MXPA98001329A - Laminated adhesive and method for holding an air spring, based on a rubber with a sujec sleeve - Google Patents

Abstract

In a vehicle, for example a truck, an air spring based on rubber, is attached to a seat of a fixing sleeve. A strip of the air spring has a rubber primer and the seat of the fixing sleeve has a fixing primer. An adhesive located between the rubber and fixing printers permanently holds the air spring to the hose seat.

Description

LAMINATE ADHESIVE AND METHOD FOR ATTACHING AN AIR SPRING, RUBBER-BASED WITH A CLAMPING HOSE FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method, as well as to an adhesive laminate for permanently ligating an air spring based on rubber. with a support sleeve. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION To date, air springs have been used to cushion movement between a vehicle or wheel axle and the frame of a vehicle. Typically, the spring has physically connected to a housing such as a metal sleeve on an axis either by forced adjustment or by a ring for metal folding or both. A disadvantage of the forced adjustment is that during handling before installation in a vehicle, the air spring is often separated from the metal sleeve and thus has to be reassembled. A disadvantage of the metal folding ring was that it required additional labor to install and was expensive. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A rubber-based air spring, having a strip portion, adheres to a seat portion of a fastening sleeve. The rubber-based air spring strip portion has a rubber primer such as applied trichlorotriazintrione and the sleeve seat of a fixing primer such as a mixture of one or more chlorosulfonated polyethylene, chlorinated paraffin, and a poly. (p-dinitrosobenzene) applied. The rubber primer and fixing primer are chemically bonded or adhered to each other through the use of an adhesive such as an epoxy. A strong bond is formed, which is at least double the force required to keep the air spring in place. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF IX3S DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of an air spring for vehicles, in an extended configuration having a lower end adhesively connected to a fastening sleeve; Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the fastening sleeve of Figure 1; Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the air spring in a compacted position of use, and Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the adhesive laminate of the present invention adhering a portion of the spring strip. of air to the fixing sleeve.

PETATTED DESCRIPTION ng TA MOnAT.TDAn PREFKRTnA The air spring of the present invention indicated generally by the number 10, can be any conventional air spring known in the art and literature. The air spring 10 is made from one or more rubbers and has at least one to about six layers with two or three layers that are preferred. The layers 12 only allow light radial expansion of the air spring when it is placed under a load, i.e. it is mounted on a vehicle, as illustrated in Figure 3. By the term "slight radial expansion" it is meant that the radial expansion towards outside the air spring under load, against no load, it is generally 10 percent or less, conveniently 5 percent or less and preferably 2 percent or less or no expansion in fact. The layers 12 may be of any conventional or convenient material such as rayon, polyester, nylon and Kevlar, with nylon being generally preferred. The air spring can be made of any conventional rubber 14 and in general is a rubber made from a conjugated diene having 4 to 10 carbon atoms such as butadiene, isoprene, 2-chlorobutane and the like, opionally copolymerized with a substituted aromatic with vinyl having 8 to 12 carbon atoms such as styrene, α-methylstyrene and the like. Preferred oils include natural rubber a mixture of natural rubber and styrene-butadiene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, synthetic polyisoprene rubber and preferably a mixture of natural rubber and neoprene. The rubber air spring (when extended) generally in the shape of a cylinder as illustrated in Figure 1, and contains a portion of upper strip or end 16 and a portion of bottom strip or end 30. The portion of upper strip contains a metal strip 18. As best seen in Figure 1, the upper strip portion is folded to a clamp 20 which is fixed to the frame (not shown) of a vehicle such as a truck. The frame contains a metal bottom plate 22 that is bent at its perimeter. In order to form a mechanical joint, the perimeter 24 of the bottom plate is folded and folded with respect to the upper strip portion 16, in a manner as illustrated in Figures 1 and 3, in order to securely couple the portion upper of the air spring to the clamp 20. The bottom strip portion 30 of the air spring as seen in Figure 1, generally contains a flat or square surface 32 and has a strip flange 34, a strip bead 36 and a metal reinforcing strip 38. The bottom strip portion 30 of the air spring 10 is connected to a fastening sleeve 40, which is generally secured to an axle of a vehicle. As best illustrated in Figure 2, the fastening sleeve has reinforcing frames 42 and an upwardly extending circumferential arm 44. Arm 44 has a small radially outwardly extending flange 46 and a radially outwardly facing seat 46. 