone • List of frequencies of active broadcasters 16 and associated power levels • Requests for increased frequency assignments of radio broadcasters 16 • Requests for increased radio frequency booster level limits 16 • List of user power levels active 18 • Adjustment / cancellation requests Ion of calls generated by the user 18 • Zone manager 20 requests the handling of potential transfers • Request status of transfer of administrator 20 of previous zone Zone Manager 20 Interfaces: Narrowband signals from globalizer 17 (status information from multiple collectors 19) • Narrowband signals to diffuser 16 (control information to multiple collectors 19) Information Fields Sent by Zone Manager 20 to Each Collector 19 • List of active reception frequencies • Minimum signal threshold for the active reception frequency • Permission for retransmission • For each "retransmission permission", a retransmission frequency Information Fields Received by the Zone 20 Administrator from Each Collector 19: • User frequencies and signal strengths • Measurements of diffusion signals Globalizer control 17 • Active return frequency list (retransmission of collector 19 to globalizer 17 of user signal 18) • Aggregate of control data • Route information (to network 10, intrazone, interzone) Control of Broadcaster 16: • Power of broadcast signal per channel • User transmission power 18 per channel (goes on radio control channel 16) Radio broadcaster 16: Interfaces: • Voice and data channels from the distributor 14 • Air interface to users 18 and collectors 19 Process by Broadcasting Channel: • Guide from network 10, interzone, intrazone • Voice coding • Air protocol coding • Modulation Combination of Signals • Control of gain of performance in output signals • Mixed output signals in broadband • Mixed control signals in broadband Transmission • Digital to analog conversion (D / A) • Intermediate frequency (IF) to radio frequency conversion (RF) Antenna supply Globalizer 17: Interfaces Air interface from the collectors 19 Voice and data channels to the accumulator 15 Reception: RF to IF antenna feed Analog to digital (A / D) conversion Globalized: Spectral transformation Filtration (channeling) Synchronization Combination / selection User location Processing by Channel Added: Demodulation channel Decoding of air protocol Decoding of voice Route information (to network 10, intrazone, interzone) Collector 19: Interfaces Air interfaces from users 18 and diffuser 16 • Air interface to the globalizer 17 Reception: • Antenna signal (from user 18) • Antenna feed from the broadcast signal (control signal from radio station 16) • RF to IF at user 18 and control signals • A / D conversion in user signal 18 (broadband) • Demodulate control signal (s) Detection Process • Spectral transformations • Measurement of signal strength • Generation of threshold comparison and peak list Per retransmitted channel: • Leveling gain (equalization) • Rate translation (received from user 18 -> sent to globalizer 17 (Combination of signal: • Mixed N output signals in a broadband • Mixed control signals in a broadband Transmission: • Conversion D / A • IF to RF conversion • Directional antenna power Communications Region - Figure 2 Figure 2 illustrates a typical, R (r) of regions 11 of Figure 1. This region 11 R (r) has service by a plurality of zone managers 20. Each zone manager 20 includes a broadcaster (B) 16 and a globalizer (A) 17. Broadcasters 16 broadcast over one or more forward channel broadcast intervals, which determines broadcast zones 12. Each broadcaster 16 and globalizer 17 are associated with at least one formation 13 of reverse channel collectors. Each diffuser 16 is a resource for broadcasting forward channel communications to the users 18 within the diffusion zone of the broadcaster 16. A total of Z broadcasters 16 are shown for the region R (r) of Figure 2, which includes the diffusers B (a), B (2), ..., B (z), ... B (Z). where z is a particular of the diffusers 16 and z = Each diffuser 16 and collector array 13 in the region R (r) is associated with at least one globalizer 17, which is a resource for adding inverse channel communications from the collectors 19, to form the collector array 13. A total of Z globalizers 17 are shown for the region R (r) of Figure 2, which include the globalizers A (l), A (2), ..., A (z), ..., A (Z), where z is a particular one of the globalizers 17 and z = 1, 2, ..., z, ..., Z. Each array 13 of collectors in Figure 2 is formed of a plurality of collectors (see collectors 19 in the Figures 3 and 4) to receive the reverse channel communications transmitted by the users 18 and to transmit the reverse channel communications to a globalizer 17. A total of Z collector arrays 13 is shown for the R (r) region 11 of the Figure 2, which include the formations CA (1), CA (2), ..., CA (z), ..., CA (Z) of collector, where z is a particular of collector formations 13 and z = 1, 2, ..., z, ..., Z. The region R (r) 11 of Figure 2 includes a plurality of users 18. Each user 18 is a means, which can be mobile, to receive and transmitting complete double communications, receiving forward channel communications from the broadcasters 16 and transmitting reverse channel communications to the collector arrays 13. An example of regions 11 of Figure 2 occur in the Bay Area of San Francisco ("Bay Area"). In this Bay Area, four regions can be used to cover an area that is approximately 80 by 160 kilometers (12,800 square kilometers) or approximately 3200 square kilometers per region. In the existing AMPS system, each region in the Bay Area has approximately 50 conventional base stations, each base station has transmitters and receivers for broadcast and reception. In the existing AMPS system, the forward channel broadcast cell is the same size as the reverse channel receiver cell. Of the 416 channels assigned to a provider using the 900 MHz band, between 30 and 60 are available per cell. The demand for the capacity of the current 200,000 Area Bay subscribers requires around 200 AMPS cells. However, as the number of active subscribers increases, the number of cells and regions must increase in the existing AMPS system. Although a system, according to the present invention, can be projected onto a map on the existing cellular system of the Bay Area, using the same four existing regions of the Bay Area paved by twenty diffusion zones, preferably, the Bay Area can be projected on a map to a single larger region with service of a region manager with, for example, thirty zone managers 20, where the zone sizes set by zone managers 20 are greater than the existing cells of diffusion for the cellular system Existing AMPS.

A plurality of collectors 19 is used to obtain a collector array 13 over the areas of the cells of a conventional cellular system. In the Bay Area example, if a single region 11 is used to pave the area of 12,800 square kilometers, that region may include thirty area managers 20 with a diffuser 16 each and a globalizer 17 each and with thirty formations 13 of Collectors of ten collectors 19 by collector training 13. Each of the collectors 19 in a collector array 13 includes a high-gain directional transmitter directed to the receiving antenna of the globalizer 17. The receiving antenna of the globalizer-17 is a wide-angle, low-gain antenna. or the globalizer can have multiple directional antennas. With this combination of transmitters and receivers, the forward channel and reverse channel communications equipment is adjusted to correspond to the inherently different characteristics of the forward and reverse channels. In addition to the previously discussed features, the broadcaster 16 has variable transmit power, which may vary for each forward channel, so that the interval of the broadcaster may be different for each user 18. Similarly, each of the users 18 has variable transmission power, so that the reverse channel diffusion interval for each user 18 can be controlled to reach only the collectors 19 in close proximity to the user 18. The radio 16 can optionally use circular polarization to combat fading in the omnidirectional antenna of user 18, very similar to the FM radio.

Wireless Communication System - Figure 3 In Figure 3, further details of the system of Figure 2 are shown for a single region 11 connected to network 10. In Figure 3, region 11 includes administrator 21 of the RM region ( r) connecting through lines T3, for example, to network 10. Region administrator 21 includes an accumulator 15 and a director 14 together with region switches 22. These region switches 22 are connected in a conventional manner to telephone switches. Region switches 22 are used to supply users 18 with region-to-region connections and to provide users 18 with region-to-network connections. In Figure 3, zone administrators 20 include zone managers ZM (1), ..., ZM (Z). The zone managers 20 each include a radio station 16, which includes the radio stations B (l), ..., B (Z). These broadcasters 16 receive the forward channel communications on the IT lines, for example, from the director 14. The radio station B (l) 16-1 establishes a broadcast area BZ (1) and B (Z), the broadcaster 16 -Z establishes the BZ (Z) broadcasting zone. A plurality of users 18-1 are within the broadcasting area BZ (1) and receive the forward channel communications from the broadcaster B (l) 16-1. Each of the users 18-1 provides reverse channel communications to one or more collectors 19-1 of the collector array 13-1 in the broadcast area BZ (1). The 13-1 array of collectors, in turn, continues the reverse channel communications from users 18-1 to globalizer A (l) 17-1. The globalizer 17-1 continues the reverse channel communication from the 18-a users, the collectors 13-1 and the globalizer 17-1 on the TI lines to the accumulator 15 AC (r). The region switches 22 connect the Ti communications from the users in the BZ zone (1) or to the users in one of the other zones, such 18-Z users in the BZ (Z) zone, or to the network 125. In the Figure 3, zone BZ (Z) similarly includes a plurality of 18-Z users who receive forward channel communications from the B (Z) 16-Z radio. The 18-Z users, in turn, broadcast reverse channel communications to the collectors 19 in the collector array 13-Z. Each of the collectors 19-Z in the collector array 13-Z transmit the reverse channel communications to the 17-Z globalizer in the zone manager 20-Z. This zone manager 20-Z then continues the reverse channel communication from the globalizer 17-1 to the AC accumulator (r) 15 in the region manager 21. Region administrator 21, through the operation of the region switches 22, connects the reverse channel and forward channel communications between the zone manager ZM (Z) and either the users in the other zones, such as the zone BZ (1) or the network 10. Each of the broadcasters 16, in certain modalities, diffuses with different power for each channel and thus the broadcasting varies for some channels more or less than for other channels. The terms "broadcasting zone" or "broadcasting area" mean the area covered by the set of broadcast intervals from the broadcasting station 16. Since the broadcasting varies for the channels, they may vary at the command of an administrator 20 of the broadcasting area. In general, the broadcasting areas of separate radio stations will overlap. In a similar way, each user 18 has a variable transmission power and thus the "user zone" is the area reached by the broadcasting of the user 18 at different intervals at different times.

Example of the Single Broadcast Interval - Figure 4 In Figure 4, the manager 20-1 of zone ZM (1) of Figures 1 to 3 establish, for example, the broadcasting interval BR-1 for forward channel transmissions to a plurality of users 18. In Figure 4, the zone administrator 20-1 includes the broadcaster B (l) 16-1 which broadcasts over an area designated as the broadcast interval BR (1). Within the broadcast interval BR (1), a plurality of users 18 are designated U (l; l), U (l; 2), ..., U (l, u), ..., U (l; OR) . Each of these users 18 has an omni-directional receiving antenna to receive broadcasts in the forward channel from the broadcaster ((1) 16 of the zone manager 20-1.Also, each of the users 18 has a transmitter, which transmits in the reverse channel, established for each user interval (UR) that covers a more limited area than that covered by the broadcasting interval BR (1). Within the area of the broadcasting interval BR (12) is the trainer 13 -1 of collectors CA (1) This capacitor 13-1 of collectors CA (1) includes a plurality of collectors 19, and specifically the 16 collectors (Cl; 01), C (l, 02), ..., C (1; 16) The collectors 19 each have omni-directional receiving antennas for receiving transmitters from the users 18 that are in close proximity, For example, the user U (1; l) broadcasts over the user range UR (1). ) that reaches the collectors C (l; ll), C (l; 12), C (l; 15) and C (l; 16) In a similar way, the user U (l; 2) diffuses over the interval of the user UR (2), which reaches the collectors C (l; 13), C (l; 14) and C (l; 125). Similarly, the user U (l; u) broadcasts over the user interval UR (u), which reaches the collectors C (l; 01), C (l; 02), C (l; 05) and C (l;; 06). Finally, the user U (1; U) diffuses in the range of the user UR (U) arriving at the collectors C (l; 02), C (l; 04), C (l; 07) and C (l; 08). Each of the collectors 19 in the collector array 13-1 CA (1) of FIG. 4, in addition to receiving the broadcast of the reverse channel communications from the users 18, as indicated, also transmits to a globalizer A ( l) of administrator 20-1 of zone ZM (1). The zone manager ZM (1) 20-1, in turn, communicates with the reverse channel communications from the globalizer 17-1 A (l) to the AC accumulator (r) 15 in the region manager RM (r) 21 Similarly, the broadcaster 16-1 B (l) in the zone manager ZM (1) 20-1 receives the forward channel communications from the DI director (r) in the region manager 21. In Figure 4, the zone administrator 20-1 determines a particular one of the collectors 19 in the array 13-1 of associated collectors, which are selected to be active to receive and retransmit the inverse channel communications to a particular one of the users U (l; l) up to U (1; U). The selection is carried out, for example, by the control code of the zone administrator who has access to quality measurements for the aggregate measurements of the reverse channel and the strength of the signal from the collector formation, to determine the optimum set of collectors to retransmit and update the permit status of the collectors, as required. One modality of such control code is contained in TABLE 1, made in the MATLAB programming language.

