MXPA98001302A - Member of fuser with an adhesive layer of amino silano, and the preparation of the mi - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses a melter member having a layer of amino silane adhesive intermediate to a melt substrate, and an outer layer of fluorosilicone, wherein the layer of amino silane adhesive contains an amino silane composition and an organo catalyst. phosphonium, together with an image forming apparatus using such a fuser member, and a method for the preparation of the melter member using a flow coating method

Description

FUSER MEMBER WITH AN ADHESIVE LAYER OF AMINO SULAN, AND PREPARATION OF THE SAME BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a fuser member, and to methods for melting organic pigment images in an electrostatic reproduction apparatus. The present invention is further related to a method for the preparation of such a melter member. More specifically, the present invention relates to methods and apparatuses directed towards the fusion of organic pigment images using a melter member having a layer of amino silane adhesive and an outer layer of fluoroelastomer, and to methods for the preparation of such members of fuser. In a typical electrostatic reproduction apparatus, a pale image of an original to be copied is recorded in the form of an electrostatic latent image on a photosensitive member, and the latent image is subsequently rendered visible by the application of thermoplastic resin particles. electroscopic that are commonly called organic pigment (or toner). The visible image of the organic pigment is then in pulverized form without cohesion, and can easily be disturbed or destroyed. The picture of REF .: 26558 Organic pigment is usually fixed or melted on a support, which may be the photosensitive member itself, or another support sheet such as plain paper. The use of thermal energy to fix the organic pigment image on a support member is well known. In order to melt organic electroscopic pigment material on a permanent support surface by heat, it is generally necessary to raise the temperature of the organic pigment material to a point at which the constituents of the organic pigment material coalesce and become viscous. This heating causes the organic pigment to flow to some degree within the fibers or pores of the support member. After this, when the organic pigment material cools, the solidification of the organic pigment material causes the organic pigment material to bond firmly to the support. Typically, the thermoplastic resin particles melt to the substrate by heating to a temperature of between about 90 ° C to about 200 ° C or more, depending on the smoothing range of the particular resin used in the organic pigment. It is undesirable, however, to increase the temperature of the substrate substantially higher than about 250 ° C, because of the substrate tendency of the substrate. discolour or ignite at such high temperatures, particularly when the substrate is paper. Several approaches to the thermal fusion of images of organic electroscopic pigment have been described. These methods include providing the application of heat and pressure substantially concurrently by various means, a pair of rollers held in pressure contact, a band member in pressure contact with a roller, a band member in pressure contact with a heater, and similar. The heat can be applied by heating one or both of the rollers, plate member, or band members. The fusion of the organic pigment particles takes place when the proper combination of heat, pressure and contact time is provided. The balance of these parameters to allow the fusion of the organic pigment particles is well known in the art, and can be adjusted to suit particular machines or process conditions. It is important that a minimum displacement, or none of the organic pigment particles from the support to the melter member during normal operations takes place in the melting process. The displacement of organic pigment particles on the melter member can subsequently be transferred to other parts of the machine, or on the support in subsequent copying cycles, thus increasing the background, or interfering with the material being copied there. What refers to "hot displacement" occurs when the temperature of the organic pigment increases to a point where the organic pigment particles liquefy and a dispersion of the molten organic pigment takes place during the melting operation, and a portion remains on the fuser member. The hot displacement temperature or degradation of the hot displacement temperature is a measure of the release property of the melter, and accordingly it is desired to provide a melting surface having a low surface energy, to provide the necessary release. To ensure and maintain good release properties of the melter, it has become common to apply release agents to the melter roll during fusion operations. Typically, these materials are applied as thin films of, for example, silicone oils to prevent displacement of the organic pigment. The process for the preparation of such fuser members is important to maintain the desired life of the melter. Additionally, the composition of the layers, including the adhesive layer, are important to provide sufficient fuser life and prevention of the displacement of the organic pigment. In particular, the bond between the melter substrate and the outer surface must be sufficient to prevent the outer surface of the melter member from disengaging, resulting in a melter failure. The bond between the surface of the fuser member and the outer layer is degraded as a function of time at the high temperatures involved in the melting process, which may exceed 204 ° C (400 ° F). Known adhesives, such as the THIXONMR epoxy adhesive (THIXONMR is a registered trademark of Dayton Chemical Products Laboratories) are degraded to the point where they no longer function as an adhesive, and a failure is experienced with total disunion of the substrate melting layer of melter, so that the surface can be manually removed from the substrate. Known epoxy adhesives additionally require baking for solidification. This baking step is an additional step that takes time and is expensive in the manufacture of fuser members. It is also important that the adhesive sufficiently react with the substrate and the outer layer, to provide a uniform coating, and to provide a sufficient bonding of the outer layer. Has been shown that the known adhesives form clots and a non-uniform coating of the melter substrate. Another important aspect of the adhesive is that it must be compatible for use with processes to prepare fuser rolls. Known processes for providing surfaces of melter members include two typical methods, which are submerging the substrate in a bath of coating solution, or spraying the periphery of the substrate with the coating material. However, recently, a process has been developed that involves depositing drop by drop material in a spiral on a cylinder that rotates horizontally. Typically, in this new flow coating method, the coating is applied to the substrate by rotating the substrate in a horizontal position about a longitudinal axis, and applying the coating from an applicator to the substrate in a spiral pattern, in an amount controlled, so that substantially all of the coating leaving the applicator adheres to the substrate. For specific details of one embodiment of the flow coating method, attention is directed to US Patent Application Serial No. 08 / 672,493, with Proxy Certificate Number D / 96036, commonly assigned, filed on June 26, 1996, entitled "Flow Coating Process for Manufacture of Polymeric Printer Roll and Belt Components ", the description of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, however, not all coatings are compatible with the new flow coating method, specifically, only the materials that can be In addition, it is desirable that the coating material has the ability to remain dissolved during the entire flow coating process, which can take up to about 8 hours or more, and remain dissolved during The manufacturing period, which can take up to several days, for example about 1 to 5 days, does not give good results with materials that tend to coagulate or crystallize within the period of time required for flow coating. material capable of being coated by flow for an increased amount of time, to allow pull coating by flow in a manufacturing and production environment. It is very expensive to periodically suspend a manufacturing line and change the solution supply system. If the adhesive does not have the desired properties, it may be necessary to interrupt the assembly line frequently, for example, every hour or every few hours, to clean the supply line of coagulated or crystallized matter. ThusIt is desirable to use a material having good coating properties by flow, to allow the manufacture to continue for a prolonged period of time, for example several days, without the problems mentioned above occurring in the process. It is also desirable that the adhesive be slow-drying, to avoid entrapping solvent in the inner layers, which tends to cause bubbles and "explosions" of solvent. The bubbles result from air