48. The upper portion of the arm seat 48 is terminated by the flange 46 and the bottom portion of the seat is terminated by the shoulder of the fastening sleeve 49. The length of the arm seat 48 is approximately equal to the distance of the strip bottom 30 from the strip flange 34 to the strip heel 36. The fixing sleeve is preferably made of metal such as iron, steel (including stainless steel), aluminum, bronze and the like, with aluminum being preferred. The sleeve can also be made from composite materials such as lamellar molded compounds, polyphenylene sulfide-graphite fibers and the like. During the installation of the air spring 10 to the fixing sleeve 40, the bottom strip portion 30 slides on the sleeve flange 46, such that the bottom flat surface 32 of the air spring strip 30 is a level and resides against the arm seat for the sleeve 48. In accordance with the concepts of the present invention, the bottom strip portion 30 is chemically bonded through an adhesive laminate 50 to the arm seat 48 of the fixation sleeve. As seen in Figure 4, the laminate 50 generally comprises 3 layers, for example a fixing primer, which is preferably a metal primer layer 52, a rubber primer layer 54 and a layer of adhesive 56. Each one of the various layers can be made from one or more coatings, applications or the like. In general, any conventional rubber primer known in the art and literature can be employed. To date, typically chlorine compounds or containing chlorine, have been used to prime rubber. That is, a preferred chlorine or halogen donor compound is employed. A preferred rubber primer of the present invention is trichlorotriazintrione which can be applied to the rubber such as by brushing, spraying, etc., conveniently in a multiplicity of coatings. For example, a solution of 3 percent trichlorotriazinthione in butyl acetate can be applied in a plurality of coatings such as three, allowing several minutes, for example 5 minutes of drying time between coatings. Immediately after application of the last coating, its surface can be cleaned with Rymplecloth (purified rectilinear gauze) to remove by-products such as oils that migrate to the surface. The air spring can then be allowed to dry at room temperature for approximately 10 to 15 minutes.

Other rubber primers include the various N-halohydantoin, the various N-haloamides, the various N-haloimides and combinations thereof. Examples of various convenient N-halohydantoins include l, 3-dichloro-5,5-dimethyl hydantoin; 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethyl hydantoin; 1,3-dichloro-5-methyl-5-isobutyl hydantoin; and 1,3-dichloro-5-methyl-5-hexyl hydantoin. Examples of N-haloamides include N-bromoacetamide and tetrachloroglycoluril. Examples of N-haloimides include N-bromosuccinimide and the various chloro-substituted s-triazintriones, commonly known as mono-, di- and trichloroisocyanuric acids. The various mono-, di- or tri-chloroisocyanuric acids or combinations thereof are a preferred rubber primer with trichloroisocyanuric acid which is especially preferred. A three percent by weight solution of trichloroisocyanuric acid in butyl acetate is available from Lord Corporation as Chemlok 7707. The various rubber primers of N-halohydantoins, N-haloamides and N-haloimide, usually exist in solid form. They are easily soluble in polar solvent such as acetone and can be applied in liquid form. The application of these rubber primers generally occurs at ambient temperatures. The application can be in any conventional form such as through brushing, spraying and the like. A typical amount of the primer of N-halohydantoins, N-haloamides and N-haloimide in the solvent, for example ethyl acetate or acetone, is generally from about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent, based on the total weight of the primer. of rubber and solvent and preferably is from about 0.5 percent to about 5 percent. Of course, higher or lower concentrations may be employed. This solvent system has been found to dry within a matter of minutes, so that the adhesive (eg, rubber to metal) can be applied shortly thereafter. It is considered that the rubber primer adds halogen groups, for example chlorine to the cured rubber strip that activates its surface, allowing the adhesive to adhere strongly to the cured rubber surface. Additional rubber primers include various acetamides, such as chloroacetamide, bromoacetamide, iodoacetamide and the like. The thickness of the rubber priming layer 54 can vary greatly and is often thin since it reacts with the rubber. The fixing primer of the present invention is preferably any conventional metal primer, although it may be a