TABLE 1 COPYRIGHT © 1995 SPECTRUM WIRELESS, INC. % This program performs the control of the collector zone administration. Find the% database of the zone manager to determine the quality of each globalized reverse channel communication link% In the case of insufficient quality, change the% of collectors that return the signal, increase, if possible,% number of collectors that control the globalizer alk signal or increase the power of mobile broadcasting%. In the case of excessively high quality or % excludes a collector return or decreases the power level of mobile broadcasting. %% Algorithm parameters are the minimum and maximum merit values for signal quality% and the minimum and maximum number of collectors that can returnthirst. % signals% MinMerit = 18; MaxMerit = 22; MinColl = 2; MaxColl = 5; ActiveChannel = Channel (find (ChannelStatus = = 1)); Nactive = lenght (ActiveChannel); for ii = 1: Nactive User = MoblD (ActiveChannel (ii)); Merit = AggSigQual (ActiveChannel (ii)); NumColl = sum (CollStatus (ActiveChannel (ii), :); Power = MobPower (ActiveChannel (i)); if (Merit <MinMerit) [CollMerit, CollRanking] = sort (CollRSSI (ActiveChannel (ii), :)); GoodEnough = find (CollMerit > MinMerit - 10);; Ngood = lenght (GoodEnough); CollMerit = CoilMerit (GoodEnough); ColIRanklng = ColIRanking (GoodEnough); if (Ngood < MinColl) lncreasePower (User); elseif (Ngood) < = MaxColl) CollStatus (ActiveChannel (ii), :) = zeros (NCOLL); CollStatus (ActiveChennel (i), CollRanking) = ones (Ngood); else CollStatus (ActiveChennel (ii), :) = zeros (NCOLL ); CollStatus (ActiveChennel (i), CollRanking (1: MaxColl) = ones (MaxColl); end; elseif (Merit> MaxMerit) [CollMeritColIRanking] = sort (CollRSSI (ActiveChannel (i¡), :)); GoodEnough = rind (CollMer¡te > MinMerit - 10); Ngood = lenght (GoodEnough); CollMerit = CollMerit (GoodEnough); ColIRanking = CollRanking (GoodEnough); if (Ngood > MaxColl) DecreasePower (User); elseif (Ngood > MinColl) CollStatus (ActiveChannel (ii), :) = zeros (NCOLL); CollStatus (Active Channel (ii), ColIRanking) ones (Ngood); end; end; end; Baon the historical measurements of many users as a function of the user's location in the collector formations zone, a gradient map stores the variations in signal strength between the weak reception and strong reception locations. In weak reception locations, a greater number of collectors 19 are uto combine multiple signals through different collectors 19 for the same user 18. With such a combination, signal-to-signal interference is improved, particularly in locations of weak reception inherently in an area.

Simple User Example - Figure 5 In Figure 5, a schematic representation of forward channel communication from a broadcaster B (l) 16-1 to a single user U (1; U) of Figure 4 is shown. portion 13 '-1 of the collector array 13-1 of Figure 4 is shown as the collectors 19 C (l; 03), C (l: 04), C (l; 07) and C (l; 08) ) in Figure 5. Each of the collectors 19 receives a reverse channel communication from the user U (1; U). Each of the collectors 19, in turn, transmits a reverse channel communication to the globalizer A (l) 17-1 in the manager 20-1 of zone ZM (1). In Figure 5, the radio transmitter B (l) 16-1 is a high gain omni-directional (or in sectors) antenna. The user U (1; U) 18 has both an omni-directional receiver and an omni-directional transmitter, which are typically of low power, since traditionally the user is mobile and operated by battery. Each of the collectors 19 typically has a low gain receiving omni-directional antenna. Each of the collectors 19 typically can include two or more receiver antennas for spatial diversity. Each of the collectors 19 includes a high gain directional transmitter, directed at the receiving antenna of the globalizer A (l) 17-1.

Digital Transceiver - Figure 6 Figure 6 illustrates a block diagram of a digital transceiver (transmitter / receiver) 25, which is uas a building block in the communication system of the present invention. In Figure 6, the transceiver 25 includes groups of RF subsystems 26-1, ..., 26-D, and a group 27 of digital signal processor subsystem. The group 26-1 of the RF subsystem includes a receiving antenna 28-1 and a transmitting antenna 29-1 for receiving and transmitting RF signals, respectively. Other groups of the RF subsystem, such as group 26-D, include only receiving antennas, such as antenna 28-D. The subsystems of the RF subsystem 26-1, ..., 26D interconnect with the group 27 of the digital signal processor subsystem with a digital interface, which includes control signals for the local oscillator control (LO, CTL) and includes Intermediate frequency signals from the receiver (RXIF) and intermediate frequency signals from the transmitter (TXIF).

RF Subsystem Group - Figure 7 In Figure 7, a block diagram of a group 26 of the RF subsystem, which is part of the transceiver 25 of Figure 6, is shown. The group 26 of the subsystem includes an RF RX of the subsystem 26- RX and includes an RF TX of subsystem 26-TX. The sub-system of the receiver 26-RX receives RF communications in one or more receiving antennas 28, combines them in a multi-channeler and makes them enter a bandpass filter RX 30. This bandpass filter 30, in turn, connects to the RX RF amplifier 31, which, in turn, connects to the RX RF mixer 32. This mixer 32 receives the RF signal from the amplifier and mixes it with a local oscillator signal from the local oscillator RX 36, in order to convert the received signal from the RF interval to the IF interval. The IF interval signal from the mixer 32 is connected as an input to the band pass filter RX IF, which, in turn, is connected to the amplifier RX IF 34, which, in turn, is connected to the RX converter A / D 35. The converter 35 converts the IF signal from the amplifier 34 to a digital signal to supply the digital RX IF output signal, which connects to the group 27 of the digital signal processor subsystem of the type shown in Figure 6. In Figure 7, the TX TX subsystem of 26-TX receives the TX signal IF from the group 27 of the digital signal processor subsystem of the type shown in Figure 6 and processes the signal for one or more transmissions by the transmitting antenna 29 The TX IF signal from group 27 of the digital signal processor subsystem, of the type shown in Figure 6, is connected to a D / A converter 38 which, in turn, is connected to the TX bandpass filter 39. , which, in turn, is connected to the amplifier TX IF 40. The signal TX IF am from the amplifier 40 enters the TX RF 41 mixer. This RF TX mixer 41 receives a local oscillator signal from the local oscillator 37 TX to move the IF signal to an RF signal. This RF signal from the mixer 41 enters the TX RF bandpass filter 42, which, in turn, is connected to the RF TX amplifier 43. The signal amplified from the amplifier 43 is connected to one or more transmit antennas 29. In Figure 7, the local oscillator RX 36 and the local oscillator 37 of TX, is connected by control lines LO. CTL to group 27 of the digital signal processor of the type shown in Figure 6, to control the particular local oscillator frequencies used by subsystems 26-RX and 26-TX.

User Transceiver - Figure 8 In Figure 8, a block diagram of a 25-U transceiver of the user is shown, which is generally similar to the transceiver of Figure 6. In Figure 8, the 25-U transceiver is generally of low power and is operated by batteries. The receiving antenna 28-U and the transmitting antenna 29-U are omni-directional. Specific details of a mode of the user's 25-U transceiver, manufactured by Harris Semiconductor, are described in the DSP Requests, December 1993, pages 15-28, entitled Considerations in the Development of Low Cost High Performance Receiver Based on DSP Techniques (Considerations in the Development of Low Cost, High Performance Receiver, Based on DSP Techniques).

Collector Transceiver - Figure 9 In Figure 9, a block diagram of a collector 25-C transceiver is shown, which is representative of a transceiver mode of the collectors 19. The collector 25-C transceiver includes a or more receiver 28-C antennas and one or more transmitter 29-C antennas. The antennas 28-C and 29-C are connected to group 26-C of the RF subsystem. This RF subsystem 26-C is connected to subsystem 27-C of the digital processor. The transceiver 25-C of the collector is of the same general shape as the transceiver of Figure 6. The subsystem 27-C of the digital processor of Figure 9 in one embodiment is, for example, a digital signal processor (DSP) manufactured by Spectrum Signal Processing, such as MDC40T Dual C40 DSP Module. The characteristics of the 250 MFLOPS TMS 320C40 module, parallel digital signal processors, 52 and 53, which comply with the Texas Instruments (TI) TIM-40 module standard. The processor provides a 6-channel DMA (direct memory access) driver support for concurrent input / output, independent of and in parallel with the central processing units (CPUs). Example of the Single Broadcast Interval - Figure 4 In Figure 4, the manager 20-1 of zone ZM (1) of Figures 1 to 3 establish, for example, the broadcasting interval BR-1 for forward channel transmissions to a plurality of users 18. In Figure 4, the zone administrator 20-1 includes the broadcaster B (l) 16-1 which broadcasts over an area designated as the broadcast interval BR (1). Within the broadcast interval BR (1), a plurality of users 18 are designated U (l); l), U (l; 2), ..., U (l, u), ..., U (l; U). Each of these users 18 has an omni-directional receiving antenna to receive broadcasts in the forward channel from the broadcaster ((1) 16 of the zone manager 20-1.Also, each of the users 18 has a transmitter, which transmits in the reverse channel, established for each user interval (UR) that covers a more limited area than that covered by the broadcasting interval BR (1). Within the area of the broadcasting interval BR (12) is the trainer 13 -1 of AC collectors (1) This capacitor 13-1 of AC collectors (1) includes a plurality of collectors 19, and specifically the 16 collectors (Cl; 01), C (l, 02), .-., C (1; 16) The collectors 19 each have omni-directional receiving antennas for receiving transmitters from the users 18 that are in close proximity, For example, the user U (1; l) broadcasts over the user range UR (1). ) that reaches the collectors C (l; ll), C (l; 12), C (l; 15) and C (l; 16) In a similar way, the user U (l; 2) diffuses over the interval of the user UR (2), which reaches the collectors C (l; 13), C (l; 14) and C (l; 125). Similarly, the user U (l; u) broadcasts over the user interval UR (u), which reaches the collectors C (l; 01), C (l; 02), C (l; 05) and C (l;; 06). Finally, the user U (1; U) diffuses in the range of the user UR (U) arriving at the collectors C (l; 02), C (l; 04), C (l; 07) and C (l; 08). Each of the collectors 19 in the collector array 13-1 CA (1) of FIG. 4, in addition to receiving the broadcast of the reverse channel communications from the users 18, as indicated, also transmits to a globalizer A ( l) of administrator 20-1 of zone ZM (1). The zone manager ZM (1) 20-1, in turn, communicates with the reverse channel communications from the globalizer 17-1 A (l) to the AC accumulator (r) 15 in the region manager RM (r) 21 Similarly, the broadcaster 16-1 B (l) in the manager 20-1 of zone ZM (1) receives the forward channel communications from the DI director (r) in the region manager 21. In Figure 4, the zone administrator 20-1 determines a particular one of the collectors 19 in the array 13-1 of associated collectors, which are selected to be active to receive and retransmit the inverse channel communications to a particular one of the users U (l; l) up to U (1; U). The selection is carried out, for example, by the control code of the zone administrator who has access to quality measurements for the aggregate measurements of the reverse channel and the strength of the signal from the collector formation, to determine the optimum set of collectors to retransmit and update the permit status of the collectors, as required. One modality of such control code is contained in TABLE 1, made in the MATLAB programming language. The subsystem 27-C of the digital signal processor of Figure 9 allows the processing of the omni-directional, low power reception signals from the receiving antennas 28-C. For example, such a process according to one embodiment of the invention involves a discrete Fourier transformer filter (DFT) bank, to separate, equalize and repack channels for retransmission. In this process, a representation of the power spectral density for each channel is obtained periodically. According to another embodiment, the spread spectrum modulation is used to prepare signals for retransmission. A simple mode for the collector 25-C transceiver contains only one group 26 of the RF subsystem and shifts (responds) to a total broadband signal at a higher or lower frequency range, without channeling.

Globalizer Receiver - Figure 10 In Figure 10, a block diagram of a globalizer receiver 25-A is shown, which is the receiving portion of the transceiver 25 of the type of Figure 6, since it includes only a receiving 28-A antenna and without transmitting antenna. The receiving antenna 28-A connects to the RF RX subsystem of 26 RX-A, which supplies the digital IF received signals to the subsystems of the digital signal processor 27-Al, 27-A-2, 27-A-3, .. ., 27-AN. The subsystems 27 of the digital signal processor (DSP) in Figure 10 are each similar to the subsystem 27-C of the digital signal processor of Figure 9, connected together with a secondary module, such as the secondary module AES / EBU of Spectrum Signal Processing. The RX IF signal of subsystem 26-RX-A enters each of subsystems 27-A-1 through 27-A-N. The globalizer receiver 25-A supports the wide-angle, low gain antenna 28-A to receive the collector signals from a plurality of collector transmitters, of the type previously described. The DSP subsystem in Figure 10, according to one embodiment of the invention, uses DFT filter banks together with the auto-correlation to synchronize in time and phase the signals received from a plurality of collectors for each transmission of the user's reverse channel. The use of filter banks allows this task to be performed simultaneously for many user transmissions. Once the plurality of signals representing a single reverse channel of the user have been synchronized, they are combined (added) by one of several techniques. For example, the combination of equal gain or maximum ratio is used, or the selection based on the measurements of the channel strength presented by the separate collectors. The channel strength measurements presented by the separate collectors are used with the time delay and phase shift information obtained in the synchronization process to locate (locate) a user within a zone.

