MXPA98003015A - Ripardadapreestablec mature red jitomate plants - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides red tomato plants of delayed maturation, pre-established. The plants are hybrids derived from a preestablished maternal line of unripe

Description

Red Tomato Plants of Pre-established Delayed Ripening.

AREA OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates in general to the planting and development of tomato plants. More specifically, the invention relates to new hybrid plants of red tomatoes that have a fruit of delayed maturation and a pre-established habitat.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Tomato plants having a pre-established growth constitution are particularly desired by farmers, because the plants are shorter and have an earlier concentrated flowering. This habitat of growth is generally recognized for being conferred by the presence of the sp allele (Tigchelaar, Tomato Breeding (Tomato Breeding) In: M. J. Bassett, ed. Breeding Vegetable Crops ACI, estport, CT, 1986). The pre-established characteristic is important from an economic point of view, since the concentrated flowering results in a group of concentrated fruits, which means reduced harvest costs because more fruits are harvested per harvest. In extreme southern and northern latitudes, the full production potential of indeterminate varieties is realized due to frost. In tropical and sub-tropical areas, the full potential of production of indeterminate varieties due to the attack of diseases is not fully reached. In each of these situations, the use of pre-established varieties increases the probability of realizing a full production potential. Most commercial varieties of red tomato are indeterminate. { for ex. , cherry red, gourd tomato, sweet red tomato, Sweet 100, Sweet Chelsea). Several pre-established varieties of commercial red tomatoes have been developed. { for ex. , Baxter 's Early Bush, Big Cherry and Mountain Bell that are available for ex. , at Tomato Growers Supply Co., Fort Meyers, Florida, and at Rogers NK Seed Co., Boise, Idaho). More recently, new pre-established varieties of red tomato have been developed. { for ex. , EY 12, EY 14, EY 15, Zeraim Gedera, Gedera, Israel) but their status as commercial or garden varieties has not been established. Another desirable characteristic in tomato crops is the fruit of delayed ripening. The BR 124, BR 140 (available from Hazera Seed Co., Rehovot, Israel) and FA 138 (available in Zeraim Gedera, Gedera, Israel) are known varieties of red tomatoes with delayed ripening. All these varieties are indeterminate. In tomato, the main value of the fruit of delayed maturation or non-ripening refers to the quality of the fruit (flavor, shelf life) and durability. Since the fruit that matures in the vine of the normal varieties of tomato usually can not survive the hardness of the harvest, packing and transport (due to its lack of firmness), the tomatoes generally available in the market are harvested in their green stage, that is, when they are firmer, but have not yet obtained the flavor at their point. The delayed ripening allows the tomato to achieve the point in flavor while still maintaining enough firmness to survive the harvest, packing and transport. In the tomato, several mutations have been presented that retard or inhibit maturation. These include dg, Nr, ñor and rin (Tigchelaar and Stevens, Plant Breeding Reviews 4: 273-311 (1986).) These mutations are thought to disrupt the normal acteric ripening pattern of the tomato fruit, the best characterized of these mutations being In terms of inheritance and phenotype, both mutations are similar.In the homozygous state, the ñor and rin fruits do not fully mature and therefore refer to non-maturing plants.In the heterozygous state, these mutations give delayed maturation results (compared to the normal maturation of the wild type fruit) This intermediate phenotype means that the mutations are semi-dominant (Kopeliovitch et al., J. A er. Soc. Hort. Sci. 107 (3): 361-364 (1982)). The inhibition of ripening that is reported in the Alcobaca tomato line has been shown to be caused by a mutation that is an allele of Ñor (Lobo et al., J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 109: 741-745 (1984 )). The Nr mutation results in a fruit that does not fully mature (it only gets a pale orange) and can be the basis of the long shelf life of the Longkeeper variety. Like the other mutations, the dg mutation has not been characterized either. The mutation seems to delay the softening of the fruit (Tong et al., J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 114: 635-638 (1989)). Several varieties of elongated fruit, delayed maturing, preset (eg, BR 84 (Hazera Seed Co.), Rik-based Pik Ripe (Peto Seed Co., Saticoy, CA) and Lenor and Elenor based on Mr. (Pioneer Seed Co., Woodland, CA.)). However, the prior art lacks pre-established red tomato varieties of delayed maturation. The present invention relates to these and other needs.

