MXPA98001954A - Balanced load control of an artificially stimulated fluid elevation system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention presents a method and apparatus, both mechanically and electrically, to vary the speed and rhythm of non-linear variables of a pumping unit of the oil well driven by a motor, wherein variations in viscosity in crude oil, viscosity , gravity, permeability and porosity can be controlled effectively. The pumping unit of the oil well is powered by an electric motor, a natural gas engine or diesel oil through a controllable coupling. The speed of the pumping unit of the oil well can be varied, using the coupling in combination with the pump rod system, in response to inconsistent variations in the load of the rod. As the high viscosity oil prevents the pump rod from lowering, the load on the pump rod decreases. This decrease in the pump rod load is used to reduce the speed of the oil well pumping unit by means of the controllable coupling, in combination with the pump rod system, to ensure that separation of the pump does not occur. the flanges. The increase in the load of the pump rod above a preselected maximum, can also be detected and used to delay the operation of the oil well pumping unit, to prevent the damage to the production formation, to the rods of the pump and the riser tubes. The control system assembles a dummy to record the load on the polished rod in relation to the position of the rocker arm. The control system can monitor and regulate the shape of the dipograph by controlling the polished rod. The character and shape of the polished rod's dipograph and its relation with the geometry of the pumping unit, coupled with new analytical techniques, immediately changes and supervises the movement pattern of the polished rod, which avoids the stacking of the rod . The non-linear nature of the system requires the use of a segmented PID control method. Instead of a PID controller for the total revolution (360 degrees), the path is divided into segments, each using its own PID controller, using equal segmented proportions to maintain a constant relationship.

Description

BALANCED CONTROL OF LOADING AN ELEVATION SYSTEM OF FLUID ARTIFICIALLY STIMULATED BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates in general to control systems for use with oil well pumping units and, in particular, to methods and systems for controlling the speed by the use of a controlled torsion inverter by means of a control system. variable frequency drive. The variable frequency drive system, through the electrical impulse (~), immediately produces the instantaneous (fast) increased power torque in order to increase the speed or instant braking of the artificial lift (guimbalete). The present invention relates to a high-tech control system for varying the speed of an oil well pumping unit in instantaneous response to load variations within the oil well pumping unit. 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED TECHNIQUE The recovery of oil from underground deposits is a well-known technique and established within the technology of oil engineering. Few oil wells are free from work; therefore, most wells require pumping to raise crude oil to the surface. The lifting of the oil is generally achieved by using a production pump on the surface inside a borehole that is driven by a string of reciprocating pump rods, enclosed within 2 to 3 inch riser tubes that extend down through the borehole to production training. The rods of the pump are usually fixed to a polished rod on the surface, which passes through a stuffing box. The polished rod is usually fixed to a mechanical device that produces the necessary reciprocating movement. The polished rod is typically fixed to a "rocker arm", which is pivotally mounted to a vertical bar on the pump unit. A balance counterweight is usually attached to the other end of the rocker arm, and the rocker arm is balanced by the action of an electric or gas driven motor, which raises and lowers the pump rods. Previously, a pump was operated for some period of time previously determined and then disconnected to allow additional oil to run into the borehole. If the pump is operated continuously, the oil level in the borehole is reduced to a point below the pump, and an "out of pumping" condition may occur. The new technology introduced with this invention avoids the reduction of the level of oil inside the deposit, thus avoiding an "out of pumping" condition, flange separation, excessive pipe wear, or sanding all over the hole, which can result in the equipment stopping. Modern oil well pumping units are often equipped with "off-pump" detection devices that monitor the load on the pump rods and the position of the rocker to generate a graphical representation called a dynagraph. The manual or automatic examination of the dynagraph can be used to stop the pumping unit from the oil well to allow the borehole to fill with oil, avoiding the condition of "out of pumping". Although "off-pump" systems are generally successful, they do not address the problems encountered with varying oil viscosity that may exist in certain wells. Oil of extremely high or "heavy" viscosity must generally be heated by artificial means for pumping, using conventional pump units. These wells require heating by injecting steam or other devices to sufficiently thin the oil in such a way that normal recovery can take place. As the oil cools, its viscosity increases. The thickened oil interferes with the capacity of the pump and the rod string of the pump to fall through the oil, leading to a condition known as "rod float". The string that secures the polished rod to the rocker arm descends at a faster speed than the string of rods, causing a separation between the flange and the end of the polished rod. If the flange moves upward while the rod string is falling, a tremendous impact may occur, causing the failure of the polished rod, flange, or rod string of the pump. Even if pump failure does not occur, production will decrease due to pump unit failures to complete a full stroke. Therefore, it is apparent that there is a need for a method and system that automatically varies the speed of an oil well pumping unit that adjusts to variations in oil viscosity.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The first objective of the present invention is to provide an improved control system for an oil well pumping unit. The second objective of the present invention is to provide an improved method and system for variable speed control in an oil well pumping unit.