Improvement of Signal Quality by Globalization: The cellular means of radio propagation is characterized by the reception of multiple trajectories of both forward and reverse channel communications. The reflections of the radio signal broadcast in any direction, forward or reverse, arrive at the reception point closely spaced in time and perhaps displaced in phase. The resulting interference patterns vary rapidly with spatial location and have a coherence length in the order of the carrier wavelength. The distribution of the observed interference ("fades") has been shown to approximate well by the Rayleigh distribution. The distribution of the fading depth ranges from as much as -30 dB to 10 dB. Cellular dispensers must include "fade margins" in their system based on the propagation model, which plans to take account of this fading or weakening. Conventional cellular systems remove some of the Rayleigh fading effects using standard diversity combining techniques, which use two separate base station receiving antennas, with small spacing compared to the radius size of the broadcasting cell. The diversity gains of two resulting branches are typically 5 to 7 dB. A second kind of fading is caused by the path loss of the presence of propagation regions greater than the average (or less than the average) in a particular propagation path. These losses can be caused by terrain features, such as a hill that obstructs between the broadcasting and receiving antennas, or by man-made features, such as buildings and structures deflects free. The shadow fading in a particular receiver changes slowly as a mobile user moves past the obstructions. For reception at any particular receiver, the distribution of the shadow fading has been found experimentally is of normal chronological record, with a variance of 5 to 12 dB for most propagation environments. This variance tends to be greater in open areas than in urban areas and, within urban areas, increases with the average height of buildings. Conventional cell phones have no remedy for this fading and providers must assign fade margins in the system approach, to take into account shadow fading. Given a signal-to-noise ratio, necessary for any particular communications quality for any particular cellular equipment, a shadow fading margin of, for example, 12.1 dB, must be added to achieve a quality greater than 98% of a cell in the presence of a variance shadow fading of 8 dB. The quality of the reverse channel signal from a user is significantly improved by the globalization of the plurality of signals returned by the collectors of the present invention. This is due to the decrease of both fading effects discussed above. The Rayleigh fading is reduced by the spacing greater than the wavelength of the collectors, just as in the case of antennas that receive multiple base stations. The shadow fading is due to the obstruction of users by characteristics of large-scale land or buildings. The collectors of the present invention are spaced across a broadcasting interval, such that at all times at least one collector can be expected to have an unobstructed path to any given user. The shadow fading seen in several collectors for a given user is essentially uncorrelated. Thus, the aggregate of the signal will be able to greatly reduce the margin of shadow fading required. For example, given a signal-to-noise ratio, necessary for any particular communication quality for any particular cellular equipment, a shadow fading margin of only 0.8 dB must be added to achieve that quality over 98% of a cell, in the presence of shadow fading of a variance of 8 dB. This addition is an improvement of 11.3 dB over the addition of the shadow fading margin required for conventional cellular systems, without collector arrays. Conventional cellular systems, which modulate and digitally encode signals for communication channels, express the channel quality measurements in terms of the bit-error-uncoded (BER) regime. A commonly used value for an "acceptable" voice quality is a BER of approximately 0.02 (see, for example, "Wireless Digital Communications, Modulation and Spread Spectrum Applications", Wireless Digital Communications, Modulation Applications and Wide Spectrum), Kamilo Feher, Prentice Hall PTR, New Jersey, 1995). The signal to noise ratio (SNR) required to achieve this BER varies according to the modulation technique used. For a quadrature phase shifting key technique (QPSK), in the presence of Rayleigh fading, a SNR of 9 dB is required, but for the variance shadow fading of 12 dB, a 20 dB ratio is required ( see "Probability of Bit Error for MPK Modulation with Diversity Reception in Rayleigh Faden and Log-Normal Shadowing Channel" (Bit Error Probability for MPSK Modulation with Diversity Reception in Rayleigh Fading and Normal Chronological Registration Shade Channel, WO Yung, IEEE Trans, in Comm., Vol.38 No. 7, 1990, pages 933-937) Thus, a fade margin of 11 dB is recorded.The smaller the BER required, the greater this margin of fading For QPSK modulation, a BER of 0.0001 requires a SNR of around 34 dB, in the absence of shadow fading. In a variance shadow fading medium of 12 dB, the additional fading margin is 18 dB. The requirement for a large fading margin in conventional cellular systems substantially reduces the size of a cell or, if not satisfied, reduces the quality of communications within that cell. As an example, consider a user that can broadcast with a maximum of 800 mW of effective radiated power in a conventional cellular system based on the digital standard in an urban area. Suppose that a SNR of 13 dB is required for acceptable voice communication. Without a margin of fading, the Hata propagation model indicates that the acceptable voice quality can be sustained at a distance of approximately 3.3 km. In a variance shadow fading of 12 dB, the interval falls to 1.6 km. If a BER of 0.0001 is required, the interval is 0.84 km without a shadow fade margin, and 0.25 km with a shadow fade margin of 18 dB. Data transmission typically requires lower BER values than speech for acceptable performance. This implies that the data transmission regimes in conventional cellular systems remain low, or that extremely dense small cell networks must be deployed, at great cost. The present invention allows the close elimination of shadow fading margins from planning. of performance, increasingly higher communication intervals or the quality of increasingly larger communications for the same interval.

Broadcaster Transmitter - Figure 11 In Figure 11, the transmitter 25-B of the broadcaster is a portion of the transceiver 25 of Figure 6, since it includes only one transmitting antenna 29-B and no receiving antenna. In Figure 11, group 27-B of the processor subsystem TX of the digital signal receives signals to be processed at inputs 60 to subsystems 27-Bl, 27-B-2, 27-B-3,. .., 27-BN. of the digital signal processor. The subsystems of DSP, 27-B-1 through 27-B-N process the signals and form the signal TX-IF to the subsystem of RF TX, 26-TX-B. The RF signal from the subsystem 26-TX-B connects the antenna 29. -B of the transmitter and the broadcast signals to the users. Group 27-B of the digital signal processing subsystem executes voice coding, modulation and power control in individual channels, then combines them for broadband transmission.

Complete Double Communication Equipment - Figures 12 and 13 Using the components of the broadcaster, user, collector and globalizer of the present invention, a complete, double-type communication path to a user is established. An execution of the complete double communication channels to three users Ul, U2, U3 in one zone, is shown in Figure 14. The three forward channels CH1, CH2 and CH3 start at the Bl radio station, with a channel diffusion towards forward to each user on different carriers forward. The users answer with reverse channel radio on different reverse carriers in pairs. These reverse channel radio stations are received in each of the three collectors Cl, C2 and C3, in a formation of collectors in the area. Each collector displaces, by analogy or a digital element, the portion of the spectrum of the reverse carrier containing the three reverse channel carriers of the user to a portion of the allocated reverse channel spectrum, which is distinct from both the received user signals and the portions of the spectrum of the reverse channel assigned to any other collector will displace the received user's signals. Each collector broadcasts the displaced carriers in the composite broadband signal to the globalizer Al. This globalizer then processes the received representations of each user's reverse channel signal, synchronizing them to a standard time base, which measures the strength of the received signal from each representation, and performs any globalization based on selection or based on combination. The aggregate signal for each user then serves as the reverse channels CH1, CH2 and CH3 of the full double path. In Figure 15, most complete double channels are identical to those in Figure 14. The difference is in the means by which collectors Cl, C2 and C3 isolate the transmissions, which each makes to the globalizer from the transmissions of the user received from users Ul, U2 and U3 and from transmissions from other collectors. Here, each collector displaces the individual carriers that correspond to each user to the carriers that are not used by the users or other collectors, creates a composite broadband signal that extends the allocated reverse channel spectrum, but with significant power only in the carrier beams displaced, and then send this broadband composite signal to the A12 globalizer. The two figures, Figures 14 and 15, show two means to isolate the transmissions from the collector to the globalizer. Other means include using physical changes to collector broadcasting to the globalizer, such as highly directional antennas (29-C in Figure 9) for the forward element to the globalizer, or using horizontal polarization to isolate collector transmissions from the user transmission. The isolation can also be achieved by using broad spectrum techniques to retransmit the user carriers received in each collector over the entire assigned reverse channel spectrum.

OPERATION System Operations The present invention creates a wireless operation system. One embodiment is that the wireless operation system has been described in terms of hardware (computer equipment) and software (computer programs), which comprise separate parts of the operating system. The broadcaster, collector and globalizer formations create a complete dual communications channel, used to communicate with a mobile user. The operation of this system is under the control of the zone administrators, who manage individual broadcasting areas, and the regional administrators, who manage the operation of the broadcasting areas' training. The modes of the wireless operation system controls will now be described with respect to a number of different operations. The inherent benefits of this wireless operation system allow the increased capacity, coverage and quality, over the previous or conventional cellular systems. Collectors of a collector array receive signals from the user and relay them to a globalizer from a zone administrator. The presence of collector formation allows users to transmit with lower power for a given size area (since the collectors are closer to the users than the base stations, in conventional cellular systems), thus increasing the coverage, allowing zones larger than conventional celas. The collectors provide measurements of the signal strength that are used by the zone manager to determine the user's location for the control of forward and reverse exact link power and the most efficient frequency reuse, thus improving capacity. The collector signals are added in the globalizer to provide higher link quality of communications. The operations of the system will be described first at the level of the zone. One modality of energy management and the functions of finding the location will be detailed, and then the improved capabilities of this modality will be demonstrated, contrasting with its performance for several sequences that handle calls to the methods used by conventional cellular systems.

Energy Management Operations There are two levels of energy to be handled in cellular systems, that is, the power of the broadcaster to the mobile user (forward channel), and the power of the user to the collector (reverse channel). The power requirements are determined by the distances between the broadcaster and the mobile users, the losses of the propagation path over those distances, and the signal to noise and signal to interference ratios, required for the acceptable telephone connection quality. For simplicity, a forward channel signal will be that which reaches a mobile user if it does so with an acceptable connection quality. For the digital cell e-cell IS-54B and IS-136, the power measurement capabilities of digital mobile phones are an additional independent measure of the proper shape of the forward channel power. A reverse channel signal will, in general, be received by several collectors. It will be said that collector formation arrives if the ratios of signal to noise and signal to interference, in a sufficient number of collectors, allow an aggregation of those signals in a composite signal of sufficient quality. The precise values for the required signal strength ratios depend on the cellular standard used. Under one embodiment of the present invention, if a signal is received by three or more collectors, within 8 dB of the minimum ratios for acceptable quality, then the aggregation process returns an acceptable signal quality. If the received signals are within 6 dB of the minimum ratios for acceptable quality, then, in general, only two collectors will be required. Conventional cellular systems have at most weak capabilities to find the location. The travel travel time delay for the base station to mobile path, it is used in some equipment to estimate the interval of the mobile user. Since the speed of radio waves in the atmosphere is about 300 meters per microsecond, the time delay measurements are accurate, since a few microseconds will not locate the mobile interval very precisely and neither will the direction of a mobile user from a base station. According to the present invention, the plurality of collector returns for given mobile communications, allows time delay measurements such as measurements of signal strength over a number of paths. The possible triangulation with this new information allows to greatly improve the estimates of the location of the mobile, both in the interval and in the direction. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the collectors also measure the signal strengths received from the channel communications in front of the broadcaster, since the initial power levels of broadcasting for these channels are known exactly, the strengths of the signals received in the collectors will supply a map of loss of the propagation trajectory obtained dynamically, highly accurate, for a zone. This allows the wireless operation system to respond to both short-period and long-period variations in the propagation medium.

Single Zone Operation - Figure 14 In Figure 14, an example is shown with the users U (l; l), U (l; 2) and U (l; 3), within the range of a zone manager ZM 20 (1). This zone manager 20, through the operation of the B (l) 16 radio transmitter, transmits forward channel communications to mobile users, at two different power levels. The first power level establishes the intervals of broadcasting (Intervals B), BR (1; 1) and BR (1; 3), with equal levels of power that both reach the mobile users U (l; l) and U ( l; 3). Because U (l; 2) is closer to B (l), a lower broadcast power level is used, creating the smaller Interval B BR (1; 2). The broadcaster B (l) receives the forward channel signals from the DI director (r) 14 of the region manager RM (r). Each of the users, in Figure 14, broadcasts in a reverse channel. The user U (l, l) broadcasts in a user interval (Interval R) UR / 1) to reach the collectors C (1, 13) and C (1; 14), which are part of the collector array 13 . Similarly, the user U (l; 2) broadcasts in the Interval U UR (2), which reaches collectors C (l: '07) and C (l; ll). The user U (l, 3) diffuses in the interval U, UR (3), with a diffusion power that reaches the collectors C (l; 01) and C (l; 02). Each of the collectors in the collector array 13, in FIG. 14, transmits to the zone manager ZM (1) and is received by the globalizer 17 A (l). This globalizer 17, in turn, retransmits the reverse channel communications from each of the users and collectors to the accumulator AC (r) 15, within the region manager 21 RM (r).

Call Handling Control Sequences Cell phone systems use prescribed sequences of control messages between a mobile receiver and the control center of the system, to handle every change of state of the mobile receiver. The IS-136 standard describes control sequences that will be carried out before, during, or upon termination of calls to and from the mobile user. The augmented information available to the system from the multiplicity of collectors allows the increase of the standard control sequences. For comparison purposes, we will briefly describe the call sequences for various events under the above methods and indicate the new control functions available according to the invention. Note that these increases do not conflict with the current specifications of the handset. The specific control sequences discussed are mobile receiver registers in energization, finished mobile call adjustment, originated mobile call adjustment, and a new control sequence for handling a 911 call.

For clarity, the call sequences will first be described in terms of the current cellular equipment. Thus, the control of the system resides in the mobile telephone switching office (MTSO), which communicates a user (U) for commanding broadcasts and receiving returns at a particular base station office (BSO), which is also referred to as a cell. The new embodiment can then be described by actions of the region manager (RM), the zone administrator (ZM) and the mobile user (U). The specific link from U to ZM by means of the broadcaster in the forward path and the globalizer-collectors in the return path, will not be mentioned, unless necessary.