trapped in the coating, resulting in non-uniformity of the coating and / or surface defects. "Explosions" of the solvent are defined as trapped air or solvent voids, the rupture of which results in structures similar to craters that cause non-uniform coated areas or surface defects. In any case, these defects can act as initiation sites for adhesion failures. In addition, good results are not obtained with materials that are not reactive with solvent coatings. On the other hand, the materials useful for the flow coating process must have the capacity to flow in a way that allows the complete roller coating. Therefore, it is desirable that the material possess a desired viscosity, which allows it to flow over the entire surface of the member being coated. Along with these properties, it is desirable that the material to be coated has a balance between viscosity and percentage of solids, to allow sufficient accumulation speeds, which impact the performance and work in process. Accumulation rates are defined as the thickness of a material that can be deposited per unit of time. The thickness of the material should allow a balance between maintaining the uniformity of the thickness and avoid "explosions" of solvent and air bubbles. The performance in the process is the number of units that are processed per unit of time. Work in process (WIP) is the number of units currently in any of the stages of the process, from the beginning to the end. The objective is to maximize the speed of accumulation and reduce the time of performance and work in process. Also, although it is not a necessary aspect of the materials useful in the flow coating process, it is desirable that the material does not require baking for solidification. The baking stage is expensive and time consuming. The elimination of the baking stage It provides a saving of time for manufacturing, and a cost savings to the customer. Many materials that are known to be useful for outer coatings of a melter member, such as, for example, fluoroelastomers, possess some of the qualities mentioned above required for a flow coating. However, most known adhesives do not possess the above qualities, and many problems are associated with the flow coating of adhesives. Particularly, well-known adhesives such as epoxy resins and the like can not be flow coated, because epoxy resins do not possess many of the qualities described above. In addition, epoxy resins require baking before depositing an outer layer on them. Similarly, many known amino silane adhesives have a short life, and a reduced life. Therefore, such adhesives can not be deposited by flow coating successfully. U.S. Patent No. 5,332,641, to Finn et al., The disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety, discloses a melter member having a layer of fluoroelastomer adhesive cured with amino silane and on it, an outer elastomer melting surface. U.S. Patent No. 5,049,444, to Bingham et al., The disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety, discloses a multi-layer fuser member having, in sequential order, a base support member, a layer of adhesive comprising a fluoropolymer and a silane coupling agent, a tie coat layer, and an outer elastomer layer comprising a fluoropolymer filled with metal oxide. U.S. Patent No. 5,219,612, to Bingham et al., The disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety, teaches a method of using a multi-layered fuser member having, in sequential order, a carrier support member. base, an adhesive layer comprising a fluoropolymer and a silane coupling agent, a tie coating layer, and an outer elastomeric melting surface. There is a need for an adhesive that provides adequate bonding of the outer layer to the melter member substrate, sufficiently react with the outer layer to provide a uniform coating of the outer layer, and can be used with new methods.

Coating by preparation flow of fuser members. The qualities necessary for a coating by sufficient flow include providing a slow solidification following the coating by flow, possess the ability to substantially dissolve in a solvent, and remain dissolved throughout the coating and flow coating processes, be non-reactive with the solvents, and provide a sufficient balance between flowability, viscosity and percent solids. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The Examples and objects of the present invention include: It is an object of the present invention to provide methods and apparatus with many of the advantages indicated therein. It is another object of the present invention to provide an adhesive that sufficiently bonds the outer surface of a melter member to the substrate of the melter member. A further object of the present invention is to provide an adhesive that is uniformly deposited when deposited on a melter substrate. Another object of the present invention is to provide an adhesive that is capable of being deposited during a increased period of time in a production and / or manufacturing environment without crystallizing or coagulating. It is still another object of the present invention to provide an adhesive that dries slowly, following deposition thereof. Additionally, an object of the present invention is to provide an adhesive that has the ability to dissolve substantially in a solvent. Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an adhesive that has the ability to be sufficiently viscous when mixed with a solvent.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide an adhesive that is non-reactive with most solvents. A further object of the present invention is to provide an adhesive that helps to provide an improved life of the melter. Another object of the present invention is to provide an adhesive that does not require baking for solidification. In embodiments, the present invention relates to a melter member comprising a) a substrate; and on the same b) a coating of amino silane adhesive, comprising an amino silane composition and a organic phosphonium catalyst; and having on it, c) an outer fluoroelastomer coating, comprising a fluoroelastomer. The embodiments further include: a process for the preparation of a melter member comprising in sequential order a substrate, an amino silane adhesive coating comprising an amino silane composition and an organic phosphonium catalyst, and an outer fluoroelastomer coating , comprising a fluoroelastomer, the process comprising: a) providing a substrate; b) rotating the substrate in a horizontal position about a longitudinal axis thereof, and simultaneously c) applying at least one of an amino silane adhesive coating and an outer fluoroelastomer coating in the form of a solution, rotating the substrate in a horizontal position about a longitudinal axis thereof, and simultaneously applying the coating in solution from an applicator to the substrate in a spiral pattern, in a controlled amount, so that substantially all the coating of the applicator adheres to the substrate. The embodiments of the present invention additionally include: an image forming apparatus, for forming images on a recording medium, comprising: a charge retentive surface, to receive an electrostatic latent image thereon; a development component, to apply organic pigment to the retentive surface of charge, to develop the electrostatic latent image, to form an image developed on the retentive surface of charge; a transfer component, for transferring the developed image from the load retentive surface to a copy substrate; and a fuser member, for melting images of organic pigment to a surface of the copy substrate; wherein the fuser member comprises: a) a substrate; and on the same b) a coating of amino silane adhesive, comprising an amino silane composition and an organic phosphonium catalyst; and having on it, c) an outer fluoroelastomer coating, comprising a fluoroelastomer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS For a better understanding of the present invention, reference can be made to the figures that accompany it. Figure 1 is an end view of a flow coated fuser roller, prepared on a rotary apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a sectional view along line 4-4 in the direction of the arrows of 1 melter roll of Figure 1; and Figure 3 is an enlarged view of a melter roller demonstrating one embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION Fuser member as used herein refers to fuser members, including rollers, belts or bands, and fusion films and the like; donor members, including rollers, belts, and donor films and the like; and pressing members, including rollers, belts, and pressure films and the like; and other useful members in the fusion system of an electro-statographic or xerographic machine. It will be apparent from the following discussion that the fuser member of the present invention can be employed in a wide variety of machines, and is not specifically limited in its application to the particular embodiment represented herein. Any suitable substrate can be used as the substrate for the fuser member. The melter member can be a roller, belt, flat surface or other suitable shape used in fixing thermoplastic organic pigment images to a suitable copying substrate.