The third objective of the present invention is to provide an improved method and system for the variable control of the speed in a pumping unit of the oil well that responds to the variations of load within the pumping unit of the oil well. The objectives are achieved in the following manner. The surface-mounted rocker pump unit (guimbalete) is equipped with variable lengths of pump rods housed inside riser tubes 2 to 3 inches in external diameter. The guimbalete drives a string of reciprocating, vertical pump rods, which are monitored and controlled to reduce the load on the pump rods, simultaneously controlling the position of the rod. The pumping unit of the oil well is normally driven by a natural gas engine or an electric motor through a controllable coupling. The speed of the pumping unit of the oil well is then varied, using the coupling in combination with the pump rod system in response to variations in the load of the rod. As the oil of high viscosity prevents the lowering of the pump rod, the load on the pump rod decreases. This decrease in the pump rod load is used to decrease the speed of the oil well pumping unit by means of the controllable coupling, in combination with the pump rod system, to ensure that separation of the pump does not occur. the bridle The increase in the load of the pump rod above a preselected maximum, can also be detected and used to delay the operation of the oil well pumping unit, with the purpose of avoiding the damage to the production formation, to the pump rods and the riser tubes. The control system assembles a dynagraph to record the load on the polished rod in relation to the position of the rocker arm. The control system can control the shape of the dinagrafo by means of the control of the polished rod. The character and shape of the polished rod dyad and its relation to the geometry of the pumping unit, coupled with new analytical techniques, immediately changes and supervises the movement pattern of the polished rod, which avoids the stacking of the rod . The non-linear nature of the system requires the use of a control method Segmented PID. Instead of a PID controller for the total revolution (360 degrees), the path is divided into segments, each using its own PID controller.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES The unique features of the present invention are set forth in the appended claims. The present invention, as well as the desired mode of use through its electrical interface technology, will be better perceived by the following detailed description of the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 represents a pumping unit of the oil well including a variable speed torsion system provided in accordance with the method of the present invention. Figure 2 represents a rocker transducer for a conventional pumping unit. Figure 3 represents a rocker transducer for a pumping unit Mark II. Figure 4 represents the electrical wiring of the controller. Figure 5 represents the internal power distribution. Figure 6 depicts an optional load cell mounted between a polished rod and the flange for use with the method and system of the present invention.