Mobile Register in Energization Each cell in a cell phone system broadcasts over one of a set of 21 call adjustment channels. The forward link in the control channel is named a paging channel, while the return link of U is named an access channel. The paging and access channels are multichannel digital channels in the division of time, which carry a traffic of 10 kbps. When a U is connected, it tracks the 21 assigned paging channels, selects the strongest one, and signals its presence through the corresponding access channel. The BSO receiving the signal returns a request for the user's registration and the physical data in the user's type, and indicates U to use a particular slot in the access channel. In addition, the power control of U can be commanded at this time. The requested data is used by the MTSO to validate the user and place it in any of the records of Domestic Location or Visitor Location. According to this existing scheme, the cellular system does not attempt to locate exactly one mobile call after registration but before originating a call to and from said mobile. The new execution will follow the same steps as the previous one, but will use the RSSI data of the collector (signal strength indicator received) from the specific slot in the access channel to perform the location of U. This data will be used therefore the ZM as the RM as input to the resource allocation algorithms, since the presence of a U in the standby mode implies a possible use of the system resources to support a call to that U. The ZM periodically page U to request the access channel transmissions that are used to re-locate U and the fine tuning of the mobile power control. Location information is saved by the ZM and also passed to the RM, where it forms the history database that is used to optimize dynamic channel allocation and transfer algorithms. If the localization procedure indicates that U has reached the limit of another zone, the previous ZM signals U to start a new registration process with the new ZM on the pair of control channels, assigned to the new ZM. This is, in effect, an extremely simple transfer. If a U user does not respond to a request from the ZM, it is assumed that the user has left the region or the power has decreased, and the RM is signaled to remove it from the registrars of the active users in the region.

Call terminating mobile status The current standard for a call originated by landline (mobile terminated state) begins when the request for a connection arrives at the MTSO. This MTSO instructs all the cells to page U on its assigned paging channel. U recognizes its page and responds to the BSO on the access channel in pairs. The BSO informs the MTSO that it is in communication with U. This MTSO then selects a non-active voice channel for the call, adjusts the switching between that channel and the trunk of the terrestrial line and informs the BSO of the channel designation. The BSO informs U of the allocation of the voice channel over the paging channel, and begins broadcasting in a particular supervisory audio tone (SAT) over the forward link of the voice channel. This SAT is one of the three tones near 6 kHz, and each BSO uses only one SAT in its communications with all U users in this cell. When a particular U receives the SAT in the voice channel, it responds by repeating the SAT again over the return link of the voice channel. Once the SAT has been confirmed and received by the BSO, the paging and access channels are released. The subsequent control communications between U and the BSO are carried over the voice channel, using messages of blank type and burst, where the voice channel is blank for 50 ms and a burst of control traffic is sent at 10 kbps . Both the U and the BSO use the presence of the SAT as confirmation that there is a communication link. If the SAT goes down for more than 5 seconds, each assumes that the call has been terminated by the other. When the voice channel communications with the U are established, the BSO takes the associated trunk of a landline in an off-hook state, which tells the MTSO that a successful voice channel is in place. The MTSO then commands the BSO to the U signal of an incoming call. U alerts the user, and sends a hung signal by adding a signal tone (ST) at 10 kHz to its return voice channel transmission, the BSO receives the ST and informs the MTSO to send a ring signal again on the land line. When and if the call is answered in U, the ST drops, the BSO indicates to the MTSO to suppress the ringing signal back to the land line and the voice communications are then conducted on the established path.

The new cellular execution does not require that a user U be paged over the entire system. The process of registration at the start, and successive locations and possible re-registrations in new zones, keep U located. The programming algorithms in the RM and ZM have already identified the optimal voice channel and transmit and receive power levels that will be assigned to U. This designation is pointed to U and, therefore, standard execution is followed. The algorithms used by the ZM and RM to assign optimal channels and power to a call can be briefly described: the ZM, through the localization process, has determined the required broadcasting power, necessary to reach U with sufficient levels of signal to noise, to allow a good connection. This level may need to be increased due to the data in existing calls in the area and neighboring areas. The ZM has given limits on the broadcast strength that is allowed to be used on each available channel. If no available channel has the required power limit, the ZM informs U and asks for permission to use an available channel with a new power greater than what was previously allowed. Optimal RM the decision whether to allow this considering the call charges in other U zones that will likely enter during a call and determine if a power balance is possible that allows acceptable signal to interference ratios. Permission to use the required power may be granted on that or another channel, or the call may be deleted. If a channel is available in. the establishment of required power, the ZM assigns that channel to U and also points to the RM of the broadcasting power that will be used in that channel. As the call continues, the ZM monitors the call, locates U to determine if a change is required to any broadcaster or user power. This may again require RM permissions. These RM programming algorithms will give higher priority to the established flames that continue after initiating new calls.

Call that originates the mobile state For simplicity, consider only the mobile user's connection to the ground line. A connection from a mobile user to another mobile user will simply combine the sequences of the control that originates the mobile state and terminates the mobile state, in a predictable manner. Under the current standard, The U indicates its request for a connection to the BSO on the access channel. The request is delayed to the MTSO, which selects a non-active voice channel and informs the BSO. Next, the control sequence follows the norm for a call from the terminated user, with the exception that the terrestrial connection is not attempted until after establishing a successful connection between U and the BSO on the voice channel. The new execution will allow the ZM to initiate activation of the voice channel in the predetermined channel at the predetermined power. When the voice channel is established, the RM will be informed, and will immediately extend the connection to the PSTN. 911 Call Handling Procedure The diversity of the collectors in the invention will allow the best location of the mobile users. This has extensive implications for the overall architecture of the system, which allow for more efficient resource allocation algorithms. The more collectors are in an area (or zones) that hear a particular U, the better the location. A ZM will balance the need for location with the low power requirement of the mobile user for improved signal to interference performance on the return link and extend the life of the mobile battery. This requirement, however, will be suppressed in the case of a 911 call (originating user). Note that U must be energized before the 911 call can be attempted, so we will assume that the mobile record in the energization sequence, before described, it has been tried. The system will also respond to 911 calls from a U that can not be registered, for any reason. In any case, reception by means of the access channel of a request 911 from a particular U would trigger the sequence 911 now described. For simplified purposes, let's now consider the case of a simple 911 call. The 911 impact requests will be assigned priorities handled as current PSTN 911 executions. The system has dedicated 911 response voice channels that will always be available at maximum power. When a 911 request is initiated by a particular U, the service ZM notifies RM. The 911 request will be at the maximum possible power for U. All the collectors in the area and surrounding areas will be instructed to provide location data to the RM, which will execute a wide region localization algorithm of greater complexity and accuracy than the localization algorithms. standard used by the ZM. Simultaneously, the service ZM will initiate the voice channel establishment procedure, described entities, for a call originated by a mobile user, and the RM will establish a landline connection to the 911 management function of the PSTN. The RM will frequently re-place the 911 call. When a transfer becomes necessary in the course of a 911 call, it will be handled with the highest priority. A new voice channel will always be available and the transfer point will be chosen optimally using the finest location and the highest level of power that the 911 call provides.

Two Zone Operation - Figure 15 In Figure 15, Region Manager 21 RM (r) and zone managers ZM (1) and ZM (2), 20-1 and 20-2, are shown together with the formations of collector CA (1) and CA (2), 13-1 and 13-2. In Figure 15, five users U (2; l), U (2; 2), U (l; l), U (l; 2) and U (l, 3), are shown. In Figure 15, the zone manager ZM (1), 20-1 and the collector array CA (1), 13-1, are the same as in the example of Figure 14. In Figure 15, the training of collector CA (2), 13-2, has been added together with the zone manager ZM (2), 20-2, and the users U (2; l) and U (2; 2). Note that the radio B (2) in the zone manager ZM (2) has two levels of broadcasting power, one level for Interval B, BR (2; 1) and BR (2; 3), and one level for Interval B, BR (2,2), as in Figure 14.

User Movement Operation - Figure 16 In Figure 16, the same general elements of Figure 15 are shown with the user U (2; l) moved from the lower left corner to the upper right of the CA formation (2), 13-2. Similarly, the administrator's radio station 20-2 in the ZM zone (2) has three different broadcasting powers, to establish three different broadcasting intervals, BR (2; 1), BR (2; 2) and BR (2; 3 ). Figures 15 and 16 show the mobile user designated U (2; l), moving from the lower left to the upper right in Figure 15 of the collector array CA (2), 13-2. Specifically, the path taken by U (2; l) is on a straight line from the area of C (2; 13) to the area of C (l; 16). The following sequence of events describes the relevant activities of system control: Under the control of administrator 20-2 of zone ZM (2): a) user U (2: l) is initially received in C (2; 9) and C (2; 13); b) the user U (2; l) is then received in C (2; 6), C (2; 9) and C (2; 10), and the power level of the radio broadcaster B (2) in the U (2; l) assigned to the forward communication channel is reduced to create an Interval B, BR (2; 1), because U (2; l) is now closer to the B radio broadcaster (2); c) the user U (2; l) is then received in C (2,; 3), C (2; ß) and C (2; 7), and the broadcasting power is increased to increase BR (2; 1; ) since U (2; l) is now moving away from B (2); d) as user U (2; l) begins to be received only by C (2; 3) and C (2,4), the power of the broadcaster increases again to increase BR (2; 1). The zone manager ZM (2) 20-2 determines that the mobile user moves outside the coverage range of the CA collector array (a). The ZM Zone Manager 20-2 (2) sends a message to the RM (r) 21 messenger of the region, informing that RM (r) 21 of the imminent need for a transfer and reporting the location of U (2; ); e) the ZM zone manager 20-2 (2) receives a message from RM (r) 21, which indicates that this zone manager ZM (1) 20-1 is preparing to accept the transfer of U (2; l) . RM (r) informs the administrator 20-2 of zone ZM (2) of the new frequency pair (pair of broadcasting / receiving channel) located by the messenger 20-1 of zone ZM (1) for connection to U ( 2; l). When changing to this new frequency pair, U (2; l) passes under the control of the manager 20-1 of zone ZM (1) and will receive the new designation U (l; 4); f) the ZM zone manager 2-2 (2) sends a transfer message to U (2; l), which india the new frequency pair that must be used under its new designation as U (1; 4) for the communications within the point of view of the administered 20-1 ZM zone (1). Upon receiving the recognition of U (2; l), the administrator 20-2 of zone ZM (2) disconnects the broadcasting of the administrator 20-2 of zone ZM (2) and sends C (2; 3) and C (2); 4) stop listening to the reverse channel of U (2; l). The zone manager ZM (2) 20-2 also unassigns the broadcast channel that was used for U (2; l), so that it can be reused by a new user under the control of administrator 20-2 of the ZM zone (2) .

Under the control of administrator 21 of region RM (r): a) Administrator 21 of region RM (r) receives a message from administrator 20-2 of zone ZM (2) indicating that U (2; ) is in need of a transfer. RM (r) 21 determines that U (2; l) moves towards zone 1; b) the administrator 21 of the RM region (r) sends a message to the administrator 20-1 of the zone ZM (1), with instructions for the administrator 20-1 of the area ZM (1) to listen to U (2; ) or its frequency of the return channel of assigned zone 2; c) the administrator 21 of the RM region (r) receives a message from the administrator 20-1 of the zone ZM (1), which indicates that U (2; l) has been heard and located by the collectors in the CA formation (1) of collectors, and that a new frequency assignment has been prepared for U (2; l), which will be designated U (l);4); d) the administrator 21 of the region RM (r) sends a message to the administrator 20-1 of the zone ZM (1), supplying route data for the communications of the channel forward to U (l; 4) from the distributor DI ( r) and inverse channel communications from U (1, 4) to AC accumulator (r) 15; e) administrator 21 of region RM (r) sends a message to administrator 20-2 of zone ZM (2), which indicates that a transfer has been prepared and that administrator 20-2 of zone ZM (2) must instruct U (2; l) to tune to its newly assigned frequency.

Under the control of administrator 20-1 of zone ZM (1): a) Administrator 20-1 of zone ZM (1) receives a signal of RM (r) 21 to locate U (2; l) on a channel given, which is used by U (2; l). The administrator 20-1 of the zone ZM (1) requests that all the collectors CA (-l), C (l; 01) to C (l; 16) monitor this given channel and inform again the out of the received signal; b) when receiving the measurements of the signal strength of the AC collectors (1), the administrator 20-1 of the zone ZM (1) determines that the collectors C (l; 15) and C (l; 16) can receive better the user U (2; l) that approaches; c) The administrator 20-1 of the zone ZM (1) assigns a broadcasting frequency for the user U (2; l) and designates it U (1; 4); d) The administrator 20-1 of the zone ZM (1) sends a message to RM (r) 21, which indicates that U (2; l) has been captured and a new frequency pair has been assigned to it; e) The administrator 20-1 of the ZM zone (1) receives the route data for the forward channel communications to U (l; 4) from the DI (r) distributor 14 and for the reverse channel communications to the accumulator AC (r) and begins transmitting forward channel communications at the recently assigned frequency; f) The administrator 20-1 of the zone ZM (1) begins to receive the reverse channel communications from U (l; 4) of the collectors C (l; 15) and C (l; 16) by means of the globalizer A (l) The administrator 20-1 of the ZM zone (1) guides the reverse channel communications to AC (r) 15. The transfer is completed.