It can take the form of a fuser member, a pressure member or a donor agent releasing agent, preferably in the form of a cylindrical roller, band or film. Typically, the melter member is made of a hollow cylindrical metal core, such as copper, aluminum, steel, or certain plastic materials selected to maintain stiffness, structural integrity, as well as being capable of having a fluoroelastomer deposited thereon. same and firmly attached to it. It is preferred that the support substrate be a cylindrical sleeve having an outer layer from about 1 to about 6 mm. In one embodiment, the core, which may be a steel cylinder, is degreased with a solvent and cleaned with an abrasive cleaner before a first coat is applied with a primer, such as Dow Corning 1200, which can be applied by spray, with brush or by immersion, followed by air drying under ambient conditions for thirty minutes, and then baked at 150 ° C for 30 minutes. The adhesive solution of the present invention is preferably one that dissolves substantially in a solvent, and remains dissolved in the solvent for the period required for the preparation of the melter member, and in a preferred embodiment, remains dissolved in the solvent. solvent for the period required for the coating by flow, which can be up to 8 hours, and in manufacturing environment, up to several days, for example, about 1 to 5 days. Also the adhesives suitable for the present invention have the property that they do not react with the solvent, or crystallize with the addition of a solvent. On the other hand, it is preferred that the adhesive solidifies in the air, so that it does not require an extra baking and drying step in the flow coating process. It is also necessary that the adhesive performs its function adequately to adhere the outer melt coating to the lower substrate, and provide a uniform coating, to help provide increased melter life with use. The adhesives suitable for use herein, and which satisfy the. less some, if not all, of the above criteria include amino silane compositions comprising compounds having the following formula I: Formula I Yes (R2) 3 wherein Ri is selected from the group consisting of NH2, an aminoalkyl of from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms. carbon, preferably from about 2 to about 5 carbon atoms, such as aminomethyl, aminoethyl, aminopropyl, aminobutyl and the like; an alkene of from about 2 to about 10 carbon atoms, preferably from about 2 to about 5 carbon atoms, such as ethylene, propylene, butylene, and the like; and an alkyne of from about 2 to about 10 carbon atoms, preferably from about 2 to about 5 carbon atoms, such as ethyne, propyne, butyne and the like; and wherein R2 is an alkoxy group of from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, preferably from about 2 to about 5 carbon atoms, such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, and the like. In a preferred embodiment, in the amino silane compound of Formula I, Ri is selected from the group consisting of aminomethyl, aminoethyl, aminopropyl, ethylene, ethyne, propylene and propyne, and wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of methoxy, ethoxy and propoxy. In an even more preferred embodiment of the invention, the amino silane composition comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of a compound having the following formula II: Formula II R Si- '(R4Í3 wherein R3 is an amino group such as NH2, or an aminoalkyl of from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, such as aminomethyl, aminoethyl, aminopropyl, aminobutyl, and the like; and wherein R 4 is an alkoxy group of from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, and the like; a compound selected from the following Formula III: Formula III: R < Yes (R6) 3 wherein R5 is selected from the group consisting of an alkene of from about 2 to about 10 carbon atoms, such as ethylene, propylene, butylene and the like, and an alkyne of from about 2 to about 10 carbon atoms , such as ethyne, propyne, butyne and the like, and wherein R6 is an alkoxy group of from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, and Similar; and combinations of compounds of Formula II and Formula III. The amino silane compositions used in adhesion applications typically contain alkoxy and other functional groups such as vinyl, aryl or alkyl amino groups. In a preferred embodiment, the amino silane adhesive composition further comprises an organic phosphonium catalyst in addition to the amino silane compound (s). A preferred organic phosphonium catalyst is of the following Formula IV: wherein X is a halogen selected from the group consisting of chlorine, fluorine, bromine, and iodine. In an even more preferred embodiment, X is chlorine. Examples of amino silane compositions include aminopropyl triethoxy silane, an inoethyl triethoxy silane, aminopropyl trimethoxy silane, aminoethyl trimethoxy silane, ethylene trimethoxy silane, ethylene triethoxy silane, etin trimethoxy silane, etin triethoxy silane, and combinations thereof. In the preferred embodiments, the amino silane compositions additionally comprise a benzyltriphenylphosphonium catalyst, such as benzyltriphenyl phosphonium chloride. A preferred adhesive coating specifically comprises an amino silane adhesive composition comprising l-propamine-3- (triethoxy) silane), ethynyltriethoxy silane, and benzyltriphenylphosphonium chloride (also written as 1-propamine, 3- (triethoxy) silane) , ethynyltriethoxy, benzyltriphenylphosphonium chloride). In this application, the coating requirements, solvent-based coating stability, and test efficiency provide excellent results by the use of the adhesive compositions above. Particularly effective commercially available materials include CHEMLOCK 5150 (1-propamine, 3- (triethoxy) silane), ethynyltriethoxy, benzyltriphenylphosphonium chloride) available from Lord Elastomer Products. It is desirable that the adhesive possess suitable properties to allow coating by flow thereof. For example, it is desirable that the adhesive be fluid and sufficiently viscous to remain on the substrate without dripping during flow coating. Preferably, the viscosity of the adhesive is from about 0.5 to about 20 centipoise, and particularly preferred is from about 1 to about 10 centipoise. Viscosities in this range provide acceptable fluidity, and allow thin coatings, which exhibit superior adhesion. It is also desirable for the adhesive to be slow drying, to avoid entrapment of solvent in the inner layers, which can cause the formation of bubbles. In addition, it is desirable to evaporate the solvent, and "cure" the adhesive in the range of from about 5 to about 60 minutes. Examples of suitable solvents to dissolve the adhesive for your. coating on the melter substrate include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and isopropanol, and eJL preferred solvent is methanol. It is preferred that the amino silane be present in the amino silane adhesive in solution form, in an amount from about 5 to about 35, preferably from about 20 to about 30, and particularly preferred is about 28 percent by weight. volume (V / V). Therefore, the solvent is present in an amount from about 65 to about 95, preferably from about 80 to about 70, and particularly preferred is about 72 one hundred by volume. "Total volume" as used herein refers to the amount of amino silane and diluent. The adhesive layer in the form of a solution is then applied to the melter substrate. The adhesive layer has a thickness from about 1 to about 10 microns, preferably from about 2 to about 4 micras. Examples of suitable outer melting layers of the melter member herein include polymers such as fluoropolymers. Preferred are elastomers, such as fluoroelastomers. Specifically, suitable fluoroelastomers are those described in detail in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,166,031, 5,281,506, 5,366,772 and 5,370,931, 4,257,699, 5,017,432 and 5,061,965, the descriptions of each of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. As described therein, these fluoroelastomers, particularly of the class of the copolymers, terpolymers, and tetrapolymers of vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene and tetrafluoroethylene and a possible curing site monomer, are commercially known under various designations, such as VITON AMR, VITON EMR, VITON E60MR, VITON E430MR, VITON 910MR, VITON GHMR, and VITON GFMR. The designation VITONMR is a registered trademark of E. I. DuPont de Nemours, Inc. Other commercially available materials include FLUOREL 2170MR, FLUOREL 2174MR, FLUOREL 2176MR, FLUOREL 2177MR, and FLUOREL LVS 76MR. FLUORELMR is a registered trademark of 3M Company. Additional commercially available materials include AFLAS1 ^, a poly (propylene tetrafluoroethylene) and FLUOREL IIm (LII900), a poly (propylene tetrafluoroethylene-vinylidene fluoride), both also available from 3M Company, as well as TECNOFLONSMR, identified as FOR-60KIRM, FOR-LHF ™, NMMR, FOR-THF ™, FOR-TFSMR, THMR, TNSOd, available from Montedison Specialty Chemical Company. In another preferred embodiment, the fluoroelastomer