Figure 7 represents a block diagram of a control system that can be used in combination with a liquid crystal display (DCL) for more precisely controlling the load of the polished rod. Figure 8 represents a block diagram of a segmented path of the rocker, representing the different control segments of the up and down paths of the polished rod.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED MODALITY Figure 1 represents a conventional oil well pumping unit (1), which includes a variable speed control unit provided in accordance with the method and system of the present invention. The oil well pumping unit (1) includes a polished rod (7) attached to a rod string of the pump for reciprocating operation of the submersible pump (not shown). The polished rod (7) passes through the stuffing box (9) and is fixed to the rod of the pump rod. The upper end of the polished rod (7) is coupled to a flange (13), which is suspended by cables (19) from the head of the rocker (23) (Figure 6). The rocker head (23) operates in a reciprocating motion as the rocker (15) pivots on the pole (53). The rocker (15) is operated in a reciprocating manner that is well known in the art, using a motor (45) equipped with a belt drive system (49) or a universal joint, to rotate a counterweight (35) about a mace (31). A crank rod (33) couples the rotating counterweight assembly to the end of the rocker arm (15). As the counterweight (35) is rotated by the motor (45), the rocker (15) is balanced on the post (53). An important feature of the present invention requires the placement of a load cell (66) between the clamp of the polished rod and the flange (13) (Figure 6). The load cell (66) is coupled to a controller (50) by means of the cable (57). The load cell provides an instantaneous indication of the load present on the polished rod (7) during any particular point of operation of the oil well pumping unit (1). A clinometer (63) mounted on the rocker (15) indicates the angular position of the rocker (15) by means of the electric cable (61) to the controller (50). In a manner that will be explained in more detail below, the position of the oil well pumping unit (1) and the present charge on the polished rod (7) are used by the controller (50) to generate a control signal which is coupled to the impulse control (41). According to an important feature of the present invention, this control signal is used to vary the operating speed of the pumping unit of the oil well (1), varying the coupling between the pumping unit of the oil well (1) and the engine (45). Figure 2 shows an improved positioning of the rocker transducer of the pump unit for the conventional rocker pumping unit in place of the clinometer (63) and the load cell (66), thereby eliminating the power line (61) and (57) as shown in Figure 1. The electrical wiring and position of the rocker transducer is located 61 cm forward of the bearing seat fixed 61 cm from the rocker directly behind the rocker arm of the pumping unit of conventional rocker. The Ceramic Tilt Sensors test is currently being conducted, which will be available for the market in 1998. Figure 3 represents an improved placement of the pump unit rocker transducer for the Mark II pumping unit instead of a clinometer (53) and the load cell (66), thus eliminating the electrical wiring (61) and (57) as shown in Figure 1. The electrical wiring and the position of the rocker transducer is fixed at 61 centimeters behind the Pitman bearing of the Mark II pumping unit. The Tilt Ceramic Sensor test is currently being conducted, which will be available for the market in 1998. Figure 4 represents an engine start panel (27), which controls the power distribution to the controller (50) (Figure 5). The engine start panel (27) is equipped with 460 VAC, 3 phase, 60 Hz wire, with the possibility of increasing the voltage when necessary from 150 to 170, more or less, Mhz. When needed, it is also available from 450 Mhz to 470 Mhz in a high noise environment. It is also available from 928 to 958 Mhz for long distance communications where a Scada System could be used, etc. The engine start panel (27) controls the guide system (41), which is in interface with the microprocessor (98). All programs and unalterable programs are incorporated into the microprocessor (98). Figure 5 represents the internal wiring of the controller (50), using RS 232 and 485 as the main communication ports with three additional gates; one of which is for a future Scada system, if required. The Sub 8 (Cable Driver) (29) separates and controls variable communications in addition to other electrical operations, such as, but not limited to, LCD readings, emergency alerts, etc. The built-in laptop computer plug-in. All communications, gates, etc., consist of both protocol 232 and 485, installed inside the controller (50). Figure 6 shows a load cell (66) mounted between a clamp of the polished rod (63) and the flange (13). The load cell (66) generates an analogous signal which indicates when the polished rod (7) undergoes instantaneous loading at any point during the operation of the oil well pumping unit (1). The load cell (66) can be implemented using any known load cell device, such as a piezoelectric load cell device.