Dynamic Channel Assignment Operation Conventional cellular systems use a fixed channel assignment. For example, an AMPS cellular system completely outside of a construction, which uses a channel division scheme (7.3) assigns a fixed number of channels (18 or 19) to each sector of each cell within the system. Not only is the number of channels assigned to a fixed sector, but the exact frequencies assigned to that sector are fixed. The fixed allocation of resources makes it difficult for the cellular system to respond to changes in the traffic load on a base from one moment to another or even from one month to another month. The academic literature contains many examples of dynamic channel allocation algorithms that greatly increase the capacity of the system, increasing the efficiency with which system resources are allocated to the locations where resources are most needed at any particular time. See, for example, "Channel Borrowing Without Locking for Sectorized Cellular Communications", by H. Jiang and SS Rappaport, IEEE Trans., VT-43, No. 4, 1994 , pages 1067-1077. There are several reasons why the assignment of a fixed channel has been used in conventional cellular systems. First, the analog radio equipment to combine several channels requires different equipment for different frequencies. A change in frequency thus implies a replacement of the device, making the operation non-economic. A second reason why dynamic channel allocation has not been introduced in conventional systems is that most of the allocation strategies proposed require both control of the radio and mobile power on a channel basis, and combiners Analog channels can not, in general, do this. The digital RF device can mitigate the above problems, but digital executions of conventional cellular systems can not make good use of dynamic allocation algorithms. This is because such algorithms depend, to a greater or lesser extent, on the knowledge of the mobile user's location within a cell and the exact location information is not available in conventional cellular systems. Also, conventional cellular systems concentrate the functions of network control in the MTSO and the greatly increased data requirements for the execution of dynamic allocation algorithms can upset the capacity of the standard control channels and the processing capacity of the MTSO. . The embodiments of the present invention for channeled wireless communications will make full use of dynamic channel allocation or more generally, the allocation of dynamic resources, solving both problems just described. The location within a zone is provided by the operation of the globalizer that uses the measures provided by the formation of collectors. This allows applying the most intelligent algorithms. The power of the distributed process of the region administrators and zone administrators allows the local sion using data in its source within a zone, made by the control algorithms in the zone administrators. The global resources that monitor and determine the network of zones are then carried out by the control algorithms in the region administrators. Tables 2 to 5 contain an embodiment of the algorithms that perform the dynamic channel assignment with control of both the radio broadcaster and the power of the mobile user, over the distributed control hierarchy of the present invention. The particular dynamic channel allocation algorithm used by a region manager will depend on the nature of the system; AMPS channels will be handled differently from the time slots in a TDMA system. For clarity, the following description will consider zone radios and collectors with omni-directional antennas, rather than sectors. In addition, the software works to govern the flow of control data between the various components of the system and the switch works for the connection of the structures of the distributor / broadcaster and the globalizer / accumulator, with external networks, which will be implicit. In the following data structures, Nzone refers to the number of zone managers controlled by a region manager and Nfreq refers to the total number of channel pairs available. The relevant data structures are: In the region manager: RegionFreqMap (Nzone, Nfreq) - Mapping of frequency for all zones and for all frequencies, in the form of maximum power will allow the broadcaster for each frequency (couple of frequencies) in each zone. It is initialized by assigning the maximum possible power for a reserved set of frequencies in each zone, using some large frequency reuse division. RegionFreqUse (Nzone, Nfreq2) - Current status of the region, as reported by the individual zone administrator. For all the zones and for all the frequencies, the radio station commanded by the current and the power levels of the user. Updated by the reports from the individual zone administrator.

In a zone manager: PowerPermit (Nfreq) - Maximum allowed power of the broadcaster to be used for each individual frequency. Updated by region administrator. HomeFreg (*) - Frequencies reserved for the non-limited use of energy in the area. BorrowedFreq (*) _ Frequencies in addition to the local frequencies that are currently used for connections in the area. PowerUse (Nfreq, 2) - Current contrd broadcasting and user power levels in the area. MobileID (*) - Identities of the active users located in the zone, updated by globalizer. MobileLocation (*, 2) - Location of each active user in the zone, updated by globalizer. MobileConnect (*) _ Flag of frequency assignment, adjusted to the assigned frequency if the user connects and the communication is in progress, zero if the user is active, but is not connected.

TABLE 2 COPYRIGHT © DE 1995 SPECTRUM WIRELESS, INC. MATLAB execution of the region manager function to initialize the projection of the frequency power map function InitializeFreqMap ()%% This function is used to initialize the frequency map for a region. % In this run, the reuse division of the underlying frequency% is a division of 12 zones. Thus each zone has been assigned a% designation between 1 and 12. For the frequencies assigned to a% zone (local frequencies), the zone manager is allowed to use the maximum power. % For frequencies not in the assigned set, the power level allowed % is initialized in Squelch (in dB) less than the maximum allowed power. % Power levels are specified in dBm. % for iz = 1.Nzone RegionFreqMap (iz, :) = MaxForward - Squelch; RegionFreqMap (iz, FreqSet (ZoneDsig (iz))) = MaxForward; end TABLE 3 COPYRIGHT © DE 1995 SPECTRUM WIRELESS, INC.

MATLAB execution of the region manager function to monitor the use of frequency and readjust the allowed power levels. Continuous operation.

FreqMonitor function ()%% This function will operate continuously in the region manager. It will be cycled% through the frequency list to readjust the allowed power levels, as appropriate%. %% Obtain zones that have borrowed the frequency. If such zones exist,% reduce the power available to other potential borrowers% Borrowed = lenght (find (RegionFreqUse (:, Freq)> 0 &... Region FreqMap (:, Freq) ~ = MaxPower)); %% Scale to reflect the size of the division (12 in this example) and% penalty of multiple use. % Npart = 12; Borrowed = Borrowed * Penalty * Nzone / Npart; Yes (Borrowed > 0) for iz = 1 -Nzone if (RegionFreqMap (:, Freq) ~ = MaxPower) RegionFreqMap (:, Freq) = MaxPower - Sqielch - Borrowed; end; end; end TABLE 4 COPYRIGHT © DE 1995 SPECTRUM WIRELESS, INC. MATLAB execution of the zone manager function to handle a connection request.

Event driven.

GetFre function (Mobile, AssignedFreg, AssignedForward, ... AssignedReverse)%% This function will determine whether or not a frequency is% available to handle a connection request, and assign% power levels for the connection if possible. %% If an assignment is not possible, AssignFreq is set to -999. %% The user's location is used to determine the path loss of% propagation and the local noise floor. % PathLoss = GetPathLoss (MobileLocation (Mobile)); LocalFIoorFor = GetNoiseFloorFor (MobileLocation (Mobile)); LocalFIoorRev = GetNoiseFloorRev (MobileLocation (Mobile)); %% Given a specific margin to cover the required signal to noise%% signal to interference, as well as a safety margin, obtain the% power required in the forward direction. In reverse,% adjust to the collector display value on the reverse noise floor.

% MinPowerReqdFor = LocalFIoor + PathLoss + Margin; MinPowerReqdRev = LocalFIoor + PathLoss + Margin - GainFromColl; %% Treat local frequencies first. If there is a local frequency % that can be used, take it. % Homer = find (PowerPermit (HomeFreq)> MinPowerReqdFor (HomeFreq)) yes (length (Homer)> 0) AssignFreq = HomeFreq (Homer (1)); AssignForward = MinPowerReqd (HomeFreq (Homer (1))); AssignReverse = MinPowerReqdRev (HomeFreq (Homer (1))); returN, end; %% Now look for a frequency for the loan% Possible = find (PowerPermit> MinPowerreqFor); %% If there is any frequency that can be used, take it. Another, it fails. % yes (lenght (Possible) > 0) AssignFreq = Possible (11); AssignForward = MinPowerReqdFor (Possible (1)); AssignReverse = MinPowerReqdRev (Possible (1)); also AssigFreq = -999; end; TABLE 5 COPYRIGHT © DE 1995 SPECTRUM WIRELESS, INC. MATLAB execution of the zone manager function to monitor active connections and force soft transfer from a local frequency to a borrowed frequency, when possible. Operate continuously once the local frequencies have been filled.

HomeMonitor function () % This function will determine if any connection of user% currently with service by a local frequency, can adequately service% by a borrowed frequency. If so, a transfer is commanded for the% connection in question to a new borrowed frequency. %% Obtain user connections with service by local frequencies% for ii = 1: Nconn if (any (HomeFreq = = MobileConnect (ii)) Homer = MobileConnect (ii);%% The user's location is used to determine the loss of the path of% propagation and local noise floor% PathLoss = GetPathLoss (MobileLocation (ii, :)); LocalFIoorFor = GetNoiseFloorFor (MobileLocation (i¡, :)); LocalFIoorrev = GetNoiseFloorRev (MobileLocation (ii, :)); %% Given a specified margin to cover the required signal to noise% signal to interference, like a margin of safety, obtain the power % required on each frequency at the address below. In reverse,% adjust to the collector-displayed value on the reverse noise floor. % MinPowerReqdFor = LocalFIoor + PathLoss + Margin; MinPowerReqdrev = LocalFIoor + PathLoss + ... Margin - GainFromColl; %% Now we look for a frequency for the loan% Possible = find (PowerPermit> MinPowerReqdFor); %% If there is any frequency that can be used, take it. Transfer Barter. % yes (lenght (Possible) > 0) SwapHandoff (ii Homer, Possible (1) ... MinPowerReqdFor (Possible (1)), ... MinPowerReqdRev (Possible (1))); end; end; end % Collector Formations for Enhanced Capacity and Quality - Figure 17 In accordance with the present invention, a plurality of collectors are used in a broadcasting zone to provide a wireless operator system architecture that has a greater communication capacity and better communication quality than previous wireless systems. This result is demonstrated by the simple system example described below. This example, for clarity, does not include the use of any power control or dynamic channel assignment. In a conventional, typical mobile cellular system, a fixed number of radio communication bearers, each of a fixed spectral bandwidth and location, provide the service over a specified service area. To simplify the example, the capacity gains that can be obtained by a number of methods, for example, by multichannel communications channels on a single carrier, are not considered. However, these methods for improving the capacity can also be employed in the embodiments of the present invention. For the purposes of this example, each radio carrier band is assumed to carry a single communications channel, half-double. A two-way communication channel requires two of these one-way channels, one used to spread the mobile user and the other to receive it. In conventional systems, the transmission and reception channels are in pairs, according to the fixed numbering scheme and the combined pair refers to a channel involving a two-way channel. That conventional nomenclature is adopted for this example. In conventional systems, the reverse channel has service by a single receiver placed in conjunction with the forward channel radio, while in the present invention the reverse channel is served by a plurality of collectors feeding a globalizer. There are 416 channels (channel pairs) for each cellular system with current license in E. U. A., with 21 used for control channels and 395 available for calls. To provide the greatest possible capacity, a cellular system reuses the available channels from one cell to another cell. The interference between the signals in the same channel (co-channel interference) is a limiting factor to this approach. The demands of capacity and quality are balanced by defining a minimum standard for the quality of communications. A cellular system design attempts to maximize the reuse of the frequency for greater capacity, while ensuring that the co-channel interference remains sufficiently low to supply the minimum level for acceptable quality. The design criteria of the AMPS is a ratio of 18 dB between the signal attempted and the interference. The measure of quality is then the percentage of calls that fail to comply with this rule. The capacity of the system is not determined simply by adding the number of available channels in each cell over all the cells. The row theory should be used to determine the response of the system to requests that arrive randomly for connections. At certain times, all the channels can not be in use and in others, all the channels will be in use and the requests that arrive recently will be blocked. The offered load of a system is measured in Erlangs. The capacity of the system is then defined will be the load offered for a given probability of blocked calls. The standard cell phone design criteria for blocked calls is a 2% rate. Given the number of channels available in a cell, the capacity of the cell in Erlangs is then computed from the standard formula. A conventional cellular architecture uses a diffuser / receiver base station per cell. The cell coverage is assumed to be approximately hexagonal in configuration and the hexagonal mosaic of many cells will cover some service area (region). For comparison purposes, in a situation limited in capacity, the conventional cells are assumed to be of the same size as the broadcasting zones of the present invention. In a conventional cell, a pair of transmitter / receiver are placed together in a cell. In the present invention, a broadcaster is located at the same site of the transmitter / receiver pair of the cell, but a collector array extends over the broadcasting range. One technique for increasing the quality of the connection in cellular systems is to divide the cells (or broadcasting areas in the present invention) in directional broadcasting sectors, using broadcasting antennas with openings of 60 to 120 °, for example. In a specific example, a standard configuration for a conventional system has channels divided into seven groups, which are repeated in groups of seven cells, to improve the quality, sectors of 120 ° are used to reduce the number of interferences of the standard 6 in the case without sectors to 2. The calculation of the capacity for this standard configuration, denoted (K = 7, S = 3) for 7 cells, reuses 3 sectors with 19 channels / sector gives 12.3 Erlangs / sector, 36.9 Erlangs / cell. The model of the system is carried out considering the effect of a large number of tests to determine the co-channel interference. Assuming a coefficient of loss of the radio propagation path of 3.0 and a normal record trajectory that has an average shading of zero and a variance of 4dB, approximately 27% of calls attempted in a cell will fail the 18 dB signal quality standard when the system is full capacity. Conventional AMPS cellular systems do not employ frequency division schemes less than (7.3), although division schemes (4.6) have been proposed. The co-channel interference in these cases reduces the quality of service to levels below or below current standards. Figure 17 describes a frequency division scheme (3,6) which, according to the present invention, provides better quality of service, while substantially increasing the capacity of the system. For purposes of clarity, only the broadcasting zones are shown, and the collector arrays are omitted from the figure. Likewise, for purposes of direct comparison to conventional cellular systems, the broadcasting zones are indicated as hexagons. In Figure 17, the division scheme in a zone of the group of three zones is shown. This pattern can be translated homomorphically to two other groups of zone of the group. The other two sets are shown in Figure 17. One of them is the set of zones marked by hexagons that contain a sector boundaries scheme, and the other is the set of zones that do not have any internal marks. The division (3,6) creates 18 separate frequency groups, which are distributed as indicated in Figure 17.