composite primer. A preferred metal primer is Chemlok 254 (Lord Corporation) which is a mixture of a polymer, a halogenated paraffin and a heater dissolved or dispersed in an organic solvent system such as toluene and xylene. This composition in general is a black liquid; has a viscosity range (Brookfield LVT, Spindle No. 2 at 30 rpm at (25 ° C (77 ° F)) of 150 to 450 centipoise, contains approximately 25-30 weight percent non-volatile content, has a density Approximately .97 to 1.02 kg / L (8.1 to 8.5 pounds / gallon), a flash point of 7 ° C (44 ° F) and shelf life or general storage of 6 months at 21-26 ° C (70 to 80 ° F) storage temperature More specifically, Chemlok 254 is considered to be a mixture of chlorosulfonated polyethylene (eg, Hypalon 48) chlorinated paraffin (eg, Chlorowax 40), poly (p-dinitrosobenzene) and carbon black dissolved or dispersed in a mixture of toluene and xylene Chlorosulfonated polyethylene is characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR) that has absorption bands at 1420, 1428, 1362, 1250, 1162, 658, and 604 cm "1. chlorinated polyethylene characterized by having IR absorption bands at 1458, 1445, 1371, 1258, 907, 789, 732, 651, and 613 cm "x. (p-dinitrosobenzene) is identified by IR absorption bands at 3111, 1483, 1458, 1258, 1102, 1008, 857, 776, and 563 sm_1. Chemlok 254 also contains a small amount of yellow material that is characterized by IR absorption bands at 3104, 1715, 1602, 1600, 1496, 1371, 1152, 826, and 701 cm "1. An example of another metal primer is an aqueous metal primer composition, containing aqueous phenolic resin dispersion stabilized with polyvinyl alcohol, a latex of a halogenated polyolefin and a metal oxide This compound is described in U.S. Patent No. 5,200,455, which is incorporated herein by reference in all respects, including the preparation and preferred embodiments of the aqueous metal primer composition. The dispersion of aqueous pendent resin stabilized with polyvinyl alcohol can be prepared by mixing a) a water-insoluble phenolic resin that is substantially solid, preformed; b) water; c) an organic coupling solvent; and d) polyvinyl alcohol, at a temperature and a period of time, sufficient to form a penolic resin dispersion in the water. More specifically, the polyvinyl alcohol is first dissolved in a mixture of the water and the coupling solvent, and the solid phenolic resin is then added slowly while the stirring and temperature of the mixture is increased. After stirring at high speed at temperatures of 55 to 75 ° C, a dispersion is formed without waste or wasted material Subsequent batches of the dispersion can be prepared immediately without having to clean the equipment Phenolic resins which are employed in the invention they are well known compositions, they are solid resoles or novolacs.The resols used are usually base catalyzed resins, which have a formaldehyde factor (ie parts by weight, 40 weight percent aqueous formaldehyde per 100 parts by weight phenol no. substituted) in the order of about 90 to about 180. The novolacs employed are normally acid-catalyzed resins, which have a formaldehyde factor in the order of about 50 to about 75. The phenol used to produce the phenolic resins of the invention can be to be phenol substituted, or it may be substituted phenol such as cresol, bisphenol A, para-substituted phenols such as p For t-butylphenol, para-phenylphenol and the like, ordinarily, formaldehyde or a material that generates formaldehyde in situ is the aldehyde which is used to produce the phenolic resin. The phenolic resin also uses a coupling solvent, this is a solvent that is miscible with water and that is a solvent for the phenolic resin used. The miscibility with water should be complete, and the phenolic resin should be soluble in the coupling solvent such that solutions of up to about 80 weight percent phenolic resin (based on weight of the solution) can be produced. The boiling point of the coupling solvent is preferably within the range of about 75 ° C to about 230 ° C. Most volatile solvents such as methanol and acetone cause blistering in coatings made from dispersions and often have dangerously low flash points. Alcohols, glycol ethers, ethers, esters and ketones have been found to be the most useful coupling solvents. Specific examples of the useful coupling solvents include ethanol, n-propanol, isopropyl alcohol, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol onoisobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monopropyl ether, methoxy acetone and the like. The polyvinyl alcohol used in the phenolic resin is typically prepared by hydrolysis of polyvinyl acetate and the most useful polyvinyl alcohol polymers for use in the invention are hydrolyzed in a ratio of about 85 to about 91 percent, and have such a molecular weight that a solids solution at 4 percent polyvinyl alcohol in water has a viscosity of about 4 to about 25 centipoise at 25 ° C. The one or more fixing primers such as metal primer, used in the