As described above, there is a problem in the recovery operations of heavy crude oil because the high viscosities of the oil can hamper the string of the pump rod and the pump during the downward travel. The flange (13) will be reduced to a speed in excess of the speed at which the rod string can fall to the oil, causing the clamp (69) of the polished rod to separate from the flange (13). Upon reaching the bottom of the pumping path, the flange (13) will be raised rapidly, displacing the load cell (66) and the clamp of the polished rod (69) and possibly causing the catastrophic failure of the well pumping unit Oil (1), if proper control of the PID is not exercised by using the controller (50) in combination with its Interface Guide System (41), using the PID segments for the immediate acceleration or deceleration of the torsion, that in real time is instantaneous. Figure 7 depicts a high-level block diagram of a control system (50) that can be used to implement the method and system of the present invention. A keyboard / monitor unit (90) is provided to enable the operator to set certain pre-selected minimum and maximum load conditions and / or specify other system parameters for the controller. The keyboard / monitor unit (90) is used to read the pulses and to control the display by means of a microprocessor (98) through the interface (92). The keyboard / monitor unit (90) can be a unit (such as the Eason Technologies Model 900) or separate units that are used together. The keyboard / monitor unit (90) is connected to the microprocessor (98) through the interface (92). The interface (92) can be any electronic connection such as an RS-232 connection. The analog outputs of the clinometer (63) and the load cell (66) are coupled to the microprocessor (98) by means of the analog-to-digital converters (94) and (96) and the connections (101), (102) , (104) and (105).