is one that has a relatively low amount of vinylidene fluoride, such as VITON GF, available from EI DuPont de Nemours, Inc. VITON GF "R has 35 mole percent vinylidene fluoride, mole percent hexafluoropropylene and 29 mole percent tetrafluoroethylene, with 2 percent curing site monomer The curing site monomer can be one of those available from DuPont such as 4-bromoperfluoro-1-butene, 1, l-dihydro-4-bromoperfluoro-1-butene, 3-bromoperfluoro-1-propene, 1, l-dihydro-3-bromoperfluoro-l- propene, or any other commercially available, suitable and known curing site monomer. Examples of suitable fluoroelastomers for use herein for the outer layer of the melter member of the present invention include fluoroelastomers of the above type, together with hydrofluoroelastomers including volume grafted elastomers. Volume grafted elastomers are a special form of hydrofluoroelastomer, and are integral, substantially uniform interpenetrating networks of a hybrid composition of a fluoroelastomer and a polyorganosiloxane, the bulk graft being formed by dehydrofluorinating the fluoroelastomer by a nucleophilic dehydrofluorinating agent, followed by addition polymerization, by the addition of a polyorganosiloxane terminated with an alkene or alkyne functionality and a polymerization initiator. Examples of specific volume graft elastomers are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,166,031; 5,281,506; 5,366.72; and 5,370,931, the descriptions of each of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Volume graft, in the modalities, refers to an integral interpenetrating network, substantially uniform, of a hybrid composition, wherein both, the structure and composition of the fluoroelastomer and the polyorganosiloxane are substantially uniform when taken through different cuts of the fuser member. A volume grafted elastomer is a hybrid composition of fluoroelastomer and polyorganosiloxane, formed by the dehydrofluorination of the fluoroelastomer by a nucleophilic dehydrofluorinating agent, followed by addition polymerization by the addition of a polyorganosiloxane terminated with an alkene or alkyne functionality. Interpenetrating network, in the embodiments, refers to the addition polymerization matrix wherein the polymer strands of fluoroelastomer and polyorganosiloxane are intertwined with one another. Hybrid composition, in the embodiments, refers to a grafted composition of volume that is composed of randomly arranged fluoroelastomer and polyorganosiloxane blocks. In general, the volume graft according to the present invention is carried out in two stages, the first one involving the dehydrofluorination of the fluoroelastomer, preferably using an amine. During this stage, hydrofluoric acid is eliminated, which generates unsaturation, double carbon-carbon bonds, on the fluoroelastomer. The second step is the peroxide-induced free-radical addition polymerization of the polyorganosiloxane terminated with alkene or alkyl with the carbon-carbon double bonds of the fluoroelastomer. In the embodiments, copper oxide can be added to the solution containing the grafted polymer. The dispersion is then provided on the fuser member or conductive film surface. In the embodiments, the polyorganosiloxane having functionality can be represented by the formula: wherein R is an alkyl with, for example, from about 1 to about 24 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl with, for example, from about 2 to about 24 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl with, for example, from about 6 to about 18 carbon atoms; A is an aryl with, for example, from about 6 to about 24 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkene with, for example, from about 2 to about 8 carbon atoms, or an unsubstituted or substituted alkyne with, for example, from about 2 to about 8 carbon atoms; and n represents the number of segments and is, for example, from about 2 to about 400, and preferably from about 10 to about 200 in the modes. In the preferred embodiments, R is an alkyl, alkenyl or aryl, wherein the alkyl contains from about 1 to about 24 carbon atoms, preferably from about 1 to about 12 carbon atoms; the alkenyl contains from about 2 to about 24 carbon atoms, preferably from about 2 to about 12 carbon atoms; and the aryl contains from about 6 to about 24 carbon atoms, preferably from about 6 to about 18 carbon atoms. R can be a substituted aryl group, wherein the aryl can be substituted with an amino, hydroxy, mercapto, or substituted with an alkyl having for example from about 1 to about 24 carbon atoms, and preferably from 1 to about of 12 carbon atoms, or substituted with an alkenyl having for example from about 2 to about 24 carbon atoms, and preferably from 2 to about 12 carbon atoms. In a preferred embodiment, R is independently selected from methyl, ethyl, and phenyl. Functional group A can be an alkene or alkyne group having from about 2 to about 8 carbon atoms, preferably from about 2 to about 4 carbon atoms, optionally substituted with an alkyl having for example from about 1 to about 12 atoms carbon, and preferably from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having for example from about 6 to about 24 carbon atoms, and preferably from about 6 to about 18 carbon atoms. Functional group A can also be mono-, di-, or trialkoxysilane having from about 1 to about 10, and preferably from about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms in each alkoxy, hydroxy, or halogen group. Preferred alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy, and the like. Preferred halogens include chlorine, bromine and fluorine. A can also be an alkyne from about 2 to about 8 carbon atoms, optionally substituted with an alkyl of from about 1 to about 24 carbon atoms, or aryl from about 6 to about 24 carbon atoms. The group n is a number, for example, from about 2 to about 400, and in the modalities from about 2 to about 350, and preferably from about 5 to about 100. Additionally, in a preferred embodiment, n is from about 60 to about 80, to provide a number enough of reactive groups to be grafted onto the fluoroelastomer. In the formula above, typical R groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, octyl, vinyl, allyl, crotinyl, phenyl, naphthyl and phenanthrenyl, and the typical substituted aryl groups are substituted at the ortho, meta and para positions with groups lower alkyl having from about 1 to about 15 carbon atoms. Typical alkene and alkenyl functional groups include vinyl, acrylic, crotonic and acetenyl, which typically may be substituted with methyl, propyl, butyl, benzyl, and tolyl groups, and the like. The amount of fluoroelastomer used to provide the outer layer of the melter member of the present invention is dependent on the amount necessary to form the desired thickness of the layer or layers of the melter member. It is preferred that the outer melting layer be coated to a thickness from about 152.4 to about 304.8 microns (about 6 to about 12 mils), preferably from about 177.8 to about 254 microns (about 7 to about .10 mils). Specifically, the fluoroelastomer for the outer layer is added in an amount from about 60 to about 99 percent, preferably from about 70 to about 99 percent by weight of the total solids. Total solids as used in the present in reference to the outer layer of fluoroelastomer, refers to the total amount of fluoroelastomer, dehydrofluorinating agent, solvent, adjuvants, fillers, and conductive fillers. The conductive fillers can be dispersed in an outer melting layer of the melter member of the present invention. In a preferred embodiment, a metal oxide or carbon black is dispersed on the surface of the fluoroelastomer. A preferred metal oxide is one which is capable of interacting with the functional groups of the polymeric release agent to form a thermally stable film, which releases the organic pigment from thermoplastic resin, and prevents the organic pigment from coming into contact with the material of the elastomer itself. In addition, it is preferred that the metal oxide be substantially unreactive with the elastomer, so that substantial dehydrofluorination of the vinylidene fluoride in the polymer can not take place. A preferred metal oxide is cupric oxide, which has been found to be a weak base, and softens, rather than hardens the elastomer over time, thereby maintaining a good copy quality. Another preferred metal oxide is aluminum oxide. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the metal oxide is a combination of aluminum oxide and cupric oxide. Metal oxide is typically present in an amount of from 5 to 30 parts by weight per hundred parts of the polymer, although it is preferred to have from about 10 to 20 parts by weight of metal oxide. In addition, the particle size of the metal oxide should not be so small as to interfere with the curing of the polymer, nor so large as to provide an insufficient number of particles released through the surface of the elastomer for good release properties. Typically, the metal oxide particles have an average diameter of from about 2 to 10 microns, preferably 6 microns.