present invention, are generally dissolved in an aliphatic solvent such as ketone, for example acetone, an ester solvent such as butyl acetate or ethyl acetate or in an aromatic solvent such as toluene or xylene, or their mixtures. Once the primer is applied to the metal substrate, it can be dried at room temperature, in general from about 10 to about 30 minutes and then heat-cured at elevated temperatures. The elevated temperatures may vary from about 40 ° C to the decomposition temperature of the primer and preferably about 60 ° C to about 10 ° C for a time of about 15 minutes to 20 hours. The metal substrate, for example the aluminum fixing sleeve, then it is allowed to cool to room temperature. Before the above fixing primer is applied to the fixing sleeve, it is cleaned to remove any layers of oxidation and oils. Preparations for surface treatment include sandblasting, sandblasting, and degreasing with suitable solvents such as acetone, hexane, or mineral spirits. One or more layers of the primer can be applied in any conventional manner such as by spraying, brushing and the like, and it has been found that only one layer needs to be applied. The thickness of this layer, in this way is generally thin such as from about 0.006 to 0.127 mm (about 0.25 to 5 mils) and preferably about 0.0254 to 0.0508 mm (about 1 to 2 mils) * Once the primer has Fixation has been applied to the seat 48 of the fixing sleeve 40, and the rubber primer is applied to the bottom or the flat surface 32 of the bottom strip 30, an adhesive (for example a metal or rubber adhesive) 56 is placed or it is coated in either the metal primer layer 52 or the rubber primer layer 54 or both. The bottom strip portion 30 of the air spring 10 is then inserted over the flange 46 and is applied against the fixing sleeve arm seat 48 and the adhesive 56 is subsequently cured. The layer of adhesive laminate 56 does not need to be thick and thus for example may be in the range of about 0.012 to 0.381 mm (about 0.5 to 15 mils) and conveniently about 0.0254 to 0.0508 mm (about 1 to 2 mils) in thickness.

The adhesive, such as metal to rubber adhesive, can be any conventional type known in the art and in the literature and includes compounds such as epoxy adhesives; polyurethane adhesives; various polymers or amine-curable prepolymers such as the epoxy adhesives and polyurethane adhesives noted above as well as polymers containing acid halide groups or haloformate groups, polymers containing anhydride group which upon reaction with diamines result in amine-acid bonds and the like and They can be solvent based or water based or dispersion in water. Considering the epoxy adhesives or resins, they can be any of numerous commercially available types. A common and preferred epoxy adhesive is a two part system which must be mixed with what is condensed of epichlorohydrin with bisphenol A (diphenylol propane). An excess of epichlorohydrin is used to leave epoxy groups at each end of the low molecular weight polymer for example numerical average from about 240 to about 3,000. Alternatively, epichlorohydrin can initially be reacted with a variety of hydroxy, carboxy and amino compounds to form monomers with two or more epoxide groups, and these monomers can then be reacted with bisphenol A. Examples of hydroxyl-containing compounds include resorcinol, hydroquinone , glycols and glycerol. Examples of other compounds include the diglycidyl derivative or cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, the triglycidyl derivatives of p-aminophenol and cyanuric acid and the polyglycidyl derivative of phenolic prepolymers. Epoxied dioles are also used. Epoxy resins can be cured by very different types of materials, including polyamines, preferred ones, polyamides, urea and formaldehyde phenol and organic acids or acid anhydrides, through coupling or condensation reactions. Examples of polyamine curing agents include diethylene triamine, triethylene tetraraine, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethylamine and the like, while examples of acid anhydride curing agents include italic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, methyl-nadic anhydride and chloro-nadic anhydride. Still other curing agents used to cure epoxy resins by epoxide groups include polyols, dicyandiamide (cyanoguanidine), diisocyanates and phenolic prepolymers. Some of these agents require weak bases such as tertiary amines and imidazole derivatives to accelerate the curing process. Diluents include reactive solvents (mono and diepoxides) or non-reactive solvents (di-n-butyl phthalate). A preferred adhesive of the present invention is Fusor 320/310-B black, available from Lord Elastomer Products, Erie, PA. This is an epoxy resin cured by a polyamine curing agent. Fusor 320 resin is a whitish paste that has a viscosity of approximately 300,000 to 1,000,000 centipoises. It weighs approximately 1.53 grams per ce and has an instantaneous evaporation point of more than 93 ° C (200 ° F). Viscosity is measured