The A / D converters (94) and (96) must have the ability to convert the analog signals from the load cell (66) and the clinometer (63) via connections (104) and (105). The connections (104) and (105) must be electrical connections capable of carrying the analog signals from the load cell (66) and the clinometer (63). The connections (101) and (102) must be capable of transferring the digital data to the microprocessor (98). The connections (101) and (102) may be contained within the same system that contains the microprocessor (98) or the motor controller (68). If the A / D converters (94) and (96) are contained within the electrical system that contains the microprocessor, then the connections (101) and (102) can be a data bar contained within an electronic system with the microprocessor (98). If the converters A / D (94) and (96) are contained within an electrical system that contains the motor controller (68), then the connections (101) and (102) can be composed of a data bar for the motor controller (68). A motor controller (68) having internal A / D converters that can be used in the embodiment of the invention, is the Toshiba G3 inverter. The connection (100) must be an electronic connection capable of transferring the data between the microprocessor (98) and the motor controller (68), such as an RS-232 or RS-485 network. The microprocessor (98) is used in the preferred embodiment of the present invention to monitor the position and load inside the pumping unit of the oil well (1) (not shown), continuously monitoring the position of the pumping unit of the oil well (1) and the load present on the polished rod (7) using a clinometer (63) and a load cell (66), such that the operation of the pumping unit of the oil well (1) can be precisely controlled . Figure 8 represents the control algorithm of the preferred embodiment of the present invention using a segmented PID control. Instead of having a PID controller for the total route, the route is divided into segments, each with its own PID controller. As the path progresses, the controller will select the appropriate PID controller for that segment of the path. By dividing the route into different segments, different parts of the route can be harmonized differently. For example, the PID control for the segments 1 to 8 would be harmonized by ta! way that the present speed would be reduced to get the load to reduce. Also, segments 9 to 14 would be harmonized in such a way that the present speed would be increased to get the load to increase. The ascending and the descending path would be segmented to account for the non-linear constructions in the system due to the design of the oil well pumping unit, and for the differences in the individual wells. The number of segments used depends on the degree of satisfactory control required, using more segments for linear control and fewer segments for less control. From Figure 8, the target load for segments 1 to 8 would generally be set to the minimum load for the oil well pumping unit, and segments 9 to 14 would be set for the maximum load of the oil well pumping unit . The target load for segments 15 and 16 would be set so as not to feed the load in the lower part of the path. The PID for each segment can be harmonized for each segment in such a way that each part of the route is better controlled. This means that the non-linear characteristics of the system are minimized to the PID control algorithm. The PID controllers use a control action in which the output of the controller is proportional to a linear combination of the input, the time interval of the input and the rate of change of the time of the input. In a practical modality of control action (PID) plus integral plus derivative, the output and input relation, neglecting high frequency terms, is: X l / s + 1 + Ds a > 1 = ± P Y bl / s + 1 + Ds / a 0 < b < 1 where a = derivative action gain b = proportional gain / static gain D = time constant of the derivative action I = integral action regime P = proportional gain s = complex variable X = input conversion Y = output conversion In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a PID controller is used; however, other types of controllers, such as a fluffy controller, can be used. It may also be preferred to use a fluffy controller to harmonize the PID controller to respond to changes in the oil well pumping unit over time. The following paragraphs will describe the operation of the method and system of the present invention with reference to Figure 1. As the pumping unit of the oil well is ignited (1), the operating speed is set at a preselected lower operating speed to ensure that no separation occurs between the clamp of the polished rod (69) (FIG. 6) and the flange (13) in the first path. With each stroke, the controller (50) increases the speed at which the oil well pumping unit operates until such time that a further increase in speed would result in a decrease in load of the load cell (66) to one point below the predetermined minimum load previously entered by the operator into the keyboard / monitor unit (90). If the load in the load cell (66) decreases below the minimum present, separation of the clamp from the polished rod (69) and the flange (13), and the speed of the oil well pumping unit have occurred. (1) will be decreased. If the pumping unit of the oil well (1) stops for any reason, the starting cycle will be repeated. In operation, when the rotation of the counterweight (35) reaches Point I in the arc of rotation (70) (Figure 1), the lower part of the stroke of the polished rod has occurred. At this point, the load on the polished rod (7) must be equal to some predetermined minimum load, such as 50 Ib, before the controller (50) will increase the speed of the oil well pumping unit (1) to Take the ascending route at maximum speed. This procedure ensures that the flange (13) and the polished rod (69) will not separate when the pump speed increases. The minimum pre-selected loads, and the speed regimes are adjustable. Point I indicates the beginning of segment 9 in Figure 8. The speed of the pumping unit of the oil well (1) during the upward travel is controlled such that the maximum speed is achieved without overloading the components of the pumping unit . A maximum predetermined load can be specified for the load cell (66), and the operating speed of the oil well pumping unit (1) can be reduced as much as necessary to ensure that the maximum load is not exceeded. If the maximum speed of the pumping unit of the oil well (1) falls below a predetermined minimum during the upward stroke of the polished rod (7), the controller can be used to stop the operation of the oil well pumping unit (1) for a preselected time and then re-establish the pumping unit of the oil well (1). If there is still an overload condition, the control unit will stop the pumping unit from the oil well (1) until the unit can be manually reset. When the point II is reached within the arc of rotation (70), the control unit decelerates the speed