Any known solvent suitable for dissolving a fluoroelastomer can be used in the present invention. Examples of solvents suitable for the present invention include methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, diethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, n-butyl acetate, amino acetate, and the like. Specifically, the solvent is added in an amount from about 25 to about 95 percent, preferably from about 70 to about 95 percent by weight of the total solids. The dehydrofluorinating agent which attacks the fluoroelastomer generating unsaturation is selected from basic metal oxides such as MgO, CaO, Ca (OH) 2 and the like, and strong nucleophilic agents, such as primary, secondary and tertiary, aliphatic and aromatic amines, where the aliphatic and aromatic amines have from about 2 to about 30 carbon atoms. Aliphatic and aromatic diamines and triamines having from about 2 to about 30 carbon atoms are also included, wherein the aromatic groups may be benzene, toluene, naphthalene, anthracene and the like. It is generally preferred for the aromatic diamines and triamines that the aromatic group is substituted in the ortho, meta and para positions. Typical substituents include lower alkyl amino groups such as ethylamino, propylamino and butylamino, with propylamino being preferred.

Particularly preferred curing agents are nucleophilic curing agents, such as VITON CURATIVE VC-50MR, which incorporates an accelerator (such as a quaternary phosphonium salt or salts such as VC-20) and a cross-linking agent (bisphenol AF or C). -30); DIAK 1 (hexamethylenediamine carbamate) and DIAK 3 (N, Nf -dicinamiliden-1,6-hexanediamine). The dehydrofluorinating agent is added in an amount from about 1, to about 20 weight percent, and preferably from about 2 to about 10 weight percent of the total solids. Other adjuvants and fillers can be incorporated into the elastomer according to the present invention, as long as they do not affect the integrity of the fluoroelastomer. Such fillers normally found in the combination of elastomers include coloring agents, reinforcement fillers, and processing aids. Oxides, such as copper oxides may be added in certain amounts to the melt roller coatings, to provide sufficient anchoring sites for the functional release oils, and thereby enable excellent release characteristics of the organic pigment of such members. Any suitable release agent can be used, including polyorganosiloxane fluids, oils with amino functionality, and the like. Preferred polymeric fluid release agents are those that have functional groups that interact with the metal oxide particles in the melter member, such that they form an interfacial barrier on the surface of the melter member, while leaving a release fluid of low surface energy that did not react as an external release film. Examples of suitable release agents having functional groups include those described in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,046,795; 4,029,827; and 4,011,362. In the preferred modalities, the groups chemically Reagents of the polymeric release agents are mercapto, carboxy, hydroxy, isocyanate, epoxy and amino. The amino silane and / or exterior fluoroelastomer adhesive layer of the present invention can be deposited on the melter roller substrate by any means, including normal drum sprinkling, dipping and spraying techniques. The amino silane or fluoroelastomer must first be diluted with a solvent for coating. However, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the adhesive and the outer layer are deposited on the melter substrate by means of a new coating process, called flow coating. The flow coating process will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In Figure 1, a melter roll is shown as an example of a preferred embodiment of the invention. However, the present invention is useful for melt strip and film coatings and the like; rollers, bands, and donor films and the like; rollers, bands, and preformance films and the like; and similar fuser members. Referring to Figure 1, the apparatus 100 is used to apply the coating solution 102 to the periphery 104 of the melter roller 48. The solution of The liner is pumped via the pump 106 through a typically pipe-shaped duct 110 to an applicator 112 that includes a nozzle 114, through which the coating solution 102 flows to the periphery 104 of the roller -48. The coating solution 102 is applied to the periphery 104 in a spiral manner, in which the melter roller 48 rotates about its longitudinal axis 116, while in a horizontal position, while the applicator 112 is moved in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis 116 of fuser roll 48, along the length of the substrate which is in a horizontal position. The coating solution 102 is thus applied to the periphery 104 of the melter roller 48 in a spiral manner. The coating application is similar to the path of a cutting tool when it surrounds the periphery of an axis in a standard lathe. By controlling exactly the amount of coating solution 102 that is displaced through the pump 106, and / or by exactly controlling in any way the amount of coating solution 102 that is released in the nozzle 114 of the applicator 12, substantially all the solution of liner 102 that passes through the nozzle 114 adheres to the roller 48. The amount of coating released through the applicator by rotation, to obtain a sufficient coating, it depends largely on the viscosity of the coating, the size (circumference and length) of the melter member to be coated, the desired thickness of the layer, the flow rate of the coating, and other similar parameters. By making the correct calculations, a flow coating can be achieved wherein substantially all of the coating of the applicator adheres to the surface of the melter member. "Substantially all" as used herein means that from about 80 to about 100 percent of the coating initially released from the nozzle will adhere to the melter member. Preferably, from about 95 percent to about 100 percent will adhere to the fuser member. In other words, preferably about 95 to about 100 percent of the solution coating of amino silane adhesive in solution, fluoroelastomer coating in solution, or both, solution of amino silane adhesive and fluoroelastomer solution applied, to the substrate is adhere to the substrate. Using the coating by flow, a very thin coating can be deposited precisely on a substrate. In particular, the Requesters have been successful in obtaining a coating layer of about 50.8 microns (0.0020 inches) with a tolerance range of +/- 2.54 microns (0.0001 inch). Being able to control the thickness of the coating with such precision will virtually obviate the need for polishing and other post curing operations, particularly for use in melting color images where a glossy finish is preferred over the images. For black or gray tone organic pigment images, where an image is preferred without relief, however, the surface may be too smooth following the flow coating. Therefore, polishing and / or polishing operations may be required to obtain the preferred embossed or matte finish. The apparatus 100 may have any suitable shape, and consists of any equipment capable of rotating the fuser roller 40 about the longitudinal axis 116 while being moved in the applicator 112 