by using a Brookfield HBF viscometer at 25 ± 1.11 ° C (77 ± 2 ° F) with a "D" T-bar spindle at 5 rpm with Heliopath shelf, undisturbed samples. Fusor 310B black hardener is a black paste that has a viscosity of about 300,000 to about 700,000 centipoises and weighs approximately 1.27 grams per ce. It has an instantaneous evaporation point of more than 93 ° C (200 ° F). The viscosity is measured in the same way as for the Fusor 320 resin. Another large group of convenient adhesives are the various polyurethane adhesives that are known in the art and in the literature. Polyurethanes are formed by the reaction of polyisocyanates with hydroxyl-terminated intermediates. Suitable intermediates can be various polyether polyols, wherein the ether repeating unit has about 2 to 6 carbon atoms or less preferably polyester polyols wherein the polyester can be made from the reaction of dicarboxylic acids having 2 to 10 carbon atoms. carbon such as adipic acid with glycols having from 2 to 5 carbon atoms such as hexanediol, ethylene glycol, butanediol and the like. The polyurethane adhesives are cured, that is to say they interlock, with various polyfunctional compounds such as polyamines, polyacids, polyols or their combinations. Examples of suitable polyamines include diethylenetriamine, ethylenediamine, tetramethylenediamine, various naphthalene diamines such as 1,8-naphthalene diamine and the like. Another curing agent is Poliamine 1,000, manufactured by Polaroid Corporation and the same is an amine is a polytetrahydrofuran terminated with amine. Polyol entanglement agents include the various polyhydric alcohols having from 3 to 15 carbon atoms and preferably from 3 to 8 carbon atoms such as triols, tetraols, pentoles, and the like, with specific examples including arabitol, sorbitol, trimethylol propane , pentaerythritol, glycerol, the various alkyl glycosides, and the like. The polyisocyanates are preferably diisocyanates and include examples 4,4'-diisocyanatodiphenylmethane, (MDI); 4,4'-diisocyanatodicyclohexylmethane, (HMDI); toluene diisocyanate (TDI): 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate (NDI); 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, (HDI); isophorone diisocyanate, (IPDI); p-phenylene dlisocyanate (PPDI) and trans-1,4-cyclohexane diisocyanate (CHDI). Preferably polymeric MDI or MDI prepolymers are used. Another class of adhesive includes various polymers or amine-curable prepolymers, such as, preferably, the urethanes described below, as well as compounds set forth in US Pat. No. 3,755,262, which is hereby incorporated completely by reference. Briefly, these compounds are the various epoxy resins such as those described in "Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology" (Interscience Publishers, New York, (1967), Volume 6, pages 212-221; polymers containing acid halide groups such as: O II-c-ci and haloformate groups such as 0 -0-C-C1; and polymers containing anhydride groups which, in reaction to diamines, result in acid amine bonds.

Urethane polymers or prepolymers, that is, those containing isocyanate groups, are generally formed by first reacting a polyether polyol or a polyester polyol with a molar excess of a diisocyanate to form a prepolymer having terminal isocyanate groups. The polymer is then cured. Examples of these polymers are set forth in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,620,516; 2,777,831; 2,843,568; 2,866,774; 2,900,368 2,929,800; 2,948,691, 2,948,707, and 3,114,735, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety and serve to further exemplify the urethanes described previously. Specific typical examples of these polyurethanes include Adiprene L-367, polytetramethylene glycol ether containing approximately 6.4% isocyanate end groups by weight, manufactured by Uniroyal Chemicals; Adiprene L-42, polytetramethylene ether glycol containing approximately 2.8% isocyanate end groups by weight, manufactured by Uniroyal Chemicals and Cyanaprene A-7, a polyester based polymer with approximately 2.4% isocyanate end groups manufactured by American Cyanamid. Similar compounds can also be purchased from Anderson Corporation of Michigan. Mixtures of these polyurethanes can also be used. Furthermore, it has been found that better adhesion is often obtained by using two different types of urethanes. For example, a urethane having a high amount by weight of isocyanate end groups such as Adiprene L-367 can be mixed with a urethane containing a low amount by weight of isocyanate end groups such as Adiprene L-42. The amount of one urethane to the other may be in the range of about 1 to about 99% and conveniently about 30 to about 70% by weight. To the amine curable polymer or prepolymer compound is added a conventional amine curing agent as elbow by those skilled in the art and in the literature, and therefore only a few specific examples will be given. The curing agent can be MOCA, that is, 4,4'-methylenebis (chloroaniline) or conveniently, a complex of 4,4-methylenedianiline