of the pumping unit of the oil well (1) from the maximum speed on the downward upward run, up to the minimum speed necessary for avoid separation of the clamp from the polished rod (69) and the flange (13). The deceleration regime is based on the experience of the control system from the previous route and the output of the load cell (66) at point III. If the output of the load cell (66) reaches zero at Point lll, separation has occurred between the clamp of the polished rod (63) and the flange (13), in the upper part of the path due to the deceleration that occurred. to a regime that was too slow. In the following route of the pumping unit of the oil well (1), the deceleration will occur at a faster rate. If the output of the load cell (66) at the point lll is greater than the previously selected amount, the deceleration rate will be reduced. The points II to III correspond to segments 15 and 16 in figure 8. Subsequently, from point IV to point I is again reached, the PID controller based on microprocessor (50) will allow the polished rod to fall as quickly as possible. allowed by the viscosity of the oil inside the hole. Maintaining the speed of the pumping unit of the oil well (1) at a rate necessary to maintain a specific minimum load in the load cell (66), it is avoided that they separate the clamp from the polished rod (69) and the flange ( 13). The speed control is achieved by monitoring the output of the load cell (66) and varying the coupling between the motor (45) and the pumping unit of the oil well (1) to maintain the specified condition. Points IV to I correspond to segments 1 to 8 in Figure 8. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the applicant has provided a novel, useful and non-obvious method where the operating speed of a well pumping unit Oil can be varied during the operation to adjust to variations in the viscosity of the oil, thereby maximizing the efficiency of a pumping outlet from the oil well where the oil viscosity can be varied. Although the invention has been shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various other changes in form and detail may be made here without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. A method of variable control of the speed of the operation of a pumping unit of the oil well where the variations in the viscosity, gravity, permeability and porosity of the oil can be adjusted in an efficient way, the method detects linear or load variations. non-linear within the pumping unit of the oil well registering the variable loads in response to the variable speeds of travel for the different segments of the route; this detection does not limit the number of strokes or revolutions per minute - it varies variably the operating speed of the oil well pumping unit in response to load variations within the pumping unit of the oil well, when variations in viscosity of oil can be adjusted efficiently by using the following methodology: the route is divided into 360 degrees with the upper part of the route being 0 degrees and the lower part of the route being 180 degrees; from 0 to 179 defines the descending path, from 180 to 359 defines the ascending path; because of the non-linear nature of the system, a segmented PID control method is used; instead of having a PID controller for the total route, the route is divided into segments, each with its own PID controller; - dividing the route into different segments, different parts of the route can be tuned or adjusted differently; for example, the PID control for segments 1-8 would be adjusted in such a way that the current speed would be increased to get the load to reduce; likewise, segments 9-16 would be adjusted in such a way that the present velocity would be increased to get the load to increase; - the target load for segments 1-8 would generally be to establish the minimum target load and segments 9-14 would be to establish the maximum target load; the objective load for segments 15 and 16 would be to establish the non-impulse below the load in the lower part of the route; the PID for each segment could be adjusted for each segment in such a way that each part of the route is better controlled; this means that the non-linear characteristics of the system are minimized to the control PID algorithm; the 16-bit microcontroller with up to 256k of program memory, 256k of random access memory (RAM) of program / data scalable to 1 M of data RAM; regulation of the programmable configuration and key data segments are in the memory only read, programmable, electrically erasable (EEPROM). The RAM and the microprocessor circuit can be maintained with optional rechargeable backup battery (12V charging circuit, 1.2 Ah built-in cell battery); autoprogrammable reset after power failure; super large LCD monitor, extended temperature scale, wide viewing angle in poor ambient light conditions, program of temporary suspensions in monitor and back lighting to maximize support and allow the management of power consumption; the multi-channel internal power supply provides the intrinsically safe power to operate 5 volt sensors up to 24 volts; - auxiliary output power at nominal 14 volts operates optional radio modem or optional 12-volt monitor systems within the normal overall power of the power supply; Real-time clock signal is generated with independent crystal oscillator; MODBUS communication protocol standard in the industry; - four serial I / O ports with RS232 and RS485 signal levels, and two additional I / O ports, with configurable baud per program that is set from 1200 to 28400 bauds; voltage monitor of the power line provides an orderly stop in case of line voltage reduction or power line voltage loss; - input power of 120 volts nominal (132 maximum, 87 volts minimum), 47-63 Hz; Transient power line protection for IEEE 587 Category A and Category B or IEC No. 664 Category II and Category III; Operating room temperature scale from 100 to 120 ° + Fahrenheit; Cabinet temperature controlled to maintain the internal temperature of the cabinet high enough to maintain the useful operation of the LCD display panel. all inputs and outputs protected against reversal of polarity, power loss and ESD transients; twelve (12) bit A / D converter for high resolution measurements of the input signals and 10 bit A / D converter, fast, where needed; oversampled signals to minimize noise and preserve resolution; backup of optional battery power and solar power; analog calibration performed through program control; no adjustment points to adjust manually or cause drift; - ten (10) Analog / Digital inputs and outputs; two (2) dedicated input channels for the placement of the seesaw; two (2) dedicated input channels for rocker loading; six (6) inputs (digital or analog) and / or outputs (digital) configurable; two (2) optional analog outputs; load indicator combination unit rocker and clinometer, clamp style; three-point horseshoe load cell and inclinometer (option); Proven interimating sensors relevant to the Class, Division and Groups.