in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis 116 of the fuser roller. Standard CNC (computerized numerical control) or mechanical lathes can be used for this purpose. Specialized equipment can also be designed, which will rotate the fuser roller while moving the applicator. The specialized equipment may be advantageous to allow proper protection of the apparatus 100 to contain possible volatile coating solutions, and to maintain the specific environmental conditions for the quality coatings of this process. When the coating is applied using an apparatus 100 with an applicator 112 which applies a spiral coating through the nozzle 114, the coating is applied in a thread-like manner, and may have maxima and valleys on the periphery 104 of the roller 48. The positioning of a guide member 120 against the periphery 104 of the roller 48 when the coating solution 102 is applied on the roller, significantly improves the uniformity of the coating on the roller 48. Preferably, the longitudinal axis 116 of the roller 48 it is placed horizontally with respect to the floor of the construction in which the apparatus is housed. This configuration allows, for the purposes of gravity, to properly distribute the coating solution 102 around the periphery 104 of the roller 48. Further details of this preferred embodiment of the present invention, where it is used. a knife at the periphery of the roller to improve the uniformity of the coating, are provided in the Application assigned in common with Serial No. 08 / 669,761, filed on June 26, 1996, entitled "Leveling Blade for Flow Coating Process Manufacture of Polymeric Printer Rolls and Belt Components. "Similarly, the applicator 112 is preferably positioned above the melter roller 40, so that the coating solution stream coming from the nozzle 114 can rest on the periphery 104 of the roller. 48. Preferably, the tip 120 of the nozzle 114 is spaced a distance H above the periphery 104 of the roller 48. If the tip 120 is positioned too far from the periphery 104, the coating solution 102 will evaporate before it reaches the If the tip 120 is positioned too close to the periphery 104, the tip will contact the periphery 104. For a roller having a diameter D of approximately 10.16 cm (four inches) a distance H of approximately 0.635 cm (one quarter) inch) is suitable The placement of the applicator 112 in a position F of about 2.54 cm (one inch) from the vertical axis 122 of the roller in the direction n rotation roller 124 is sufficient. The dynamics of the rotation of the roller, and its position on the periphery of the roller helps in the uniform distribution of the solution 102 on the periphery of the roller. Referring now to Figure 2, the melter roller 48 and the apparatus 100 are shown in greater detail. He Fuser roll 48 can be made of any suitable durable material that has satisfactory heat transfer characteristics. For example, as shown in Figure 2, melter roll 48 includes a substrate in the form of a core 150 having a generally tubular shape, and made of a thermally conductive material, for example, aluminum or a polymer. To provide handling of the roller, the roller 48 typically includes a first end cap 152 and a second end cap 154, located at the first end 156 and second end 158 of the core 150, respectively. The operation of the apparatus as shown in Figure 2 is such that the applicator 112 is moved from the first position 164 as shown in solid lines to a second position 166 as shown in dashed lines. The applicator 112 thus travels together with the plate 34 in the direction of the arrow 168. The travel direction of the applicator 112 is parallel to the longitudinal axis 116 of the fuser roll 48. Concurrently with the translation of the applicator 112, the roller 48 rotates in the direction of arrow 170. Roller 48 is supported in any suitable manner, such as by feed blocks 172, and is rotated in any suitable manner, such as by a conductor 174, which contacts the end cap 154. The flow coating process for a melter roller first includes the step of providing a substrate of generally cylindrical shape. The substrate is rotated about a longitudinal axis of the substrate. A fluid coating is applied to the periphery of the substrate in a spiral pattern, using a guide to direct the coating over the periphery of the substrate. After the coating is fully applied, the coating is polished to a precision tolerance. To obtain an optimum surface configuration, subsequent operations such as super-finishing or polishing of the outer periphery may also be required. The coating can be applied in a solution with coating additives. It has been found that such a solution, with from about 10 to about 40, preferably about 15 to about 35 percent solids, is effective. The coating can be applied at any satisfactory speed. The Applicants have found that a ratio of thickness from about 25.4 microns to about 127 microns (about 0.001 to about dd) 0. 005 inches), and preferably about 50.8 microns (0.002 inches) per step in most effective. This is a Thickness that is applied along the length of the roller during the rotation of the roller. This amount is the amount that allows substantially all of the applied coating to remain on the roll without dripping or binding. It is preferred that the solution be applied at a rate of 30 to about 100 rotations per minute, and preferably from about 60 to about 80 rotations per minute. The specific relative humidity is important to improve the commercial performance and the quality of the rollers. Specifically, good results are obtained when the relative humidity is from about 30 to about 70%, and preferably from about 50 to about 60%.

When the coating or flow process is being used to produce webs or films, the webs or films are preferably mounted on a cylindrical mandrel, and are processed in a manner similar to that described above, the outer surface of the web being coated. Referring to Fig. 3, there is depicted one embodiment of the present invention, wherein the melter roller 1 prepared by a flow coating process comprises a substrate 2, and thereon an adhesive layer 3 and a melt layer 4. . In a modality Preferred of the present invention, the substrate is a hollow cylindrical metal core. The adhesive layer 3 is preferably an adhesive layer of amino silane, and the outer layer 4 is preferably a fluoroelastomer layer. The fuser member herein comprises an amino silane adhesive, which has the desired properties that allow the adhesive to be deposited by flow. Specifically, the amino silane adhesive is sufficiently viscous and fluid to allow it to remain on the melter substrate without dripping during the flow coating. The adhesive dries slowly, which prevents the formation of bubbles. Also, the adhesive does not require baking for solidification. Additionally, the amino silane adhesive can be dissolved in a solvent, and has the ability to remain dissolved during the flow coating process. In addition, the amino silane adhesive provides a uniform flow, and does not react adversely with the outer layer of fluoroelastomer, thereby preventing inconsistencies in the outer coating layer. On the other hand, the adhesive layer provides superior adhesion between the melter substrate and the outer layer of fluoroelastomer, thereby increasing the life of the melter.