Definitions As used herein, the term "red tomato" is used to refer to tomato varieties that have a mature fruit weight in the range of about 10 to about 30 grams, typically between about 15 and about 25 grams. The mature fruit has a diameter between about 1.9 to about 3.8 cm. , typically between about 2.5 and 3.0 cm. The shape of the red tomato is usually round to slightly elliptical (ie, the width of the fruit and the length of the fruit are approximately equivalent). The fruit of the red tomato differs from the pear-like varieties of the small fruit, since it is the pear-like fruit that is completely elliptical (that is, the length of the fruit is greater than the width of the fruit) and of other varieties by virtue of the diameter and weight of the fruit. inferior fruit. Red tomatoes are sometimes referred to as Lycopersicon esculentum var. Cerasiform It is generally accepted that the cultivated tomato lines have been derived from the var. Cerasiform through acclimatization (Jenkins, Econ. Bot. 2: 379-392 (1948)). The main differences between the cerasiform type and the standard tomato crops is that the fruit of the cerasiform type is less than half the size of the cultivated forms (see Rick Econ. Bot.12: 346-367 (1958)). The cerasiform type can also be distinguished from the cultivated type by means of the presence of a stigma slightly projected on the flowers (Taylor, Biosystematics of The Tomato (Tomato Biosystematics) In: Atherton and Rudish, eds The Tomato Crop, Chapman and Hail , NY, NY, 1986). The smallest size of the fruit is probably the main reason why some varieties of red tomato are designated as cerasiform type. The term "pre-established constitution" is used here to refer to the growth of tomato varieties that have two or fewer nodes between the blossoms. Plants that have a pre-established constitution! they can be distinguished from indeterminate types, which have three or more nodes between each bloom. { see, Tigchelaar, supra). As used herein, the terms "delayed maturation" and "delayed maturation" refer to tomato plants that are heterozygous for an allele that inhibits the maturation of the fruit of the plant. The fruit of the plants that are homozygous for the allele do not mature, and they are referred to as non-maturing. As discussed previously, such alleles include dg, Nr, ñor and rin. Generally, the delayed maturing tomatoes of the invention are distinguished from the plants of normal maturation because at least 50% more of the salable fruit remains after 15 days of storage at 20 ° C in the plants delayed in maturing. The precise phenotype of a plant that has the characteristic of delayed maturation will depend on the particular gene. A summary of the phenotypes of plants that have several alleles is presented in Table 1.

TABLE 1 Mutan is tomato ripening.

Name Chromosome Phenotype of the fruit horaocigotß for the mutation Maturation inhibitor The fruit does not mature completely and it (rin) softens very slowly. The final color of the fruit is yellow. The fruit lacks the normal flavor of the tomato and is stored for a very long time Not ripe 10 Similar to rin but the final fruit is pale orange Never mature The final color of the fruit is orange (Nr) and softens slowly.

Greenflesh The ripe fruit has a red color with (fff) coffee. The loss of chlorophyll is incomplete. Yellowflesh The ripe fruit is yellow. (r) Licopine is not synthesized. The fruit is otherwise normal. Alcobaca 10 The ripe fruit stuck to the vine is pale red (ale) The flavor is almost normal but its storage capacity increases due to a slow index of softening. The fruit that is harvested green shows a respiration and reduced production of ethylene. Matures with a yellow color. Long eeper 10 The fruit ripens obtaining a golden, orange and red color. The activity of polygalacturonase, softening and carotenoid synthesis greatly reduced. The fruit can be stored for a long period of time.

Tangerine 10 The fruit has a color rich in (t) tangerine due to the replacement of licopine with prolipicopin. The fruit is otherwise normal. Uniform ripening 10 The immature fruit lacks a greenish black elbow.

(From Grierson and Kader, Fruit Ripening and Quali ty (Quality and ripening of the fruit) In: Atherton and Rudich, eds The Tomato Crop, Chapman and Hail, NY, NY, 1986).

As used herein, a plant, seed or fruit is "derived from" a second plant if it grows directly or indirectly from the second plant. So, a derived plant can be a generation F? or more removed, produced by means of standard reproduction techniques using the second plant as a mother. Alternatively, the derived plant can result from the in vitro culture of the second plant tissue, using standard plant regeneration and tissue culture techniques.