and a salt, or a complex of 2,3-di- (4-aminophenyl) racemic butane and a salt, as stated in the US patent No. 3,755,261 granted to Van Gulik, which is here incorporated completely by reference. These last two complexes are preferred. The 4,4'-methylenedianiline compound is preferred and the sodium chloride or lithium chloride is the preferred salt. Another class of amine curing agents that can be employed are the various Versamides, that is, the condensation products of polyaraines and dibasic acids that are obtained when certain unsaturated fatty acids are polymerized, and are manufactured by Henkel Chemical Company. Still another amine curing agent is polyamine, manufactured by Polaroid Corporation as previously described. The equivalents of reactive portions in the curing agent employed with respect to the equivalents of isocyanate (or epoxy) groups of the prepolymer or curable polymer are generally in the range of about 85% to 115% with about 95 to 105% preferred. The curing agent and the amine-curable polymers or prepolymers form the curable polymer system which is mixed with a polar solvent such that a liquid system is obtained which cures at room temperature, that is, from about 10 ° C to 50 ° C. Often, the ambient temperature will be in the range of about 15 ° C to about 35 ° C or 40 ° C. The polar solvents that can be used, especially with the amine curing agent and the amine polymers or prepolymers, are for example set forth in US Pat. No. 3,888,831 granted to Kogon, which is hereby incorporated completely by reference. In general, the amount of solvent employed per 100 parts by weight of the curable polymer or prepolymer is in the range of about 2 to about 40, conveniently about 2 to about 20, and preferably about 5 to about 15 parts by weight. Specific examples of preferred solvents include dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, cyclohexanone, ethyl acetate, nitro ethane, nitroethane, nitropropane, methyl ethyl ketone and acetone. Acetone and methyl ethyl ketone are highly preferred. The invention will be better understood by reference to the following examples which serve to illustrate, but not limit the scope of the present invention. EXAMPLE l An aluminum clamping sleeve was abraded with sand to remove the oxidation layer and oils to create a fresh surface. The sleeve was then degreased with acetone in Rymplecloth (purified rectilinear gauze). The arms 48 rest of the sleeve was then coated with a layer of Che lok 254 (Lord chemical Co.). It was air dried for approximately 15 to 20 minutes and then heated to 80 * C for 16 to 20 hours. The aluminum clamping sleeve was allowed to cool to room temperature. The rubber-based air spring was cleaned by rubbing with a piece of Rymplecloth (purified rectilinear gauze) saturated with acetone. It was left to dry for approximately 10 to 15 minutes. The planar surface junction area 32 of the air spring was then printed with 3% trichlorotriazintrione (Occidental Co.) in butyl acetate solution. Three coatings were used leaving approximately 5 minutes of drying time between coatings. The surface after the last coating was cleaned by rubbing with Rymplecloth immediately after the coating was applied (this removes the by-products and oils that migrate to the surface). The air spring was then allowed to dry (10 to 15 minutes). A two-part adhesive, Fusor 320 and 310B (Lord Chemical) was then mixed. Five parts of 320 and two parts of 310B were used. The two materials were thoroughly mixed for approximately 5 minutes. The mixed adhesive was then coated on the primed aluminum clamping sleeve surface and on the primed rubber-based air spring surface. The two parts then pressed against each other and checked to ensure that the air spring was in the correct position. The complete structure was then heated for one hour at 80 ° C (the part could be cured at room temperature for 16 to 20 hours, too). the structure was allowed to cool to room temperature. The adhesive bond was tested by connecting the structure to an MTS machine (MTS Systems Corporation). The machine pulls pneumatically releasing the air spring at a constant speed. The air spring does not fail to the maximum extension of the machine. The registered force was 13 kN (2800 pounds). The force required was only 7 kN (1,500 pounds). AXIS 3 An aluminum fixing sleeve was sandblasted to remove the oxidation layer and oils and to create a fresh surface. The area subjected to sandblasting was also degreased using acetone in Rymplecloth (rectilinear gauze purified). The area to be bonded is then coated with a layer of Chemlok 254 (Lord chemical Co.). It was air dried for approximately 15 to 20 minutes and then heated at 80 ° C for 15 minutes (the adhesive can also be dried at room temperature). The aluminum clamping sleeve was allowed to cool to room temperature. The air spring, based on rubber, was cleaned by rubbing with a piece of Rymplecloth, saturated with acetone. It was left to dry for approximately 10 to 15 minutes. The