All patents and applications cited herein are hereby specifically and fully incorporated herein by reference in their entirety to the present specification. The following Examples define and further describe embodiments of the present invention. Unless stated otherwise, all parts and percentages are by weight. EXAMPLES Example 1 Adhesive Coating / Primer Paint: An apparatus for flow coating described in the North American Application Serial No. 08 / 672,493, filed on June 26, 1996, entitled "Flow Coating Process for Manufacture of Polymeric" Printer Roll and Belt Components ", to coat by flow a series of aluminum fuser rollers. A modified metal rotary lathe was used to support and rotate the melter roller during the coating process. CHEMLOCK ™ 5150 was dosed onto the roller, through a metal nozzle, at a flow rate from about 1 to about 3 cc per minute, with the preferred flow rate being about 1.5 cc per minute. The fluid supply nozzle was coupled by means of a clamp to the screw mechanism of longitudinal advance of the lathe, to uniformly follow axially the horizontally mounted rotating roller. These application rates were obtained using a conventional low flow rate metering pump. A follower brush "aligned" the primer paint solution. The follower brush was also attached by means of a clamp to the longitudinal feed screw of the lathe. The brush was located near 90 ° from the point where the liquid stream is applied to the roller, but it was found that other orientations were also working, from 10 to about 120 ° C. The preferred method was to have the roller turning towards the operator (front) . The rotations per minute (RPM) of the roller were varied from about 30 to about 100 RPMs, and the optimum RPM was 60. Relative humidity (RHJ) was 30 to 70%, with the RH preferred of about 60 The ambient temperature was varied from about 15.5 to about 427 ° C (about 60 to about 800 ° F), the preferred being about 360 ° C (680 ° C). Example 2 Elastomer Coating: The same apparatus used in Example 1 was used to flow-coat an elastomer coating over the adhesive coating of Example 1. A modified metal rotating lathe was used to support and rotate the melter roller during the coating process. A VITON ™ GF elastomer solution (28 percent by weight) / methyl ethyl ketone (72 percent by weight) was dosed onto the roller through a metal nozzle, at about 20 to about 40 cc per minute, the preferred flow rate being about 30 cc per minute. The fluid supply nozzle was engaged by means of a clamp to the longitudinally advancing screw mechanism of the lathe to uniformly follow axially the horizontally mounted rotating roller. These application speeds were obtained using a conventional metering pump. A thin, hard metal blade "leveled" the coating solution. The metal knife was also attached by means of a clamp to the transverse feed mechanism of the lathe, and was located about 90 ° from the point where the liquid stream is applied to the roll. It was found that other orientations were also low, from about 10 to about 120 °. The preferred method was to have the roller turning towards the operator (front) . Rotations per minute (RPM) of the roller varied from about 30 to about 80 RPMs, and the optimum RPM was 60. Weather conditions included a relative humidity from about 30 to about 70%, with the preferred RH being about 50%. The ambient temperature was varied from about 15.5 to about 427 ° C (about 60 to about 800 ° F), being the preferred one of near 360 ° C (680 ° C). Example 3 Roller Test Traction type adhesion tests were used to evaluate the different primer / adhesive paint candidates to predict a catastrophic adhesion failure. Also, to further evaluate the efficiency of the elastomer and the adhesive on the roll, rolls were produced according to the procedures set forth in Examples 1 and 2 above, and evaluated to determine the performance under the current conditions of the machine. The melter roller test included testing the rolls prepared with the layers according to the procedures set forth in Examples 1 and 2 above, against a population of control rollers, which were prepared using primer / adhesive based paint of epoxy (THIXONMR) coated by spray, and outer surfaces of VITON GF ™ elastomer coated by spray. The rollers were run with a variety of organic pigments, release agents and originals of clients. For everything, approximately 300 rolls were tested and evaluated. Roller tracking forms were used to monitor the performance of the rollers, and the copy account was routinely analyzed. The average adhesion life of the rollers was compared through the various material / process variants. Eibull statistics were used to generate the characteristic life and average life data. It was found that the adhesive / primer paint material and the flow coating process according to the present invention surprisingly increase the copy count from a failure to 1.7 million copies with the epoxy based adhesive solution. , to a failure of 2.7 million copies with CHEMLOCKMR 5150 adhesive solution. This superior improvement was calculated to be a 30% increase in the life of the copy count on the previously used primer / paint material, and the coating process by flow. While the invention has been described in detail with reference to specific and preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated that various modifications and variations will be apparent to the artisan. All these modifications and modalities, which can easily occur to an expert in the art, they are proposed to be within the scope of the appended claims.

It is noted that in relation to this date, the best method known to the applicant to carry out the aforementioned invention, is that which is clear from the present description of the invention.

Having described the invention as above, property is claimed as contained in the following:

Claims (33)

1. CLAIMS 1. A fuser member, characterized in that it comprises: a) a substrate; and on the same b) an amino silane adhesive coating comprising an amino silane composition and an organophosphonium catalyst; and having on it, c) an outer fluoroelastomer coating, comprising a fluoroelastomer.
2. 2. A melter member according to claim 1, characterized in that the amino silane composition comprises a compound having the following formula I: R Si- • (R2 V) I wherein Ri is selected from the group consisting of NH2, an aminoalkyl of from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, an alkene of from about 2 to about 10 carbon atoms, and an alkene of from about 2 to about 10 carbon atoms, and wherein R2 is an alkoxy group of from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms.
3. 3. A melter member according to claim 2, characterized in that Ri is selected from A group consisting of aminomethyl, aminoethyl, aminopropyl, ethylene, ethyne, propylene and propyne, and wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of methoxy, ethoxy and propoxy.
4. 4. A melter member according to claim 1, characterized in that the amino silane composition comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of a compound having the following formula II: Formula II: Si- - (R4) 3 wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of NH2 and an aminoalkyl of from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, and wherein R4 is an alkoxy group of from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms; a compound having the following Formula III: Formula III: Yes (R6) 3 wherein R5 is selected from the group consisting of an alkene of from about 2 to about 10 carbon atoms, and an alkyne of from about 2 to about 10 carbon atoms, and wherein R6 is an alkoxy group of from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms; and combinations of compounds of Formula II and Formula III.
5. 5. A melter member according to claim 1, characterized in that the phosphonium organ catalyst is of the following Formula IV: wherein X is selected from the group consisting of chlorine, fluorine, bromine, and iodine.
6. 6. A melter member according to claim 1, characterized in that the amino silane composition comprises l-propamine-3- (triethoxy) silane), ethynyltriethoxy silane, and benzyltriphenyl phosphonium chloride.