COMPENDIUM OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides hybrid plants of red tomato having a fruit of delayed maturation and constitution of pre-established growth. Usually, the plants of the invention result from the crossing of a first innate red tomato plant, which has a certain growth constitution, with a second red tomato plant that comes from an innate line that has a fruit of non-ripening and constitution. of pre-established growth. A preferred line for this purpose is 91047-15 (ATCC Access no.). As used here, a line is considered to be innate even if it is an "open pollinated" line as a result of open field seed production. The first maternal line can be any proprietary or commercially available red tomato, which has a pre-established growth constitution. An exemplary line is NC 2C. An exemplary hybrid produced from these lines is 94478 (ATCC Access no.). The invention also provides fruits and seeds of red tomato produced by said hybrids or maternal lines of non-ripening. In addition, the invention provides red tomato seeds that can be grown to produce a hybrid plant of the invention. The invention also provides methods for making a hybrid red tomato having a fruit of delayed maturation and constitution of pre-established growth. The methods include crossing a first red tomato plant, which has a pre-established growth constitution, with a second red tomato plant that comes from an innate line that has a non-ripening fruit and a pre-established growth constitution. The Ft plants that have a fruit of delayed maturation and a pre-established constitution of growth are then selected.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED MODALITIES The hybrids of the invention are produced with the cross of a pre-established maternal first line with a second maternal pre-established line of non-maturation. A second adequate maternal line is produced by crossing a pedigree selection to identify progeny that have the desired characteristics. In particular, a second leader line used to make the hybrids of the invention must be homozygous for a mutation that confers a non-maturation characteristic (eg, rin or Ñor). A preferred line for this purpose is the innate line 91047-15 (the seed of this line has been deposited in the American Type Cul ture Collection [Rockville, Maryland, American Type Collection]. This line was identified in generation F3 from a population of segregation BR 124 when the hybrids, which were crossed in trial, among the F3 plants selected at random, were crossed with Baxter 's Early Bush. The BR 124 is an indeterminate hybrid between a non-ripening line and a normal ripening line. It is heterozygous for the sp allele, which confers a pre-established growth constitution. The 91047-15 or another (second) maternal line can be used to produce red tomato hybrid plants that have a fruit of delayed maturation and constitution of pre-established growth. The methods of the invention can be used to produce hybrid plants of red tomato with any other desired characteristic, such as disease resistance, improved tomato flavor and the like. Typically, the methods include crossing a suitable first maternal line of red tomato, having a pre-established constitution conferred by the presence of the sp allele, with a second preset maternal line of non-maturation. The lines suitable for the first maternal line include, but are not limited to, NC 1C and NC 2C (available at North Carolina State University), Baxter's Early Bush, Big Cherry and Mountain Bell (available in eg, Tomato Growers Supply Co., Fort Meyers, Florida, and in Rogers NK Seed Co., Boise, Idaho). In some embodiments, the second maternal line may be the male mother as described for example in U.S. Pat. No. 4,843,186. Generation F is then examined for the presence of delayed fruit and indeterminate constitution maturing in a single plant. The pre-established characteristic is identified by determining the number of nodes between each bloom. The pre-established plants will have two or fewer knots, the indeterminate plants will have three or more knots. The characteristic of delayed maturation will be identified by the slower ripening compared to the wild-type plants. As indicated previously, the second maternal plant is homozygous for an allele that confers the characteristic of non-maturation. The terms used here to describe the maturity of the tomato fruit are in accordance with the standard maturity classes that are described, for example, in The Tomato Crop (Tomato Crop), Atherton and Rudich eds. (Chapman Hall, 1986). The maturity classes for a given fruit are set forth in Table 2.

Table 2 Score Class Description Green Entirely dark green to light, but mature. Breaker First appearance external color pink, red or yellow coffee, no more than 10%. Turning about 10%, but not more than 30% red, pink or yellow coffee. Pink About 30%, but not more than 60% pinkish or red. Light red About 60%, but not more than 90% red. 6 Red Over 90% red, desirable table maturation.