bond area at the air spring was then printed with 3% trichlorotriazintrione (Occidental Co.) in butyl acetate solution. Three coatings were used allowing a drying time of 5 minutes between coatings. The surface after the last coating was cleaned with Rymplesloth, immediately after the coating was applied (this removes the by-products and oils that migrate to the surface). The air spring was then allowed to dry (10 to 15 minutes). A two-part adhesive, Fusor 320 and 310B (Lord Chemical) was then mixed. Five parts of 320 and two parts of 310B were used. The two materials were thoroughly mixed for approximately 5 minutes. The mixed adhesive was then coated on the primed aluminum fixing sleeve and on the rubber-based air spring, at the location where the joint was formed. The two parts then pressed against each other and checked to ensure that the air spring was in the correct position. The entire structure was then allowed to cure for 24 hours at room temperature (23 ° C). The adhesive bond was tested by connecting the structure to an MTS machine (MTS Systems Corporation). The machine pneumatically pulls on the air spring releasing it at a constant speed. The air spring does not fail to the maximum extension of the machine. The registered force was 10 kN (2,200 pounds). The force required was only 7 kN (1,500 pounds). While according to the patent statutes, the best preferred mode and mode has been established, the scope of the invention is not limited thereto but rather by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1. l.- An air spring for vehicles, linked to a support sleeve, characterized in that it comprises: an air spring based on rubber, which includes sidewall lining layers and a strip portion; a fastening sleeve having a seat, the seat is designed to receive the strip portion of the rubber-based air spring, and an adhesive laminate located in and between the sleeve seat and the air spring strip and adhering the strip with the sleeve seat, the adhesive laminate comprises a rubber primer, a fixing primer and a cured adhesive.
2. 2. An air spring for vehicles, linked to a support sleeve according to claim 1, characterized in that the rubber primer reacts with the rubber strip portion of the air spring and is a halogen donor compound; or an N-halohydantoin, an L-haloamide, or an N-haloimide; or an acetamide or combinations thereof, wherein the fixing primer is a mixture comprising a chlorosulfonated polyethylene, a chlorinated paraffin, and a polydinitrosobenzene; or an aqueous composition comprising an aqueous phenolic resin dispersion stabilized with polyvinyl alcohol, and wherein the adhesive is an epoxy based resin, a polyurethane adhesive, a polymer containing an acid halide group or a haloformate group, or a polymer containing an anhydride group which upon reaction with a diamine results in an amine-acid bond.
3. 3. An air spring for vehicles, linked to a support sleeve according to claim 2, characterized in that the rubber primer is a chlorine donor compound; wherein the fixing primer is the mixture of the chlorosulfonated polyethylene, the chlorinated paraffin and the polydinitrosobenzene, and wherein the adhesive is the epoxy or the polyurethane.
4. 4. An air spring for vehicles, linked to a support sleeve according to claim 3, characterized in that the rubber primer is trichlorotriazination; wherein the fixing primer is a metal primer, wherein the metal primer is Cheralok 254; and wherein the adhesive is Fusor 320 / 310B black, wherein the Fusor 320 has an approximate viscosity of 300,000 to about 1,000,000 centipoises; and has an instant evaporation point of more than 93.3 ° C (200 ° F) and weighs approximately 1.53 grams per ce and where the Fusor 310B black has an approximate viscosity of 300,000 to 700,000 centipoises, weighs approximately 1.27 grams per ce and has an instant evaporation point of more than 93.3 ° C (200 ° F).
5. 5. - An air spring for vehicles, linked to a support sleeve according to claim 4, characterized in that the Chemlok 254 is characterized by absorption in its infrared spectrum at 1420, 1428, 1362, 1250, 1162, 658 and 604 cm " 1 with respect to chlorosulfonated polyethylene at 1458, 1445, 1371, 1258, 907, 789, 732, 651, and 613 c "1 with respect to chlorinated paraffin and at 3111, 1483, 1458, 1258, 1102, 1008, 857, 776 and 563 cm "1 with respect to polyvinylnitrosobenzene
6. 6.- Procedure for adhesively bonding a seat of a metal fixing sleeve to the strip of a rubber-based air spring, characterized in that it comprises the steps of: applying a primer rubber on at least a portion of the strip of a rubber-based air spring, and which forms a rubber surface for primed strip, apply a metal primer to at least a portion of the metal fastening seat and form a primed seat, apply an adhesive to anyone of the rubber surface for primed strip or the primed seat or both, and subsequently bonding the rubber surface for primed strip to the primed metal seat with the adhesive and curing the adhesive.