7. 7. A melter member according to claim 1, characterized in that the fluoroelastomer is selected from the group consisting of a) copolymers of vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene and tetrafluoroethylene, b) terpolymers of vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene and tetrafluoroethylene, and c) tetrapolymers of vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene, tetrafluoroethylene and a curing site monomer.
8. 8. A melter member according to claim 7, characterized in that the fluoroelastomer comprises 35 mole percent vinylidene fluoride, 34 mole percent hexafluoropropylene, 29 mole percent tetrafluoroethylene, and 2 mole percent a monomer of curing site.
9. 9. A melter member according to claim 1, characterized in that the fluoroelastomer outer coating further comprises a metal oxide filler.
10. A melter member according to claim 9, characterized in that the metal oxide filler is selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide, cupric oxide and mixtures thereof.
11. 11. A melter member according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the amino silane adhesive coating and the The external fluoroelastomer coating is applied to the substrate in the form of a solution, by spraying the at least one coating in the form of a solution to the substrate.
12. 12. A fuser member in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the amino silane adhesive coating and the outer fluoroelastomer coating is applied to the substrate in the form of a solution, by rotating the substrate in a horizontal position about a longitudinal axis thereof, and simultaneously applying the coating to the substrate. solution from an applicator to the substrate in a spiral pattern, in a controlled amount, so that substantially all the coating of the applicator adheres to the substrate.
13. 13. A melter member according to claim 12, characterized in that the amino silane coating solution comprises a solvent of methanol.
14. A melter member according to claim 12, characterized in that the amino silane coating solution has a viscosity from about 1 to about 10 centipoise.
15. 15. A melter member according to claim 12, characterized in that the at least one of the amino silane adhesive coating and the outer fluoroelastomer coating is applied to the substrate at a rate of from about 30 to about 100 rotations per minute.
16. 16. A melter member according to claim 12, characterized in that the at least one of the amino silane coating solution and the fluoroelastomer coating solution is applied at a relative humidity from about 30 to about 70%.
17. 17. A melter member according to claim 16, characterized in that the relative humidity is about 60%.
18. 18. A melter member according to claim 12, characterized in that from about 95 to about 100 percent of the at least one of the amino silane coating solution and the fluoroelastomer coating solution applied to the substrate is adhered to the substrate.
19. 19. A process for the preparation of a melter member, comprising in sequential order a substrate, an amino silane adhesive coating comprising an amino silane composition and an organ catalyst Phosphonium, and an outer fluoroelastomer coating comprising a fluoroelastomer, the process is characterized in that it comprises: a) providing a substrate; b) rotating the substrate in a horizontal position about a longitudinal axis thereof; and simultaneously c) applying at least one of an amino silane adhesive coating and an outer fluoroelastomer coating in the form of a solution, rotating the substrate in a horizontal position about a longitudinal axis thereof, and simultaneously applying the coating solution from an applicator to the substrate, in a spiral pattern, in a controlled amount, so that substantially all the coating of the applicator adheres to the substrate.
20. 20. A process according to claim 19, characterized in that the amino silane composition comprises a compound having the following formula I: Formula I Yes 2) wherein Ri is selected from the group consisting of NH2, an aminoalkyl of from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, an alkene of from about 2 to about 10 carbon atoms, and an alkyne of from about 2 to about 10 carbon atoms, and wherein R2 is an alkoxy group of from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms.
21. 21. A process according to claim 20, characterized in that Ri is selected from the group consisting of aminomethyl, aminoethyl, aminopropyl, ethylene, ethyne, propylene and propyne, and wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of methoxy, ethoxy and propoxy.
22. 22. A process according to claim 19, characterized in that the amino silane composition comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of a compound having the following formula II: Formula II: R3 Yes (R4 > 3 wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of NH2 and an aminoalkyl of from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, and wherein R4 is an alkoxy group from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms; a compound having the following Formula III: Formula III: Yes (R «) 3 wherein R5 is selected from the group consisting of an alkene of from about 2 to about 10 carbon atoms, and an alkyne of from about 2 to about 10 carbon atoms, and wherein R6 is an alkoxy group of from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms; and combinations of compounds of Formula II and Formula III.
23. 23. A process according to claim 19, characterized in that the phosphonium organ catalyst is of the following Formula III: wherein X is selected from the group consisting of chlorine, fluorine, bromine, and iodine.
24. 24. A process according to claim 23, characterized in that X is chlorine.
25. 25. A process according to claim 19, characterized in that the amino silane composition comprises l-propamine-3- (triethoxy) silane), ethynyltriethoxy silane, and benzyltriphenyl phosphonium chloride.
26. 26. A process according to claim 19, characterized in that the fluoroelastomer is selected from the group consisting of a) copolymers of vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene and tetrafluoroethylene, b) terpolymers of vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene and tetrafluoroethylene, and c) tetrapolymers of vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene, tetrafluoroethylene and a curing site monomer.
27. 27. A process according to claim 25, characterized in that the fluoroelastomer comprises 35 mole percent vinylidene fluoride, 34 mole percent hexafluoropropylene, 29 mole percent tetrafluoroethylene, and 2 mole percent a site monomer. cured.
28. 28. A process according to claim 19, characterized in that the coating of Fluoroelastomer further comprises a metal oxide filler selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide, cupric oxide, and combinations thereof.
29. 29. A process according to claim 19, characterized in that the amino silane coating solution has a viscosity from about 1 to about 10 centipoise.
30. 30. A process according to claim 19, characterized in that the at least one of the amino silane coating solution and the outer fluoroelastomer coating solution is applied to the substrate at a rate of from about 30 to about 100 rotations per minute.
31. 31. A process according to claim 12, characterized in that at least one of the amino silane coating solution and the fluoroelastomer coating solution is applied at a relative humidity from about 30 to about 70%.
32. 32. A process according to claim 19, characterized in that from about 95 to about 100 percent of the at least one of the amino silane coating solution and the fluoroelastomer coating solution applied to the substrate is adhered to the substrate. .
33. 33. An image forming apparatus for forming images on a recording medium, characterized in that it comprises: a load retentive surface, for receiving an electrostatic latent image thereon; a development component, to apply organic pigment to the retentive surface of charge, to develop the electrostatic latent image, to form an image developed on the retentive surface of charge; a transfer component, for transferring the developed image from the load retentive surface to a copy substrate; and a fuser member, for melting organic pigment images onto a surface of the copy substrate, wherein the fuser member comprises: a) a substrate; and thereon b) an amino silane adhesive coating, comprising an amino silane composition and a organophosphonium catalyst, and having thereon, c) an outer fluoroelastomer coating comprising a fluoroelastomer.