According to this division algorithm, the number of interferences rises to three, but the distances to these interferences are greatly increased, thus reducing the general interference. For this division (3,6), the calculation capacity for 22 channels / sector gives 14.9 Erlangs / sector and 89.4 Erlangs / area. This is a factor of 2.4 times the configuration capacity (7.3) for the conventional system. The model of the system under the same assumptions listed above, found that approximately 10% of calls attempted in the area will no longer meet the quality standard in its full capacity. This is a 2.7 times improvement over the result for the conventional system example. In summary, the present invention provides, even considering only the comparison example, at least a double of both capacity and quality over existing conventional systems. Of course, when more complex equipment is used, the improvement is even greater. Collector Formations for Improved Coverage - Figure 18 The previous example demonstrated a modality of the present invention, with capacity and quality greatly superior to conventional ular systems. The flexibility of the wireless operation system of the present invention also allows for modalities designed to increase coverage. In the above example of capacity and quality improvement, the reverse channel communication path from the user to the collector became substantially shorter than the user's path to the base station in conventional ular systems. The modality illustrated in Figure 18 shows that inverse channel communications through the various collectors can be added to provide a higher quality communications channel over greater distances, thus increasing the coverage area. The internal grouping of nineteen hexagons represents a set of conventional s of the ular system. The maximum size of a is determined by the antenna height of the base station and the broadcast power, the height of the user and the power of the broadcast, and by the means of environmental propagation. The reverse channel link is weaker for many reasons, including the low power output, a low gain omni-directional antenna, and the difficulty of synchronizing the reverse channel communications of many users to a base station. The MATLAB codes for determining coverage radii are presented in TABLE 6 and TABLE 7, which consist, respectively, of a propagation model corresponding to Hata's parameter model (Hata, M. "Empirical Formula for Propagation Loss in Land Mobile Radio Services, "(Empirical Formula for the Loss of Propagation in Terrestrial Mobile Radio Services), IEEE Trans, VT-29, No. 3, 1980, pages 317-325) and an impulse routine that determines the coverage for values dice of heights and antenna locations, broadcasting powers and propagation medium. For the purposes of example, consider users who broadcast in the 850 MHz band with 200 mW, at a height of 2 m to a base station antenna at a height of 33 m, in a suburban propagation environment. The height of the base station, relatively low, may be necessary due to zone restrictions, for example. In this case, the maximum radius would be approximately 2.5 km. The set of ten and nine conventional s thus cover an area of 309 km2. Now consider the formation of the collectors 19 of the present invention, as indicated in Figure 18. Suppose that the heights of the collector antennas are also 33 m. A radio broadcast power level of the base station of 100W gives a coverage radius of 14.8 km. The MATLAB code presented in TABLE 7 demonstrates that the arrangement of collectors 19, indicated in Figure 18, will be sufficient to provide high quality coverage over larger radii. This is due to the use of globalization. This globalization expands the effective radius of high quality coverage around a collector, using the diversity of the user's inverse directions to the collector trajectories. The total area covered by the broadcasting area in this embodiment of the present invention is 571 km2. The collector array of the present invention consists of relatively simple and inexpensive receivers and transmitters, when compared to the conventional cell base stations of the cellular system. Thus, the deployment of the nineteen lowest cost collectors, with greater placement flexibility, as shown in Figure 18, replaces the nineteen base stations that supply almost twice the coverage area. Larger coverage extensions are possible if the forward channel link is extended. These can be done, for example, by increasing the height of the broadcasting antenna (or base station). If the height of the broadcasting antenna is increased to 50 m and the user's broadcast power level is increased to 600 mW, but the collectors are left at 33 m, then the conventional cell radius will be 4.2 km, providing a coverage of 883 km2, while the broadcasting area of the present invention is 19.4 km in radius, covering 977 km2 with high quality communications links. While the ratio of the area covered, according to this embodiment of the present invention, is only 15% greater than that of the conventional cellular systems, the economic advantage remains, since the heights of the collector antennas have remained at 33 m and the antennas of the base station of the conventional system must be raised to 50 m. Zone restrictions can add additional costs of obtaining waivers, meeting special site requirements, and delays in deploying time. Likewise, lower power transmitters will be more acceptable than higher power transmitters. In open rural environments, where the height restrictions of the station antenna can be considerably moderated, the present invention can be used to create broadcasting zones limited only by the absolute limit for radio propagation at a given frequency. In the 850 MHz band, this limit is the radius site line distance (RLOS), due to the curvature of the Earth and the refraction of the air. For user antennas 2 m high and 200 m high broadcasting antennas, the RLOS distance is approximately 64 km. The area covered by this broadcasting interval is 10740 km2 and the collector formation of Figure 18 provides high quality connections over that area, with heights of collector antennas of only 50 m for a user's broadcast power level of only 600 mW. For the early deployment of cellular systems designed to cover large areas, this embodiment of the present invention provides a huge advantage over conventional cellular systems. Non-uniform collector formations - Figures 19 and 20 The embodiment of the present invention, shown in Figure 18, employs a regularly spaced array of collectors 19, and all those collectors 19 have the same antenna height. The flexibility of the present invention is now illustrated in Figures 19 and 20. Here, the collectors are not evenly spaced, as shown in Figure 19. and have varying heights, as shown in Figure 20. For example, the collectors 19-1 are at 150 m, collectors 19-2 are at 50 m, and collectors 19-3 are at 30 m. The radio station 18 is 50 m away. The characteristics of the terrain, which make radio propagation difficult in certain areas, will require more closely spaced collectors, for example. In the illustrated example, the central region is, for example, a suburban development with strict height limits. The simulations using the tools presented in TABLE 6 and TABLE 7 confirm that, for a power level of the base station of 100 W and a mobile power level of 600 mW, the aggregate of the reverse user channel communications returned provide high quality communications links through the broadcasting area. This flexibility is an important feature of the present invention, because the collector array spacing can vary for any of a number of practical reasons, including coverage, quality, reliability, capacity, zone restrictions and availability. TABLE 6 COPYRIGHT © DE 1995 SPECTRUM WIRELESS, INC. loss of function = hata (dist, hbase, hmob, freq, city)%% loss = hata (dist, hbase, hmob, freq, city)%% hata performs the Hata formulation of the Okumura model for the% loss of trajectory of the propagation. The model assumes an almost smooth terrain % and try for the following range of input parameters:%% dist base-mobile separation (km) 1 to 20% hbase base station antenna (m) 30 to 200% hmob mobile antenna (m) 1 to 10% freq transmission frequency (MHz) 150 to 1500% city city classification:% 'L' or - "large city% 'M' or 'm small city-medium'% 'S' or 's' suburban%'% 'O' u 'o', open area%% The variable returned is the path loss in dB. % the terms of loss of adjustment trajectory that do not depend on the type of city loss = 69.55 + 26.16 * log10 (freq) - 13.82 * log10 (hbase) + ... 44.9 - 6.55 * log10 (hbase)) * log10 (dist); %% Now make corrections for the city classification%% Adjust the standard mobile antenna for the small-medium city % mobgain = (1.1 * log10 (freq) - 0.7) * hmob - 1.56 * log10 (freq) + 0.8; citytype = uppper (city); yes (citytype = = 'L') yes (freq < = 200) mobgain = 8.29 * (log10 (1, 54 * hmob))? 2-1.1; elseif (freq > = 400) mobgain = 3.2 * (log10 (11.75 * hmob))? 2-4.97; end; % Here are the settings outside the city% elseif (citytype = = 'S') loss = loss -2. * (Log10 (freq / 28))? 2-5.4; elseif (citytype = = 'O') loss = loss - 4.78 * (log10 (freq? 2 + 18.33 * log10 (freq) -40.94; elseif (citytype ~ = 'M') 'Type of city not recognized' end; loss = loss - mobgain; TABLE 6 COPYRIGHT © DE 1995 SPECTRUM IRELESS, INC. cover19 function (MobilePower, MobileHeight, CollectorHeight, ... BasePower.BasaeHeight.CityType)%% coverit function (MobilePower, MobileHeight, CollectorHeight,% BasePower.BaseHeight.CityType)% This function will take the list of following collector locations% and will determine the coverage for a zone determined by the% coverage of the specified base station, using the specified mobile power% and collector heights. The parameters listed below include% the noise floor, acceptable signal-to-noise ratios, and the number of tests. % A number of randomized test points distributed over the% circle of coverage will be performed. % Nc = 19; Location = [[0.0 3.8]; ... [-1.6 2.7]; [1.6 2.7]; ... [-3.2 1.9]; [0.0 1.9]; [3.2 1.8]; ... [1.6 0.9]; [1.6 0.9]; ... [-3.2 0.0] [0.0 0.0]; [3.2 0.0]; ... [-1.6 -0.9]; [1.6 -0.9]; ... [-3.2 -1.9]; [0.0 -1.9]; [3.2 -1.8]; ... [-1.6 -2.7]; [1.6 -2.7]; ... [0.0 -3.8]]; Location = Location / 4,619; % NoiseFloor = -125; % Level3 = 20. Level2 = 14. Levell = 12. AbsLev3 = NoiseFloor + Level3; AbsLev2 = NoiseFloor + Level2; AbsLevI = NoiseFloor + Levell; Loss3 = MobilePoser - AbsLev3; Loss2 = MobilePower - • AbsLev2; Lossl = MobilePower - • AbsLevI; % Ntrial = 1000 00; % Get coverage radius of base station power and height % BaseLoss = BasePower - (NoiseFloor + Level 3); R = 1; Loss = hata (R, BaseHeight, MobileHeight, 850, CityType); If (Loss> BaseLoss) ['Loss =', num2str (Loss), 'it is too large'] interruption; end for iii = 1: 500 if (Loss < BaseLoss) R = R * 1.01; Loss = hata (R, BaseHeight, MobileHeight, 850, CityType); end end; BasaeRadius = R Location = Location * BaseRadius; %% Adjust the distance breakpoints% R = 1; Loss = hata (R, Collectorheight, MobileHeight, 850, CityType); if (Loss> Loss3) ['Loss =', num2str (Loss), 'is too large] interruption; end for iii = 1: 500 if (Loss < Loss3) R = R * 1.01 Loss = hata (R, CollectorHeight, MobileHeight, 850, CityType); end end; R3 = R for iii = 1: 500 if (Loss < Loss2) R = R * 1.01; Loss = hata (R, CollectorHeight, Mobileheight, 850, CityType); end end; R2 = R for iii = 1: 500 if (Loss < Lossl) R = R * 1.01; Loss = halta (R, CollectorHeight, MobileHeight, 850, CityType); end end; R1 = R%% Obtain the random points% r = BaseRadius. * Rand (1, Ntrial).? (0.5); theta = 2. * pi * rand (1.Ntrial); x = r. * cos (theta); y = r.sen (theta); %% Get distances% Distance = zeros (Nc, Ntrial); for ii = 1: Nc Distance (ii ,;) = ((x-Location (ii, 1).? 2 + ... (y-Location (ii, 2).? 2).? 0.5); end; % % Flag = zeros (Nc, Ntrial); Countl = find (Distance < = R1); Flag (Countl) = ones (1, length (Count1)); Count2 = find (Distance < = R2); Flag (Count2) = 2. * ones (1, lenght (Count2)); Count3 = find (Distance <= R3); Flag (Count3) = 3. * ones (1 enght (Count)); Covered = sum (Flag); % ['For mobile radius =', num2str (Rm)] Coverage = zeros (1, Nc + 1); for ii = 0; Nc Coverage (i¡ + 1) = length find (Covered == ii) / Ntrial; end; Coverage elf; axis (BaseRadius * [- 1.0, 1.0, -1.0, 1.0]); hold on; Doit = find (convered == 0); plot (xDoit), and (Doit), 'w.'); Doit = find (Convered == 1); plot (xDoit), and (Doit), 'y.'); Doit = find (Covered == 2); plot (xDoit), and (Doit), 'g.'); Doit = find (Covered > = 3); plotíxDoitJ.yíDoitJ.'m. '); xhex = BaseRadius * [0.0-0.866-0.866 0.0 0.866 0.866 0.0]; yhex = BaseRadius * [1.0 0.500 -0.500 -1.0 -0.500 0.500 1.0]; plot (xhex, yhex, 'w'); for ii = 1_Nc plot (Location (ii, 1), Location (ii, 2), 'wx'); end, end While the invention has been shown and described particularly with reference to its preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (77)

1. A communication system, having a plurality of forward channel communications and a plurality of corresponding reverse channel communications, this system comprises: a zone manager element (20) that includes: a broadcasting element (16), which has a broadcast transmitter (11> 25-B) for transmitting the plurality of forward channel communications, which uses broadband broadcast signals to form a plurality of forward broadcasting channels, a globalizing element (17), for receiving the plurality of corresponding reverse channel communications, a plurality of users (18), each user (18) includes a user receiving element (8> 28-U, 26-U), to receive a different channel forward from the broadcasting elements (16) and include user transmitter elements (8> 26-U, 29-U) for the broadcasting of the reverse channel communications of the user in a different reverse channel of the user, a plurality of collector elements (19), to receive the reverse channel communications of the users (18) and send forward these reverse channel communications to the globalizing element (17) improved characterized by: the broadcasting element (16) broadcasts the plurality of broadcasting channels forward in a broadcasting area (4 > BR-1), the plurality of users (18), is placed within the broadcasting zone (4> BR-1), to supply a plurality of different user reverse channels collectively, as a broadband composite signal, the plurality of collector elements (19) is distributed over the broadcasting zone (4 > BR-1) at spaced locations [4 > C (1: 1), ..., C (l: 16)], so that each of the plurality of collector elements (19) is active to receive the composite signal over at least a portion of the broadcasting zone (4 > BR-1) and that the user's reverse channels for ones [4 > U (1: 2), U (l: l)] of the plurality of users (18) are received by two [4 > C (1:13), ..., C (l: 15) / C (1:15), C (l: 16)] or more of the collecting elements (19), each of the collecting elements (19) ) includes a broadband collector receiver element [9 > 26-C, 27-C, 28-C] to receive the broadband composite signal with the reverse channel communications from the first [4 > U (1: 2), U (1: 1)] of the plurality of users (18), and each of the collecting elements (19) includes forward collecting elements [9 > 26-C, 27-C, 29-C] for the forward sending to the globalizing element (17), the user's reverse channel communications from the first [4 > U (1: 2), U (1: 1)] of the plurality of users (18) as the reverse channel communications of the collector; globalizer element (17), to receive the reverse channel communications of the collector, from the collector elements (19), to supply these corresponding reverse channel communications for each of the first [4 > U (1: 1), U (1: 2)] of the plurality of users (18), as a combination of the reverse channel communications of the collector from two or more collector elements (19).