2. The variable speed control method of operating an oil well pumping unit, according to claim 1, wherein the pumping unit of the oil well is driven by an electric motor, and the adjustment step Operational variable of the oil well pumping unit comprises the step of varying a coupling between the electric motor and the pumping unit of the oil well.

3. Variable speed control to control the operation of a pumping unit of the oil well driven by an engine, with the variable speed control comprised by elements of position detection to detect the position variations of the unit. pumping of the oil well during operation load sensing elements to detect variations in the load occurring within the oil well pumping unit variable coupling timing means between the polished rod and the torsion inverter G3 (guidance system ).

4. Variable speed control to control the operation of an oil well pumping unit driven by an engine, according to claim 3, wherein the oil well pumping unit is composed of a submersible pump driven by means of A string of pump rods and the load sensing means are composed of a means to detect the stress on the string of the pump rods.

5. Variable speed control for controlling the operation of an oil-well pumping unit driven by an engine, according to claim 3, wherein the variable coupling is composed of a guidance system (Toshiba variable torsion inverter) G3) in the interface with the motor of the variable power pumping unit.

6. Variable speed control for controlling the operation of an oil-driven pump well unit, according to claim 3, wherein the control means are comprised of a microprocessor-based PID controller utilizing a segmented control method.

7. Variable speed control to control the operation of an oil well pumping unit driven by an engine, with variable speed control comprised of load sensing elements to detect variations in load occurring within the pumping unit of the oil well an electrically controlled system in interface with the variable torsion inverter, receiving instructions in an intermediate way through an RS-232 network and delivering orders to the oil well pumping unit's motor through an RS-485 network for millisecond responses to load variations that occur within the unit pumping oil well.

8. Variable speed control for controlling the operation of an oil-well pumping unit driven by an engine, according to claim 7, wherein the pumping unit of the oil well is composed of a submersible pump driven by a Pump rod string and load sensing is formed by a means to detect stress and weight against a rod string of the pump.

9. The variable speed control through the torsion inverter for controlling the operation of an oil-well pumping unit driven by a motor, according to claim 7, wherein the control elements are comprised of a PID controller based on microprocessor that uses a segmented control method. SUMMARY The invention presents a method and apparatus, both mechanically and electrically, for varying the speed and rhythm of non-linear variables of a pumping unit of the oil well driven by a motor, wherein the variations in the viscosity in the crude oil, Viscosity, gravity, permeability and porosity can be controlled effectively. The pumping unit of the oil well is driven by an electric motor, a natural gas engine or diesel oil through a controllable coupling. The speed of the pumping unit of the oil well can be varied, using the coupling in combination with the pump rod system, in response to inconsistent variations in the load of the rod. As the high viscosity oil prevents the pump rod from lowering, the load on the pump rod decreases. This decrease in the pump rod load is used to reduce the speed of the oil well pumping unit by means of the controllable coupling, in combination with the pump rod system, to ensure that separation of the pump does not occur. the flanges. The increase in the load of the pump rod above a preselected maximum, can also be detected and used to delay the operation of the oil well pumping unit, to prevent the damage to the production formation, to the rods of the pump and the riser tubes. The control system assembles a dummy to record the load on the polished rod in relation to the position of the rocker arm. The control system can monitor and regulate the shape of the dipograph by controlling the polished rod. The character and shape of the polished rod dyad and its relation with the geometry of the pumping unit, coupled with new analytical techniques, immediately changes and supervises the movement pattern of the polished rod, which avoids the stacking of the rod . The non-linear nature of the system requires the use of a segmented PID control method. Instead of a PID controller for the full revolution (360 degrees), the path is divided into segments, each using its own PID controller, using segmented proportions to maintain a constant relationship.