In the second maternal line, the characteristic of non-maturation is typically characterized by the fruit that does not become completely red. Usually, even when fully ripe, the fruit only has a yellow to pinkish yellow color. The characteristic is expressed in the whole fruit, and the fruit will not tear due to old age on the scale of a wild type line. In the hybrid, the full red color is achieved but this occurs at a slower rate compared to the wild type lines. The production of an exemplary hybrid, 94478, is described below. The seed of this hybrid has been deposited in the American Type Cul ture Collection (American Type Culture Collection), Rockville, Maryland. This hybrid has a normal shape, with a medium canopy and a semi-erect constitution. The stem has intermediate branches. The flange of the blade is serrated or surface ridged, and shows a slight marginal winding approximately midway through the season. The surface of the main leaflets is rough with normal pubescence. The flowers are composed with an average of approximately eight flowers per flowering. The flowers have yellow corollas and the chalice is normal with awl-shaped lobes, which are approximately equal in length to the corolla. The fruit has two to three locules and are round in cross section. The ends of the stem and the flower are flat. The pistil scar is a point.

Examples I. Production of the maternal line 910475-15 As indicated above, the 910475-15 is a selection of BR 124 based on the development of the cross in test, and of horticultural type. This is a pre-established red tomato line of non-ripening with prolific fruit production. To obtain the line, the BT 124 hybrid was self-pollinated and the resulting F2 plants were customized to obtain the F3 generation. The population in each generation comprised approximately 1000 plants. The randomly selected F3 plants were used in test crosses with the Baxter 's Early Bush. In addition to using the pollen from the F3 plants for the test crosses, each randomly selected plant was self-pollinated. With the evaluation of test hybrids in the field, several test hybrids were identified. This finding indicated that the BR 124 hybrid is heterozygous at the sp position. It is also possible to identify a pre-established line at least 12 months earlier than would have been possible using a conventional method of procreation. The seed derived from the personalization of the F3 plants was planted, and the innate line 91047-15 was selected. When plants F4 91047-15 grew, it was observed that the fruit was not ripe.

II. Production of healing hybrids. reloaded, determined. A cross block was installed in the greenhouse to make useful hybrids for evaluation. These hybrids were created with the F4 seed of the pre-established lines of non-maturation crossed with innate, publicly available red tomato lines. Subsequent hybrids were evaluated in the field. A number of red tomato hybrids was produced using several pre-established lines and line 91047-15 as mothers. A sensory panel concluded that two of these hybrids developed BR 124 in sensory evaluations. One such hybrid, 94478, is a cross between NC 2C and 91047-15. A second hybrid, 94475, is a cross between 91150 and 91047-15 (91150 is a selection of P860279-2 obtained from Jay Scott at the University of Florida). The above examples are provided to illustrate the invention but not to limit its scope. Other variants of the invention will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, and are encompassed by the following claims. All publications, patents and patent applications cited herein are incorporated by reference for all purposes.

Claims (17)

1. Claims 1. A hybrid tomato red plant, which has a fruit of delayed maturation and constitution of pre-established growth.
2. 2. The red tomato hybrid plant, according to claim 1, which results from the crossing of a first red tomato plant, which has a pre-established growth constitution, with a second red tomato plant that is a line 91047-15 (ATCC Access No.).
3. 3. The hybrid plant according to claim 2, wherein the first red tomato plant is NC 2C.
4. 4. A red tomato fruit produced by the hybrid plant of claim 1.
5. 5. A red tomato seed produced by the hybrid plant of claim 1.
6. 6. The hybrid plant according to claim 1, which is the 94478 (ATCC Access no.).
7. 7. The red tomato seed, which can be grown to produce a hybrid plant according to claim 1.
8. 8. Innate red tomato line 91047-15 (ATCC Access no.).
9. 9. Red tomato seed of a plant of the red tomato line of claim 8.
10. 10. A red tomato plant derived from the red tomato line of claim 8.
11. 11. Hybrid tomato red plant 94478 (ATCC Access no.).
12. 12. Tomato red seed of the plant of claim 11.
13. 13. Fruit of the red tomato of the plant of claim 11.
14. 14. A method to create a hybrid red tomato, which has a fruit of delayed maturation and constitution of growth pre-established, said method comprises: crossing a first red tomato plant, which has a pre-established growth constitution, and a second red tomato plant that comes from a line that has a non-ripening fruit and a pre-established growth constitution; and selecting plants F that have a fruit of delayed maturation and constitution of pre-established growth.
15. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the first red tomato plant is NC 2C.
16. 16. The method according to claim 14, wherein the second plant comes from line 91047-15 (ATCC Access no. ).
17. 17. A red tomato plant obtained by the method of claim 14.