2. The communication system, according to claim 1, in which the first transmitting elements of the user [8 > 26-U, 29-U], diffuses in user zones [2 > UR (2)], which are substantially smaller than the broadcasting zone [4 > BR-1] and in that a plurality of collector elements [4 > C (1:13), ..., C (l: 15)] are located within the user's zones.

3. The communication system according to claim 1, wherein the broadcasting transmitter [11 > 25-B] can be controlled by varying the transmit power for each forward broadcasting channel, whereby the transmission power and the broadcasting interval for each forward broadcasting channel can be controlled individually.

4. The communication system, according to claim 1, wherein the user's transmitter [8 > 29-U] for each user (18) can be controlled by varying the transmission power of the user's reverse channels, whereby the user interval for each user (18) can be controlled to reach the plurality of collector elements (19). ).

5. The communication system according to claim 1, wherein each collector element (19) includes a measuring element [9 > 27-C], to measure the parameters of the broadcast signals.

6. The communication system according to claim 1, wherein each of the collecting elements (19) includes a measuring element [9 > 27-C], to measure the parameters of the composite signal, to supply the user's parameters.

7. The communication system according to claim 1, wherein each of the collector elements (19) includes a digital signal processor [9 > 52,53] to process the parameters of the signals.

8. The communication system, according to claim 1, wherein the forward collecting element [9 > 26-C, 27-C, 29-C] includes a collector transmitter element [9 > 26-C, 29-C], to transmit the reverse channel communications of the collector, with transmission characteristics that isolate the reverse channel communications from the collector from the user's inverse channel communications.

9. The communication system, according to claim 8, wherein the collector transmitter element [9 > 26-C, 29] includes a broadband transmitter and a wide high-gain, narrow-beam antenna.

10. The communication system according to claim 8, wherein the collector transmitter element [9 > 26-C, 29] includes a horizontally polarized transmitter antenna, for the horizontal polarization of the reverse channel communications of the collector, and in which the user transmitting element [8 > 26-U, 29-U] for each of the plurality of users (18) includes a vertically polarized user's transmitter antenna [8-29-U], for vertical polarization of the user's reverse channel communications, to isolate the user's reverse channel communications from the reverse channel communications of the collector.

11. The communication system according to claim 8, wherein the collector transmitting element [9 > 26-C, 29-C] include a wide-band transmitter and a narrow-beam, horizontal-polarized, high-gain transmitter antenna to horizontally polarize the collector's reverse channel communications, and in which the user's transmitting element [8 > 26-U, 29-U] for each of the plurality of users (18), includes a vertically polarized user's transmitter antenna [8 > 29-U] for the vertical polarization of the user's reverse channel communications, to isolate the user's reverse channel communications from the reverse channel communications of the collector.

12. The communication system according to claim 8, wherein the user's inverse channel communications are within the user's operating spectrum [12 > U1, U2, U3], which has isolation bands between the user's reverse channel communications and the collector transmitter element [9 > 26-C, 29-C] includes a transmitter to transmit the reverse channel communications of the collector with the collector signals in the isolation bands.

13. The communication system according to claim 8, wherein the user's reverse channel communications are within the user's operating spectrum and the transmitting element [9 > 26-C, 29-C] of the collector includes a transmitter to transmit the reverse channel communications of the collector with the signals of the collector displaced to a spectrum of operation of the collector, different from the spectrum of operation of the user.

14. The communication system, according to claim 13, in which transmitting element [9 > 26-C, 29-C] of the collector includes an analog displacement element, to move the user's operating spectrum to the operating spectrum of the collector, and an analog collector transmitter, to transmit the collector signals in the operating spectrum of the collector. manifold.

15. The communication system, according to claim 13, in which transmitting element [9 > 26-C, 29-C] of the collector includes a digital shifting element, to shift the user's operating spectrum to the operating spectrum of the collector, and a digital collector transmitter, to transmit the collector signals in the operating spectrum of the collector. manifold.

16. The communication system, according to claim 8, in which transmitting element [9 > 26-C, 29-C] is a broad-spectrum transmitter, which transmits over a spectrum of the transmitter, and the transmitting element of the user [8 > 26-U, 29-U], for each of the plurality of users (18), has a user spectrum that is a portion of the transmitter's spectrum.

17. The communication system, according to claim 8, wherein the transmitting element [9 > 26-C, 29-C] is a time division multiple access transmitter and the user transmitting element [8 > 2ß-U, 29-U] for each of the plurality of users (18) is a multiple time-division access transmitter.

18. The communication system according to claim 1, wherein the forward channel communications and the reverse channel communications employ multiple access elements.

19. The communication system according to claim 18, wherein the multiple access elements are multiple coding division access elements.

20. The communication system according to claim 18, wherein the multiple access elements are multiple space division access elements.

21. The communication system according to claim 18, wherein the multiple access elements are multiple frequency division access elements.

22. The communication system according to claim 18, wherein the multiple access elements are multiple time division access elements.

23. The communication system according to claim 1, wherein the reverse channel communications of particular users, broadcast from a transmitting element of the particular user [8 > 26-U, 29-U], as they are received by the particular collector elements (19), and in that these particular collector elements (19) each send forward channel communications of the particular collector, corresponding to the communications of the user's reverse channel to the globalizing element (17), and in that this globalizing element (17) includes a globalizing process element [10 > 27A-1, ..., N] to process the inverse channel communications of the particular collector from the particular collector elements (19), to form the inverse channel communications of the globalizer as a representation of the user's inverse channel communications.

24. The communication system, according to claim 23, wherein the globalizing processor element [10 > 27A-1, ..., N] includes a digital signal processor element of the globalizer, to supply the inverse channel communications of the globalizer, in which the non-encoded bit error rate for the reverse channel communications of the globalizer is intensified on the unencrypted bit error rate for the user's reverse channel communications received in a particular one of the collector elements (19).

25. The communication system, according to claim 23, wherein the globalizing processor element [10 > 27A-1, ..., N] includes a digital signal processor element of the globalizer, to process the reverse channel communications of the particular collector, from one of the particular collector elements (19), to form the reverse channel communications of the globalizer as a representation of the user's reverse channel communications.

26. The communication system of claim 25, wherein the digitalizing signal element of the globalizer includes: a digital signal processor, a synchronization code, which can be executed by this digital signal processor, to synchronize the reverse channel communications of the particular collector, from a particular collector element (19), a positioning element, for processing the reverse process channel communications for a particular user (18), from a plurality of collector elements (19) to determine the location of the particular user.

27. The communication system, according to claim 23, wherein the processor element of the globalizer [10 > 27A-1, ..., N] includes a selection element, for selecting one of the reverse channel communications of the particular collector, from one of the particular collector elements (19), to form the inverse channel communications of the globalizer as a representation of the user's reverse channel communications.

28. The communication system according to claim 27, wherein the selection element includes: a digital signal processor, a synchronization code, which can be executed by this digital signal processor, to synchronize the reverse channel communications of the particular collector , from a particular collector element (19), a measurement code, which can be executed by the digital signal processor, to measure the reverse channel communications of the collector from one of the particular collector elements (19), to supply measured characteristics, a selection code, which can be executed by the digital signal processor, to select one of the reverse channel communications of the particular collector from the particular collector element (19), based on the measured characteristics.

29. The communication system, according to claim 23, wherein the processor element of the globalizer [10 > 27A-1, ..., N] includes a combination element, to combine the reverse channel communications of particular collectors, from one of the particular collector elements (19), to form the inverse channel communications of the globalizer as a representation of the user's reverse channel communications.

30. The communication system according to claim 29, wherein the combining element includes: a digital signal processor, a synchronization code, which can be executed by this digital signal processor, to synchronize the reverse channel communications of the particular collector, from one of the particular collector elements (19), a measurement code, which can be executed by the digital signal processor, to measure the reverse channel communications of the collector from one of the particular collector elements (19), to supply characteristics Measures, a combination code, can be executed by the digital signal processor element, to combine the reverse channel communications of the particular collector from a particular collector element (19), to supply combined signals.

31. The communication system, according to claim 1, in which a particular user (18) is mobile and travels from a first location, in the broadcasting area [4 > BR1] to a second location in the broadcasting area [4 > BR1], the transmitting element for a particular user (18) broadcasts inverse channel communications of the particular user and wherein: in a first location, the reverse channel communications of a particular user are received by a first group of a particular collecting element. (19) and where each collector element (19) of the first group of a particular collector element (19) sends forward to the globalizing element (17), the first reverse channel communications of the particular collector, which correspond to the reverse channel communications of the particular user, in the second location, the inverse channel communications of a particular user are received by the second group of a particular collector element (19) and where each collector element (19) of the second group of a particular collector element (19) sends forward to the globalizing element (17) second reverse channel communications of a particular collector, corresponding to the communications inverse channel settings of a particular user; the globalizing element (17) receives the first and second reverse channel communications of a particular collector and includes process elements [10 > 27A-1, ..., N] of the globalizer, to process the first and second inverse channel communications of a particular collector, to form the inverse channel communications of the globalizer, as a representation of the user's inverse channel communications.

32. The communication system according to claim 31, in which one or more collector elements (19) are common to the first and the second group.

33. The communication system, according to claim 31, wherein the transmitting element [8 > 26-U, 29-U] of the user, for a particular user (18), broadcasts in a user area, which is substantially less than the broadcasting area [4 > BR1] and which moves when a particular user moves from the first location to the second location and where, in the first location, the first group of particular collector elements (19) is located within the user's area and where, in the second location, the second group of particular collector elements (19) is located within the user's area.

34. The communication system according to claim 31, in which the broadcasting transmitter can be controlled, to vary the transmission power for each forward broadcasting channel, whereby the transmission power and the broadcasting interval for each channel of broadcasting. forward broadcasting can be controlled individually, where, when the particular user (18) is in the first location, a particular forward broadcast channel has a first power level, so that this broadcast interval extends to the first location and where, when the particular user (18) is in the second location, the particular forward broadcast channel has a second power level, so that the broadcast interval extends to the second location.

35. The communication system, according to claim 31, in which the user's transmitter for the particular user can be controlled by varying the transmission power of a reverse channel of the particular user, • for this particular user, whereby the user interval for this particular user (18) can be controlled and where, when the particular user (18) is in the first location, the reverse channel of the particular user has a first level of power, so that the range of the user extends to the first group of a particular one of the collector elements (19) and where, when the particular user is in the second location, this reverse channel of the particular user has a second power level, so that the user interval extends to the second group of the particular collector elements (19).

36. The communication system according to claim 31, wherein the collector transmitter element [9 > 26-C, 29-C] is a transmitter for transmitting the reverse channel communications of the collector, with transmission characteristics that isolate these reverse channel communications from the collector, from the user's inverse channel communications.

37. The communication system according to claim 1, which includes a region manager element (21), for communication between a network (10) and a region (11) with a plurality of forward channel communications from the network (10). ) to the broadcasting element (16) and with a plurality of reverse channel communications corresponding to the network (19) from the globalizing element (17)

38. The communication system, according to claim 1, for communication between a network (10) and one or more regions with a plurality of forward channel communications from the network (10) and with a plurality of reverse channel communications corresponding to network (10), and the system includes: one or more elements (21) region managers, one for each region, to control communications within a corresponding region (11); and for each particular region, a plurality of area manager elements (20), for handling communications in a plurality of broadcasting areas [15 > BR (1: -), BR (2: -)], respectively; each element (20) zone manager includes, for a corresponding broadcasting area, broadcasting elements (16) and globalizing elements (17); for each broadcasting zone, a plurality of users (18); and a plurality of collector arrays, one for each broadcasting zone [15 > BR (1: -), BR (2: -)], each of the collector formations (13) includes, for the corresponding broadcasting area, a plurality of collector elements (19), distributed over the corresponding broadcasting area in spaced locations.

39. The communication system according to claim 38, wherein the zone manager element (20) includes control elements, for assigning a forward channel of broadcasting and a reverse channel of the user for a particular user (18) under the control of the administrator regional.

40. The communication system according to claim 38, wherein the region manager element (21) includes elements for assigning forward channels and reverse channels with the reuse pattern.

41. The communication system according to claim 38, wherein the region manager element (21) stores a fixed pattern of reuse and the element (20) zone manager includes a control element, to assign a forward broadcasting channel and a user reverse channel, for a particular user (18), in accordance with the fixed reuse pattern, under the control of the administrator of region.

42. The communication system according to claim 38, wherein the region manager element (21) includes a dynamic control element for dynamic channel allocation and wherein the zone manager element (20) includes a control element for assigning a forward broadcasting channel and a user reverse channel, for a particular user (18), according to the dynamic channel allocation, under the control of the region manager.