7. 7. A method for adhesively ligating a seat of a metal fastening sleeve with the strip of a rubber-based air spring according to claim 6, characterized in that the rubber primer reacts with the rubber strip portion. of the air spring and it is a halogen donor compound; or N-halohydantoin, an L-haloamide, or an N-haloimide; or an acetamide or combinations thereof; wherein the metal primer is a mixture comprising a chlorosulfonated polyethylene, a chlorinated paraffin, and a polydinitrosobenzene; or an aqueous composition comprising an aqueous phenolic resin dispersion stabilized with polyvinyl alcohol, and wherein the adhesive is an epoxy-based resin, a polyurethane adhesive, a polymer containing an acid halide group or a halofor ate group, or a polymer containing an anhydride group which upon reaction with a diamine results in an amine-acid bond.
8. 8. A method for adhesively ligating a seat of a metal fastening sleeve with the strip of a rubber-based air spring according to claim 7, characterized in that the rubber primer is a chlorine donor compound; wherein the metal primer is the mixture of chlorosulfonated polyethylene, chlorinated paraffin and polydinitrosobenzene, and wherein the adhesive is epoxy or polyurethane.
9. 9. - A method for adhesively ligating a seat of a metal fastening sleeve with the strip of a rubber-based air spring according to claim 8, characterized in that the rubber primer is trichlorotriazinetrione; wherein the metal primer is characterized by absorption in its infrared spectrum at 1420, 1428, 1362, 1250, 1162, 658 and 604 cm "1 with respect to chlorosulfonated polyethylene at 1458, 1445, 1371, 1258, 907, 789, 732 , 615, and 613 cm "1 with respect to chlorinated paraffin and 3111, 1483, 1458, 1258, 1102, 1008, 857, 776 and 563 cm "1 with respect to polyvidinitrosobenzene 10, - An adhesive laminate for adhering a rubber to a metal, characterized in that it comprises: a reactive rubber primer layer, a metal priming layer and an adhesive layer located between the rubber primer layer and the adhesive layer, wherein the rubber primer is a halogen donor compound, or an N-halohydantoin, an L-haloamide, or an N-haloide, or an acetamide or combination thereof, wherein the metal primer is a mixture comprising a chlorosulfonated polyethylene, a chlorinated paraffin, and a polydinitrosobenzene, or an aqueous composition comprising an aqueous phenolic resin dispersion stabilized with polyvinyl alcohol, and wherein the adhesive is an epoxy based resin, a polyurethane adhesive, a polymer containing an acid halide group or a haloformate group, or a polymer containing an anhydride group which upon reaction with a diamine results an amine-acid bond. 11. An adhesive laminate according to claim 10, characterized in that the rubber primer is a chlorine donor compound; wherein the metal primer is the mixture of chlorosulfonated polyethylene and chlorinated paraffin and polydinitrobenzene, polydinitrosobenzene, and wherein the adhesive is epoxy or polyurethane. 12. An adhesive laminate according to claim 11, characterized in that the rubber primer is trichlorotriazinationa; where the Chemlok 254 metal primer; and wherein the adhesive is Fusor 320 / 310B black, wherein Fusor 320 has an approximate viscosity of 300,000 to about 1,000,000 centipoises; and has an instant evaporation point of more than 93.3 ° C (200 * F) and weighs approximately 1.53 grams per ce and where the Fusor 310B black has an approximate viscosity of 300,000 to 700,000 centipoise, weighs approximately 1.27 grams per ce and has an instant evaporation point of more than 93.3 ° C (200 ° F). 13. An adhesive laminate according to claim 12, wherein the Chemlok 254 is characterized by absorption in its infrared spectrum at 1420, 1428, 1362, 1250, 1162, 658 and 604 cm "1 with respect to chlorosulfonated polyethylene at 1458 , 1445, 1371, 1258, 907, 789, 732, 615, and 613 cm "1 with respect to chlorinated paraffin and 3111, 1483, 1458, 1258, 1102, 1008, 857, 776 and 563 cm" 1 with respect to polynitrosobenzene . SUMMARY OF THE VEJCIQI In a vehicle, for example a truck, a rubber-based air spring is attached to a seat of a fixing sleeve. A strip of the air spring has a rubber primer and the seat of the fixing sleeve has a fixing primer. An adhesive located between the rubber and fixing primers permanently holds the air spring to the sleeve seat. KS / bo + írp / ss / «» ina-- "--r