43. The communication system according to claim 42, wherein the region manager element (21) includes a historical database and where the dynamic control element executes the dynamic channel allocation as a function of the data from the database historical

44. The communication system according to claim 43, wherein the region manager element (21) includes a location element and an element for updating the historical database with the location data from the location element.

45. The communication system according to claim 42, wherein the region manager element (21) includes movement elements for determining the direction and speed of a particular user (18), and in which the dynamic control element executes the dynamic allocation of channel as a function of the direction and speed of the particular user.

46. The communication system according to claim 38, in which the particular user (18) is one of the users (18) and travels from a first of the broadcasting areas [15 > BR (1: -), BR (2. -)] to a second of the broadcasting areas [15 > BR (1: -), BR (2. -)] and where the region manager element (21) includes a control element for assigning a first forward broadcasting channel and a first reverse channel of the user (18) for a particular user (18) for the first zone and for assigning a second forward broadcasting channel and a second reverse channel of the user (18) for a particular user (18) for the second zone.

47. The communication system according to claim 38, in which a particular user (18) is mobile and travels from a first broadcasting area [15 > BR (1 :-) BR (2 :-)] to a second broadcasting area [15 > BR (1 :-) BR (2 :-)] and wherein: the plurality of collector arrays (13) includes: a first collector array (13), corresponding to the first broadcasting zone, having a plurality of first elements (19) collectors for supplying a plurality of first user signals from the reverse channel communications of the user of a particular user, and a second array (13) of collectors, corresponding to the second broadcasting area, which has a plurality of second collector elements (19), for supplying a plurality of second user signals from the inverse channel communications of the user of the particular user, lurality of elements (20) zone managers includes: a first administrator element (20) of zone, for the first broadcasting area, which includes a first globalizing element (17), to receive and process the plurality of first signals of the user to form a first globalized signal, a second zone management element (20), for the second zone Broadcasting, which includes a second globalizing element (17) to receive and process the plurality of second user signals to form a second globalized signal, these one or more region manager elements (21) include: a first administrator element (21) region, for a region (11), m including a first broadcasting area and the second broadcasting area, this region manager element (21) includes, a control element, for assigning a first forward channel and a first reverse channel for the particular user (18) in the first broadcasting area and for assigning a second forward channel and a second reverse channel for the peer user ticular (18) in the second broadcasting zone, an element for receiving the first and second globalized signals, an element for controlling the transfer of the particular user (18) from the first channel forward and the first reverse channel to the second forward channel and the second inverse channel, as a function of the first and second globalized signals.

48. The communication system according to claim 47, wherein the element for controlling the transfer includes an element for detecting the strength of the first and second globalized signals and for allowing the transfer to occur when the strength of the second globalized signal is greater than the strength of the first globalized signal.

49. The communication system according to claim 47, wherein the region manager element (21) includes a location element, for determining the location of the particular user (18) and the element for controlling the transfer includes an element for detecting the resistance of the first and second globalized signals for determination when the transfer occurs, as a function of the strength of the first and second globalized signals and the location of the particular user.

50. The communication system according to claim 47, wherein the region manager element (21) includes a historical database for the storage of location data, which represent the strengths of the signals as a function of the location and the element to control the transfer determines when the transfer occurs as a function of the location of the particular user (18) and the data from the historical database.

51. The communication system according to claim 50, wherein the region manager element (21) includes an element for updating the historical database with the location data, from the location element.

52. The communication system according to claim 47, wherein the region manager element (21) includes elements of movement to determine the direction and speed of a particular user and to determine when the transfer occurs as a function of the direction and speed of the user. particular user.

53. The communication system according to claim 38, in which a particular user (18) is mobile and travels from the first of the broadcasting areas [15 > BR (1: -), BR (2.-)] to a second of the broadcasting areas [15 > BR (1: -), BR (2. -)], between one or more additional broadcasting areas [15 > BR (1: -), BR (2. -)] and wherein: the plurality of collector formations (13) includes: a first collector formation (13), corresponding to the first broadcasting area, which has a plurality of first elements (19) collectors for supplying a plurality of first user signals from the inverse channel communications of the user of a particular user, and one or more additional arrays (13) of collectors, corresponding to one or more additional zones Broadcasting [15 > BR (1: -), BR (2. -)], each has a plurality of one or more additional collector elements (18) to supply a plurality of one or more additional user signals from the user's reverse channel communications of the particular user, this one or more additional collector arrays (13) include a second collector array (13), which corresponds to the second broadcasting zone, having a plurality of second collector elements (19), to supply a plurality of second user signals from the inverse channel communications of the user of a particular user, lurality of elements (20) zone managers includes: a first element (20) zone manager, for the first broadcasting area, which includes a first globalizing element (17), for receiving and processing the plurality of first user signals to form a first globalized signal, one or more additional elements (20) administrated zones, for the one or more additional broadcasting areas [15 > BR (1: -), BR (2 -)], which include one or more additional globalization elements, to receive and process the plurality of one or more additional user signals to form one or more additional globalized signals, this one or more additional elements (20) zone managers include a second element (20) zone manager for the second broadcasting zone, which includes a second globalizing element (17) to receive and process the plurality of second user signals to form a second globalized signal, this one or more elements (21) region managers include: a first element (21) region manager, for a region (11), which includes a first broadcasting area and one or more additional zones Broadcasting [15 >; BR (1: -), BR (2: -)] that include the second broadcasting zone, this region management element (21) comprises: a control element, to assign a first forward channel and a first reverse channel for the particular user (18) in the first broadcasting area and for assigning a second forward channel and a second reverse channel for the particular user (18) in the second broadcasting area, an element for receiving the first and one or more additional globalized signals, including the second globalized signal, an element for controlling the transfer of the particular user (18) from the first forward channel and the first reverse channel to the second forward channel and the second reverse channel, as a function of the first and one or more additional globalized signals, which include the second globalized signal

54. The communication system according to claim 53, wherein the element for controlling the transfer includes an element for detecting the strength of the first and one or more additional globalized signals and for selecting the second globalized signal from among one or more additional globalized signals and to allow the transfer to occur when the strength of the second globalized signal is greater than the strength of the first globalized signal.

55. The communication system according to claim 53, wherein the region manager element (21) includes a location element, for determining the location of the particular user (18) and the element for controlling the transfer includes an element for detecting the resistance of the first and one or more additional globalized signals and to select the second globalized signal from between one or more additional globalized signals and for the determination when the transfer occurs, as a function of the strength of the first and second globalized signals and the location of the particular user.

56. The communication system according to claim 53, wherein the region manager element (21) includes a location element, to determine the location of the particular user (18) and the element to control the transfer includes an element to indicate which one particular of the zone manager elements (20) will be active, to detect inverse channel communications from the particular user (18), based on the proximity of the user (18) to the particular zone administrators.

57. The communication system according to claim 53, wherein the region manager element (21) includes a historical database, for storing the location data which represent signal strengths as a function of the location and the elements for controlling the location. Transfer determines when this transfer occurs, as a function of the location of the particular user (18) and the data from the historical database.

58. The communication system according to claim 53, wherein the region manager element (21) includes a pair element updating the historical database with location data from the location element.

59. The communication system according to claim 47, wherein the region manager element (21) includes a movement element, for determining the direction and speed of a particular user (18) and for determining when the transfer occurs, as a function of the address and speed of the particular user.

60. The communication system according to claim 38, in which a particular user (18) is mobile and travels from a first location, in the broadcasting areas [4 > BR (1: -), BR (2: -)] to a second location in the broadcasting areas [4 > BR (1: -), BR (2: -)], the transmitting element for a particular user (18) broadcasts inverse channel communications of the particular user and wherein: in a first location, the reverse channel communications of a user particular are received by a first group of a particular collector element (19) and where each collector element (19) of the first group of a particular collector element (19) sends forward to the globalizer element (17), the first reverse channel communications of the particular collector, which correspond to the inverse channel communications of the particular user; in the second location, the inverse channel communications of a particular user are received by the second group of a particular collector element. (19) and wherein each collector element (19) of the second group of a particular collector element (19) sends forward to the globalizer element (17) second reverse channel communications of a particular collector, which correspond to the reverse channel communications of a private user; the globalizing element (17) receives the first and second reverse channel communications of a particular collector and includes process elements [10 > 27A-1, ..., N] of the globalizer, for, processing the first and second inverse channel communications of a particular collector, to form the inverse channel communications of the globalizer, as a representation of the user's inverse channel communications .

61. The communication system according to claim 60, in which one or more collector elements (19) are common to the first group and the second group.

62. The communication system, according to claim 60, in which the transmitting element [8 > 26-U, 29-U] of the user, for a particular user (18), broadcasts in an area of the user, which is substantially less than the broadcasting area [15 > BR (1: -), BR (2: -)] and that moves when a particular user moves from the first location to the second location and where, in the first location, the first group of particular collector elements (19) it is located within the user's area and where, in the second location, the second group of particular collector elements (19) is located within the user's area.

63. The communication system according to claim 60, wherein the broadcast transmitter can be controlled by varying the transmit power for each forward broadcasting channel, whereby the transmission power and the broadcasting interval for each broadcasting channel forward can be controlled individually, where, when the particular user (18) is in the first location, a particular forward broadcasting channel has a first power level, so that this broadcasting interval extends to the first location and where , when the particular user (18) is in the second location, the particular forward broadcast channel has a second power level, so that the broadcast interval extends to the second location.

64. The communication system, according to claim 60, in which the user's transmitter for the particular user, can be controlled by varying the transmission power of a particular user's reverse channel, for this particular user, whereby the user's range for this particular user (18) can be controlled and where, when the particular user (18) is in the first location, the reverse channel of the particular user has a first power level, so that the user's range extends to the first group of a particular one of the collector elements (19) and where, when the particular user (18) is in the second location, this reverse channel of the particular user has a second power level, so that the user's range extends to the second group of the individual collector elements (19).

65. The communication system, according to claim 60, in which the collector transmitter element [9 > 26-C, 29-C] is a transmitter for transmitting reverse channel communications of the collector, with transmission characteristics that isolate these reverse channel communications from the collector, from the user's inverse channel communications.

66. The communication system according to claim 38, in which a particular user (18) can move and travel from one of the broadcasting areas [15 > BR (1: -), BR (2: -)] to another of the broadcasting areas [15 > BR (1 :-), BR (2 :-)]

67. The communication system according to claim 66, wherein the collector elements (19) are placed with a non-uniform spacing.

68. The communication system according to claim 66, in which the collector elements (19) are placed at different heights.

69. The communication system, according to claim 66, in which the users (18) in a particular broadcasting area [15 > BR (1: -), BR (2: -)], are placed more densely in a first area and less densely in a second area, and where a greater number of collector elements (19) are placed within the first area in comparison with the second area.

70. The communication system according to claim 66, wherein the region manager element (21) includes elements for dynamically assigning forward and reverse channels.

71. The communication system according to claim 66, wherein the region manager element (21) includes elements for assigning forward channels and reverse channels with a reuse pattern.

72. A method of communications, having a plurality of forward channel communications and a plurality of corresponding reverse channel communications, this method comprises: broadcasting, with the broadcasting elements (16), which have a broadcast transmitter in a zone manager element (20), the plurality of forward channel communications, which use broadband broadcast signals, to form a plurality of forward broadcast channels, receive , with the globalizing element (17) in the zone manager element (29), the plurality of corresponding reverse channel communications, to receive, for each of the plurality of users (18) a different forward channel communication, from the broadcasting element (16) and, for each of the users (18), broadcasting reverse channel communications from the user in a different reverse channel of the user, receiving, for each one of the plurality of collectors (19) of reverse channel communications from the users (18) and, for each of the plurality of collector elements (19), send forward the reverse channel communications to the globalizing element (17), to characterized by: broadcasting with the broadcasting element (16), the plurality of forward broadcasting channels in a broadcasting area, providing a plurality of different user reverse channels collectively as a broadband composite signal, from the plurality of users (18) placed in the broadcasting area, receiving the composite signal, for each of the plurality of collector elements (19), distributed over the radio broadcasting area. in spaced locations, so that each of the plurality of collector elements (19) is active over a portion of the broadcasting area and so the user's reverse channels for each of the plurality of users (18) are received. by two or more of the collector elements (19), receiving with the broadband collector reception element, the broadband composite signal with the reverse channel communications, from the first of the plurality of users (18), and send forward to the globalizer element (17) for each of two or more collector elements (19 (, which include the forward sending elements of collectors [9 > 26-C, 27-C, 29-C], the user's reverse channel communications, from each of the plurality of users (18), as reverse channel collector communications; receiving, with the globalizing element (17), the reverse channel communications of the collector, from the collector elements (19), to supply the corresponding reverse channel communications for each of the plurality of users (18), as a combination of the reverse channel communications of the collector, from two or more collector elements (19).

73. The communication system, according to claim 72, in which the first transmitting elements of the user [8 > 26-U, 29-U], broadcast in areas of the user that are substantially smaller than the broadcasting area and in which a plurality of collector elements are located within the user's zones.

74. The communication system according to claim 72, further comprising varying the transmission power for each of the forward broadcasting channels, whereby the transmission power and the broadcasting interval for each forward broadcasting channel, is They can control individually.

75. The communication system according to claim 72, further comprising varying the transmit power of the user's reverse channels, whereby the user interval for each user can be controlled by reaching a plurality of collector elements (19).

76. The communication system according to claim 72, further comprising measuring, in each of the collector elements (19), the parameters of the broadcast signals.

77. The communication system according to claim 72, further comprising measuring, in each collector element (19), the parameters of the composite signal, to supply the user's parameters.